Chapter ¢ Algorithms for formation of network matrices 85 It follows from equation (4.2.8) that i= 1,2, m ixg and from equation (4.2.12) that Ze = 25 Zug = Log + tonn0 Furthermore, if there is no mutual coupling and p is the reference node, i=1,2, m Zz. -0 12 on i#q and G=1,2...,m 2 ixq Also Zn =O and therefore, Loa = Fra.05 Addition of a link If the added element p-q is a link, the procedure for recalculating the elements of the bus impedance matrix is to connect in series with the added element a voltage source e as shown in Fig. 4.4. This creates a Partial network = Lper unit Fig. 4.4 Injected cur- rent voltage source in series with added link and bus voltages for cal- culation of Zi.86 Computer methods in power system analysis fictitious node ! which will be eliminated later. The voltage source e: is selected such that the current through the added link is zero. ‘The performance equation for the partial network with the added element p- and the series voltage source e: is 1 P (4.2.13) Since a= Ei —E, the element Z,; can be determined by injecting a current at the ith bus and calculating the voltage at the [th node with respect to bus g. Since all other bus currents equal zero, it follows from equation (4.2.13) that Ey e k=1,2,...,m (4.2.14) Letting J, = 1 per unit in equations (4.2.14), Zy can be obtained directly by calculating e:. The series voltage source is a=, — EF, (4.2.15) Since the current through the added link is tye = 0 the element p-l can be treated as a branch. The current in this element in terms of primitive admittances and the voltages across the elements is Tot = Yot.vnt + pr,Chapter 4 Algorithms for formation of network matrices 87 where int = tpg = 0 Therefore since Gptee = 8 wecp = Yoav then, (4.2.16) Substituting in order from equations (4.2.16), (4.2.6), and (4.2.14) with I, = 1 into equation (4.2.15) yields Doore( Zon Yoe.re ial Zu = Ly — Zt (42.17) The element Zu can be calculated by injecting a current at the [th bus with bus q as reference and calculating the vottage at the /th bus with respect to bus g. Since all other bus currents equal zero, it follows from equation (4.2.13) that Ep= Zul k= a= Zui 7a mn Gane Letting /, = 1 per unit in equation (4.2.18), Zi can be obtained directly by calculating er. The current in the element p-l is ine —h=- This current in terms of primitive admittances and the voltages across the elements is Tyr = Yptsipt + Hx. Again, since Yeave (4.2.19)88 — Computer methods in power system analysis Substituting in order from equations (4.2.19), (4.2.6), and (4.2.18) with J) = 1 into (4.2.15) yields 1+ Gpn(Zar ~ Bn) Ure.pe Zu = 2g — Za t (4.2.20) If there is no mutual coupling between the added element and other nents of the partial network, the elements of freee are zero and It fullows from equation (4.2.17) that G=1,2,...,m "isl and from equation (4.2.20), Z. ~ Za + 250.00 Furthermore. if there is no mutual coupling and p is the reference node, ; PaUQoccym =0 ees nen] and F=1,2, m Bem le ey Also Zn =0 and therefore, Zu = —Lat tore ‘The elements in the Ith row and column of the bus impedance matrix for the augmented partial network are found from equations (4.2.17) and 142.20). It remains to calculate the required bus impedance matrix ty include the effect of the added link. This can be accomplished by modifying the elements Z,,, where i,j = 1, 2, , m, and eliminating the [th row and column corresponding to the fictitious node. ‘The fictitious node / is eliminated by short circuiting the series voltage source ¢, From equation (4.2. Envs = Zavslovs + Zui (4.2.21) and e = Zils + Zul = 0 (4.2.22)Chapter 4 Algorithms for formation of network matrices 89 where i, j = 1, 2, m, Solving for {; irom equation (4.2.22) and substituting inte (4.2.21) Bros (zs BN i. aus which is the performances “quatien of the partial network including the link p-g. It follows tha! the required bus impedance matriy is 7 7 Buk, Zoats cmositied’ = Zi! tote. maven, where any element of Ze: 5 sccatiea Z Zul, Zs canttee) = Zu tatneieonsss ~ A summary of the equations for the formation of the bus impedance matrix is given in Table 4.1 4.3 Modification of the bus impedance matrix for changes in the network The bus impedance matrix Zau's can be modified to reflect changes in the network. These changes may be addition of elements, removal of ele- ments, or changes in the impedances of elements. ‘The method described in See. 4.2 based on the algorithm for forming a bus impedance matrix ean be applied if elements are added to the net- work. ‘Then Zacs is considered the matrix of the partial network at that stage and the new elements are added one at « time to produce the new bus impedance matrix Z'py5. The procedure to remove elements or ta change the impeda elements is the same. If an element is removed which is not mutually coupled to any other element, the modified bus impedance matrix ean be obtained by adding, in parallel with the element, a link whose impedance is equal to the negative of the impedance of the element to be removed. If the impedance of an uncoupled clement is changed, the modified bus impedance matrix can be obtained by adding a link in parallel with the element such that the equivalent impedance of the two elements is the desired value When mutually coupled elements are removed or their impedances changed, the modified bus impedance matrix can not be obtained by adding a link and using the procedure deseribed in See. 4.2. However, an equation can be derived for modifying the elements of Zavs by introducing appropriate changes in, the bus currents of the original net- f of