Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

3. NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION (NLM)

A. FORCE & NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

(a) Force :
To define force first of all one has to see the effects of force. By ‘effects of force’ we mean what force can
do or what changes a force can bring about. A force can produce the following effects :
(i) A force can move a stationary body.
(ii) A force can stop a moving body.
(iii) A force can change the speed of a moving body.
(iv) A force can change the direction of a moving body.
(v) A force can change the shape (and size) of a body.
DEFINITION OF FORCE :
A pull or push which changes or tends to change the state of rest or of uniform motion or direction of
motion of any object is called force. Force is the interaction between the object and the source (provid-
ing the pull or push). It is a vector quantity.

(b) Balanced and unbalanced forces :

(i) Balanced Forces : If a number of forces acting on an object does not produce any change in its state
of rest or uniform motion or direction of motion then, they are called as balanced forces.
For example
(I) A person holding a briefcase in hand.
(II) A book resting on table.
(III) Squeezing a lemon etc.
(ii) Unbalanced Forces : If a number of forces acting on an object produce a change in its state of
rest or uniform motion or direction of motion, then they are termed as unbalanced forces:
For example
(I) A briefcase released from a persons hand.
(II) A stone dropped etc.
(c) Fundamental force in nature : There are four fundamental force in nature which are as
follow :-
(i) Gravitational force (ii) Electromagnetic force
(iii) The strong nuclear force (iv) Weak force

(d) Galileo’s Experiments :

(i) Experiment I :It was observed by Galileo that when a ball is rolled down on an inclined frictionless
plane its speed increases, whereas if it is rolled up an inclined frictionless plane its speed decreases .If
it is rolled on a horizontal frictionless plane the result must be between the cases describe above i.e. the
speed should remain constant. It can be explain as :

v v’

v’ = v

Fig : 1

moving down : speed increases ; moving up : speed decreases ; moving horizontal : speed remains constant
1

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

(ii) Experiment II : When a ball is released on the inner surface of a smooth hemisphere, it will move to
the other side and reach the same height before coming to rest momentarily. f the hemisphere is replaced
by a surface shown in figure(b) in order to reach the same height the ball will have to move a larger
distance.

h h
v v
(a) (b)
(c)

Fig : 2

If the other side is made horizontal, the ball will never stop because it will never be able to reach the same
height, it means its speed will not decrease. It will have uniform velocity on the horizontal surface. Thus,
if unbalanced forces do not act on a body, the body will either remain at rest or will move with a uniform
velocity. It will remain unaccelerated.
Newton concluded the idea suggested by Galileo and was formulated in the laws by Newton.

(e) Newton’s first law :

Every body remain in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled by some
external force.

It means a body remain unaccelerated if and only if, the resultant force on it is zero.

In such a case the body is said to be in equilibrium.

Definition of force from first law of motion :

According to first law of motion, if there is no force, there is no change in state of rest or of uniform motion.
In other words, if a force is applied, it may change the state of rest or of uniform motion. If the force is not
sufficient, it may not produce a change but only try to do so. Hence force is that which changes or tries to
change the state of rest or of uniform motion of a body in straight line.

(i) Inertia :

(I) Definition of Inertia : The tendency of the body to oppose the change its states of rest or uniform
motion in a straight line is called inertia. Newton’s first law of motion is also called law of inertia.

(II) Description : It follows from first law of motion that in absence of any external force, a body continues
to be in its state of rest or in uniform motion along a straight line. In other words, the body cannot change
by itself its position of rest or of uniform motion.

(III) Inertia Depends upon Mass : We know that it is difficult to move a heavier body than the lighter one.
Similarly it is difficult to stop a moving heavier body than a lighter body moving with the same velocity.
Thus, we conclude that mass of the body is the measure of inertia, more the mass, more the inertia.

(ii) Types of Inertia : There are three types of Inertia:

(I) Inertia of Rest : The tendency of the body to oppose the change in its state of rest when some
external unbalanced force is applied on it, is called the inertia of rest.

Example based on Inertia of rest :

(1) A person sitting in a bus falls backwards when the bus suddenly starts. The reason is that lower part
of his body begins to move along with the bus but the upper part of his body tends to remain at rest due
to inertia of rest.
2

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

(2) If a coin is placed on a thick card over the mouth of a tumbler and the card is given a sudden jerk, the
coin will drop into the tumbler. The reason is that the motion of the card is very quick and it cannot be
imparted to the coin due to inertia of rest.

Fig : 3
(3) We beat a carpet with a stick to remove dust particles. When the carpet is beaten, it is suddenly
set into motion. The dust particles tend to remain at rest due to inertia of rest and hence fall off.
(4) When a branch of a tree is shaken, the fruits get separated from the tree due to inertia of rest.
(5) A bullet fired from a gun makes a small hole in glass of window while passing through it but stone
breaks it into pieces.
(6) A pile of carrom coins remain intact when the lowest coin is struck by a striker forcely.
(II) Inertia of Motion : The tendency of the body to oppose its state of motion when some unbalanced
forces are applied on it, is called the inertia of motion.
Example based on Inertia of motion :
(1) A man carelessly getting down a moving bus falls
forward, the reason being that his feet come to rest
suddenly, whereas the upper part of his body retains
the forward motion as shown in fig (4)

(2) An athlete runs a certain distance before taking a

leap so that the inertia of motion of his body at the
time of leaping may help him in his muscular efforts.

(3) We remove snow or mud from our shoes by striking

them against wall. On striking the wall, the feet comes
to rest whereas the snow which is still in motion Fig : 4
separates from the shoes.
(III) Inertia of Direction : The tendency of a body to oppose any change in its direction of motion is
known as inertia of direction.
Example based on Inertia of direction :
(1) If a car takes a turn along a curved track, the passengers experience a force acting away from the
centre of the curved track. This is the result of tendency of the passenger to continue moving along a
straight path.
(2) Tie a stone to one end of a string and holding other end of the string in hand, rotate the stone in a
horizontal circle. If during rotation, the string breaks at certain stage, the stone is found to fly off tangentially
at that point of the circle as shown in fig (5).

Fig : 5
(3) The water drops sticking to cycle tyre are found to fly off tangentially.
(4) The sparks produced during sharpening of a knife or a razor against a grinding wheel, leave
the rim of the wheel tangentially.

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

1. Define force and also state effects of force?

2. What are balanced and unbalanced forces?
3. The free body diagram for a man pushing a box is shown in figure. For this situation determine the net
force acting on the object.

(Ans. Net force = 0)

4. Give two examples each of balanced and unbalnced forces from our daily lifes.
5. What do you mean by term inertia of rest explain it using an example?
6. A ball is moving on a frictionless horizontal surface and no force is applied on it. Will its speed decrease,
increase or remains same.
7. On which physical quantity does ineria depends upon?
8. State newton’s first law of motion.
9. Define inertia.
10. Why passangers are thrown outwards when a bus suddenly takes a turn?

B. MOMENTUM &NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

(a) Momentum :
(i) Definition : Momentum of a particle may be defined as the quantity of motion possessed by it and
it is measured by the product of mass of the particle and its velocity.

Momentum is a vector quantity and it is represented by p
 
 p mv

(ii)Unit of momentum :
(In C.G.S. system)  p = mv  gram × cm/s = dyne × s
(In M.K.S.  system) p = mv  kg × m/s = Newton × s

(b) Newton’s second law of motion :

The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the applied unbalanced forces i.e.
Rate of change of momentum  Force applied
Let a body is moving with initial velocity u and after applying a force F on it, its velocity becomes v in time t.
Initial momentum of the body p1 = mu
Final momentum of the body p2 = mv
Change in momentum in time t is mv – mu
mv – mu
So rate of change of momentum =
t
4

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

mv – mu
But according to Newton’s second law, F
t
m( v – u) v–u
or F Here, = a (acceleration)
t t
So Fma or F = kma (Here k is proportionality constant).
If 1N force is applied on a body of mass 1 kg and the acceleration produced in the body is 1 m/s2, then
1 = k × 1 × 1 or k = 1
Hence, F = ma
So the magnitude of the resultant force acting on a body is equal to the product of mass of the body and
the acceleration produced. Direction of the force is same as that of the acceleration.
(i) Unit of Force :
(I) In C.G.S. System :
 F = ma  gm × cm/s2 = Dyne
Definition of one dyne :
If m = 1 gm, a = 1 cm/s2, then F = 1 dyne.
When a force is applied on a body of mass 1 gram and the acceleration produced in the body is 1 cm/s2,
then the force acting on the body will be one dyne.
(II) In S.I. System :
F = ma  kg × m/s2 = Newton
Definition of one Newton :
If m = 1 kg and a = 1 m/s2 then by, F = ma
F = 1 × 1 = 1 kg × m/s2 = 1 N.
If a force is applied on a body of mass 1 kg and acceleration produced in the body is 1 m/s2, then the force
acting on the body will be one Newton.
(III) Kilogram Force (kgf) : Kilogram force (kgf) or Kilogram weight (kg. wt.) is force with which a mass
of 1 kg is attracted by the earth towards its centre.
1kgwt = 1kgf = 9.8 N
(IV) Gram Force (gf) : Gram force or gram weight is the force with which a mass of 1 gram is attracted
by the earth towards its centre.
1gwt = 1gf = 981 dyne
Above both the units are called gravitational unit of force.
(V) Relation between Newton and dyne.
We know :
1 N = 1kg × 1ms-2 or 1 N = 1000 g × 100 cms-2
or 1 N = 105 g cms-2 = 105 dyne
 1 N = 105 dyne
(ii) Newton’s first law of motion from newton’s second law : According to first law of motion, if there
is no force, there is no change in state of rest or of uniform motion. In other words, if a force is applied, it
may change the state of rest or of uniform motion. If the force is not sufficient, it may not produce a
change but only try to do so. Hence force is that which changes or tries to change the state of rest or of
uniform motion of a body in straight line.
Hence we get the definition of force from Newton’s first law of motion.
Newton’s first law of motion can be deduced from Newton’s second law of motion.
According to second law of motion,
p 2  p1 mv  mu
F= =
t t
if applied force is zero
mv  mu
0
t
mv – mu = 0 mv = mu
v = u it shows inertia of motion
5

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

If u = 0, v = 0
Then, v = u  show the inertia of rest
 
v u
 show the inertia of direction, it means if applied force is zero direction remains the same.
(c) Impulse of force :
A large force acting for a short time to produce a finite change in momentum is called impulsive force.
The product of force and time is called impulse of force.
i.e., Impulse = Force × Time
or Impulse = Ft
The S.I. unit of impulse is Newton-second (N-s) and the C.G.S unit is dyne- second (dyne-s)
(i) Impulse and Momentum : From Newton’s second law of motion
p 2  p1
Force, F = or Ft = p2 – p1
t
i.e., Impulse = Change in momentum
This relation is called impulse equation or momentum- impulse theorem. It has an important application in
our everyday life.
(ii) Impulse from force-time graph
Force time graph
Following are the important points of force time graph:-
Area under Force-time graph gives impulse. Impulse gives change in momentum.
Force

Time
Fig : 6
(iii) Examples of impulse :
(I) Catching the ball by a cricketer : While catching a fast moving cricket ball, the player moves his
hands backward after catching the ball. By moving his hands, the cricketer increases the time. As a
result he has to apply a small force on the ball. In reaction, the ball also applies lesser force and the
hands of the player are not injured.

Fig : 7
(II) Jumping on a heap of sand : If someone jumps from a height on a heap of sand then, his feet move
inside the sand very slowly. His momentum changes slowly requiring a lesser force of action from the
sand and the man is not injured.
(III) Jumping down of a passenger from a moving train or bus : A passenger sitting in a moving train
or bus has momentum. When he jumps down and stands on platform or road, his momentum becomes
zero.
If he jumps down suddenly from the moving train or bus and tries to stand on his feet, his body will fall
forward due to inertia of motion. He will be injured.
6

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

He is advised to run over some distance on the platform or road along with (in direction of) the train or bus.
This will slow down his rate of change of momentum and lesser force will be involved.
(IV) Springs in vehicles : The vehicles are fitted with springs to reduce the hardness of the shocks.
When vehicles move over an uneven road, they experience impulses exerted by the road. The springs
increase the duration of impulse and hence reduce the force.
(V) Springs in seats : The seats are also fitted with springs to reduce their hardness. When we sit on
them all of a sudden, the seats are compressed. The compression increases duration of our coming to
rest on the seat. The reaction force of seats becomes negligible.
(VI) Soft material packing : China and glass wares are packed with soft material when transported.
They collide during transportation but soft packing material slows down their rate of change of momentum.
The force of impact is reduced and the items are not broken.

(VII) Athletes : Athletes are advised to come to stop slowly after finishing a fast race. In general, all
changes of momentum must be brought slowly to involve lesser forces of action and reaction to avoid
injury.
(iv) Impulse during an impact or collision:
The impulsive force acting on the body produces a change in momentum of the body on which it acts. We
know, Ft = mv – mu, therefore the maximum force needed to produce a given impulse depends upon time.
If time is short, the force required in a given impulse or the change in momentum is large and vice-versa.

llustration 1.When a ball of mass m kg strikes a wall with a speed ‘u’ m/s. and rebound at the same speed them
find the charge in momentum.
Sol. Change in momentum = final momentum – initial momentum
p1=mu

p2=–mu
after rebund
Change in momentum = (–mu) – (mu) = (–2mu) kgm/s

llustration 2.A ball of mass 100 gm. is moving with a velocity of 15 m/s. Calculate the momentum associated with
the ball.
100
Sol . Mass of the ball = 100 gm. = kg. = 0.1 kg.
1000
Velocity of the ball = 15 m/s
So, momentum = mass of the ball × velocity of the ball
= 0.1 kg. × 15 m/s = 1.5 kg. m/s

Illustration 3. A force F1 acting on a body of 2 kg produces an acceleration of 2.5 m/s2. An other force F2 acting
F2
on the another body of mass 5 kg produces an acceleration of 2 m/s2. Find the ratio .
F1
Sol. For first body F = ma
F1 = 2 × 2.5 = 5N
For second body F2 = 5 × 2 = 10N
F2 10
So = = 2:1
F1 5

Illustration 4. A force of 20N acting on a mass m1 produces an acceleration of 4 ms–2. The same force is
applied on mass m2 then the acceleration produced is 0.5 ms–2. What acceleration would the same force
produce, when both masses are tied together ?
7

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

Sol. For mass m1: F = 20N, a = 4 ms–2

F 20
then m1 = = = 5 kg
a 4
For mass m2 : F = 20N, a = 0.5 ms–2
F 20
then m2 = = = 40 kg
a 0. 5
When m1 and m2 are tied together :
Total mass = m1 + m2 = 45 kg, F = 20N
F 20
then a= = = 0.44 ms–2
(m1  m 2 ) 45

Illustration 5. Find the value of impulse for time t = 0 to 2 second, for t = 2 to 6 second and t = 4 to 6 second.

Sol. For t = 0 to t = 2 sec.

Impulse = ½ × 2 × 10 = 10 N–s
For t = 2 to t = 6 sec.
Impulse = ½ × 2 × 10 + ½ × 2 × (–10) = 0
For t = 4 to 6 sec
Impulse = ½ × 2 × (–10) = –10 N–s


1. State and prove impulse and momentum theorem .

2. State Newton’s second law of motion.
3. Why china and glass wares are packed with soft material ?
4. The speed of tortoise and a hare are moving with 2m/s and 5m/s respectively. The mass of hare is 3kg
and that of tortoise is 10 kg than which of the two has greater momentum
 
(Ans. p tortoise  phare )

5. Define gravitational unit of force

6. The velocity of a body of mass 20kg decreases from 20m/s to 5m/s in a distance of 100m than find the
force on the body (Ans. Force = – 37.5 N)
7. Prove Newtons first law of motion from Newtons second law of motion
8. An army vehicle of mass 1000 kg is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s and is acted upon by a forward force
of 1000 N due to the engine and a retarding force of 500 N due to friction. What will be its velocity after
10s (Ans. Velocity = 15m/s)
9. The time in which a force of 2 N produces a change of momentum of in the body is
(Ans. t = 0.2s)
10. Two billiard balls each of mass 0.05 kg moving in opposite directions with speed 6 m/s collide and
rebound with the same speed. What is the impulse imparted to each ball due to the other?
(Ans. Impulse = 6 Kg  m/sec )


8

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

C. NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION & CONSERVATION

LAW OF LINEAR MOMENTUM
(a) Newton’s third law of motion :
(i) Statement : The law states that “ To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction”. Moreover,
action and reaction act on different bodies.
(ii) Demonstration :
(I) when a ball strikes a wall, the following happens :

faction

ball

Faction = action force = force exerted by the ball on the wall.

freaction

ball

Fig : 8
Freaction = reaction force = force exerted by the wall on the ball due to reaction force, the ball bounces
back.
(II)Two similar spring balances A and B joined by hook as shown in the figure. The other end of the spring
balance B is attached to a hook rigidly fixed in a rigid wall.

Fig. 9 : Demonstration- Newton’s third law of motion

The other end of the spring balance A is pulled out to the left. Both balances show the same reading (20
N) for the force. The pulled balance A exerts a force of 20N on the balance B. It acts as action, B pulls the
balance A in opposite direction with a force of 20 N. This force is known as reaction.
We conclude that action-reaction forces are equal and opposite and act on two different bodies.
(iii) No Action is possible witout Reaction :
Examples :
(I) A nail cannot be fixed on a suspended wooden ball.
(II) A paper cannot be cut by scissors of single blade.
(III) A hanging piece of paper cannot be cut by blade.
(IV) Writing on a hanging page is impossible.
(V) Hitting on a piece of sponge does not produce reaction. You do not enjoy hitting.
(iv) Action and Reaction are not Balanced : Action and reaction, though equal and opposite are not
balanced because they act on two different bodies. In case when they act on two different bodies forming
a single system, they become balanced.
(v) Any Pair of Equal & Opposite Forces is not an Action-Rection Pair :
Consider a book kept on a table. We have seen that the table pushes the book in the upward direction.
Then why does not the book fly up? It does not fly up because there is another force on the book pulling
it down. This is the force exerted by the earth on the book, which we call the weight of the book.
So, there are two forces on the book– the normal force,
9

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

N acting upwards, applied by the table and the force, W acting N

downwards, applied by the earth. As the book does not accelerate, N= W
we conclude that these two forces are balanced. In other words, V
V V

they have equal magnitudes but opposite directions.Can we call N

the action and W the reaction ? We cannot. This is because,
although they are equal and opposite, they are not forces applied
by two bodies on each other. Fig. 10
The force N is applied by the table on the book, its reaction will be the force applied by the book on the
table. Weight W is the force applied by the earth on the book, its reaction will be the force applied by the
book on the earth.
So, although N and W are equal and opposite, they do not form an action–reaction pair.
(vi) Examples of Newton’s third law :
(I) Swimming of a man : The man swims because he pushes water behind (action), water pushes man
forward (reaction).
(II) Walking of a man : Man pushes the earth behind from right foot (action). Earth pushes the man
forward (reaction). Then the man walks.

Fig : 11
(III) Flight of jet or rocket : The burnt gases are exhausted from behind with high speed giving the gases
backward momentum (action). The exhausted gases impart the jet or rocket a forward momentum
(reaction). Then jet or rocket moves.
(IV) Gun and bullet : A loaded gun has a bullet inside it. When the gun’s trigger is pressed, the powder
inside cartage explodes. A force of action acts on the bullet and makes the light bullet come out of the barrel
with a high velocity. The heavy gun moves behind (recoils) with a small velocity due to force of reaction. This
is also an example of law of conservation of linear momentum.
(V) Man and boat : A man in a boat near a river bank is at rest. To reach the bank, the man pushes the
boat behind (action), the boat pushes the man forward (reaction). Then man lands on the bank.

Fig : 12
(VI) Hose pipe : Water rushes out of the hose pipe with a large velocity due to force of action of the
compressor from behind. The rushing out jet of water pushes the hose pipe behind due to force of
reaction. Then pipe has to be held tightly.

10

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

(b) The Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum :

By Newton’s second law, the rate of change of momentum is equal to the applied force.

Change in momentum
= Force
time

Change in momentum = F × t
If F = 0 then,
Change in momentum = 0
If the force applied on the body is zero then its momentum will be conserved, this law is also applicable
on the system. If in a system the momentum of the objects present in the system are P1, P2, P3...........
and external force on the system is zero, then–
P1 + P2 + P3 +................. = Constant

NOTE : If only internal forces are acting on the system then its linear momentum will be conserved.

(i) The Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum by Third Law of Motion :

Suppose A and B are two objects of masses m1 and m2 are moving in the same direction with velocity u1
and u2 respectively (u1 > u2). Object A collides with object B and after time t both move in their original
direction with velocity v1 and v 2 respectively. m1 m2
The change in momentum of object A = m1v 1 – m1u1 u1 u2
before collision (u1 > u2)

Change in momentum m v – m1u1

The force on B by A is F1 = F1 = 1 1 .............(A)
time t

The change in momentum of object B = m2v 2 – m2u2

The force on A by B is

Change in momentum
F2 =
time
m1 m2
v1 v2
m 2 v 2 – m 2u 2
= .............(B) after collision
t

By Newtons third law, F1 = –F2

m1v 1 – m1u1  m v – m 2u 2 
= – 2 2   m1v 1 – m1u1 = –m2v 2 + m2u2
t  t 

or m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

or Initial momentum = Final momentum

(ii) Some Examples on Conservation of Momentum :

(I) Recoil of Gun : A loaded gun (rifle) having bullet inside it forming one system is initially at rest. The
system has zero initial momentum.

V v

Fig : 13

11

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

When the trigger (T) is pressed, the bullet is fired due to internal force of explosion of powder in cartage inside.
The bullet moves forward with a high velocity and the gun move behind (recoils) with a lesser velocity.
Let the bullet and the gun have masses m and M respectively. Let the bullet move forward with velocity v
and the gun recoils with velocity V.
Then final momentum of the gun and bullet is MV + mv
By the law of conservation of momentum–
Initial momentum of the system = Final momentum of the system.

mv
0 = MV + mv or V = –
M

mv mv
Hence the recoil velocity of gun = and the velocity of the gun is = –
M M
(II) The Working of a Rocket : The momentum of a rocket before it is fired is zero. When the rocket is
fired, gases are produced. These gases come out of the rear of the rocket with high speed. The direction
of the momentum of the gases coming out of the rocket is in the downward direction. Thus, to conserve
the momentum of the system i.e., (rocket + gases), the rocket moves upward with a momentum equal to
the momentum of the gases. So, the rocket continues to move upward as long as the gases are ejected
out of the rocket. Thus a rocket works on the basis of the law of conservation of momentum.

Illustration 6. A field gun of mass 1.5 tonne fires a shell of mass 15 kg with a velocity of 150 m/s. Calculate the
velocity of the recoil of the gun.
Sol. Mass of gun = 1.5 tonne = 1.5 × 1000 kg = 1500 kg
Mass of shell = 15 kg
Velocity of shell = 150 m/s.
Velocity of recoil of the gun = ?
Momentum of gun = Mass of gun × velocity of recoil of the gun = 1500 V kg m/s
Momentum of shell = Mass of shell × velocity of shell = 15 × 150 kg m/s.
By the law of conservation of momentum :
Momentum of gun = Momentum of shell
1500 V = 15 × 150
15  150
or V= = 1.5 m/s.
1500
The recoil velocity of gun = 1.5 m/s.

Illustration 7. A hunter of 45 kg is standing on ice fires a bullet of 100 gram with a velocity of 500 ms–1 by a gun
of 5 kg. Find the recoil velocity of the hunter.
Sol. The initial momentum of the system, P1 = Momentum of hunter + momentum of gun + momentum of
bullet
or P1 = 45 × 0 + 5 × 0 + 0.1 × 0 = 0 ........(1)
Final momentum of the system, P2 = Momentum of hunter + momentum of gun + momentum of bullet
P2 = 45 V + 5 V + 0.1 × 500
(Here V is the recoil velocity of gun with hunter.)
P2 = 50 V + 50 ........(2)
By the conservation of momentum
P1 = P2
0 = 50 V + 50 or V = –1 m/s.
The recoil velocity of gun with hunter is 1 m/s.

Illustration 8. A bullet of mass A and velocity B is fired into a block of wood of mass C. if loss of any mass and
friction be neglected, tha final velocity of system will be
12

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

Sol. Mass of bullet = A

Velocity of bullet = B
Since momentum will be conserved so
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

AB
AB = (C+ A) V’ So, V’ =
CA

Illustration 9. A machine gun has a mass of 30 kg. The machine gun fires 35 g bullets at the rate of 400 bullets per
minute with a speed of 400 m/s. What force must be applied to the gun so that the gun is kept in position.

Sol. Mass of the gun, M = 30 kg.

Mass of each bullet, m= 35 g.
= 35 × 10–3 kg.
Velocity of each bullet, v = 400 m/s
Let n be the number of bullets fired per second

400 20
n = 
60 3
Required force = rate of change of linear momentum of bullets.
n(mv )
or F =
t

20 35  10 –3  400
= 
3 1
F = 93.3 N.

Illustration 10. A gun having a mass of 5000 g fires a 20 g bullet at a speed of 500 m s-1. Find the recoil velocity
of the gun.
Solution:
Mass of the bullet m1 = 20 g = 0.02 kg

Velocity of the bullet v1  500 m s 1

Mass of the gun m2 = 5000 g = 5 kg

Let the recoil velocity of gun be v 2 m s-1
According to the law of conservation of momentum, momentum of bullet = momentum of gun

m1 v1  m 2 v 2    0.02  500  5  v 2

500 m s 1  0.02 kg
v2   2 m s 1
5 kg

1_ State and proof law of conservation of momentum

2_ Does momentum reamains conserved when extrernal force is not equal to zero?

3_ What do you understand by term recoil velocity of gun?

4_ In the following figure does the force normal reaction and weight forms an action and reaction pair. Give
explanation?
13

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

N
N= W
V
V V

5_ Explain working of rocket

6_ Two blocks of masses 4 kg and 6 kg are moving in the same line with speeds 2 m s-1 and 7 m s-1
respectively.They stick together after collision. Find the common velocity if they are moving
(a) in the same direction (b) in opposite directions. (Ans.(a) 5 m/s ; (b) 3.4 m/s)

7_. A machine gun fires 20 bullets per second into a target. Each bullet weighs 150 gms and has a
speed of 800 m/s. Calculate the force required to hold the gun in position? (Ans. F = 2400 N)

8_ A body of mass 1 kg is projected with velocity of 300 m/s from a tank of mass 100 kg. What is
the recoil velocity of the tank (Ans. V = 3 m/s)

9_. A bullet of mass 0.1 kg is fired with a speed of 100 m/sec, the mass of gun is 50 kg. What is the
recoil velocity of gun (Ans. V = 0.2 m/s)

10_. A bullet mass 10 gm is fired from a gun of mass 1kg. If the recoil velocity is 5 m/s, Find the
velocity of the muzzle (Ans. V = 500 m/s)

TYPE (I) : VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [01 MARK EACH]

1. An object experiences a net zero external unbalanced force. Is it possible for the object to be travelling
with a non-zero velocity? If yes, state the conditions that must be placed on the magnitude and direction
of the velocity. If no, provide a reason.

2. When a carpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it. Explain.

3. Why is it advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus with a rope?

TYPE (II) : SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [02 MARKS EACH]

4. A truck starts from rest and rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a distance of 400 m in
20 s. Find its acceleration. Find the force acting on it if its mass is 7 tonnes (Hint: 1 tonne = 1000 kg.)
(Ans. a = 2 m/s ; F = 14000 N)

5. A stone of 1 kg is thrown with a velocity of 20 m s–1 across the frozen surface of a lake and comes to rest
after travelling a distance of 50 m. What is the force of friction between the stone and the ice?
(Ans. f = – 4 N)

6. 8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg, along a horizontal track. If the engine exerts
a force of 40000 N and the track offers a friction force of 5000 N, then calculate: (a) the net accelerating
force; (b) the acceleration of the train; and (c) the force of wagon 1 on wagon 2.
(Ans. (a) 35000 N ; (b) a = 1.94 m/s2 (c) F = 15555 N)

7. An automobile vehicle has a mass of 1500 kg. What must be the force between the vehicle and road if the
vehicle is to be stopped with a negative acceleration of 1.7 m s–2? (Ans. F = 2550 N)

8. What is the momentum of an object of mass m, moving with a velocity v? (Ans. m  v)

14

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

9. Using a horizontal force of 200 N, we intend to move a wooden cabinet across a floor at a constant
velocity. What is the friction force that will be exerted on the cabinet? (Ans. f = 200 N)

10. Two objects, each of mass 1.5 kg, are moving in the same straight line but in opposite directions. The
velocity of each object is 2.5 ms–1 before the collision during which they stick together. What will be the
velocity of the combined object after collision? (Ans. v = 0)

11. According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes back on us with an
equal and opposite force. If the object is a massive truck parked along the roadside, it will probably not
move. A student justifies this by answering that the two opposite and equal forces cancel each other.
Comment on this logic and explain why the truck does not move

TYPE (II) : LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [04 MARKS EACH]

12. Hockey ball of mass 200 g travelling at 10 m s–1 is struck by a hockey stick so as to return it along its
original path with a velocity at 5 m s–1. Calculate the change of momentum occurred in the motion of the
hockey ball by the force applied by the hockey stick. (Ans. p = 3 kg m/s)

13. A bullet of mass 10 g travelling horizontally with a velocity of 150 m s–1 strikes a stationary wooden block
and comes to rest in 0.03 s. Calculate the distance of penetration of the bullet into the block. Also
calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the wooden block on the bullet. (Ans. F = 50 N)

14. An object of mass 1 kg travelling in a straight line with a velocity of 10 m s–1 collides with, and sticks to,
a stationary wooden block of mass 5 kg. Then they both move off together in the same straight line.
Calculate the total momentum just before the impact and just after the impact. Also, calculate the veloc-
ity of the combined object. (Ans. V = 1.67 m/s)

15. An object of mass 100 kg is accelerated uniformly from a velocity of 5 m s–1 to 8 m s–1 in 6 s. Calculate
the initial and final momentum of the object. Also, find the magnitude of the force exerted on the object
(Ans. F = 50 N)

TYPE (IV) : VERY LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [05 MARK EACH]

16. Akhtar, Kiran and Rahul were riding in a motorcar that was moving with a high velocity on an expressway
when an insect hit the windshield and got stuck on the windscreen. Akhtar and Kiran started pondering
over the situation. Kiran suggested that the insect suffered a greater change in momentum as compared
to the change in momentum of the motorcar (because the change in the velocity of the insect was much
more than that of the motorcar). Akhtar said that since the motorcar was moving with a larger velocity, it
exerted a larger force on the insect. And as a result the insect died. Rahul while putting an entirely new
explanation said that both the motorcar and the insect experienced the same force and a change in their
momentum. Comment on these suggestions.

17. How much momentum will a dumb-bell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls from a height of 80 cm?
Take its downward acceleration to be 10 m s–2. (Ans. p = 40 kg  m / s)

18. A hammer of mass 500 g, moving at 50 m s–1, strikes a nail. The nail stops the hammer in a very short
time of 0.01 s. What is the force of the nail on the hammer ? (Ans. F = – 2500 N)

19. A motorcar of mass 1200 kg is moving along a straight line with a uniform velocity of 90 km/h. Its velocity
is slowed down to 18 km/h in 4 s by an unbalanced external force. Calculate the acceleration and change
in momentum. Also calculate the magnitude of the force required. (Ans. F = – 600 N)

15

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SUBJECTIVE EASY, ONLY LEARNING VALUE PROBLEMS

SECTION (A) : FORCE & NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

A-1. What causes motion ?

A-2. Define force.

A-3. What are effects of forces

A-4. What do you mean by term inertia?

A-5. Name three types of inertia

A-6. Name the property of the bodies to resist the change in their velocities.

A-7. With which law of motion, the name of Galileo is associated ?

A-8. State Newton’s first law of motion .

SECTION (B) : MOMENTUM &NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

B-1. Define momentum of body.

B-2. What is S.. unit of momentum ?
B-3. Is momentum vector or scalar ?
B-4. Define one Newton force.
B-5. Name two quantities on which momentum of a body depends.
B-6. Two similar trucks are moving with same velocities on a road. One of them is loaded while another one is
empty than which of the two will require a larger force to stop it in same time ?
B-7. Explain meaning of the following equation F = ma where symbols have their usual meaning.
B-8. Explain how Newton’s second law of motion can be explained to define the unit of force and also name
the unit.

B-9. A 1000 kg vehicle moving with a speed of 20 ms-1 is brought to rest in a distance of 50 metre by applying
brakes:
(a) Find the acceleration.
(b) Calculate the unbalanced force acting on the vehicle.
(c) The actual force applied by the brakes will be slightly less than that calculated , why ? Give reasons.

B-10. Write the expression for impulse .

B-11. Name a quantity which has same unit as that of impulse.
B-12. Derive relation between impulse and momentum.

B-13. A 5 quintal car is moving with a velocity of 54 kmh-1. What is its impulse if it is stopped within 0.5s by
application of backward force ? Also determine the force applied.
16

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

SECTION (C) : NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION & CONSERVATION LAW OF LINEAR
MOMENTUM

C-1. Name the principle on which a rocket works ?

C-2. State action and reaction in the case when a bullet is fired from the gun.

C-3. What is total momentum of the gun and bullet just before firing ?

C-4. Explain one application of law of conservation of momentum.

C-5. Explain why it is difficult for a fireman to hold a hose, which ejects large amount of water at a high speed

C-6. State third law of motion. Give two examples in support of this law.

C-7. Firing a bullet from a gun, results in recoil of gun. Give reason.

C-8. Why, no force is required to move an object with a constant velocity ?

C-9. If someone jumps to the shore from a boat, the boat moves in the opposite direction. Explain why ?

C-10. (a) What is the physical principle involved in the working of a jet plane ?
(b) Do the action and reaction act on the same body or different bodies ? How are they related in
magnitude and direction ? Are they simultaneous or not ?

C-11. Two cars A and B are moving towards each other on a horizontal surface. The car A has mass 60 g and moves
towards the right with speed of 60 cms–1 The car B has a mass of 100 g and moves towards the left with a
speed of 20 cms–1. The two cars collide and get stuck to each other. With what velocity will they move after the
collision?

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

SINGLE CHOICE OBJECTIVE, STRAIGHT CONCEPT/FORMULA ORIENTED

SECTION (A) : FORCE & NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

A-1. If A and B are two objects with masses 10 kg and 30 kg respectively then :
(A) A has more inertia than B (B) B has more inertia than A
(C) A and B have the same inertia (D) none of the two have inertia

A-2. First law of motion defines :

(A) inertia (B) force
(C) both inertia and force (D) neither inertia nor force

A-3. Newton’s first law of motion is :

(A) qualitative (B) quantitative
(C) both qualitative and quantitative (D) neither qualitative nor quantitative

A-4. Inertia depends upon :

(A) acceleration of the body (B) velocity of the body
(C) shape of the body (D) mass of the body

A-5. Which of the following has largest inertia ?

(A) A pin (B) An ink pot (C) Your physics book (D) Your body

A-6. When a bus starts suddenly the passengers standing on it, lean backwards in the bus. This is an
example of :
(A) Newton’s first law (B) Newton’s second law
(C) Newton’s third law (D) none of Newton’s law

17

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

A-7. The law which defines force is :

(A) Newton’s third law (B) Newton’s first law
(C) Newton’s second law (D) none of these

A-8. Inertia of rest is the property by virtue of which the body is unable to change by itself :
(A) the state of rest only (B) the state of uniform linear motion
(C) the direction of motion only (D) the steady state of rest

A-9. An iron ball and aluminium ball has same mass :

(A) inertia of iron is greater than aluminium (B) both the ball have same inertia
(C) inertia of iron is less than that of Aluminium (D) none of these

A-10. Mass measures amount of ________ in a body :

(A) inertia (B) motion (C) velocity (D) acceleration

A-11. When an object undergoes acceleration

(A) Its speed always increases (B) Its velocity always increases
(C) It always falls towards the earth (D) A force always acts on it

A-12. An unbalanced force acts on a body. The body :

(A) Must remain in same state (B) Must move with uniform velocity
(C) Must accelerate (D) Must move along a circle.

A-13. For moving a body from rest or stopping a moving body, we need :
(A) Force (B) Mass (C) Direction (D) Time

A-14. A man sitting in a train in motion is facing the engine. He tosses a coin up, the coin falls behind him. The
train is moving :
(A) forward with uniform speed (B) backward with uniform speed
(C) forward with acceleration (D) forward with retardation

A-15. More force is required for moving a body with :

(A) More inertia (B) Less inertia (C) Equal inertia (D) None of these

A-16. When a branch of a tree is shaken, the fruits get separated from the tree due to inertia of :
(A) Rest (B) Motion (C) Direction (D) All of these

A-17. The tendency of the body to maintain its motion in a straight line is called inertia of :
(A) Motion (B) Rest (C) Direction (D) None of these

A-18. The water drops sticking to cycle tyre are found to fly off tangentially. This is due to inertia of :
(A) Rest (B) Motion (C) Direction (D) None of these

A-19. A body A has mass 5 kg. Now this is broken into 2 pieces. Is inertia of the two pieces combined more
than the inertia of A when it was not broken :
(A) Yes (B) No (C) May or may not be (D) None of these

SECTION (B) : MOMENTUM &NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

B-1 Newton’s second law of motion :

(A) defines force (B) defines inertia
(C) gives measure of force (D) none of these

B-2 Newton’s second law of motion is :

(A) qualitative (B) quantitative
(C) both qualitative and quantitative (D) neither qualitative nor quantitative

18

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

B-3 Momentum measures amount of _________ in a body:

(A) inertia (B) motion (C) velocity (D) acceleration

B-4 Force measures rate of change of _______ of a body:

(A) mass (B) inertia (C) velocity (D) momentum

B-5 C.G.S. unit of force is :

(A) m/s (B) s/m (C) dyne (D) Newton

B-6 Momentum has same unit as :

(A) impulse (B) torque (C) moment of force (D) couple

B-7 When force of 1N acts on mass of 1kg, which is able to move freely, the object moves with a /an :
(A) speed of 1 ms-1 (B) speed of 1 kms-1
-2
(C) acceleration of 10 ms (D) acceleration of 1ms-2

B-8 The net force acting on a body of mass of 1 kg moving with a uniform velocity of 5 ms-1 is :
(A) 5 N (B) 0.2 N (C) 0 N (D) None of these

B-9 A body of mass 20 kg moves with an acceleration of 2ms-2. The rate of change of momentum in S.I. unit is :
(A) 40 (B) 10 (C) 4 (D) 1

B-10 A body of mass M strikes against wall with a velocity v and rebounds with the same velocity. Its change
in momentum is :
(A) zero (B) Mv (C) –Mv (D) –2 Mv

B-11 Gram weight is a unit of :

(A) mass (B) weight (C) A and B both (D) neither A nor B

B-12 9.8 N is equal to :

(A) 1 kgf (B) 1 kgwt (C) A and B both (D) Neither A nor B

B-13 A body of mass 5 kg undergoes a change in speed from 20 m/s to 0.20 m/s. The momentum :
(A) increases by 99 kgm/s (B) decreases by 99 kgm/s
(C) increases by 101 kgm/s (D) decreases by 101 kgm/s

B-14 The combined effect of mass and velocity is taken into account by a physical quantity called :
(A) torque (B) moment of force (C) momentum (D) all of them

B-15 How many dynes are equal to 1N ?

(A) 106 (B) 104 (C) 105 (D) 103

B-16 Choose correct relation :

F
(A) a  (B) aF = m (C) m = F × a (D) none of these
m

B-17 Area of force time graph gives:

(A) Velocity (B) Acceleration
(C) Displacement (D) Impulse

B-18 Definition of force can be deduced from :

(A) newton’s first law (B) newton’s second law
(C) newton’s third law (D) any one of the above

19

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

B-19 A body of mass 50 kg moves with an acceleration of 4 m/s2. The rate of change of momentum in SI unit is :
(A) 100 N (B) 50 N (C) 200 N (D) 300 N

B-20 Momentum is increased when force is in the direction of:

(A) Velocity (B) Perpendicular to velocity
(C) Opposite to velocity (D) None of these

B-21 Kg weight is unit of :

(A) Mass (B) Weight (C) Both A and B (D) Neither A or B

B-22 1 kg wt is equal to :
(A) 9.8 N (B) 1 N (C) 5 N (D) 20 N

SECTION (C) : NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION & CONSERVATION LAW OF LINEAR
MOMENTUM

C-1 Forces of action and reaction are :

(A) equal and in same direction (B) equal and in opposite direction
(C) unequal and in same direction (D) unequal and opposite.

C-2 Forces of action and reaction act :

(A) one after the other on same body (B) simultaneously on same body
(C) one after the other on different bodies (D) simultaneously on different bodies

C-3 A man is standing on a boat in still water. If he walks towards the shore the boat will :
(A) move away from the shore (B) remain stationary
(C) move towards the shore (D) sink

C-4 If the action and reaction were to act on the same body :
(A) the resultant would be zero (B) the body would not move at all
(C) both A and B are correct (D) neither A nor B is correct

C-5 Consider two spring balances hooked as shown in the figure. We pull them in opposite directions. If the
reading shown by A is 1.5 N, the reading shown by B will be :

(A) 1.5 N (B) 2.5 N (C) 3.0 N (D) zero

C-6 Newton used, ‘quantity of motion’ for :

(A) momentum (B) force
(C) acceleration due to gravity (D) none of these

C-7 A cannon after firing recoils due to :

(A) conservation of energy (B) backward thrust of gases produced
(C) Newton’s first law of motion (D) Newton’s third law of motion

C-8 A Diwali rocket is ejecting 0.05 kg of gases per second at a velocity of 400 ms-1. The accelerating force
on the rocket is :
(A) 20 dyne (B) 20 Newton (C) 20 kg wt. (D) sufficient data not given

C-9 The forces of action and reaction have_____________ magnitude but___________________ direction :
(A) same, same (B) same, opposite (C) opposite, same (D) opposite, opposite

C-10 Choose correct statement :

(A) Action and reaction forces act on same object.
(B) Action and reaction forces act on different objects.
(C) A and B both are possible.
(D) Neither A nor B is correct.
20

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

C-11 China and glass wares are packed with soft material when transported. This is done to:
(A) Increase impulse (B) Reduce Impulsive force
(C) For cost cutting (D) None of these

C-12 A book of weight 10 N is placed on a table. The force exerted by the surface of the table on the book will
be :
(A) Zero (B) 10 N (C) 20 N (D) None of these

C-13 The vector sum of action and reaction :

(A) Is equal to zero (B) Is not equal to zero
(C) May or may not be equal to zero (D) None of these

C-14 If a moving ball A collides with another moving ball B, then :

(A) momentum of A = momentum of B
(B) (momentum A + momentum of B) before collision = (momentum A + momentum of B) after collision
(C) neither A nor B
(D) A or B both are possible

C-15 When a bullet is fired from a gun. The gun recoils due to:
(A) conservation mass (B) conservation of momentum
(C) conservation K.E (D) none of these

C-16 A bullet in motion hits and gets embedded in a solid resting on a frictionless table. What is conserved ?
(A) Momentum and K.E. (B) Momentum alone
(C) K.E. alone (D) None of these

C-17 A bullet of mass 0.01 kg is fired from a gun weighing 5.0 kg. If the initial speed of the bullet is 250 m/s,
calculate the speed with which the gun recoils :
(A) – 0.50 m/s (B) – 0.25 m/s (C) + 0.05 m/s (D) + 0.25 m/s

 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1 Which of the following class of forces is different from others ?

(A) Pulling of a cart (B) Stretching of a coiled spring
(C) Kicking of a football (D) Weight of the body

2. External forces are :

(A) always balanced (B) never balanced
(C) may or may not be balanced (D) none of these

3. When a body is stationary :

(A) There is no force acting on it
(B) The forces acting on it are not in contact with it
(C) The combination of forces acting on it balance each other
(D) The body is in vacuum
21

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

4. A body is in translatory equilibrium if :

(A) Resultant force on it is zero (B) It is at rest
(C) It is in uniform motion (D) All options are correct

5. A particle is in straight line motion with uniform velocity. A force is not required :
(A) To increase the speed (B) To decrease the speed
(C) To keep the speed constant (D) To change the direction

6. When a constant force is applied to a body, it moves with uniform :

(A) Acceleration (B) Velocity (C) Speed (D) Momentum

7. An object will continue accelerating until :

(A) Resultant force on it begins to decrease
(B) Its velocity changes direction
(C) The resultant force on it is zero
(D) The resultant force is at right angles to its direction of motion

8. When an object undergoes acceleration

(A) Its speed always increases (B) Its velocity always increases
(C) It always falls towards the earth (D) A force always acts on it

9. An unbalanced force acts on a body. The body :

(A) Must remain in same state (B) Must move with uniform velocity
(C) Must accelerate (D) Must move along a circle.

10. For moving a body from rest or stopping a moving body, we need :
(A) Force (B) Mass (C) Direction (D) Time

11. A constant force acts on a body of mass m at rest for t seconds and then ceases to act. In next t seconds
the body travels a distance x, magnitude of force is.

mx mx
(A) 2 (B) (C) mxt (D) mxt2
t t

12. A force of 10 N is applied on a body of 2 kg mass at rest . The distance travelled by the body in 2
sec. is:
(A) 10 m (B) 20 m (C) 30 m (D) 40 m

13. A truck and a car are moving with same kinetic energy. They are brought to rest by the application of
brakes which provide equal force.
(A) both will cover equal distance
(B) the truck will cover a greater distance
(C) the car will cover a greater distance
(D) none of the above.

14. Newton's third law of motion can be used to explain:

(A) Why the passengers in a bus tend to fall backward when its starts suddenly
(B) Swimming of a man
(C) Motion of a rocket
(D) Both (B) and (C).

22

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

15. Two blocks are kept in contact with each other on a smooth surface. The force on the lighter block and its
acceleration is : -
(A) 6 N, 1 m/s2
(B) 4 N, 1 m/s2 10N
6Kg
(C) 10 N, 1 m/s2 4Kg

(D) 0 N, 0 m/s2

16. A body of mass 'm' and velocity ‘u’ strikes a wall and rebounds with a velocity ‘v’. The change in
momentum is
(A) m (v – u) (B) m (u – v) (C) – m(v + u) (D) none of these

17. When the momentum of a body increases by 100% its kinetic energy increases by :
(A) 20% (B) 40% (C) 200% (D) 300%

18. A stationary ball weighing 0.25 kg acquires a speed of 10 m/s when hit by a hockey stick. The impulse
imparted to the ball is :
(A) 0.25 N × s (B) 2.5 N × s (C) 2 N × s (D) 0.5 N × s

19. It is required to increase the velocity of a scooter of mass 80 kg from 5 ms–1 to 25 ms–1 in 2 s. The force
required will be :
(A) 200 N (B) 600 N (C) 800 N (D) 100 N

20. A car of mass 1000 kg is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s and is acted upon by a forward force of 1000 N due
to engine and retarding force of 500 N. The velocity after 10 seconds will be :
(A) 10 m/s (B) 15 m/s (C) 20 m/s (D) zero

 Marked Questions can be used as Revision Questions.

NTSE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. A ball having total kinetic energy E is projected at an angle of 45º with the horizontal. Its kinetic energy
at the highest point of projection will be : (Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2005)
E E
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) E
2 2

2. The maximum and minimum magnitudes of the resultant of two forces are 17 newton and 7 newton
respectively, If these two forces are acting at right angle to each other, then the value of resultant of these
forces in newton will be : (Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2006)
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 24

3. Two bodies of masses m and 3m, moving with velocities 3v and v respectively along same direction,
collide with each other. After collision they stick together and move with a velocity V in the same direction.
Then: (Orissa/ NTSE Stage-I/2013)
3 4
(A) V = v (B) V = v (C) V = 2v (D) V = v
2 3

23

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

4. Which is not the unit of Force : (Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2013)

(A) Poundal (B) Dyne (C) Joule (D) Newton

5. The distance covered by a body moving along X-axis with initial velocity 'u' and uniform acceleration 'a' is
1
given by x = ut + at2 . This result is a consequence of: (Delhi/ NTSE Stage-I/2013)
2
(A) Newton's 1st law (B) Newton's 2nd law (C) Newton's 3rd law (D) None of the above

6. The mass of two bodies are 1 kg and 2 kg respectively and their kinetic energy are 1 J and 2 J respectively.
The ratio of their momentum is given by: (West Begal/ NTSE Stage-I/2013)
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 4 (C) 4 : 1 (D) 1 : 2

7. A single horizontal force F is applied to a block of mass M1 which is in contact with another block of mass
M2 as shown in the figure. If the surfaces are frictionless, the force between the block is :
(West Begal/ NTSE Stage-I/2013)
F M1 M
2

M1F M1M2F M2F M2F

(A) M (B) M  M (C) M  M (D) M
2 1 2 1 2 1

8. In the figure, the blocks AB,C of mass m each have accelerations a1, a2 and a3 respectively. "F1" and "F2"
are external forces of magnitude 2 mg and mg respectively. (Haryana/ NTSE Stage-I/2013)

m m
m C
B
m
2m
F1 = 2mg
F2=mg
(A) a1 = a2 = a3 (B) a1 > a3 > a2
(C) a1 > a2 > a3 (D) a1 > a2, a2 = a3

 
9. The force F is acting on an object of mass m. The direction of displacement ( r ) and force ( F ) of the
object is shown by an arrow to the right side. Work done by the force wil be:
(Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2014)
(A) positive
r
(B) negative
(C) zero
(D) either positive or negative F

10. A block is placed on a rough horizontal surface. A time dependent horizontal force F = kt acts on the
block, where k is positive constant. Acceleration time graph of the block is -
(Haryana/ NTSE Stage-I/2014)

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

24

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

11. The elongation of wire of length L is l . in the case of figure (i). The same wire elongation in case of figure
(ii) will be (pulley is light) (Haryana/ NTSE Stage-I/2014)

(A) 4 (B) 2 (C)  (D) /2

12. A parachutist of weight W strikes the ground with his legs fixed and come to rest with an upward accelera-
tion of magnitude 3g. Force exerted on him by the ground during landing is: (Delhi/ NTSE Stage-I/2013)
(A) W (B) 2W (C) 3W (D) None of the above

13. According to Newton’s Second law of Motion– (Madhya Pradesh/ NTSE Stage-I/2014)
m m
(A) f = m × v (B) f = m × a (C) f = (D) f =
a v

14. A person standing on the floor of a lift drops a coin. The coin reaches the floor of the lift in a time t1 if the
lift is stationary and in time t2 if its moving uniformly-Then : (Bihar/ NTSE Stage-I/2014)
(A) t1 = t2
(B) t1 < t2
(C) t1 > t2
(D) t1 < t2 or t1 > t2 depending on whether the lift is going up or down

15. Two objects are moving at a speed of 8m/sec. and 12 m/sec. respectively. If they are on the same surface
then the ratio of their potential energy will be : (Uttrakhand/ NTSE Stage-I/2015)
(A) 4 : 9 (B) 1 : 1 (C) 2 : 3 (D) None of the above

16. If the momentum of a moving body is increased by 50% then the kinetic energy will increased by :
(Uttrakhand/ NTSE Stage-I/2015)

(A) 100% (B) 125% (C) 150% (D) 200%

17. Which of the following situation is not possible: (Delhi/ NTSE Stage-I/2015)
(A) An object moving in certain direction with an acceleration in perpendicular direction.
(B) An object moving with constant acceleration but zero velocity.
(C) An object moving with variable speed and uniform velocity.
(D) None of the above

18. The momentum of an object at a given instant is independent of its : (Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2016)
(A) inertia (B) speed (C) velocity (D) acceleration.

19. Which law of newton gives the definition of force? (Gujrat/ NTSE Stage-I/2015)
(A) first law (B) second law (C) third law (D) fourth law

20. A body of mass 2kg is free to move along x-axis. It is at rest at t = 0. From t = 0 onward it is subjected
to a time-dependent force F(t) in x-direction. The variation of F with time is as shown.
F(t) (Haryana/ NTSE Stage-I/2016)

4N

4.5s
t
O 3s
2N

The change in momentum during journey is (in N-s) :

(A) 4.50 (B) 7.50 (C) 5.06 (D) 14.06
25

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

21. The linear momentum ‘p’ of a body having mass ‘m’ and kinetic energy ‘E’ is :
(West Bengal/ NTSE Stage-I/2015)
(A) p = 2mE (B) p = E / 2m (C) p = 2m / E (D) p= mE

22. A bullet of mass 10 gm moving with 100 m/s is embedded in a block of 1 kg which is initially in rest. The
final velocity of the system will be (Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2017)
(A) 1 m/s (B) 1.5 m/s (C) 0.5 m/s (D) 2 m/s

23. Which Newtons law of motion defines force ? (Gujrat/ NTSE Stage-I/2017)
(A) First (B) Second (C) Third (D) None

24. A bullet of mass 50 gm is horizontally fired with a velocity 100 ms-1 from a gun of mass 10 kg. What will
be the recoil velocity of the gun ? (Raj./ NTSE Stage-I/2018)
(A) 100 ms–1 (B) 500 ms–1 (C) 0.5ms–1 (4) Zero

25. The inertia of a body depends upon (Rajasthan NTSE Stage-1/2018)

(A) gravitational acceleration (B) centre of gravity of body
(C) shape of body (D) mass of body

26. What is the SI unit of momentum? (Gujarat NTSE Stage-1/2018)

(A) g ms–1 (B) g m2s–1 (C) kg ms–1 (D) kg ms–2

27. A dynamometer D is attached to two masses m1 = 3 kg & m2= 5 kg Forces of f1 = 9 N & f2 = 25

N are applied to the masses as shown: The dynamometer will read -
(Haryana NTSE Stage-1/2018)

(A) 10 N (B) 15 N (C) 14 N (D) 6 N

28. A packet of weight W was allowed to fall freely in a water tank with acceleration 'a' (<g). The
magnitude of resistance force offered by water is (Haryana NTSE Stage-1/2018)
g a  a  a
(A) W (B) W (C) W 1−  (D) W 1+ 
a g  g  g

29. A wooden plank of length 'L' rests on a frictionless floor. A boy of mass 'M' now runs over the
plank starting from its one end. If mass of wooden plank is M/5, the distance covered by the
boy relative to the ground will be (Haryana NTSE Stage-1/2018)
L 5L L 4L
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 6 5 5

26

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

BOARD LEVEL EXERCISE

TYPE (II) : SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

4. a = 2 m/s ; F = 14000 N 5. f=–4N

6. (a) 35000 N ; (b) a = 1.94 m/s2 (c) F = 15555 N 7. F = 2550 N

8. mv 9. f = 200 N 10. v =0

TYPE (II) : LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

12. p = 3 kg m/s 13. F = 50 N 14. V = 1.67 m/s

15. F = 50 N

TYPE (IV) : VERY LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

17. p = 40 kg  m / s 18. F = – 2500 N 19. F = – 600 N

EXERCISE - 1
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SUBJCTIVE EASY, ONLY LEARNING VALUE PROBLEMS

SECTION (B) : MOMENTUM &NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

B-9 (a) – 4 m/s2 (b) 4000 N (c) Because friction also apply force in opposite direction of motion.

B-13 Impulse = 7500 N-second and Backward Force = 15000 N

SECTION (C) : NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION & CONSERVATION LAW OF LINEAR
MOMENTUM

C-11 10 cms–1
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SINGLE CHOICE OBJECTIVE, STRAIGHT CONCEPT/FORMULA ORIENTED

SECTION (A) : FORCE & NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

A-1 (B) A-2 (C) A-3 (A) A-4 (D) A-5 (D) A-6 (A)

A-7 (B) A-8 (D) A-9 (B) A-10 (A) A-11 (D) A-12 (C)

A-13 (A) A-14 (C) A-15 (A) A-16 (A) A-17 (A) A-18 (C)

A-19 (B)

27

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES

 Rahul Pancholi Sir Unacademy Notes Target - NTSE

SECTION (B) : MOMENTUM &NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

B-1 (C) B-2 (B) B-3 (B) B-4 (D) B-5 (C) B-6 (A)

B-7 (D) B-8 (C) B-9 (A) B-10 (D) B-11 (B) B-12 (C)

B-13 (B) B-14 (C) B-15 (C) B-16 (A) B-17 (D) B-18 (A)

B-19 (C) B-20 (A) B-21 (B) B-22 (A)

SECTION (C) : NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION & CONSERVATION LAW OF LINEAR
MOMENTUM

C-1 (B) C-2 (D) C-3 (A) C-4 (C) C-5 (A) C-6 (A)

C-7 (D) C-8 (B) C-9 (B) C-10 (B) C-11 (B) C-12 (B)

C-13 (A) C-14 (B) C-15 (B) C-16 (B) C-17 (A)

EXERCISE - 2
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
SINGLE CHOICE OBJECTIVE, STRAIGHT CONCEPT/FORMULA ORIENTED

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. D C C D C A C C C C A A A D B
Que. 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. C D B C B

EXERCISE - 3
NTSE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. B C B C B D C B C D B A B A B
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Ans. B C D A A A A A C D C B C B

28

Referral Code - RALIVE For Updates Follow - t.me/RALIVES