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Class 9

HARDIK CLASS 9

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35 views5 pages

Class 9

HARDIK CLASS 9

Uploaded by

mhardik610
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLASS 9

Force and
Laws of
Motion
By Hardik Sir.
Topics to be Covered:-
 Force
 Galileo’s Analysis about Motion Newton’s
 Laws of motion

Rest and Motion:-

Rest:-An object is at rest if its position relative to its surroundings


doesn't change over time.

Motion:-An object is in motion if its position does change with time.

FORCE:-
“Force is defined as a push or pull on the body. ”

 Force is a vector quantity.


 Its SI Unit is Newton (N).
 Its CGS unit is dyne.

1 N = 100000 dyne

Effects of Forces:-

→ Force can make a stationary body move. e.g.: a football can be


set to move by kicking it i.e. by applying a force.
→ Force can stop a moving body. e.g., by applying brakes, a
running cycle or a running vehicle can be stopped.

→ Force can change the direction of a moving object. e.g: by


applying force i.e. by moving steering, the direction of a running
vehicle is changed.

→ Force can change the speed of a moving body. When you push a
swing, you apply force to make it go higher and faster.

→ Force can change the shape and size of an object. e.g.: by


hammering, a block of metal can be turned into a thin sheet. By
hammering, a stone can be broken into pieces.

Balanced Force:- Unbalanced force:-


1.When two or more forces act 1.When two or more forces act
on a body and produce a net on a body and produce a net force
force equal to zero, the forces not equal to zero, the forces are
are called balanced forces. called unbalanced force.

2.A balanced force does not 2.An unbalanced force can


produce
produce any change in the a change in the state of uniform
state of uniform motion or motion or rest of the body.
rest of the body.

3. A balanced force does not 3.An unbalanced force can


cause a body to accelerate. accelerate a body.

RESULTANT FORCE:-The resultant force is the total force acting


on an object when multiple forces are combined. It's also known as
the net force. The resultant force has the same effect on an object
as the original system of forces.

730 N 950 N
760 N
500 N 1050 N

Inertia:-
 Inertia is defined as a property of matter by which it tries to
maintain its state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight
line Inertia of an object is measured by its mass.

 Inertia is directly proportional to the mass. This means inertia


increases with increase in mass and decreases with decrease in
mass.

Inertia of Rest:An object stays at rest, and it remains at rest until an


external force affects it. Example: When a car accelerates,
passengers may feel as though their bodies are moving backwards.
In reality, inertia is making their bodies stay in place as the car
moves forward.

Inertia of Motion:An object will continue to be in motion until a


force acts on it. Example: A hockey puck will continue to slide
across the ice until acted upon by an outside force.

Important question:-

Q:-Why does a person standing in a bus fall backward when the bus
suddenly starts moving?

Ans:- Initially, both the bus and the person are at rest. When the
bus suddenly starts moving, the legs of the person move with the
bus, but the upper part of their body tends to remain at rest due to
inertia, causing them to fall backward if they are not alert.

Q:-Why does a person standing in a moving bus fall forward when


the driver suddenly applies the brakes?

Ans:-When the bus is moving, the person is also in motion along


with it. When the brakes are suddenly applied, the bus slows down
or stops abruptly, but the upper part of the person’s body tends to
remain in motion due to inertia, causing them to fall forward.

Why are seat belts used in cars and other vehicles?

Seat belts are used to prevent passengers from being thrown


forward in case of sudden braking or an accident. When the vehicle
stops suddenly, passengers tend to continue moving forward due to
inertia, and the seat belt restrains them and prevents injuries.

Why do we give many jerks to wet clothes before hanging them to


dry?

Jerks cause the water droplets in the clothes to separate from the
fabric. When the clothes are suddenly moved, the water droplets
tend to remain at rest due to inertia and fall out, reducing the
water content in the clothes and helping them dry faster.
Why does the coin fall into the glass tumbler when the card is
flicked away quickly?

The coin remains in its state of rest due to inertia. When the card is
flicked away quickly, the coin's inertia causes it to stay in place
while the card moves, so the coin falls straight down into the
tumbler.

Why does water spill when you turn around quickly holding a tray
with a water-filled tumbler?

The water tends to stay in its state of rest due to inertia. When the
tray is turned quickly, the water does not follow the motion of the
tray immediately, causing it to spill out.

Why is the head of a hammer tightened by banging the handle


against a hard surface?

When the handle is struck against a surface, the handle comes to


rest, but the head of the hammer, due to inertia, continues moving
downward and tightens onto the handle after repeated strikes.

Why does only the bottom coin move when a pile of coins on a
carom board is hit with a striker?

When the striker hits the pile of coins, only the bottom coin moves
due to the force applied, while the rest of the coins in the pile tend
to remain at rest due to inertia, causing them to drop vertically and
stay in place.

Newton’s First Law of Motion:-


Newton’s first law of motion states that:
A body remains in the state of rest or uniform motion in a straight
line unless and until an external force acts on it.
There are two conditions on which the 1st law of motion is
dependent: Objects at rest: When an object is at rest, velocity (v =
0) and acceleration (a = 0) are zero. Therefore, the object
continues to be at rest.
Objects in motion: When an object is in motion, velocity is not equal
to zero (v ≠ 0), while acceleration (a = 0) is equal to zero.
Therefore, the object will continue to be in motion with constant
velocity and in the same direction.

Newton’s First Law of Motion:


Examples:-
 A person standing in a bus falls backward when bus starts
moving suddenly.
 A person standing in a moving bus falls forward if driver applies
brakes suddenly.
 Before hanging the wet clothes over laundry line, usually many
jerks are given to the clothes to get them dried quickly.

MOMENTUM:-
Momentum is the quantity of motion an object has The product of
velocity and mass is called the momentum. Momentum is denoted
by ‘p’ .

p=mxv

where, p = momentum, m = mass of the object and v = velocity of


the object.

Impulse = (Force × time)

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