PROJECT CLAID (Contextualized and Localized Activities Intended for Distance Learning)

Name : ___________________ Date:____________ Score:__________

PRE-CALCULUS
Quarter 2 – Week 1

Competencies:
1. Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and angular
measures of a central angle in a unit circle. (STEM_PC11T-IIa)
2. Convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa. (STEM_PC11T-
IIb)

Objective/s
1. Express the given angle in degrees, minutes and seconds for
number 1 and in degrees alone for number
2. Sketch the following angles measured in degrees in standard
position.
3. Determine the quadrant in which each angle lies.
4. Convert degree measure to radian measure and vice versa.
5. Solve problem applying the conversion of degree
measure and vice versa.
Recap

Recalling key concepts involving angles:

o An angle is a plane figure consisting of two rays having the same
endpoint.
o The sides of an angle are the rays; one is the initial side, the other is
the terminal side.
o A central angle of a circle is an angle whose sides’ common endpoint,
its vertex, is at the center of the circle.
o An arc intercepted by a central angle is the part of the circumference
of the circle swept by the central angle (from initial to terminal side);
in this case, we also say that the arc subtends the central angle.
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1
Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_PC11T1- IIa-1 and STEM_PC11T1- IIa-2
Competency/ies: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of central angle in a unit circle and Convert degree measure
radian and vice versa.
 Lesson

An angle is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint. In Figure 1.1 shown
below, the initial side of ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 is OA, while its terminal side is OB. An angle is
said to be positive if the ray rotates in a counterclockwise direction, and the
angle is negative if it rotates in a clockwise direction.

If an angle fits a coordinate system in which the origin is the vertex and the
initial side coincides with the positive x-axis, then this angle is said to be an
angle in standard position. The angles 𝛼, 𝜃 and 𝛽 in Figure 1.2 are angles in
standard position.

To measure angles, we use degrees, minutes, seconds, and radians.

A central angle of a circle measures one degree, written 1o, if it intercepts

1 1
of the circumference of the circle. One minute, written 1’, is of 1o,
360 60
1
while one second, written 1”, is of 1’.
60

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2
Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_PC11T1- IIa-1 and STEM_PC11T1- IIa-2
Competency/ies: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of central angle in a unit circle and Convert degree measure
radian and vice versa.
For example, in degrees, minutes, and seconds,
18
20o 30’ 18” = 20o (30 + 60) ′ 19.251° = 19 (0.251 x 60)’

= 20o 30.3’ = 19° 15.06’

30.3
= (20 + )° =. 19°15’(0.06x60)”
60

= 20.505° = 19° 15’ 3.6”

The location of the terminal sides of angles in standard position measured in

degrees are shown in Figure 1.3.

Recall that the unit circle is

the circle given by the equation
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 where the center is
at the origin and radius 1 as
shown in Figure 1.4.

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3
Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_PC11T1- IIa-1 and STEM_PC11T1- IIa-2
Competency/ies: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of central angle in a unit circle and Convert degree measure
radian and vice versa.
 A central angle of the unit circle
that intercepts an arc s of the
circle with length 1 unit is said
to have a measure of one
radian, written 1 rad. See
Figure 1.5.

Since the circumference of a circle is 2𝜋𝑟 units, it follows that a central angle
of one full revolution (counterclockwise) corresponds to an arc length of
𝑠 = 2𝜋𝑟. Moreover, the radian measure of an angle of one full revolution in
a unit circle is 2𝜋 and we obtain the following:
1 2𝜋
𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
2 2

1 2𝜋 𝜋
𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
4 4 2

1 2𝜋 𝜋
𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎
6 6 3

The location of the terminal sides of angles in standard position measured in

radians are shown in Figure 1.6.

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4
Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_PC11T1- IIa-1 and STEM_PC11T1- IIa-2
Competency/ies: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of central angle in a unit circle and Convert degree measure
radian and vice versa.
Example: In Figure 1.7, identify the terminal side of an angle in standard
position with the given figure.

1. Degree Measure: 60°, 135°, -90°, 225°

3𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
2. Radian Measure: 𝑟𝑎𝑑, 𝑟𝑎𝑑, − 𝑟𝑎𝑑, − 2 𝑟𝑎𝑑
4 3 4

Solution:

1. Degree Measure: 60°: OB, 135°: OC, -90°: OE, 225°: OD

3𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
2. Radian Measure: 𝑟𝑎𝑑: OC, 𝑟𝑎𝑑: OB, − 𝑟𝑎𝑑: OD, − 2 𝑟𝑎𝑑: OE
4 3 4

Since a unit circle has circumference 2𝜋, a central angle that measures 360° has
measure equivalent to 2𝜋 radians. Thus, we obtain the following conversion rules.
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5
Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_PC11T1- IIa-1 and STEM_PC11T1- IIa-2
Competency/ies: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of central angle in a unit circle and Convert degree measure
radian and vice versa.
 Converting degree to radian, and vice versa
𝜋
1. To convert a degree measure to radian, multiply it by .
180
180
2. To convert a radian measure to degree, multiply it by .
𝜋
3.

Figure 2.1 shows some special angles in standard position with the indicated terminal
sides. The degree and radian measures are also given.

Examples:
1. Express 25°, 300°, and -75° in radians.

Solution:
𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
25° (180) = 36 25° = rad.
36
𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋 Figure 2.1
300° (180) = 300° = rad.
3 3
𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
−75° (180) = − 12 −75° = − 12 rad.

7𝜋 𝜋 11𝜋
2. Express rad, rad − and in degrees.
2 8 6
Solution:
7𝜋 180 7𝜋
( 𝜋 ) = 630° = 630°
2 2
𝜋 180 𝜋
( ) = 22.5° = 22.5°
8 𝜋 8
11𝜋 180 11𝜋
− ( ) = −330° − = −330°
6 𝜋 6

One of the applications of conversion from degrees to radian measure, and vice versa,
is finding the arc length and area of a sector.
In a circle, a central angle whose radian measure is 𝜃 subtends an arc that is the
𝜃
fraction 2𝜋 of the circumference of the circle. Thus, in a circle of radius r (See Figure
2.2), the length s of an arc that subtends the angle 𝜃 is
𝜃 𝜃
𝒔 = 2𝜋 𝑥 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 2𝜋 (2𝜋𝑟) = 𝒓𝜽 .

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6
Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_PC11T1- IIa-1 and STEM_PC11T1- IIa-2
Competency/ies: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of central angle in a unit circle and Convert degree measure
radian and vice versa.
 𝒔 = 𝒓𝜽

Figure 2.2 Arc Length

Examples:
1. Find the length of an arc of a circle with radius 5 meters that subtends a central
angle of 60°.
Solution: Since the given central angle is in degrees, we have to convert it into radian
measure.
𝜋 𝜋
60° (180) = 3 rad.
Then, apply the formula for an arc length.
𝜋 5𝜋
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 = 5 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 ≈ 5.23 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
3 3
𝟓𝝅
Therefore, the length of an arc of a circle is 𝟑 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 ≈ 𝟓. 𝟐𝟑 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔.
2. A central angle 𝜃 in a circle of radius 3 meters is subtended by an arc length of
4𝜋 meters. Find the measure of 𝜃 in degrees.
Solution: Using the formula for an arc length, we derive the formula in getting the
measure of the central angle in radian.
𝑠
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 𝜃=
𝑟
Then, apply the formula for the measure of the central angle in radian.

𝑠 4𝜋 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 4𝜋
𝜃= = = 𝑟𝑎𝑑.
𝑟 3 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 3
4𝜋
Since we are required to get the equivalent degree measure, we convert 𝑟𝑎𝑑 to
3
degrees:
4𝜋 180
( 𝜋 ) = 240°
3
Therefore, the measure of 𝜃 in degrees is 𝟐𝟒𝟎°.

3. A pendulum clock swings through an angle of 15° each second. If the pendulum
is 40 cm long, how far does its tip move each second?
Solution: Given: r = 40 cm
𝜃 = 15° to be converted to radians
15° 40 cm 𝜋 𝜋
𝜃 = 15° (180) = 12 rad.
s=?
s

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7
Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_PC11T1- IIa-1 and STEM_PC11T1- IIa-2
Competency/ies: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of central angle in a unit circle and Convert degree measure
radian and vice versa.
Applying the formula for an arc length, we get
𝜋 10𝜋
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃 = 40 𝑐𝑚 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑚 ≈ 10.47 𝑐𝑚.
12 3
𝟏𝟎𝝅
Therefore, the tip of the pendulum move 𝟑 𝒄𝒎 ≈ 𝟏𝟎. 𝟒𝟕 𝒄𝒎 each second.

A sector of a circle is the portion of the interior of a circle bounded by the initial and
terminal sides of a central angle and intercepted arc. Note that an angle with measure
2𝜋 radians will define a sector that corresponds to the circle as a whole. Therefore, if
a central angle of a sector has measure 𝜃 radians, then the sector makes up the
𝜃
fraction 2𝜋 of a complete circle. See Figure 2.3. Since the area of a complete circle
with radius r is 𝜋𝑟 2 , we have
𝜃 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 2𝜋 (𝜋𝑟 2 ) = 2 𝜃𝑟 2 .

Area of a Sector (A)

Figure 2.3 Area of a Sector

Examples:
4. Find the area of a sector of a circle with central angle 30° if the radius is 4
meters.
Solution: Since the given angle is in degrees, we convert it first to radian measure,
that is
𝜋 𝜋
30° (180) = 6 rad.
Then, we apply the formula for computing the area of a sector.
1 1 𝜋 4𝜋 2
𝐴 = 𝜃𝑟 2 = ( ) (4 𝑚)2 = 𝑚 ≈ 4.19𝑚2
2 2 6 3
𝟒𝝅
Thus, the area of a sector of a circle is 𝟑 𝒎𝟐 ≈ 𝟒. 𝟏𝟗𝒎𝟐 .
5. A sprinkler on a golf course fairway is set to spray water over a distance of 50
feet and rotates through an angle of 120°. Find the area of the fairway watered
by the sprinkler.
Solution: Since the given angle is in degrees, we convert it first to radian measure,
that is
𝜋 2𝜋
120° (180) = 3 rad.
Then, we apply the formula for computing the area of a sector.
1 1 2𝜋 50𝜋 2
𝐴 = 𝜃𝑟 2 = ( ) (50 𝑓𝑡)2 = 𝑓𝑡 ≈ 52.33𝑓𝑡 2
2 2 3 3
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8
Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_PC11T1- IIa-1 and STEM_PC11T1- IIa-2
Competency/ies: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of central angle in a unit circle and Convert degree measure
radian and vice versa.
 𝟓𝟎𝝅
Thus, the area of the fairway watered by the sprinkler is 𝒇𝒕𝟐 ≈ 𝟓𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝒇𝒕𝟐
𝟑

Activities

A. Express the given angle in degrees, minutes and seconds for

number 1 and in degrees alone for number 2.

1. 25.625°
2. 32° 22’ 44.4”

B. Sketch the following angles measured in degrees in standard

position.

1. 30° 2. 130° 3. -36° 4. -135°

C. Determine the quadrant in which each angle lies.

𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
1. 2. − 3. − 6 4.
3 3 3

D. Express each degree measures in 𝜋 radians.

1. 150°
2. -50°
3. 210°

E. Express each radian measures in degrees.

4𝜋 8𝜋
1. 2. −
9 5

F. Complete the table.

Angle in Angle in Area of the

Radius Arc Length
degrees radian Sector
3 cm 135°
5m 15𝜋
m
4

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9
Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_PC11T1- IIa-1 and STEM_PC11T1- IIa-2
Competency/ies: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of central angle in a unit circle and Convert degree measure
radian and vice versa.
 Wrap-Up

Answer the following questions:

1. How did angles form? When do we say that an angle has a positive or
negative measurement given the direction of the rotation of its terminal
side?
2. What are the two ways of measuring angles? How are they related?
3. What do one degree and one radian mean?
4. How can we locate the quadrants of the points in radian measures?

REFERENCES:
1. Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (2016).
PRECALCULUS LEARNER’S MATERIAL.
2. Larson, Ron (2012). TRIGONOMETRY. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.,
1st Philippine reprint 2012, Ortigas, Pasig City
3. Pelias, JG P (2016). PRE-CALCULUS. Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI).
Sampaloc, Manila

Prepared by:

RICARDO G. GRAYDA
City of Mandaluyong Science High School
________________________________
(School)
SDO Mandaluyong

Approved:

RESTITUTO I. RODELAS
Education Program Supervisor, Mathematics

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10
Q2 Week No.1 Competency Code: STEM_PC11T1- IIa-1 and STEM_PC11T1- IIa-2
Competency/ies: Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear
and angular measures of central angle in a unit circle and Convert degree measure
radian and vice versa.