061-01-05 Distance

1. How many feet are there in 1 sm?

A - 3.280 ft
B - 5.280 ft
C - 6.080 ft
D - 1.000 ft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

2. How many feet are there in a nm?

A - 3.280 ft
B - 5.280 ft
C - 6.080 ft
D - 1.000 ft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

3. How many feet are there in a km?

A - 3.280 ft
B - 5.280 ft
C - 6.080 ft
D - 1.000 ft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

4. How many centimetres are equivalent to 36.25 inches?

A - 92.08 cm
B - 0.014 m
C - 14.27 cm
D - 11.05 cm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 5. How many feet are equivalent to 9.5 km?

A - 31.160 ft
B - 50.160 ft
C - 57.760 ft
D - 9.500 ft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

6. The International Nautical Mile defined by ICAO is equivalent to ___ m.

A - 1.582m
B - 1.652m
C - 1.852m
D - 1.962m

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

7. A nautical mile is:

A - 1609 metres
B - 1852 metres
C - 1012 metres
D - 1500 metres

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

8. The distance along a meridian between 63o55'N and 13o47'S is:

A - 3008 NM
B - 7702 NM
C - 5008 NM
D - 4662 NM

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
 9. What is the length of one degree of longitude at latitude 60o South?

A - 30 NM
B - 52 NM
C - 60 NM
D - 90 NM

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

10. What is the rhumb line distance, in nautical miles, between two positions on
latitude 60oN, that are separated by 10o of longitude?

A - 300 NM
B - 520 NM
C - 600 NM
D - 866 NM

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 061-01-02 The Earth

1. A great circle track joins position A (59oS 141oW) and B (61oS 148oW).
What is the difference between the great circle track at A and B?

A - it increases by 6o
B - it decreases by 6o
C - it increases by 3o
D - it decreases by 3o

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

2. The angle between the plane of the Equator and the plane of the Ecliptic is:

A - 66.5 deg
B - 23.5 deg
C - 25.3 deg
D - 65.6 deg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

3. Given:
Value for the ellipticity of the Earth is 1/297. Earth's semi-major axis, as
measured at the equator, equals 6378.4 km. What is the semi-minor axis (km)
of the earth at the axis of the Poles?

A - 6 356.9
B - 6 378.4
C - 6 367.0
D - 6 399.9

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

4. At what approximate latitude is the length of one minute of arc along a

meridian equal to one NM (1852 m) correct?

A - 45o
B - 0o
C - 90o
D - 30o
 Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

5. The maximum difference between geocentric and geodetic latitude occurs at

about:

A - 90o North and South

B - 60o North and South
C - 45o North and South
D - 0o North and South (equator)

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

6. What is the UTC time of sunrise in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

(49N 123 30W) on the 6th December?

A - 2324 UTC
B - 0724 UTC
C - 1552 UTC
D - 0738 UTC

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

7. The circumference of the Earth is approximately:

A - 43200 nm
B - 10800 nm
C - 21600 nm
D - 5400 nm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

8. In order to fly from position A (10o00N, 030o 00W) to position B (30o 00N),
050o00W), maintaining a constant true course, it is necessary to fly:

A - the great-circle route

B - the constant average drift route
C - a rhumb line track
D - a straight line plotted on a Lambert chart

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

 Ans: C

9. The diameter of the Earth is approximately:

A - 18 500 km
B - 6 350 km
C - 12 700 km
D - 40 000 km

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

10. At what approximate date is the earth closest to the sun (perihelion)?

A - End of June
B - End of March
C - Beginning of July
D - Beginning of January

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

11. In which two months of the year is the difference between the transit of the
Apparent Sun and mean Sun across the Greenwich Meridian the greatest?

A - March and September

B - February and November
C - June and December
D - April and August

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

12. What is a line of equal magnetic variation?

A - An isocline
B - An isogonal
C - An isogriv
D - An isovar

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
13. The circumference of the parallel of latitude at 60o N is approximately:

A - 10 800 NM
B - 18 706 NM
C - 20 000 NM
D - 34 641 NM

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

14. Parallels of latitude, except the equator are:

A - both Rhumb lines and Great circles

B - Great circles
C - Rhumb lines
D - are neither Rhumb lines nor Great circles

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

15. The angle between the plane of the ecliptic and the plane of equator is
approximately:

A - 27.5o
B - 25.3o
C - 23.5o
D - 66.5o

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

16. Given:
The coordinates of the heliport at Issy les Moulineaux are:
N48o50 E002o16.5
The coordinates of the antipodes are:

A - S41o 10 W177o 43.5

B - S48o50 E177o 43.5
C - S48o50 W177o43.5
D - S41o 10 E177o43.5

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C
17. An aircraft at latitude 02o20N tracks 180o(T) for 685 km. On completion of
the flight the latitude will be:

A - 03o50S
B - 04o10S
C - 04o30S
D - 09o05S

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

18. An aircraft departing A(N40 o 00'E080o00') flies a constant true track of 270o
at a ground speed of 120 kt. What are the coordinates of the position reached
in 6 HR?

A - N40o 00' E068o 10'

B - N40o 00' E064o 20'
C - N40o 00' E070o 30'
D - N40o 00' E060o 00'

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

19. If an aeroplane was to circle around the Earth following parallel 60oN at a
ground speed of 480 kt. In order to circle around the Earth along the equator
in the same amount of time, it should fly at a ground speed of:

A - 550 kt
B - 240 kt
C - 960 kt
D - 480 kt

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

20. The angle between the true great-circle track and the true rhumb-line track
joining the following points: A (60oS 165oW) B (60oS 177oE), at the place of
departure A, is:

A - 7.8o
B - 9o
C - 15.6o
D - 5.2o
Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
21. An aircraft flies the following rhumb line tracks and distances from position
04o00N 030o 00W: 600 NM South, then 600 NM East, then 600 NM North,
then 600 NM West. The final position of the aircraft is:

A - 04o00N 029o58W
B - 04o00N 030o02W
C - 04o00N 030o00W
D - 03o58N 030o02W

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

22. Which of the following statements concerning the earth's magnetic field is
completely correct?

A - Dip is the angle between total magnetic field and vertical field component
B - The blue pole of the earth's magnetic field is situated in North Canada
C - At the earth's magnetic equator, the inclination varies depending on
whether the geographic equator is north or south of the magnetic equator
D - The earth's magnetic field can be classified as transient semi-permanent
or permanent

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

23. What is the initial great circle direction from 45o N 14o12W to 45oN 12o48E?

A - 86.5o (T)
B - 80.4o (T)
C - 090o (M)
D - 270o (M)

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

24. You are flying from A (50n 10W) to B (58N 02E). What is the Convergency
between A and B?

A - 6.5o
B - 9.7o
C - 10.2o
D - 6.8o

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
25. Radio bearings:

A - are Rhumb lines

B - cut all meridians at the same angle
C - are Great circles
D - are lines of fixed direction

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

26. How many nm are equivalent to 1o of arc of latitude:

A - 1 nm
B - 15 nm
C - 60 nm
D - 600 nm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

27. The earth may be referred to as:

A - round
B - an oblate spheroid
C - a globe
D - elliptical

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

28. What is the standard formula for convergency?

A - Convergency = dial x sin mean latitude

B - Convergency = dial x cos mean latitude
C - Convergency - diong x cos mean latitude
D - Convergency = diong x sin mean latitude

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
29. A line which cuts all meridians at the same angle is called a:

A - Line of variation
B - Great circle
C - Rhumb line
D - Agonic line

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

30. A Parallel of Latitude is a:

A - Great circle
B - Rhumb line
C - Small circle
D - Meridian of tangency

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

31. The shortest distance between 2 point of the surface of the earth is:

A - a great circle
B - the arc of a great circle
C - half the rhumb line distance
D - Rhumb line

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

32. Conversion angle is:

A - convergency
B - 4 times convergency
C - twice convergency
D - 0.5 convergency

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
33. Generally what line lies closer to the pole?

A - Rhumb line
B - Orthodromic line
C - Equator
D - The rhumb line or great circle depending on the chart used

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

34. The Earth is:

A - A sphere which has a larger polar circumference than equatorial

circumference
B - A sphere whose centre is equidistant (the same distance) from the Poles
and the Equator
C - Considered to be a perfect sphere as far as navigation is concerned
D - None of the above statements is correct

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

35. At what time of the year is the Earth at its furthest point from the sun
(aphelion)?

A - Early July
B - Late December
C - Early January
D - Mid-June

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 061-04-05 Calculate DR elements

1. OAT = +35oC
Pressure alt = 5000 feet
What is true alt?

A - 4550 feet
B - 5550 feet
C - 4290 feet
D - 5320 feet

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

2. Given:
Airport elevation is 1000 ft
QNH is 988 hPa
What is the approximate airport pressure altitude?
(Assume 1 hPa = 27 FT)

A - 680 FT
B - 320 FT
C - 1680 FT
D - -320 FT

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

3. Your pressure altitude is FL 55, the QNH is 998, and the SAT is +30C. What
is Density Altitude?

A - 6980 feet
B - 7750 feet
C - 8620 feet
D - 10020 feet

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C
 4. You are on ILS 3o glideslope which passes over the runway threshold
at 50
feet. Your DME range is 25 nm from the threshold. What is your height above
the runway threshold elevation? (Use the 1 in 60 rule and 6000 feet = 1 nautical
mile)

A - 8010 feet
B - 7450 feet
C - 6450 feet
D - 7550 feet

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

5. Given:
FL 350
Mach 0.80
OAT -55oC
Calculate the values for TAS and local speed of sound (LSS)?

A - 461 kt, LSS 296 kt

B - 237 kt, LSS 296 kt
C - 490 kt, LSS 461 kt
D - 461 kt, LSS 576 kt

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

6. The pressure alt is 29000 feet and the SAT is -55C. What is density altitude?

A - 27500 feet
B - 26000 feet
C - 30000 feet
D - 31000 feet

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 7. You are flying at a True Mach No of 0.82 in a SAT of -45oC. At 1000
hours
you are 100 nm from the POL DME and your ETA at POL is 1012. ATC ask
you to slow down to be at POL at 1016. What should your new TMN be if you
reduce speed at 100 nm distance to:

A - M .76
B - M .72
C - M .68
D - M .61

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

8. Given:
TAS = 485 kt
OAT = ISA +10oC
FL 410
Calculate the Mach Number?

A - 0.85
B - 0.90
C - 0.825
D - 0.87

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

9. Given:
TAS 487 kt
FL 330
Temperature ISA + 15
Calculate the Mach Number?

A - 0.81
B - 0.84
C - 0.76
D - 0.78

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 10. A flight is to be made from A 49oS 180oE/W to B 58o S, 180o E/W. The
distance is kilometres from A to B is approximately:

A - 1222
B - 1000
C - 540
D - 804

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

11. An aircraft is at 10N and is flying South at 444 km/hour. After 3 hours the
latitude is:

A - 10S
B - 02N
C - 02S
D - 0N/S

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

12. Given:
Aircraft at FL 150 overhead an airport elevation of airport 720 ft
QNH is 1003 hPa
OAT at FL 150 -5oC
What is the true altitude of the aircraft? (Assume 1 hPa = 27 ft)

A - 15,840 ft
B - 15,280 ft
C - 14,160 ft
D - 14,720 ft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
 13. An aircraft takes off from the aerodrome of BRIOUDE (altitude 1 483
ft, QFE
= 963 hPa, temperature = 32oC). Five minutes later, passing 5,000 ft on QFE,
the second altimeter set on 1,013 hPa will indicate approximately:

A - 6,900 ft
B - 6,400 ft
C - 6,000 ft
D - 4,000 ft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

14. An aircraft maintaining a 5.2% gradient is at 7 NM from the runway, on a flat

terrain; its height is approximately:

A - 680 ft
B - 2210 ft
C - 1890 ft
D - 3640 ft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

15. Given:
Pressure Altitude 29,000 ft, OAT -55C.
Calculate the Density Altitude?

A - 27,500 ft
B - 31,500 ft
C - 33,500 ft
D - 26,000 ft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

16. An aircraft leaves point A (75N 50W) and flies due North. At the North Pole
it flies due south along the meridian of 65o 50E unit reaches 75N (point B).
What is the total distance covered?

A - 1,650 nm
B - 2,000 nm
C - 2,175 nm
D - 1,800 nm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

 Ans: D
17. Your true altitude is 5500 feet, the QNH is 995, and the SAT is +30oC. What
is Density Altitude:

A - 7080 feet
B - 8120 feet
C - 9280 feet
D - 9930 feet

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

18. Given:
Pressure Altitude = 29,000 ft
OAT = -50o
Calculate the Density Altitude

A - 26,000 ft
B - 27,000 ft
C - 31,000 ft
D - 33,500 ft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

19. Given:
M0.9
FL370
OAT -70C
Determine CAS:

A - 500 kts
B - 281 kts
C - 293 kts
D - 268 kts

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C
 061-05-03 Navigation in Cruising Flight, Use of Fixes to Revise
Navigation Data

1. Isogrivs on a chart indicate lines of:

A - zero magnetic variation

B - equal magnetic dip
C - equal horizontal directive force
D - equal grivation

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D

2. Given:
ETA to cross a meridian is 2100 UTC
GS is 441 kt
TAS is 491 kt
At 2010 UTC, ATC requests a speed reduction to cross the meridian at 2105
UTC. The reduction to TAS will be approximately:

A - 60 kt
B - 90 kt
C - 75 kt
D - 40 kt

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D

3. (Refer to Jeppesen Student Manual - chart E(LO)1 or figure 061-11)

What is the radial and DME distance from Connaught VOR/DME (CON,
5355N 00849W) to overhead Abbey Shrule aerodrome (5336N 00739W)?

A - 304 47 nm
B - 124 47 nm
C - 296 46 nm
D - 116 46 nm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B
 4. (Refer to Jeppesen Student Manual - chart E(LO)1 or figure 061-11)

You are on a heading of 105o, deviation 3 E WTD NDB (5211.3N 00705.0W)

bears 013R, CRK VOR (5150.4N 00829.7W) QDM is 211. What is your
position?

A - 5245N 00757W
B - 5228N 00802W
C - 5412N 00639W
D - 5217N 00745W

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B

5. An aircraft at FL 140, IAS 210 kt, OAT -5oC and wind component minus 35 kt,
is required to reduce speed in order to cross a reporting point 5 min later than
planned. Assuming that flight conditions do not change, when 150 NM from
the reporting point the IAS should be reduced by:

A - 25 kt
B - 20 kt
C - 30 kt
D - 15 kt

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B

6. An island appears 30o to the left of the centre line on an airborne weather radar
display. What is the true bearing of the aircraft from the island if at the time of
observation the aircraft was on a magnetic heading of 276o with the magnetic
variation 12oW?

A - 318o
B - 054o
C - 234o
D - 038o

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B
7. An aircraft is planned to fly from position A to position B, distance 480 NM at
an average GS of 240 kt. It departs A at 1000 UTC. After flying 150 NM
along track from A, the aircraft is 2 min behind planned time. Using the actual
GS experienced, what is the revised ETA at B?

A - 1203
B - 1206
C - 1153
D - 1157

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B

8. (Refer to Jeppesen Student Manual - chart E(LO)1 or figure 061-11)

Kerry (5210.9N 00932.0W) is 41 nm DME, Galway 5318.1N 00856.5W) is 50

nm DME. What is your position?

A - 5242N 00827W
B - 5230N 00834W
C - 5255N 00819W
D - 5219N 00809W

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B

9. Given:
Half way between two reporting points the navigation log gives the following
information:
TAS 360 kt
W/V 330o/80 kt
Compass heading 237o
Deviation on this heading -5o
Variation 19oW
What is the average ground speed for this leg?

A - 360 kt
B - 354 kt
C - 373 kt
D - 403 kt

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D
10. An aircraft at FL 310, M0.83, temperature -30o C, is required to reduce speed
in
order to cross a reporting point five minutes later than planned. Assuming that
a zero wind component remains unchanged, when 360 NM from the reporting
point Mach Number should be reduced to:

A - M 0.76
B - M 0.74
C - M 0.78
D - M 0.80

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B

11. TAS = 240 knots

The relative bearing from an NDB is 315R at 1410. At 1420 the bearing has
changed to 270R. What is your distance from the NDB at 1420?

A - 40 nm
B - 50 nm
C - 60 nm
D - 70 nm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: A

12. (Refer to Jeppesen Student Manual - chart E(LO)1 or figure 061-11)

An aircraft is on the 025 radial from Shannon VOR (SHA, 5243N 00853W) at
49 DME. What is its position?

A - 5329N 00930W
B - 5239N 00830W
C - 5229N 00930W
D - 5329N 00830W

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D
13. An aircraft at position 2700N 17000W travels 3000 km on a track of 180T,
then 3000 km on a track of 090T, then 3000 km on a track of 000T, then 3000
km on a track of 270T. What is its final position?

A - 2700N 17000W
B - 0000N 17000W
C - 2700N 17318W
D - 2700N 14300W

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: C

14. (Refer to Jeppesen Student Manual - chart E(LO)1 or figure 061-11)

What is the mean true track and distance from the BAL VOR (5318N
00627W) to CFN NDB (5520N 00820W)?

A - 328o 125
B - 148o 125
C - 328o 134
D - 148o 134

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: A

15. A pilot receives the following signals from a VOR DME station: radial 180o+/-
1o, distance = 200 NM. What is the approximate error?

A - +/- 3.5 NM
B - +/- 1 NM
C - +/- 2 NM
D - +/- 7 NM

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: A
16. An aircraft at FL 120, IAS 200 kt, OAT -5o and wind component +30 kt, is
required to reduce speed in order to cross a reporting point 5 min later than
planned. Assuming flight conditions do not change, when 100 NM from the
reporting point IAS should be reduced to:

A - 169 kt
B - 165 kt
C - 159 kt
D - 174 kt

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: C

17. An aircraft is planned to fly from position A to position B, distance 320 NM,
at
an average GS of 180 kt. It departs A at 1200 UTC. After flying 70 NM along
track from A, the aircraft is 3 min ahead of planned time. Using the actual GS
experienced, what is the revised ETA at B?

A - 1401 UTC
B - 1333 UTC
C - 1347 UTC
D - 1340 UTC

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B

18. (Refer to Jeppesen Student Manual - chart E(LO)1 or figure 061-11)

You are at position 5340N 00840W. What is the QDR from the SHA VOR
(5243N 00853W)?

A - 217
B - 037
C - 209
D - 029

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B
19. An aircraft is planned to fly from position A to position B, distance 250 NM at
an average GS of 115 kt. It departs A at 0900 UTC. After flying 75 NM along
track from A, the aircraft is 1.5 min behind planned time. Using the actual GS
experienced, what is the revised ETA at B?

A - 1110 UTC
B - 1115 UTC
C - 1044 UTC
D - 1050 UTC

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B

20. Given:
Distance A to B = 120 NM
After 30 NM aircraft is 3 NM to the left of course
What heading alteration should be made in order to arrive at point B?

A - 8o left
B - 6o right
C - 4o right
D - 8o right

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D

21. What is the Rhumb Line track from A (4500N 01000W) to B (4830N
01500W)?

A - 315 T
B - 330 T
C - 215 T
D - 150 T

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: A
22. A ground feature was observed on a relative bearing of 325o and five minutes
later on a relative bearing of 280o. The aircraft heading was 165o(M), variation
25oW, drift 10o right and GS 360 kt. When the relative bearing was 280o the
distance and true bearing of the aircraft from the feature was:

A - 30 NM and 240o
B - 40 NM and 110o
C - 40 NM and 290o
D - 30 NM and 060o

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: A

23. (Refer to Jeppesen Student Manual - chart E(LO)1 or figure 061-11)

What is the approximate course (T) and distance between Waterford NDB
(WTD, 5212N 00705W) and Sligo NDB (SLG, 5417N 00836W)?

A - 344o 139 nm
B - 164o 138 nm
C - 156o 136 nm
D - 336o 137 nm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D

24. An aircraft obtains a relative bearing of 315o from an NDB at 0830. At 0840
the relative bearing from the same position is 270o. Assuming no drift and a
GS of 240 kt, what is the approximate range from the NDB at 0840?

A - 50 NM
B - 40 NM
C - 60 NM
D - 30 NM

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B
25. Given:
Distance A to B is 100 NM
Fix obtained 40 NM along and 6 NM to the left of course
What heading alteration must be made to reach B?

A - 6o Right
B - 9o Right
C - 15o Right
D - 18o Right

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: C

26. Given:
Distance A to B is 90 NM
Fix obtained 60 NM along and 4 NM to the right of course
What heading alteration must be made to reach B?

A - 4o Left
B - 16o Left
C - 12o Left
D - 8o Left

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: C

27. The distance between positions A and B is 180 NM. An aircraft departs
position A and after having travelled 60 NM, its position is pinpointed 4 NM
left of the intended track. Assuming no change in wind velocity, what
alteration of heading must be made in order to arrive at position B?

A - 6o Right
B - 8o Right
C - 2o Left
D - 4o Right

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: A
28. The distance between two waypoints is 200 NM. To calculate compass
heading, the pilot used 2oE magnetic variation instead of 2o W. Assuming that
the forecast W/V applied, what will the off track distance be at the second
waypoint?

A - 0 NM
B - 7 NM
C - 14 NM
D - 21 NM

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: C

29. An aircraft at FL 370, M0.86, OAT -44oC, headwind component 110 kt, is
required to reduce speed in order to cross a reporting point 5 min later than
planned. If the speed reduction were to be made 420 nm from the reporting
point, what Mach Number is required?

A - M 0.79
B - M 0.73
C - M 0.75
D - M 0.81

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D

30. Given: Distance A to B is 475 NM, Planned GS 315 kt, ATD 1000 UTC, 1040
UTC - fix obtained 190 NM along track. What GS must be maintained from
the fix in order to achieve planned ETA at B?

A - 320 kt
B - 360 kt
C - 300 kt
D - 340 kt

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D
31. As the INS position of the departure aerodrome, co-ordinates 35o32.7N
139o46.3W are input instead of 35o 32.7N 139o46.3E. When the aircraft
subsequently passes point 52o N 180oW, the longitude value show on the INS
will be:

A - 080o27.4W
B - 099o32.6W
C - 099o32.6 E
D - 080o27.4 E

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B

32. Given:
Distance A to B 1973 NM
Groundspeed out 430 kt
Groundspeed back 385 kt
Safe endurance 7 hr 20 min
The distance from A to the Point of Safe Return (PSR) A is:

A - 1664 nm
B - 1698 nm
C - 1422 nm
D - 1490 nm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D

33. Given:
Distance A to B 2346 NM
Groundspeed out 365 kt
Groundspeed back 480 kt
The time from A to the Point of Equal Time (PET) between A and B is:

A - 167 min
B - 219 min
C - 260 min
D - 197 min

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B
34. You are flying from A (30S 20E) to B (30S 20W). What is the final GC
track?

A - 250o (T)
B - 270o (T)
C - 280o (T)
D - 300o (T)

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: C

35. Refer to figure 061-02)

What is the True bearing of point A from point B?

A - 000o
B - 090o
C - 270o
D - 360o

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: C

36. An aircraft at latitude 10o North flies south at a groundspeed of 445 km/hr.
What will be its latitude after 3 hrs?

A - 03o 50'S
B - 02o 00'S
C - 12o 15'S
D - 22o 00'S

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B
37. (Refer to figure 061-11)

Given:
CON VOR (N5354.8 W00849.1) DME 30 NM
CRN VOR (N 5318.1 W00856.5) DME 25 NM
Aircraft heading 270o(M)
Both DME distances decreasing

What is the aircraft position?

A - N5330 W00820
B - N5343 W00925
C - N5335 W00925
D - N5337 W00820

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: A

38. An island is observed to be 30o to the right of the nose of the aircraft.
The aircraft heading is 290o(M), variation 10o(E)
The bearing ( oT) from the aircraft to the island is:

A - 330
B - 270
C - 250
D - 310

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: A
 39. You are heading 080oT when you get a range and bearing fix from
your AWR
on a headland at 185 nm 30o left of the nose. What true bearing do you plot
on the chart?

A - 050 from the headland, using the headland's meridian

B - 050 from the headland, using the aircraft's meridian
C - 230 from the headland, using the headland's meridian
D - 230 from the headland, using the aircraft's meridian

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D

40. An aircraft starts from (S0400.0 W17812.2) and flies north for 2950 nm along
the meridian, then west for 382 nm along the parallel of latitude. What is the
aircraft's final position?

A - N45100 E172138
B - N53120 W169122
C - N45100 W169122
D - N53120 E172138

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: A

41. An aircraft at latitude S0612.0 tracks 000oT for 1667 km. On completion of
the flight the latitude will be:

A - S2112.0
B - N2112.5
C - N0848.0
D - N0914.0

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: C

42. An airraft departs from N0212.0 E0450.0 on a track of 180oT and flies 685
km. On completion of the flight the latitude will be:

A - S1112.5
B - S0813.0
C - S0357.0
D - S0910.5

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: C
43. A is at S4500.0 W01000.0
B is at S4500.0 W03000.0
The true course of an aircraft on its arrival at B, to the nearest degree is:

A - 263o
B - 270o
C - 277o
D - 284o

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: C

44. An aircraft at position 6010.0N 00512.2W flies 165 km due East. The
aircraft's new position is:

A - 6010.0N 00812.0E
B - 6010.0N 00212.4W
C - 6010.0N 00110.8E
D - 6010.0N 00110.8W

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: B

45. An aircraft at position 0000N/S 16327W flies a track of 225oT for 70 nm.
What is its new position?

A - 0049N 16238W
B - 0049S 16238W
C - 0049N 16416W
D - 0049S 16416W

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl;

Ans: D
 061-02-03 Principles; Direct & Remote Reading Compasses

1. In a remote indicating compass system the amount of deviation caused by

aircraft magnetism and electrical circuits may be minimised by:

A - positioning the master unit in the centre of the aircraft

B - the use of repeater cards
C - mounting the detector unit in the wingtip
D - using a vertically mounted gyroscope

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

2. The main advantage of a remote indicating compass over a direct reading

compass is that it:

A - is able to magnify the earth's magnetic field in order to attain greater

accuracy
B - has less moving parts
C - requires less maintenance
D - senses, rather than seeks, the magnetic meridian

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

3. The purpose of compass check swing is to:

A - cancel out the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field

B - cancel out the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field
C - measure the angle between Magnetic North and Compass North
D - cancel out the effects of the magnetic fields found on board the aeroplane

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

4. Which of the following is an occasion for carrying out a compass swing on a

Direct Reading Compass?

A - After an aircraft has passed through a severe electrical storm, or has been
struck by lightning
B - Before an aircraft goes on any flight that involves a large change of
magnetic latitude
C - After any of the aircraft radio equipment has been changed due to
unserviceability
D - Whenever an aircraft carries a large freight load regardless of its content

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

 Ans: A

5. Why are the detector units of slaved gyro compasses usually located in the
aircraft wingtips?

A - With one detector unit in each wingtip, compass deviations are cancelled
out
B - To isolate the detector unit from the aircraft deviation sources
C - To isolate the detector unit from the Earth's magnetic field
D - To reduce turning and acceleration errors

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

6. A direct reading compass should be swung when:

A - there is a large, and permanent, change in magnetic latitude

B - there is a large change in magnetic longitude
C - the aircraft is stored for a long period and is frequently moved
D - the aircraft has made more than a stated number of landings

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 7. The direct reading magnetic compass is made aperiodic (dead beat) by:

A - using the lowest acceptable viscosity compass liquid

B - keeping the magnetic assembly mass close to the compass point and by
using damping wires
C - using long magnets
D - pendulous suspension of the magnetic assembly

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

8. The main reason for usually mounting the detector unit of a remote indicating
compass in the wingtip of an aeroplane is to:

A - facilitate easy maintenance of the unit and increase its exposure to the
Earth's magnetic field
B - reduce the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and
electrical circuits
C - place it is a position where there is no electrical wiring to cause deviation
errors
D - place it where it will not be subjected to electrical or magnetic
interference from the aircraft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

9. The annunciator of a remote indicating compass system is used when:

A - synchronising the magnetic and gyro compass elements

B - compensating for deviation
C - setting local magnetic variation
D - setting the heading pointer

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 10. Which one of the following is an advantage of a remote reading
compass as
compared with a standby compass?

A - It senses the magnetic meridian instead of seeking it, increasing compass

sensitivity
B - It is lighter than a direct reading compass because it employs, apart from
the detector unit, existing aircraft equipment
C - it eliminates the effect of turning and acceleration errors by pendulously
suspending the detector unit
D - It is more reliable because it is operated electrically and power is always
available from sources within the aircraft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

11. An aircraft's compass must be swung:

A - if the aircraft has been in the hangar for a long time and has been moved
several times
B - if the aircraft has been subjected to hammering
C - every maintenance inspection
D - after a change of theatre of operations at the same magnetic latitude

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

12. The sensitivity of a direct reading magnetic compass is:

A - inversely proportional to the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic

field
B - proportional to the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field
C - inversely proportional to the vertical component of the earth's magnetic
field
D - inversely proportional to the vertical and horizontal components of the
earth's magnetic field

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
 13. What is the advantage of the remote indicating compass (slaved gyro
compass)
over the direct reading magnetic compass?

A - It is lighter
B - It is connected to a source of electrical power and so is more accurate
C - It senses the earth's magnetic field rather than seeks it, so is more
sensitive
D - It is not affected by aircraft deviation

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

14. The main reason for mounting the detector unit of a remote reading compass
in the wingtip of an aeroplane is:

A - to ensure that the unit is in the most accessible position on the aircraft for
ease of maintenance
B - by having detector units on both wingtips, to cancel out the deviation
effects caused by the aircraft structure
C - to minimise the amount of deviation caused by aircraft magnetism and
electrical circuits
D - to maximise the units exposure to the earth's magnetic field

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

15. The sensitivity of a direct reading compass varies:

A - inversely with the vertical component of the earth's magnetic

B - directly with the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field
C - directly with the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field
D - inversely with both vertical and horizontal components of the earth's
magnetic field

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

16. If compass HDG is 340o and deviation +3, what is magnetic heading?

A - Deviation is plus therefore East, so compass is least, so magnetic is 343o

B - Deviation is plus therefore West, so compass is least, so magnetic is 343o
C - Deviation is plus therefore East, so compass is best, so magnetic is 337o
D - Deviation is plus therefore East, so compass is best, so magnetic is 343o

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
17. If true HDG is 165o and variation -3 what is magnetic heading?

A - Variation is minus therefore West, so magnetic is best, so magnetic is

168o
B - Variation is minus therefore West, so magnetic is least, so magnetic is
162o
C - Variation is plus therefore East, so magnetic is best, so magnetic is 162o
D - Variation is plus therefore East, so magnetic is best, so magnetic is 168o

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

18. In still air, you wish to fly a true of 315o. Variation is 4oW. Deviation is 2oE.
What Compass heading should you fly?

A - 321
B - 313
C - 317
D - 309

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

19. Magnetic compass calibration is carried out to reduce:

A - deviation
B - variation
C - parallax error
D - acceleration errors

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

20. You are in the northern hemisphere, heading West, and the aircraft is
accelerating. Will a direct reading magnetic compass over-read or under-read
and is the compass indicating a turn to the north or to the south:

A - over-reads north
B - over- reads south
C - under-reads north
D - under-reads south

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
21. Concerning a Direct Reading Compass in the Northern Hemisphere, it can be
said:

A - On an easterly heading, a lateral acceleration produces an apparent turn to

the South
B - On an easterly heading, a longitudinal acceleration produces an apparent
turn to the North
C - On a westerly heading, a lateral acceleration produces an apparent turn to
the North
D - On a westerly heading, a longitudinal acceleration produces an apparent
turn to the South

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
 031-06-02 Floor load and running load limits
1. The maximum load per running metre of an aeroplane is 350 kg/m. The width
of the floor area is 2 metres. The floor strength limitation is 300 kg per square
metre. Which one of the following crates (length x width x height) can be
loaded directly on the floor?

A - A load of 700 kg in a crate with dimensions:

1.8m x 1.4m x 0.8m
B - A load of 500 kg in a crate with dimensions:
1.5m x 1m x 1m
C - A load of 400 kg in a crate with dimensions:
1.4m x 0.8m x 0.8m
D - A load of 400 kg in a crate with dimensions:
1.2m x 1.2m 1.2m

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

2. The maximum intensity floor loading for an aeroplane is given in the Flight
Manual as 650 kg per square metre. What is the maximum mass of a package
which can be safely supported on a pallet with dimensions of 80 cm by 80 cm?

A - 4160.0 kg
B - 1015.6 kg
C - 41.6 kg
D - 101.6 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 3. The floor of the main cargo hold is limited to 4000 N/m2. It is planned
to load a cubic container each side of which measures 0.5m. Its maximum
gross mass must not exceed: (assume g=10m/s2):

A - 5000 kg
B - 1000 kg
C - 500 kg
D - 100 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

4. (Refer to CAP 696 - Figure 4.9)

A pallet having a freight platform which measures 200 cm x 250 cm has a

total mass of 300 kg. The pallet is carried on two ground supports each
measuring 20 cm x 200 cm.

Using the loading manual for the transport aeroplane, calculate how much
mass may be added to, or must be off loaded from the pallet in order for the
load intensity to match the maximum permitted distribution load intensity for
lower deck forward cargo compartment.

A - 28.5 kg must be off-loaded

B - 285.5 kg may be added
C - 28.5 kg may be added
D - 158.3 kg must be off-loaded

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

5. The floor limit of an aircraft cargo hold is 5000 N/m2. It is planed to load-up
a
cubic container measuring 0.4m of side. Its maximum gross mass must not
exceed: (assume g=10m/s2):

A - 80 kg
B - 800 kg
C - 32 kg
D - 320 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 6. The maximum floor loading for a cargo compartment in an aeroplane is
given as
750 kg per square metre. A package with a mass of 600 kg is to be located.
Assuming the pallet base is entirely in contact with the floor, which of the
following is the minimum size pallet that can be used?

A - 40 cm by 200 cm
B - 30 cm by 300 cm
C - 30 cm by 200 cm
D - 40 cm by 300 cm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

7. (Refer to CAP 696 or figure 031_4-9)

A box having dimensions of 1 metre by 1.2 metres by 0.8 metres, weighing

600 kgs is loaded and secured onto a 4 ft square pallet weighing 30 kg. Using
the information on CAP 696 Figure 4.9 where could the pallet be positioned?

A - In the aft position of the aft cargo compartment

B - In the aft position of the forward cargo compartment
C - In the mid position of the aft cargo compartment
D - In the forward position of the forward cargo compartment

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

8. If a compartment takes a maximum load of 500 kg, with a running load of 350
kg/m and a distribution load of 300 kg/m2 max. Which of the following 500
kg boxes can be carried?

1. 100 cm x 110 cm x 145 cm

2. 125 cm x 135 cm x 142 cm
3. 120 cm x 140 cm x 143 cm
4. 125 cm x 135 cm x 144 cm

A - any one of the boxes if loaded with due care as to its positioning
B - any of boxes 2, 3 and 4 in any configuration
C - box 2 with its longest length perpendicular to the floor cross beam or box
3 in any configuration
D - either of boxes 3 and 4 with their longest length parallel to the aircraft
longitudinal axis

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
9. The maximum floor loading on a baggage compartment floor is 120 lb per
square foot. If the surface area in contact with the floor is 4 ft x 2 ft x 6 inches
and the mass of the total load is 1220 lb, the actual floor loading on this
aircraft is:

A - 120 lb per square foot

B - 122 lb per square foot
C - 10 lb per square foot
D - 11 lb per square foot

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

10. The maximum floor loading on a baggage compartment floor is 120 lb per
square foot. If the surface area in contact with the floor is 4 ft x 3 ft and the
mass of the total load is 1320 lb, the actual floor loading on this aircraft is:

A - 120 lb per square foot

B - 110 lb per square foot
C - 10 lb per square foot
D - 11 lb per square foot

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

11. The baggage compartment of a particular helicopter is 1.1m wide by 1.4m

long and has a maximum floor loading of 300 kg per square metre. What is
the maximum mass capacity of the baggage compartment (limited by
maximum floor load only):

A - 462 kg
B - 195 kg
C - 750 kg
D - 120 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 12. The baggage compartment of a particular helicopter is 1.2m wide by
1.4m
long and has a maximum floor loading of 500 kg per square metre. What is
the maximum capacity of the baggage compartment limited by maximum floor
load only:

A - 298 kg
B - 1300 kg
C - 840 kg
D - 192 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

13. The baggage compartment of a particular helicopter is 1.2m wide by 2.4m

long and has a maximum floor loading of 520 kg per square metre. What is
the maximum mass capacity of the baggage compartment (limited by
maximum floor load only):

A - 181 kg
B - 1872 kg
C - 1497 kg
D - 144 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

14. The baggage compartment of a particular helicopter is 2.2m wide by 1.4m

long and has a maximum floor loading of 480 kg per square metre. What is
the maximum capacity of the baggage compartment limited by maximum floor
load only:

A - 1478 kg
B - 156 kg
C - 1728 kg
D - 133 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 031-05-03 Intentional re-positioning of CG
1. An additional baggage container is loaded into the aft cargo compartment but
is not entered into the load and trim sheet. The aeroplane will be heavier
than expected and calculated take-off safety speeds:

A - are unaffected but V1 will be increased

B - will not be achieved
C - will be greater than required
D - will give reduced safety margins

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

2. Given:

Total mass: 7500 kg

Centre of gravity (cg) location station 80.5
Aft cg limit station: 79.5

How much cargo must be shifted from the aft cargo compartment at station
150 to the forward cargo compartment at station 30 in order to move the cg
location to the aft limit?

A - 65.8 kg
B - 62.5 kg
C - 68.9 kg
D - 73.5 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

3. A mass of 500 kg is loaded at a station which is located 10 metres behind the

present Centre of Gravity and 16 metres behind the datum. The moment for
that mass used in the loading manifest is (Assume: g=10 m/s^2):

A - 30000 nm
B - 50000 nm
C - 80000 nm
D - 13000 nm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C
4. Given:

Aeroplane mass = 36000 kg

Centre of gravity (cg) is located at station 17m

What is the effect on cg location if you move 20 passengers (total mass = 1600
kg) from station 16 to station 23?

A - It moves aft by 3.22 m

B - It moves forward by 0.157 m
C - It moves aft by 0.31 m
D - It moves aft by 0.157 m

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

5. Assume:

Aeroplane gross mass: 4750 kg

Centre of gravity at station: 115.8

What will be the new position of the centre of gravity if 100 kg is moved from
the station 30 to station 120?

A - Station 118.25
B - Station 118.33
C - Station 120.22
D - Station 117.69

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

6. Given:
Total mass: 2900 kg
Centre of gravity (cg) location station 115.0
Aft cg limit station: 116.0

The maximum mass that can be added at station 130.0 is:

A - 140 kg
B - 317 kg
C - 207 kg
D - 14 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C
7. The mass of an aeroplane is 1950 kg. If 450 kg is added to a cargo hold 1.75
metres from the loaded centre of gravity (cg). The loaded cg will move:

A - 40 cm
B - 33 cm
C - 30 cm
D - 34 cm

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

8. Length of the mean aerodynamic chord: 1m

Moment arm of the forward cargo: -0,50m
Moment arm of the aft cargo: +2,50m
The aircraft mass is 2200 kg and its centre of gravity is at 25% MAC

To move the centre of gravity to 40%, which mass has to be transferred from
the forward to the aft cargo hold?

A - 110 kg
B - 180 kg
C - 165 kg
D - 104 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

9. The total mass of an aeroplane is 9000 kg. The centre of gravity (cg) position
is at 2.0m from the datum line. The aft limit for cg is at 2.1m from the datum
line.

What mass of cargo must be shifted from the front cargo hold (at 0.8m from
the datum) to the aft hold (at 3.8m), to move the cg to the aft limit?

A - 30.0 kg
B - 900 kg
C - 300 kg
D - 196 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C
 10. Given that the total mass of an aeroplane is 112000 kg with a centre of
gravity position at 22.62m aft of the datum. The centre of gravity limits are
between 18m and 22m. How much mass must be removed from the rear hold
(30m aft of the datum) to move the centre of gravity to the middle of the
limits:

A - 43120 kt
B - 16529 kg
C - 8680 kg
D - 29344 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

11. If 390 lbs of cargo are moved from compartment B (aft) to compartment A
(forward), what is the station number of the new centre of gravity (CG)?

Given:

Gross mass: 116500 lbs

Present CG station: 435.0
Compartment A station: 285.5
Compartment B station: 792.5

A - 463.7
B - 506.3
C - 436.7
D - 433.3

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

12. (Refer to figure 031_8-1)

The total mass of an aeroplane is 145000 kg and the centre of gravity limits
are between 4.7m and 6.9m aft of the datum. The loaded centre of gravity
position is 4.4m aft. How much mass must be transferred from the front to the
rear hold in order to bring the out of limit centre of gravity position to the
foremost limit?

A - 3500 kg
B - 35000 kg
C - 62500 kg
D - 7500 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
13. (Refer to figure 031_8-3)

A jet aeroplane, with the geometrical characteristics shown in the appendix,

has a take-off weight (W) of 460000 N and a centre of gravity (point G on
annex) located at 15.40m from the zero reference point.

At the last moment the station manager has 12000 N of freight added in the
forward compartment at 10m from the zero reference point. The final location
of the centre of gravity, calculated in percentage of mean aerodynamic chord
AB (from point A), is equal to:

A - 30.5%
B - 35.5%
C - 27.5%
D - 16.9%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

14. (Refer to figure 031_8-4)

An aeroplane, whose specific data is shown in the annex, has a planned take-
off mass of 200000 kg, with its centre of gravity (CG) is located at 15.38m
rearward of the reference point, representing a CG location at 30% MAC
(Mean Aerodynamic Chord). For performance purposes, the captain decides
to reset the value of the centre of gravity location to 35% MAC. The front and
rear cargo compartments are located at a distance of 15m and 25m from the
reference point respectively, the cargo load mass which needs to be transferred
from the front to the rear cargo compartment is:

A - 5600 kg
B - 3600 kg
C - It is not possible to establish the required centre of gravity location
D - 4600 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
 15. (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L502)

The planned take-off mass of an aeroplane is 190000 kg, with its centre of
gravity located at 29% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord).

Shortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that an
additional load of 4000 kg must be loaded in cargo 4. After loading this
cargo, the new centre of gravity location will be:

A - 255
B - 27%
C - 31%
D - 33%

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: D

16. (Refer to figure 031_8-4)

An aeroplane has a planned take-off mass of 200000 kg, with its centre of
gravity (CG) located at 15.38m rearward of the reference point, representing a
CG location at 30% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord). The current cargo
load distribution is:

FRONT cargo: 6500 kg

REAR cargo: 4000 kg

For performance purposes, the captain decides to reset the value of the centre
of gravity location to 33% MAC. The front and rear cargo compartments are
located at a distance of 15m and 25m from the reference point respectively.
After the transfer operation, the new cargo load distribution is:

A - front cargo: 9260 kg: rear cargo: 1240 kg

B - front cargo: 3740 kg: rear cargo: 6760 kg
C - front cargo: 6760 kg: rear cargo: 3750 kg
D - front cargo: 4540 kg: rear cargo: 5950 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
 17. The planned take-off mass of a turbojet aeroplane is 190000 kg, with
its centre of gravity located at 29% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord).
Shortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that 4000
kg must be unloaded from cargo 4 (23.89 m aft of the reference point).

Given:
Distance from reference point to leading edge: 14m
Length ofo MAC = 4.6m

After the handling operation, the new centre of gravity location in % MAC
will be:

A - 31%
B - 25%
C - 33%
D - 27%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

18. The planned take-off mass of a turbojet aeroplane is 180000 kg with its centre
of gravity located at 26% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord). Shortly prior to
engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that 4000 kg must be
unloaded from cargo 4 (23.69 m aft of reference point).

Given:
Distance from reference point to leading edge: 14m
Length of MAC = 4.6m

After the handling operation, the new centre of gravity location in % MAC
will be:

A - 23.0%
B - 21.8%
C - 20.0%
D - 30.2%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
 19. A turbojet aeroplane has a planned take-off mass of 190000 kg.
Following
cargo l loading, the crew is informed that the centre of gravity at take-off is
located at 38% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord) which is beyond limits.
The captain decides then to re-distribute part of the cargo load between cargo
1 (3.5m from reference point) and cargo 4 (20.39m from reference pont) in
order to obtain a new centre of gravity location at 31% MAC.

Given:
Distance from reference point to leading edge: 14m
Length of MAC = 4.6m

He asks for a transfer of:

A - It is not possible to obtain the required centre of gravity

B - 3000 kg from cargo 4 to cargo 1
C - 2000 kg from cargo 4 to cargo 1
D - 1000 kg from cargo 4 to cargo 1

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

20. A turbojet aeroplane has a planned take-off mass of 190000 kg. The cargo
load is distributed as follows:

Cargo 1: 3000 kg (3.50m from reference point)

Cargo 4: 7000 kg (20.39m from reference point)

Distance from reference point to leading edge: 14m

Length of MAC = 4.6m

Once the cargo loading is completed, the crew is informed that the centre of
gravity at take-off is located at 38% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord) which
is beyond the limits. The captain decides then to re-distribute part of the cargo
load between cargo 1 and cargo 4 in order to obtain a new centre of gravity
location at 31% MAC. Following the transfer operation, the new load
distribution is:

A - cargo 1: 5000 kg
cargo 4: 4000 kg
B - cargo 1: 4000 kg
cargo 4: 5000 kg
C - cargo 1: 6000 kg
cargo 4: 4000 kg
D - cargo 1: 4000 kg
cargo 4: 6000 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

 Ans: C
21. (Refer to CAP 696 figures 3-1 and 3-2)

C of G limits from datum = 82.0 - 94.6 inches

Arm from datum to baggage zone 1 = 22.5 inches
Arm from datum to baggage zone 4 = 178.7 inches
Loaded C of G = 96.6 inches
Total weight of loaded aircraft = 3400 lb
Freight equally distributed between baggage zones 1 and 4

The weight of freight to be moved between baggage zones to bring the aircraft
into balance is:

A - 44 lbs from zone 4 to zone 1

B - 83 lbs from zone 1 to zone 4
C - 44 lbs from zone 1 to zone 4
D - 83 lbs from zone 4 to zone 1

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: A

22. The CG of an aircraft is 980 inches aft of datum at an all up mass of 170500 lbs.
If 800 lbs of baggage is moved from FS 1130 to FS 430 the new C of G will be:

A - 975.99 in
B - 976.72 in
C - 979.75 in
D - 977.62 in

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

23. (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L502)

The planned take-off mass of an aeroplane is 180000 kg, with its centre of
gravity located at 31% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord). Shortly prior to
engine start, the local staff informs the crew that an additional load of 4000 kg
must be loaded in cargo 1. After loading this cargo, the new centre of gravity
location will be:

A - 34%
B - 25%
C - 28%
D - 37%

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: B
24. (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L502)

A turbojet aeroplane is parked with the following data:

Corrected Dry Operating Mass: 110100 kg

Basic corrected index: 118.6

Initial cargo distribution:

Cargo 1: 4000 kg
Cargo 2: 2000 kg
Cargo 3: 2000 kg
The other cargo compartments are empty.

Take-off mass: 200,000 kg

Centre of gravity location: 32% MAC

To maximise performance, the captain decides to re-distribute part of the

cargo load between cargo 1 and cargo 4, in order to take off with a new centre
of gravity location at 35% MAC. After loading, the new load distribution
between cargo 1 and cargo 4 is:

A - 2000 kg in cargo 1; 2000 kg in cargo 4

B - 1000 kg in cargo 1; 3000 kg in cargo 4
C - 500 kg in cargo 1 ; 500 kg in cargo 4
D - 3000 kg in cargo 1; 1000 kg in cargo 4

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: C
25. (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L502)

A turbojet aeroplane is parked with the following data:

Corrected dry operating mass: 110,100 kg

Basic corrected index: 118.6

Initial cargo distribution:

Cargo 1: 4000 kg
Cargo 2: 2000 kg
Cargo 3: 2000 kg
Other cargo compartments are empty

Take-off mass: 200,000 kg

Centre of gravity (CG) location: 32%

For performance reasons, the captain decides to re-distribute part of the cargo
loading between cargo compartments, in order to take off with a new CG,
location of 34%. He asks for a transfer of:

A - 1000 kg from cargo 1 to cargo 4

B - 500 kg from cargo 1 to cargo 3
C - 1000 kg from cargo 3 to cargo 1
D - 500 kg from cargo 3 to cargo 1

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: A

26. (Refer to Figures 8-14)

The weight and balance sheet is available and contrary to the forecast, cargo
compartment 1 is empty.

The zero fuel weight centre of gravity in MAC% (Mean Aerodynamic Chord)
is located at:

A - 31.5%
B - 26%
C - 35.5%
D - 32%

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: C
27. (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L502)

The planned take-off mass of an aeroplane is 190000 kg, with its centre of
gravity located at 29% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord). Shortly prior to
engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that an additional load of
4000 kg must be loaded in cargo 4. After loading this cargo, the new centre of
gravity location will be:

A - 25%
B - 27%
C - 31%
D - 33%

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: D

28. (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L501)

A turbojet aeroplane has a planned take-off mass of 190000 kg. The cargo
load is distributed as follows:

Cargo 1: 3000 kg
Cargo 4: 7000 kg

Once the cargo loading is completed, the crew is informed that the centre of
gravity at takeoff is located at 38% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord) which
is beyond the limits. The captain decides then to re-distribute part of the cargo
load between cargo 1 and cargo 4 in order to obtain a new centre of gravity
location at 31% MAC. Following the transfer operation, the new load
distribution is:

A - cargo 1: 5000 kg: cargo 4: 4000 kg

B - cargo 1: 4000 kg: cargo 4: 5000 kg
C - cargo 1: 6000 kg: cargo 4: 4000 kg
D - cargo 1: 4000 kg: cargo 4: 6000 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: C
 29. (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L501)

A turbojet aeroplane has a planned take-off mass of 180,000 kg. Following

cargo loading, the crew is informed that the centre of gravity at take-off is
located at 38% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord) which is beyond limits.
The captain decides then to re-distribute part of the cargo load between cargo
1 and cargo 4 in order to obtain a new centre of gravity location at 31% MAC.
He asks for a transfer of:

A - It is not possible to obtain the required centre of gravity

B - 3000 kg from cargo 4 to cargo 1
C - 2000 kg from cargo 4 to cargo 1
D - 1000 kg from cargo 4 to cargo 1

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: B

30. (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L502)

The planned take-off mass of a turbojet aeroplane is 180,000 kg with its centre
of gravity located at 26% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord). Shortly prior to
engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that 4000 kg must be
unloaded from cargo 4. After the handling operation, the new centre of
gravity location in % MAC will be:

A - 23.0%
B - 21.8%
C - 20.0%
D - 30.2%

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: B
 31. (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L502)
The planned take-off mass of a turbojet aeroplane is 190,000 kg, with its
centre of gravity located at 29% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord). Shortly
prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that 4000 kg must
be unloaded from cargo 4. After the handling operation, the new centre of
gravity location in % MAC will be:

A - 31%
B - 25%
C - 33%
D - 27%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

32. (Refer to figure 031_8-4)

An aeroplane, whose specific data is shown in the annex, has a planned take-
off mass of 200,000 kg, with its centre of gravity (CG) located at 15.38m
rearward of the reference point, representing a CG, location at 30% MAC
(Mean Aerodynamic Chord). The current cargo load distribution is:

Front cargo: 6500 kg

Rear cargo: 4000 kg

For performance purposes, the captain decides to reset the value of the centre
of gravity location to 33% MAC. The front and rear cargo compartments are
located at a distance of 15m and 25m from the reference point respectively.
After the transfer operation, the new cargo load distribution is:

A - front cargo: 9260 kg: rear cargo: 1240 kg

B - front cargo: 3740 kg: rear cargo: 6760 kg
C - front cargo: 6760 kg: rear cargo: 3740 kg
D - front cargo: 4550 kg: rear cargo: 5950 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
 33. (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L502)

A turbojet aeroplane is parked with the following data:

Corrected Dry Operating Mass: 110,100 kg

Basic corrected index: 118.6
Take-off mass: 200,000 kg
Centre of gravity location: 32% MAC

Initial cargo distribution:

Cargo 1: 4000 kg
Cargo 2: 2000 kg
Cargo 3: 2000 kg
Cargo 4: Empty
Cargo 5: Empty

To maximise performance, the captain decides to re-distribute part of the

cargo load between cargo 1 and cargo 4, in order to take off with a new centre
of gravity location at 35% MAC. After loading, the new load distribution
between cargo 1 and cargo 4 is:

A - 3000 kg in cargo 1: 1000 kg in cargo 4

B - 1000 kg in cargo 1: 3000 kg in cargo 4
C - 2500 kg in cargo 1; 500 kg in cargo 4
D - 2000 kg in cargo 1; 2000 kg in cargo 4

Ref: AIR: atpl

Ans: C

34. An aircraft's mass is 22,000 kg and the centre of gravity is 1.5m aft of datum.
What would be the new centre of gravity if 1500 kg were transferred from the
rear hold 15m aft of datum to the forward hold 12m forward of datum?

A - 0.34m fwd of datum

B - 0.14m fwd of datum
C - 1.84m aft of datum
D - 1.84m fwd of datum

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 35. Given the following information, how much mass (to the nearest lb)
has to be
transferred from the front hold, the centroid of which is 20 ft forward of the
atum, to the rear hold 40 ft aft of the datum to bring the centre of gravity
ithin limits?

Aircraft mass: 2500 lbs

Total moment: 8000 lb. ft
Centre of gravity range from 0.5 ft to 2.0 ft fwd of datum

A - 50 lbs
B - 112 lbs
C - 1120 lbs
D - 500 lbs

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

36. An aircraft has a taxi mass of 30,000 kg and its centre of gravity is 21.69m aft
of datum. What would be the new centre of gravity if 1,000 kg were moved
30m forward from hold 2 to hold 1?

A - 20.69m
B - 22.69m
C - 19.78m
D - 21.78m

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

37. The loaded mass of an aircraft is 33,000 lbs, and the centre of gravity is 3 feet
aft of the Datum. How many lbs of freight can be added to the freight hold 1
foot forward of datum to bring the centre of gravity towards the forward limit
of 2 feet aft of Datum for take-off if the maximum take-off mass is 40,000 lbs:

A - 11,000 lbs
B - 33,000 lbs
C - 4,000 lbs
D - 7,000 lbs

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
 38. If the loaded mass is 28,220 kg how much load should be transferred
9.16m
forward from No. 2 hold to the No. 1 hold in order to move the centre of
gravity of an aircraft from the out of limits value of 13 metres aft to the
forward limits value of 11.6 metres aft?

A - 590 kg
B - 1790 kg
C - 2980 kg
D - 4160 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

39. An aircraft is loaded to a mass of 25000 lbs. A passenger weighing 150 lb

moves back 10 seat rows, a distance of 330 inches. The centre of gravity will
move:

A - 0.5" rearward
B - 2.00" rearward
C - 5.00" rearward
D - 2.00" forward

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

40. Assuming that an aircraft CG has to remain within limits, what is the
maximum weight which could be added to a cargo hold located at station 125,
if the CG is at station 85 and the aft limit is positioned at station 100. The
aircraft loaded weight is 5000 lbs.

A - 3000 lbs
B - 1687.5 lbs
C - 1800.7 lbs
D - 1945 lbs

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 41. An aircraft has a CG located at 200 cm aft of datum and an AUM of
50,000
kg. If 90 kg of electrical equipment installed at a position 600 cm aft of datum
and 90 kg of electrical equipment installed 600 cm forward to datum, what
will be the new G location?

A - 220 cm aft of datum

B - remain at 200 cm aft of datum
C - 199 cm aft of datum
D - move to the datum

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

42. An aeroplane has 2 cargo holds, cargo hold 1 is located 5m forward of the
datum, hold 2 is located 7m aft of the datum. The take-off mass of the aircraft
is 60000 kg and the CG is located at 2m aft of datum. Just prior to take off,
cargo weighing 1250 kg is removed from cargo hold 1, what will be the new G
for take-off?

A - 1.92m aft of the datum

B - 2.17m aft of the datum
C - 2.08m aft of the datum
D - 1.84m aft of the datum

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

43. The CG of an aircraft is at 25% MAC and MAC is 1m. The aircraft has 2
holds, hold 1 is 7m aft of the datum and hold 2 is 22m aft of the datum. If the
aircraft mass is 38000 kg, what load must be transferred from hold 1 to hold 2
to move the CG to 40% MAC?

A - 1520 kg
B - 259 kg
C - 480 kg
D - 380 kg

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
 44. (Refer to figures 031_4-4 and 031_4-9)

The Taxi mass of the aircraft is 62,500 kg and the centre of gravity is
calculated at 20% MAC. A load weighing 1000 kg is moved from the forward
section of the aft cargo compartment to the aft section of the forward cargo
compartment. The new centre of gravity position is:

A - 10% MAC
B - 12% MAC
C - 15% MAC
D - 25% MAC

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

45. (Refer to figure 031_8-12)

The loaded mass of the aircraft represented below is 5250 lbs and the centre of
gravity is 21" aft of the datum. An additional load of 80 lbs is carried, 45lbs
in hold A and 35 lbs in hold B. The new centre of gravity position will be:

A - 21.24" aft of the datum

B - 20.52" aft of the datum
C - 20.52" forward of the datum
D - 20.84" aft of the datum

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
031-05 DETERMINATION OF CG POSITON

031-05-01 Methods

1. At a given mass the CG position is at 15% MAC. If the leading edge of MAC
is at a position 625.6 inches aft of the datum and the MAC is given as 134.5
inches determine the position of the CG is relation to the datum:

A - 645.78 inches aft of datum

B - 20.18 inches aft of datum
C - 605.43 inches aft of datum
D - 228.34 inches aft of datum

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

2. (For this question use CAP 696 - Figure 3.4)

With respect to a multi-engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the total

moment (lbs.in) at landing in the following conditions:

Basic empty mass: 3210 lbs

One pilot: 160 lbs
Front seat passenger: 200 lbs
Centre seat passengers: 290 lbs (total)
One passenger rear seat: 110 lbs
Baggage in zone 1: 100 lbs
Baggage in zone 4: 50 lbs
Block fuel: 100 US Gal
Trip fuel: 55 US Gal
Fuel for start up and taxi (included in block fuel): 3
US Gal
Fuel density: 6 lbs/US Gal
Total moment at take-off: 432226 lbs.in

A - 433 221
B - 401 338
C - 433 906
D - 377 746

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
 3. What is the CG as a percentage MAC of the fully loaded aircraft below?

BEM 12000 kg
Arm 3m
CG 25% MAC
MAC 2m

Item Balance arm:

Front seats 2.5 m
Rear seats 3m
Fuel SG 0.74
Fuel 410 litres
Fuel arm 2.5 m
Rear seats Empty
Pilot 80 kg
Passenger 80 kg

A - 16%
B - 19%
C - 21%
D - 24%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

4. The loaded centre of gravity (cg) of an aeroplane is 713 mm aft of datum. The
mean aerodynamic chord lies between station 524 mm aft and 1706 mm aft.
The cg expressed as % MAC (mean aerodynamic chord) is:

A - 16%
B - 41%
C - 60%
D - 10%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
 5. (For this Question use CAP 696 - Figure 3.4)

With respect to multi-engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the block

fuel moment (lbs.in) in the following conditions:

Basic empty mass: 3210 lbs

Basic arm: 88.5 inch
One pilot: 160 lbs
Front seat passenger: 200 lbs
Centre seat passengers: 290 lbs (total)
One passenger rear seat: 110 lbs
Baggage in Zone 1: 100 lbs
Baggage in Zone 4: 50 lbs
Block fuel: 100 US Gal
Trip fuel: 55 US Gal
Fuel for start up and taxi
(included in block fuel): 3 US Gal
Fuel density: 6 lbs/US Gal

A - 433 906
B - 56 160
C - 30 886
D - 9 360

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

6. Given the following information, calculate the loaded centre of gravity (cg):

STATION MASS (kg) / ARM (cm) / MOMENT (kgcm)

Basic Empty Condition 12045 30 +361350
Crew 145 -160 -23200
Freight 1 5455 +200 +1091000
Freight 2 410 -40 -16400
Fuel 6045 -8 -48360
Oil 124 +40 +4960

A - 56.35 cm aft datum

B - 56.53 cm aft datum
C - 60.16 cm aft datum
D - 53.35 cm aft datum

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
7. Calculate the centre of gravity in % MAC (mean aerodynamic chord) with
following data:

Distance datum - centre of gravity: 12.53m

Distance datum - leading edge: 9.63m
Length of MAC: 8m

A - 23.1% MAC
B - 63.4% MAC
C - 47.0% MAC
D - 36.3% MAC

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

8. (For this Question use CAP 696 - Figures 2.1 - 2.4)

With respect to a single-engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the zero

fuel moment (lbs.in/100) in the following conditions:

Basic Empty Mass: 2415 lbs

Arm at Basic Empty Mass: 77.9 in
Cargo Zone A: 350 lbs
Baggage Zone B: 35 lbs
Pilot and front seat passenger: 300 lbs (total)

A - 6675
B - 2548.8
C - 2496.3
D - 2311.8

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

9. (Refer to CAP 696 Figure 4-4)

With reference to the attached chart, what is the G as a percentage of the MAC
if the CG is 650 inches from the datum?

A - 17.03%
B - 18.14%
C - 16.25%
D - 20.36%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
10. The mass and balance information gives:

Basic mass: 1200 kg

Basic balance arm: 3.00 m

Under these conditions the Basic centre of gravity is at 25% of the mean
aerodynamic chord (MAC). The length of MAC is 2m. In the mass and
balance section of the flight manual the following information is given:

Position Arm front seats: 2.5m

Position Arm rear seats: 3.5m
Position Arm rear hold: 4.5m
Position Arm fuel tanks: 3.0m

The pilot and one passenger embark; each weighs 80 kg. Fuel tanks contain
140 litres of petrol with a density of 0.714. The rear seats are not occupied.
Taxi fuel is negligible.

The position of the centre of gravity at take-off (as % MAC) is:

A - 29%
B - 22%
C - 34%
D - 17%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

11. An aeroplane has a mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) of 134.5 inches. The
leading edge of this chord is at a distance of 625.6 inches aft of the datum.
Given the location of the centre of gravity of the aeroplane in terms of
percentage MAC if the mass of the aeroplane is acting vertically through a
balance arm located 650 inches aft of the datum.

A - 85.5%
B - 75.6%
C - 18.14%
D - 10.5%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: C
 12. The determination of the centre of gravity in relation to the mean
aerodynamic chord:

A - consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the

length of the mean aerodynamic chord and the trailing edge
B - consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the
length of the mean aerodynamic chord and the leading edge
C - consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the
position of the aerodynamic convergence point
D - consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the
position of the aerodynamic centre of pressure

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

13. Given are the following information at take-off

STATION MASS (kg) / ARM (cm) / MOMENT (kgcm)

Basic Empty Condition 12045 +30 +361350

Crew 145 -160 -23200
Freight 1 5455 +200 +1091000
Freight 2 410 -40 -16400
Fuel 6045 -8 -48360
Oil 124 +40 +4960

Given that the flight time is 2 hours and the estimated fuel flow will be 1050
litres per hour and the average oil consumption will be 2.25 litres per hour, the
specific density of fuel is 0.79 and the specific density of oil is 0.96. Calculate
the landing centre of gravity.

A - 61.26 cm aft of datum

B - 61.28 cm aft of datum
C - 61.27 cm aft of datum
D - 61.29 cm aft of datum

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
 14. Determine the position of the CG as a percentage of the MAC given
that the balance arm of the CTG is 724 inches and the MAC extends from a
balance arm of 517 inch to 1706 inch.

A - 14.2%
B - 15.3%
C - 16.3%
D - 17.4%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

15. (For this Question use CAP 696 - Figure 3.4)

With respect to a multi-engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the CG

location at take off in the following conditions:

Basic empty mass: 3210 lbs

Basic arm: 88.5 in
One pilot: 160 lbs
Front seat passenger: 200 lbs
Centre seat passengers: 290 lbs (total)
One passenger rear seat: 110 lbs
Baggage in zone 1: 100 lbs
Baggage in zone 4: 50 lbs

Zero Fuel Mass: 4210 lbs

Moment at Zero Fuel Mass: 377751 lbs.in
Block fuel: 100 US Gal
Trip fuel: 55 US Gal
Fuel for start up and taxi
(included in block fuel): 3 US Gal
Fuel density: 6 lbs/US Gal

A - 91.92 inches aft of datum

B - 91.69 inches aft of datum
C - 93.60 inches aft of datum
D - 91.84 inches aft of datum

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
16. (Refer to figure 7-1)

The loading for a flight is shown in the attached load sheet, with the following
data applying to the aeroplane:

Maximum take-off mass: 150,000 kg

Maximum landing mass: 140,000 kg
Centre of gravity (CG):
Limit forward: 10.5m aft of datum
Aft: 13.0m aft of datum
Estimated trip fuel: 55,000 kg

A - Take-off CG is out of limits at 12.34m aft of datum

B - Landing CG is out of limits at 11.97m aft of datum
C - Landing CG is out of limits at 10.17m aft of datum
D - Take-off CG is out of limits at 10.17m aft of datum

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

17. (Refer to Figure 8-13)

Without the crew, the mass and longitudinal CG position of the aircraft are
6000 kg and 4.70m.

The mass of the pilot is 90 kg

The mass of the co-pilot is 100 kg
The mass of the flight engineer is 80 kg

With the crew the mass and longitudinal CG position of the aircraft are:

A - 6270 kg and 4.796m

B - 6270 kg and 5.012m
C - 6270 kg and 4.61m
D - 6270 kg and 4.594m

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: D
 18. The planned take-off mass of an aeroplane is 180000 kg, with its centre
of
gravity located at 31% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord). Distance from
reference point to leading edge = 14m. Length of MAC = 4.6m. Shortly prior
to engine start, the local staff informs the crew that an additional load of 4000
kg must be loaded in cargo 1 (located at 2.73m aft of the reference point).
After loading this cargo, the new centre of gravity location will be:

A - 34%
B - 25%
C - 28%
D - 37%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

19. A turbojet aeroplane is parked with the following data:

Corrected Dry Operating Mass: 110 100 kg

Basic corrected index: 118.6
Take-off mass: 200 000 kg
Centre of gravity location: 32% MAC
Distance from reference point
To leading edge: 14 m
Length of MAC: 4.6 m

Initial cargo distribution:

Cargo 1 = 4000 kg (2.73 m from reference point)
Cargo 2 = 2000 kg (8.55 m from reference point)
Cargo 3 = 2000 kg (16.49 m from reference point)
Cargo 4 = empty (21.13m from reference point)

To maximise performance, the captain decides to redistribute part of the cargo

load between cargo 1 and cargo 4, in order to take off with a new centre of
gravity location at 35% MAC. After loading, the new load distribution
between cargo 1 and cargo 4 is:

A - 2000 kg in cargo 1;
2000 kg in cargo 4
B - 1000 kg in cargo 1;
3000 kg in cargo 4
C - 2500 kg in cargo 1;
1500 kg in cargo 4
D - 3000 kg in cargo 1
1000 kg in cargo 4

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: C
20. A turbojet aeroplane is parked with the following data:

Corrected Dry Operating Mass: 110100 kg

Basic corrected index: 118.6
Take-off mass: 200000 kg
Centre of gravity location: 32% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord)

Distance from reference point to leading edge: 14m

Length of MAC = 4.6m

Initial cargo distribution:

Cargo 1 = 4000 kg (2.73m from reference point)

Cargo 2 = 2000 kg (8.55m from reference point)
Cargo 3 = 2000 kg (16.49m from reference point)
Cargo 4 = empty (21.13m from reference point)

For performance reasons, the captain decides to re-distribute part of the cargo
loading between cargo compartments, in order to take off with a new CG
location of 34%. He asks for a transfer of:

A - 1000 kg from cargo 1 to cargo 4

B - 500 kg from cargo 1 to cargo 3
C - 1000 kg from cargo 3 to cargo 1
D - 1500 kg from cargo 3 to cargo 1

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

21. (Refer to Figure 8-13)

Without the crew, the weight and the CG position of the aircraft are 7000 kg
and 4.70m

- the mass of the pilot is 90 kg

- the mass of the co-pilot is 75 kg
- the mass of the flight engineer is 90 kg

With this crew on board, the CG position of the aircraft will be:

A - 4,455 m
B - 4,615 m
C - 0,217 m
D - 4,783 m

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B
22. Give the distance of the CG from the datum for an aircraft where the G is 23%
MAC. The MAC is 90 inches and LEMAC is located 321 inches aft of the
datum.

A - - 341 in
B - +341 in
C - -300 in
D - + 300 in

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: B

23. (Refer to Figure 8-14)

Without the man on the winch, the mass and the lateral G position of the
helicopter are 6000 kg and 0.055 m to the right. The mass of the wet man on
the winch is 180 kg. With the man on the winch, the mass and lateral CG-
position of the helicopter are:

A - beyond the limit

B - 6,180 kg and 0.059 m to the right
C - 6,180 kg and 0.075 m to the right
D - 6,180 kg and 0.041 m to the right

Ref: HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A

24. (Refer to figure 031_9-3)

Without the man on the winch, the mass and the lateral CG position of the
aircraft are 6000 kg and 0.04 m to the right.

The mass of the man on the winch is 100 kg.

With the man on the winch, the lateral CG position of the aircraft will be:

A - 0.062m to the right

B - 0.016m to the left
C - beyond the limits
D - 0.0633m to the right

Ref: HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
25. At a mass of 1800 kg, a helicopter equipped with a winch has a lateral CG-
position of 5 cm to the left. The G of the load suspended from the winch is at
a distance of 60 cm to the right. With a winch load of 200 kg the lateral CG
position of the helicopter will be:

A - 10.5 cm to the right

B - 10.5 cm to the left
C - 1.5 cm to the right
D - 1.5 cm to the left

Ref: HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

26. (Refer to figure 031_9-1)

A helicopter basic mass is 1100 kg and the longitudinal G position is at 3.10m.

Determine the longitudinal Cg position in the following conditions:

- pilot and front passenger: 150 g

- rear passengers: 150 g
- fuel: 500 g

A - 2.97m
B - 2.82m
C - 2.91m
D - 2.85m

Ref: HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

27. (Refer to figure 031_9-11)

Calculate the position of the centre of gravity for the following loaded
helicopter:

A - 1.14
B - 1.80
C - 2.42
D - 4.24

Ref: HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: A
28. Calculate the position of the centre of gravity for take-off andlanding from the
following information:

Maximum Take-off Mass: 3400 kg

Maximum Landing Mass: 3000 kg
Burn off: 300 kg fuel
5 kg oil
Centre of gravity range: 2.5 to 3.5 m aft

Station / Mass (kg) / Arm (m) / Moment

Basic mass 2000 2.25 aft + 4500
Fuel 500 3.5 aft + 1750
Oil 20 9 fwd - 180
Crew 150 3.75 fwd 562.5
Passengers 340 4 aft + 1360
Baggage 260 10 aft + 2600

A - take-off 2.6m aft; landing 2.55m aft

B - take-off 2.85m aft; landing 2.9m aft
C - take-off 2.9m aft; landing 2.85m aft
D - take-off 3.1m aft; landing 3.05m aft

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl

Ans: C

29. The loaded centre of gravity of an aircraft is 23.65 feet aft of Datum. If the
length of the MAC is 8 feet, and the distance of the leading edge of the MAC
is 20 feet aft of the Datum, the position of the centre of gravity as a % MAC
is:

A - 8%
B - 23.65%
C - 20%
D - 45.62%

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: D

30. An aircraft has a Standard Mean Chord length of 82 inches, and the leading
edge of the chord is 103 inches aft of the Datum. If the centre of gravity
position is 14.7% SMC, what is the centre of gravity distance from the datum?

A - 15.66"
B - 118.14"
C - 65.6"
D - 115.05"

Ref: AIR: atpl, cpl

Ans: D