INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

87LPC768
Low power, low price, low pin count
(20 pin) microcontroller with 4 kB OTP
8-bit A/D,and Pulse Width Modulator

Preliminary data 2001 Aug 06

Supersedes data of 2000 May 02






Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator 87LPC768

GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ORDERING INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
PIN CONFIGURATION, 20-PIN DIP AND SO PACKAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
LOGIC SYMBOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
BLOCK DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
PIN DESCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Enhanced CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Analog Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Analog to Digital Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
A/D Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The A/D in Power Down and Idle Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Code Examples for the A/D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Analog Comparators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
I2C Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
I/O Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Keyboard Interrupt (KBI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Power Monitoring Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Power Reduction Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Timer/Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
UART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Watchdog Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Additional Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
EPROM Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
COMPARATOR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
A/D CONVERTER DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

2001 Aug 06 i
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

• I2C communication port.

• Eight keypad interrupt inputs, plus two additional external interrupt
inputs.
• Four interrupt priority levels.
• Watchdog timer with separate on-chip oscillator, requiring no
external components. The watchdog timeout time is selectable
from 8 values.
• Active low reset. On-chip power-on reset allows operation with no
external reset components.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The 87LPC768 is a 20-pin single-chip microcontroller designed for • Low voltage reset. One of two preset low voltage levels may be
low pin count applications demanding high-integration, low cost selected to allow a graceful system shutdown when power fails.
solutions over a wide range of performance requirements. A May optionally be configured as an interrupt.
member of the Philips low pin count family, the 87LPC768 offers • Oscillator Fail Detect. The watchdog timer has a separate fully
programmable oscillator configurations for high and low speed
on-chip oscillator, allowing it to perform an oscillator fail detect
crystals or RC operation, wide operating voltage range,
function.
programmable port output configurations, selectable Schmitt trigger
inputs, LED drive outputs, and a built-in watchdog timer. The • Configurable on-chip oscillator with frequency range and RC
87LPC768 is based on an accelerated 80C51 processor oscillator options (selected by user programmed EPROM bits).
architecture that executes instructions at twice the rate of standard The RC oscillator option allows operation with no external
80C51 devices. oscillator components.
• Programmable port output configuration options:
quasi-bidirectional, open drain, push-pull, input-only.
FEATURES
• An accelerated 80C51 CPU provides instruction cycle times of • Selectable Schmitt trigger port inputs.
300–600 ns for all instructions except multiply and divide when • LED drive capability (20 mA) on all port pins.
executing at 20 MHz. Execution at up to 20 MHz when
VDD = 4.5 V to 6.0 V, 10 MHz when VDD = 2.7 V to 6.0 V. • Controlled slew rate port outputs to reduce EMI. Outputs have
approximately 10 ns minimum ramp times.
• Four-channel 10-bit Pulse Width Modulator
• 15 I/O pins minimum. Up to 18 I/O pins using on-chip oscillator
• Four-channel multiplexed 8-bit A/D converter. Conversion time of and reset options.
9.3µS at fosc = 20 MHz.
• Only power and ground connections are required to operate the
• 2.7 V to 6.0 V operating range for digital functions. 87LPC768 when fully on-chip oscillator and reset options are
• 4 kbytes EPROM code memory. selected.

• 128 byte RAM data memory. • Serial EPROM programming allows simple in-circuit production
coding. Two EPROM security bits prevent reading of sensitive
• 32-byte customer code EPROM allows serialization of devices, application programs.
storage of setup parameters, etc.
• Idle and Power Down reduced power modes. Improved wakeup
• Two 16-bit counter/timers. Each timer may be configured to toggle from Power Down mode (a low interrupt input starts execution).
a port output upon timer overflow. Typical Power Down current is 1 µA.
• Two analog comparators. • 20-pin DIP and SO packages.
• Full duplex UART.

2001 Aug 06 1
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number Temperature Range °C and Package Frequency Drawing Number
P87LPC768BN 0 to +70, Plastic Dual In-Line Package 20 MHz (5 V), 10 MHz (3 V) SOT146–1
P87LPC768BD 0 to +70, Plastic Small Outline Package 20 MHz (5 V), 10 MHz (3 V) SOT163–1
P87LPC768FN –45 to +85, Plastic Dual In-Line Package 20 MHz (5 V), 10 MHz (3 V) SOT146–1
P87LPC768FD –45 to +85, Plastic Small Outline Package 20 MHz (5 V), 10 MHz (3 V) SOT163–1

PIN CONFIGURATION, 20-PIN DIP AND SO PACKAGES

PWM3/CMP2/P0.0 1 20 P0.1/CIN2B/PWM0

PWM2/P1.7 2 19 P0.2/CIN2A/BRAKE

PWM1/P1.6 3 18 P0.3/CIN1B/AD0

RST/P1.5 4 17 P0.4/CIN1A/AD1

VSS 5 16 P0.5/CMPREF/AD2

X1/P2.1 6 15 VDD

X2/CLKOUT/P2.0 7 14 P0.6/CMP1/AD3

INT1/P1.4 8 13 P0.7/T1

SDA/INT0/P1.3 9 12 P1.0/TxD

SCL/T0/P1.2 10 11 P1.1/RxD

SU01361

LOGIC SYMBOL

VDD VSS

PWM3 CMP2 TxD SCL

PWM0 CIN2B RxD SDA
BRAKE CIN2A T0
PORT 1
PORT 0

AD0 CIN1B INT0

AD1 CIN1A INT1
AD2 CMPREF RST
AD3 CMP1 PWM1
T1 PWM2
PORT 2

CLKOUT/X2

X1

SU01362

2001 Aug 06 2
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

BLOCK DIAGRAM

ACCELERATED
80C51 CPU

INTERNAL BUS
UART

4K BYTE
CODE EPROM

I2C
128 BYTE
DATA RAM

TIMER 0, 1
PORT 2
CONFIGURABLE I/OS

PORT 1 WATCHDOG TIMER

CONFIGURABLE I/OS AND OSCILLATOR

PORT 0
CONFIGURABLE I/OS
ANALOG
COMPARATORS

KEYPAD
INTERRUPT A/D
CONVERTER

PULSE WIDTH
MODULATOR

ON-CHIP POWER MONITOR

CRYSTAL OR CONFIGURABLE
R/C (POWER-ON RESET,
RESONATOR OSCILLATOR
OSCILLATOR BROWNOUT RESET)

SU01363

2001 Aug 06 3
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

FFFFh FFFFh
UNUSED SPACE
UNUSED CODE FD01h
MEMORY SPACE CONFIGURATION BYTES
UCFG1, UCFG2
(ACCESSIBLE VIA MOVX)
FCFFh FD00h
32-BYTE CUSTOMER
CODE SPACE
(ACCESSIBLE VIA MOVC)
FCE0h FFh

SPECIAL FUNCTION
UNUSED CODE REGISTERS
MEMORY SPACE (ONLY DIRECTLY
ADDRESSABLE)
UNUSED SPACE
1000h 80h
0FFFh 128 BYTES ON-CHIP DATA 7Fh
MEMORY
(DIRECTLY AND
4 K BYTES ON-CHIP
INDIRECTLY
CODE MEMORY
ADDRESSABLE)

16-BIT ADDRESSABLE BYTES

INTERRUPT VECTORS
0000h 00h 0000h
ON-CHIP CODE ON-CHIP DATA EXTERNAL DATA
MEMORY SPACE MEMORY SPACE MEMORY SPACE*

* The 87LPC768 does not support access to external data memory. However, the User Configuration Bytes
are accessed via the MOVX instruction as if they were in external data memory.
SU01386

Figure 1. 87LPC768 Program and Data Memory Map

2001 Aug 06 4
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

PIN DESCRIPTIONS
MNEMONIC PIN NO. TYPE NAME AND FUNCTION
P0.0–P0.7 1, 13, 14, I/O Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit I/O port with a user-configurable output type. Port 0 latches are configured in
16–20 the quasi-bidirectional mode and have either ones or zeros written to them during reset, as determined
by the PRHI bit in the UCFG1 configuration byte. The operation of port 0 pins as inputs and outputs
depends upon the port configuration selected. Each port pin is configured independently. Refer to the
section on I/O port configuration and the DC Electrical Characteristics for details.
The Keyboard Interrupt feature operates with port 0 pins.
Port 0 also provides various special functions as described below.
1 O P0.0 CMP2 Comparator 2 output.
O PWM3 Pulse Width Modulator 3 output.
20 I P0.1 CIN2B Comparator 2 positive input B.
O PWM0 Pulse Width Modulator 0 output.
19 I P0.2 CIN2A Comparator 2 positive input A.
I BRAKE PWM brake input.
18 I P0.3 CIN1B Comparator 1 positive input B.
I AD0 A/D channel 0 input.
17 I P0.4 CIN1A Comparator 1 positive input A.
I AD1 A/D channel 1 input.
16 I P0.5 CMPREF Comparator reference (negative) input.
I AD2 A/D channel 2 input.
14 O P0.6 CMP1 Comparator 1 output.
I AD3 A/D channel 3 input.
13 I/O P0.7 T1 Timer/counter 1 external count input or overflow output.
P1.0–P1.7 2–4, 8–12 I/O Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit I/O port with a user-configurable output type, except for three pins as noted
below. Port 1 latches are configured in the quasi-bidirectional mode and have either ones or zeros
written to them during reset, as determined by the PRHI bit in the UCFG1 configuration byte. The
operation of the configurable port 1 pins as inputs and outputs depends upon the port configuration
selected. Each of the configurable port pins are programmed independently. Refer to the section on I/O
port configuration and the DC Electrical Characteristics for details.
Port 1 also provides various special functions as described below.
12 O P1.0 TxD Transmitter output for the serial port.
11 I P1.1 RxD Receiver input for the serial port.
10 I/O P1.2 T0 Timer/counter 0 external count input or overflow output.
I/O SCL I2C serial clock input/output. When configured as an output, P1.2 is open
drain, in order to conform to I2C specifications.
9 I P1.3 INT0 External interrupt 0 input.
I/O SDA I2C serial data input/output. When configured as an output, P1.3 is open
drain, in order to conform to I2C specifications.
8 I P1.4 INT1 External interrupt 1 input.
4 I P1.5 RST External Reset input (if selected via EPROM configuration). A low on this pin
resets the microcontroller, causing I/O ports and peripherals to take on their
default states, and the processor begins execution at address 0. When used
as a port pin, P1.5 is a Schmitt trigger input only.
3 O P1.6 PWM1 Pulse Width Modulator 1 output
2 O P1.7 PWM2 Pulse Width Modulator 2 output

2001 Aug 06 5
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

MNEMONIC PIN NO. TYPE NAME AND FUNCTION

P2.0–P2.1 6, 7 I/O Port 2: Port 2 is a 2-bit I/O port with a user-configurable output type. Port 2 latches are configured in the
quasi-bidirectional mode and have either ones or zeros written to them during reset, as determined by
the PRHI bit in the UCFG1 configuration byte. The operation of port 2 pins as inputs and outputs
depends upon the port configuration selected. Each port pin is configured independently. Refer to the
section on I/O port configuration and the DC Electrical Characteristics for details.
Port 2 also provides various special functions as described below.
7 O P2.0 X2 Output from the oscillator amplifier (when a crystal oscillator option is
selected via the EPROM configuration).
CLKOUT CPU clock divided by 6 clock output when enabled via SFR bit and in
conjunction with internal RC oscillator or external clock input.
6 I P2.1 X1 Input to the oscillator circuit and internal clock generator circuits (when
selected via the EPROM configuration).

VSS 5 I Ground: 0V reference.

VDD 15 I Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for normal operation as well as Idle and
Power Down modes.

2001 Aug 06 6
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Table 1. Special Function Registers

SFR Bit Functions and Addresses Reset
Name Description
Address MSB LSB Value
E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0
ACC* Accumulator E0h 00h
C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0
ADCON#* A/D Control C0h ENADC – – ADCI ADCS RCCLK AADR1 AADR0 00h
AUXR1# Auxiliary Function Register A2h KBF BOD BOI LPEP SRST 0 – DPS 02h1
F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0
B* B register F0h 00h
Comparator 1 control
CMP1# ACh – – CE1 CP1 CN1 OE1 CO1 CMF1 00h1
register
Comparator 2 control
CMP2# ADh – – CE2 CP2 CN2 OE2 CO2 CMF2 00h1
register
CNSW0 PWM Counter Shadow D1h CNSW7 CNSW6 CNSW5 CNSW4 CNSW3 CNSW2 CNSW1 CNSW0 FFh
Register 0
CNSW1 PWM Counter Shadow D2h – – – – – – CNSW9 CNSW8 FFh
Register 1
CPSW0 PWM Compare Shadow D3h CPSW07 CPSW06 CPSW05 CPSW04 CPSW03 CPSW02 CPSW01 CPSW00 00h
Register 0
CPSW1 PWM Compare Shadow D4h CPSW17 CPSW16 CPSW15 CPSW14 CPSW13 CPSW12 CPSW11 CPSW10 00h
Register 1
CPSW2 PWM Compare Shadow D5h CPSW27 CPSW26 CPSW25 CPSW24 CPSW23 CPSW22 CPSW21 CPSW20 00h
Register 2
CPSW3 PWM Compare Shadow D6h CPSW37 CPSW36 CPSW35 CPSW34 CPSW33 CPSW32 CPSW31 CPSW30 00h
Register 3
CPSW4 PWM Compare Shadow D7h CPSW39 CPSW38 CPSW29 CPSW28 CPSW19 CPSW18 CPSW09 CPSW08 00h
Register 4
DAC0# A/D Result C5h 00h
CPU clock divide-by-M
DIVM# 95h 00h
control
DPTR: Data pointer (2 bytes)
DPH Data pointer high byte 83h 00h
DPL Data pointer low byte 82h 00h
CF CE CD CC CB CA C9 C8
I2CFG#* I2C configuration register C8h/RD SLAVEN MASTRQ 0 TIRUN – – CT1 CT0 00h1
C8h/WR SLAVEN MASTRQ CLRTI TIRUN – – CT1 CT0
DF DE DD DC DB DA D9 D8
I2CON#* I2C control register D8h/RD RDAT ATN DRDY ARL STR STP MASTER – 80h1
D8h/WR CXA IDLE CDR CARL CSTR CSTP XSTR XSTP
I2DAT# I2C data register D9h/RD RDAT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80h
D9h/WR XDAT x x x x x x x
AF AE AD AC AB AA A9 A8
IEN0* Interrupt enable 0 A8h EA EWD EBO ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 00h
EF EE ED EC EB EA E9 E8
IEN1#* Interrupt enable 1 E8h ETI – EC1 EAD – EC2 EKB EI2 00h1
BF BE BD BC BB BA B9 B8
IP0* Interrupt priority 0 B8h – PWD PBO PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 00h1
IP0H# Interrupt priority 0 high byte B7h – PWDH PBOH PSH PT1H PX1H PT0H PX0H 00h1
FF FE FD FC FB FA F9 F8
IP1* Interrupt priority 1 F8h PTI – PC1 PAD – PC2 PKB PI2 00h1
IP1H# Interrupt priority 1 high byte F7h PTIH – PC1H PADH – PC2H PKBH PI2H 00h1

2001 Aug 06 7
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

SFR Bit Functions and Addresses Reset

Name Description
Address MSB LSB Value
KBI# Keyboard Interrupt 86h 00h
87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80
P0* Port 0 80h T1 CMP1 CMPREF CIN1A CIN1B CIN2A CIN2B CMP2 Note 2
97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90
P1* Port 1 90h (P1.7) (P1.6) RST INT1 INT0 T0 RxD TxD Note 2
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
P2* Port 2 A0h – – – – – – X1 X2 Note 2
P0M1# Port 0 output mode 1 84h (P0M1.7) (P0M1.6) (P0M1.5) (P0M1.4) (P0M1.3) (P0M1.2) (P0M1.1) (P0M1.0) 00h
P0M2# Port 0 output mode 2 85h (P0M2.7) (P0M2.6) (P0M2.5) (P0M2.4) (P0M2.3) (P0M2.2) (P0M2.1) (P0M2.0) 00H
P1M1# Port 1 output mode 1 91h (P1M1.7) (P1M1.6) – (P1M1.4) – – (P1M1.1) (P1M1.0) 00h1
P1M2# Port 1 output mode 2 92h (P1M2.7) (P1M2.6) – (P1M2.4) – – (P1M2.1) (P1M2.0) 00h1
P2M1# Port 2 output mode 1 A4h P2S P1S P0S ENCLK T1OE T0OE (P2M1.1) (P2M1.0) 00h
P2M2# Port 2 output mode 2 A5h – – – – – – (P2M2.1) (P2M2.0) 00h1
PCON Power control register 87h SMOD1 SMOD0 BOF POF GF1 GF0 PD IDL Note 3
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
PSW* Program status word D0h CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV F1 P 00h
PT0AD# Port 0 digital input disable F6h 00h

9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 99 98
PWMCON0 PWM Control Register 0 DAh RUN XFER PWM3I PWM2I – PWM1I PWM0I – 00h
PWMCON1 PWM Control Register 1 DBh BKCH BKPS BPEN BKEN PWM3B PWM2B PWM1B PWM0B 00h
SCON* Serial port control 98h SM0 SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI 00h
Serial port data buffer
SBUF 99h xxh
register
SADDR# Serial port address register A9h 00h
SADEN# Serial port address enable B9h 00h
SP Stack pointer 81h 07h

8F 8E 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88
TCON* Timer 0 and 1 control 88h TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0 00h
TH0 Timer 0 high byte 8Ch 00h
TH1 Timer 1 high byte 8Dh 00h
TL0 Timer 0 low byte 8Ah 00h
TL1 Timer 1 low byte 8Bh 00h
TMOD Timer 0 and 1 mode 89h GATE C/T M1 M0 GATE C/T M1 M0 00h

WDCON# Watchdog control register A7h – – WDOVF WDRUN WDCLK WDS2 WDS1 WDS0 Note 4
WDRST# Watchdog reset register A6h xxh
NOTES:
* SFRs are bit addressable.
# SFRs are modified from or added to the 80C51 SFRs.
1. Unimplemented bits in SFRs are X (unknown) at all times. Ones should not be written to these bits since they may be used for other
purposes in future derivatives. The reset value shown in the table for these bits is 0.
2. I/O port values at reset are determined by the PRHI bit in the UCFG1 configuration byte.
3. The PCON reset value is x x BOF POF–0 0 0 0b. The BOF and POF flags are not affected by reset. The POF flag is set by hardware upon
power up. The BOF flag is set by the occurrence of a brownout reset/interrupt and upon power up.
4. The WDCON reset value is xx11 0000b for a Watchdog reset, xx01 0000b for all other reset causes if the watchdog is enabled, and xx00
0000b for all other reset causes if the watchdog is disabled.

2001 Aug 06 8
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION device has a very limited number of pins, the A/D power supply and
Details of 87LPC768 functions will be described in the following references are shared with the processor power pins, VDD and VSS.
sections. The A/D converter operates down to a VDD supply of 3.0V.
The A/D converter circuitry consists of a 4-input analog multiplexer
Enhanced CPU and an 8-bit successive approximation ADC. The A/D employs a
The 87LPC768 uses an enhanced 80C51 CPU which runs at twice the
ratiometric potentiometer which guarantees DAC monotonicity.
speed of standard 80C51 devices. This means that the performance of
the 87LPC768 running at 5 MHz is exactly the same as that of a The A/D converter is controlled by the special function register
standard 80C51 running at 10 MHz. A machine cycle consists of 6 ADCON. Details of ADCON are shown in Figure 2. The A/D must be
oscillator cycles, and most instructions execute in 6 or 12 clocks. A enabled by setting the ENADC bit at least 10 microseconds before a
user configurable option allows restoring standard 80C51 execution conversion is started, to allow time for the A/D to stabilize. Prior to
timing. In that case, a machine cycle becomes 12 oscillator cycles. the beginning of an A/D conversion, one analog input pin must be
selected for conversion via the AADR1 and AADR0 bits. These bits
In the following sections, the term “CPU clock” is used to refer to the
cannot be changed while the A/D is performing a conversion.
clock that controls internal instruction execution. This may
sometimes be different from the externally applied clock, as in the An A/D conversion is started by setting the ADCS bit, which remains
case where the part is configured for standard 80C51 timing by set while the conversion is in progress. When the conversion is
means of the CLKR configuration bit or in the case where the clock complete, the ADCS bit is cleared and the ADCI bit is set. When
is divided down via the setting of the DIVM register. These features ADCI is set, it will generate an interrupt if the interrupt system is
are described in the Oscillator section. enabled, the A/D interrupt is enabled (via the EAD bit in the IE1
register), and the A/D interrupt is the highest priority pending
Analog Functions interrupt.
The 87LPC768 incorporates analog peripheral functions: an Analog
When a conversion is complete, the result is contained in the
to Digital Converter and two Analog Comparators. In order to give
register DAC0. This value will not change until another conversion is
the best analog function performance and to minimize power
started. Before another A/D conversion may be started, the ADCI bit
consumption, pins that are being used for analog functions must
must be cleared by software. The A/D channel selection may be
have the digital outputs and inputs disabled.
changed by the same instruction that sets ADCS to start a new
Digital outputs are disabled by putting the port output into the Input conversion, but not by the same instruction that clears ADCI.
Only (high impedance) mode as described in the I/O Ports section.
The connections of the A/D converter are shown in Figure 3.
Digital inputs on port 0 may be disabled through the use of the
The ideal A/D result may be calculated as follows:
PT0AD register. Each bit in this register corresponds to one pin of
Port 0. Setting the corresponding bit in PT0AD disables that pin’s
digital input. Port bits that have their digital inputs disabled will be 256
Result + (V IN–V SS) x (round result to the nearest integer)
V DD–V SS
read as 0 by any instruction that accesses the port.

Analog to Digital Converter

The 87LPC768 incorporates a four channel, 8-bit A/D converter. The
A/D inputs are alternate functions on four port 0 pins. Because the

2001 Aug 06 9
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

ADCON Address: C0h 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Bit addressable ENADC - - ADCI ADCS RCCLK AADR1 AADR0
Reset Value: 00h
BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION
ADCON.7 ENADC When ENADC = 1, the A/D is enabled and conversions may take place. Must be set 10
microseconds before a conversion is started. ENADC cannot be cleared while ADCS or ADCI
are 1.
ADCON.6 - Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
ADCON.5 - Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
ADCON.4 ADCI A/D conversion complete/interrupt flag. This flag is set when an A/D conversion is completed.
This bit will cause a hardware interrupt if enabled and of sufficient priority. Must be cleared by
software.
ADCON.3 ADCS A/D start. Setting this bit by software starts the conversion of the selected A/D input. ADCS
remains set while the A/D conversion is in progress and is cleared automatically upon
completion. While ADCS or ADCI are one, new start commands are ignored.
ADCI, ADCS A/D Status
00 A/D not busy, a conversion can be started.
01 A/D busy, the start of a new conversion is blocked.
10 An A/D conversion is complete. ADCI must be cleared prior to starting a new conversion.
11 An A/D conversion is complete. ADCI must be cleared prior to starting a new conversion. This
state exists for one machine cycle as an A/D conversion is completed.
ADCON.2 RCCLK When RCCLK = 0, the CPU clock is used as the A/D clock. When RCCLK = 1, the internal RC
oscillator is used as the A/D clock. This bit is writable while ADCS and ADCI are 0.
ADCON.1, 0 AADR1,0 Along with AADR0, selects the A/D channel to be converted. These bits can only be written
while ADCS and ADCI are 0.
AADR1, AADR0 A/D Input Selected
00 AD0 (P0.3).
01 AD1 (P0.4).
10 AD2 (P0.5).
11 AD3 (P0.6).
SU01354

Figure 2. A/D Control Register (ADCON)

A/D Timing with other peripheral functions, in order to obtain the best possible
The A/D may be clocked in one of two ways. The default is to use A/D accuracy. This should not be used if the MCU uses an external
the CPU clock as the A/D clock source. When used in this manner, clock source greater than 4 MHz.
the A/D completes a conversion in 31 machine cycles. The A/D may When the A/D is operated from the RCCLK while the CPU is running
be operated up to the maximum CPU clock rate of 20 MHz, giving a from another clock source, 3 or 4 machine cycles are used to
conversion time of 9.3 µs. The formula for calculating A/D synchronize A/D operation. The time can range from a minimum of 3
conversion time when the CPU clock runs the A/D is: 186 µs / CPU machine cycles (at the CPU clock rate) + 108 RC clocks to a
clock rate (in MHZ). To obtain accurate A/D conversion results, the maximum of 4 machine cycles (at the CPU clock rate) + 112 RC
CPU clock must be at least 1 MHz. clocks.
The A/D may also be clocked by the on-chip RC oscillator, even if Example A/D conversion times at various CPU clock rates are
the RC oscillator is not used as the CPU clock. This is accomplished shown in Table 2. In Table 2, maximum times for RCCLK = 1 use an
by setting the RCCLK bit in ADCON. This arrangement has several RC clock frequency of 4.5 MHz (6 MHz - 25%). Minimum times for
advantages. First, the A/D conversion time is faster at lower CPU RCCLK = 1 use an RC clock frequency of 7.5 MHz (6 MHz + 25%).
clock rates. Also, the CPU may be run at speeds below 1 MHz Nominal time assume an ideal RC clock frequency of 6 MHz and an
without affecting A/D accuracy. Finally, the Power Down mode may average of 3.5 machine cycles at the CPU clock rate.
be used to completely shut down the CPU and its oscillator, along

2001 Aug 06 10
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Table 2. Example A/D Conversion Times

RCCLK = 1
CPU Clock Rate RCCLK = 0
minimum nominal maximum
32 kHz NA 563.4 µs 659 µs 757 µs
1 MHz 186 µs 32.4 µs 39.3 µs 48.9 µs
4 MHz 46.5 µs 18.9 µs 23.6 µs 30.1 µs
11.0592 MHz 16.8 µs 16 µs 20.2 µs 27.1 µs
12 MHz 15.5 µs
16 MHz 11.6 µs
20 MHz 9.3 µs
Note: Do not clock ADC from the RC oscillator when MCU clock is greater than 4 MHz.

VREF+ = VDD
AD0 (P0.3)
00

AD1 (P0.4)
01
A/D Converter
AD2 (P0.5)
10

AD3 (P0.6)
11 VREF- = VSS

AADR1 AADR0

ADCON DAC0
(A/D result)

SU01356

Figure 3. A/D Converter Connections

The A/D in Power Down and Idle Modes When an A/D conversion is started, Power Down or Idle mode must
While using the CPU clock as the A/D clock source, the Idle mode be activated within two machine cycles in order to have the most
may be used to conserve power and/or to minimize system noise accurate A/D result. These two machine cycles are counted at the
during the conversion. CPU operation will resume and Idle mode CPU clock rate. When using the A/D with either Power Down or Idle
terminate automatically when a conversion is complete if the A/D mode, care must be taken to insure that the CPU is not restarted by
interrupt is active. In Idle mode, noise from the CPU itself is another interrupt until the A/D conversion is complete. The possible
eliminated, but noise from the oscillator and any other on-chip causes of wakeup are different in Power Down and Idle modes.
peripherals that are running will remain. A/D accuracy is also affected by noise generated elsewhere in the
The CPU may be put into Power Down mode when the A/D is application, power supply noise, and power supply regulation. Since
clocked by the on-chip RC oscillator (RCCLK=1). This mode gives the 87LPC768 power pins are also used as the A/D reference and
the best possible A/D accuracy by eliminating most on-chip noise supply, the power supply has a very direct affect on the accuracy of
sources. A/D readings. Using the A/D without Power Down mode while the
clock is divided through the use of CLKR or DIVM has an adverse
If the Power Down mode is entered while the A/D is running from the effect on A/D accuracy.
CPU clock (RCCLK=0), the A/D will abort operation and will not
wake up the CPU. The contents of DAC0 will be invalid when
operation does resume.

2001 Aug 06 11
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Code Examples for the A/D

The first piece of sample code shows an example of port configuration for use with the A/D. This example sets up the pins so that all four A/D
channels may be used. Port configuration for analog functions is described in the section Analog Functions.

; Set up port pins for A/D conversion, without affecting other pins.
mov PT0AD,#78h ; Disable digital inputs on A/D input pins.
anl P0M2,#87h ; Disable digital outputs on A/D input pins.
orl P0M1,#78h ; Disable digital outputs on A/D input pins.
Following is an example of using the A/D with interrupts. The routine ADStart begins an A/D conversion using the A/D channel number supplied
in the accumulator. The channel number is not checked for validity. The A/D must previously have been enabled with sufficient time to allow for
stabilization.
The interrupt handler routine reads the conversion value and returns it in memory address ADResult. The interrupt should be enabled prior to
starting the conversion.

; Start A/D conversion.

ADStart:
orl ADCON,A ; Add in the new channel number.
setb ADCS ; Start an A/D conversion.
; orl PCON,#01h ; The CPU could be put into Idle mode here.
; orl PCON,#02h ; The CPU could be put into Power Down mode here if RCCLK = 1.
ret

; A/D interrupt handler.

ADInt:
push ACC ; Save accumulator.
mov A,DAC0 ; Get A/D result,
mov ADResult,A ; and save it in memory.
clr ADCI ; Clear the A/D completion flag.
anl ADCON,#0fch ; Clear the A/D channel number.
pop ACC ; Restore accumulator.
reti
Following is an example of using the A/D with polling. An A/D conversion is started using the channel number supplied in the accumulator. The
channel number is not checked for validity. The A/D must previously have been enabled with sufficient time to allow for stabilization. The
conversion result is returned in the accumulator.

ADRead:
orl ADCON,A ; Add in the new channel number.
setb ADCS ; Start A/D conversion.
ADChk:
jnb ADCI,ADChk ; Wait for ADCI to be set.
mov A,DAC0 ; Get A/D result.
clr ADCI ; Clear the A/D completion flag.
anl ADCON,#0fch ; Clear the A/D channel number.
ret

2001 Aug 06 12
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Analog Comparators The overall connections to both comparators are shown in Figure 5.
Two analog comparators are provided on the 87LPC768. Input and There are eight possible configurations for each comparator, as
output options allow use of the comparators in a number of different determined by the control bits in the corresponding CMPn register:
configurations. Comparator operation is such that the output is a CPn, CNn, and OEn. These configurations are shown in Figure 6.
logical one (which may be read in a register and/or routed to a pin) The comparators function down to a VDD of 3.0V.
when the positive input (one of two selectable pins) is greater than When each comparator is first enabled, the comparator output and
the negative input (selectable from a pin or an internal reference interrupt flag are not guaranteed to be stable for 10 microseconds.
voltage). Otherwise the output is a zero. Each comparator may be The corresponding comparator interrupt should not be enabled
configured to cause an interrupt when the output value changes. during that time, and the comparator interrupt flag must be cleared
Comparator Configuration before the interrupt is enabled in order to prevent an immediate
Each comparator has a control register, CMP1 for comparator 1 and interrupt service.
CMP2 for comparator 2. The control registers are identical and are
shown in Figure 4.

CMPn Address: ACh for CMP1, ADh for CMP2 Reset Value: 00h
Not Bit Addressable

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

— — CEn CPn CNn OEn COn CMFn

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

CMPn.7, 6 — Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
CMPn.5 CEn Comparator enable. When set by software, the corresponding comparator function is enabled.
Comparator output is stable 10 microseconds after CEn is first set.
CMPn.4 CPn Comparator positive input select. When 0, CINnA is selected as the positive comparator input. When
1, CINnB is selected as the positive comparator input.
CMPn.3 CNn Comparator negative input select. When 0, the comparator reference pin CMPREF is selected as
the negative comparator input. When 1, the internal comparator reference Vref is selected as the
negative comparator input.
CMPn.2 OEn Output enable. When 1, the comparator output is connected to the CMPn pin if the comparator is
enabled (CEn = 1). This output is asynchronous to the CPU clock.
CMPn.1 COn Comparator output, synchronized to the CPU clock to allow reading by software. Cleared when the
comparator is disabled (CEn = 0).
CMPn.0 CMFn Comparator interrupt flag. This bit is set by hardware whenever the comparator output COn changes
state. This bit will cause a hardware interrupt if enabled and of sufficient priority. Cleared by
software and when the comparator is disabled (CEn = 0).
SU01152

Figure 4. Comparator Control Registers (CMP1 and CMP2)

2001 Aug 06 13
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

COMPARATOR 1
CP1

(P0.4) CIN1A
+
(P0.3) CIN1B CO1
CMP1 (P0.6)
(P0.5) CMPREF

Vref
– OE1

CN1 CHANGE DETECT

CMF1 INTERRUPT

COMPARATOR 2
CP2

(P0.2) CIN2A
+
(P0.1) CIN2B CO2
CMP2 (P0.0)

– OE2

CN2 CHANGE DETECT

CMF2 INTERRUPT

SU01153

Figure 5. Comparator Input and Output Connections

CPn, CNn, OEn = 0 0 0 CPn, CNn, OEn = 0 0 1

CINnA + CINnA +
COn COn
CMPn
CMPREF – CMPREF –

CPn, CNn, OEn = 0 1 0 CPn, CNn, OEn = 0 1 1

CINnA + CINnA + COn

COn CMPn
Vref (1.23V) – Vref (1.23V) –

CPn, CNn, OEn = 1 0 0 CPn, CNn, OEn = 1 0 1

CINnB + CINnB + COn

COn CMPn
CMPREF – CMPREF –

CPn, CNn, OEn = 1 1 0 CPn, CNn, OEn = 1 1 1

CINnB + CINnB + COn

COn CMPn
Vref (1.23V) – Vref (1.23V) –

SU01154

Figure 6. Comparator Configurations

2001 Aug 06 14
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Internal Reference Voltage wake up the processor. If the comparator output to a pin is enabled,
An internal reference voltage generator may supply a default the pin should be configured in the push-pull mode in order to obtain
reference when a single comparator input pin is used. The value of fast switching times while in power down mode. The reason is that
the internal reference voltage, referred to as Vref, is 1.28 V ±10%. with the oscillator stopped, the temporary strong pull-up that
normally occurs during switching on a quasi-bidirectional port pin
Comparator Interrupt does not take place.
Each comparator has an interrupt flag CMFn contained in its
configuration register. This flag is set whenever the comparator Comparators consume power in Power Down and Idle modes, as
output changes state. The flag may be polled by software or may be well as in the normal operating mode. This fact should be taken into
used to generate an interrupt. The interrupt will be generated when account when system power consumption is an issue.
the corresponding enable bit ECn in the IEN1 register is set and the
Comparator Configuration Example
interrupt system is enabled via the EA bit in the IEN0 register.
The code shown in Figure 7 is an example of initializing one
Comparators and Power Reduction Modes comparator. Comparator 1 is configured to use the CIN1A and
Either or both comparators may remain enabled when Power Down CMPREF inputs, outputs the comparator result to the CMP1 pin,
or Idle mode is activated. The comparators will continue to function and generates an interrupt when the comparator output changes.
in the power reduction mode. If a comparator interrupt is enabled, a The interrupt routine used for the comparator must clear the
change of the comparator output state will generate an interrupt and interrupt flag (CMF1 in this case) before returning.

CmpInit:
mov PT0AD,#30h ; Disable digital inputs on pins that are used
; for analog functions: CIN1A, CMPREF.
anl P0M2,#0cfh ; Disable digital outputs on pins that are used
orl P0M1,#30h ; for analog functions: CIN1A, CMPREF.
mov CMP1,#24h ; Turn on comparator 1 and set up for:
; – Positive input on CIN1A.
; – Negative input from CMPREF pin.
; – Output to CMP1 pin enabled.
call delay10us ; The comparator has to start up for at
; least 10 microseconds before use.
anl CMP1,#0feh ; Clear comparator 1 interrupt flag.
setb EC1 ; Enable the comparator 1 interrupt. The
; priority is left at the current value.
setb EA ; Enable the interrupt system (if needed).
ret ; Return to caller.
SU01189

Figure 7.

Pulse Width Modulator clock, and therefore the PWM counter clock, has the same
The 87LPC768 contains four Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) frequency as the clock source defined by the FOSC bits in UCFG1.
channels which generate pulses of programmable length and When bit 3 in the UCFG1 register is a “0” the microcontroller and
interval. The output for PWM0 is on P0.1, PWM1 on P1.6, PWM2 PWM counter clocks operate at half the frequency of clock source
on P1.7 and PWM3 on P0.1. After chip reset the internal output of defined by the FOSC bits in UCFG1. When the counter reaches
the each PWM channel is a “1.” Note that the state of the pin will underflow it is reloaded with a user selectable value. This
not reflect this if UCFG1.5, PRHI, is set to a zero. In this case mechanism allows the user to set the PWM frequency at any integer
before the pin will reflect the state of the internal PWM output a “1” sub–multiple of the microcontroller clock frequency. The repetition
must be written to each port bit that serves as a PWM output. A frequency of the PWM is given by:
block diagram is shown in Figure 8.
fPWM = FC / (CNSW+1)
The interval between successive outputs is controlled by a 10–bit
where CNSW is contained in CNSW0 and CNSW1 as described in
down counter which uses the internal microcontroller clock as its
the following tables.
input. When bit 3 in the UCFG1 register is a “1” the microcontroller

2001 Aug 06 15
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

CNSW0: Counter Shadow register 0

Addr: 0D1H
Reset Value: FFH
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CNSW7 CNSW6 CNSW5 CNSW4 CNSW3 CNSW2 CNSW1 CNSW0

CNSW1: Counter Shadow register 1

Addr: 0D2H
Reset Value: FFH
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused Unused CNSW9 CNSW8

The word “Shadow” in the above refers to the fact that writes are not holding register, into the register which contains the actual reload
into the register that controls the counter; rather they are into a value, is controlled by the user’s program.
holding register. As described below the transfer of data from this

INTERNAL BUS

10 BIT SHADOW 10 BIT SHADOW 10 BIT SHADOW 10 BIT SHADOW 10 BIT SHADOW
REGISTER REGISTER REGISTER REGISTER REGISTER

10 BIT COUNTER 10 BIT COMPARE 10 BIT COMPARE 10 BIT COMPARE 10 BIT COMPARE
REGISTER REGISTER REGISTER REGISTER REGISTER

10 BIT COUNTER
A B A B A B A B

A>B A>B A>B A>B

RUN XFER
PWM3I PWM2I PWM1I PWM0I

BRAKE

BKCH BKPS BPEN BKEN PWM3B PWM2B PWM1B PWM0B

2:1 MUX 2:1 MUX 2:1 MUX 2:1 MUX

BRAKE CONTROL LOGIC

PWM3 PWM2 PWM1 PWM0

SU01364

Figure 8. PWM Block Diagram

2001 Aug 06 16
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

The width of each PWM output pulse is determined by the value in special cases. A compare value of all zeroes, 000, causes the
the appropriate compare shadow registers, CPSW0 through output to remain permanently high. A compare value of all ones,
CPSW4, CPSW0–3 for bits 0–7 and CPSW4 for bits 7 and 8. When 3FF, results in the PWM output remaining permanently low. Again
the counter described above reaches underflow the PWM output is the compare value is loaded into a shadow register. The transfer
forced high. It remains high until the compare value is reached at from this holding register to the actual compare register is under
which point it goes low until the next underflow. The number of program control.
microcontroller clock pulses that the PWMn output is high is given
The register assignments are shown below where the number
by:
immediately following “CPSW” identifies the PWM output. Thus
tHI = (CNSW – CPSWn+1) CPSW0 controls the width of PWM0, CPSW1 the width of PWM1
etc. In the case of two digits following “CPSW,” e.g. CPSW00, the
A compare value greater than the counter reload value results in the
second digit refers to the bit of the compare value. Thus CPSW00
PWM output being permanently high. In addition there are two
represents the value loaded into bit 0 of the PWM0 compare register

CPSW0: Compare Shadow register 0

Addr: 0D3H
Reset Value: 00H
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPSW07 CPSW06 CPSW05 CPSW04 CPSW03 CPSW02 CPSW01 CPSW00

CPSW1: Compare Shadow register 1

Addr: 0D4H
Reset Value: 00H
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPSW17 CPSW16 CPSW15 CPSW14 CPSW13 CPSW12 CPSW11 CPSW10

CPSW2: Compare Shadow register 2

Addr: 0D5H
Reset Value: 00H
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPSW27 CPSW26 CPSW25 CPSW24 CPSW23 CPSW22 CPSW21 CPSW20

CPSW3: Compare Shadow register 3

Addr: 0D6H
Reset Value: 00H
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPSW37 CPSW36 CPSW35 CPSW34 CPSW33 CPSW32 CPSW31 CPSW30

CPSW4: Compare Shadow register 4

Addr: 0D7H
Reset Value: 00H
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPSW39 CPSW38 CPSW29 CPSW28 CPSW19 CPSW18 CPSW09 CPSW08

The overall functioning of the PWM module is controlled by the PWMCON1 is written with Transfer set without Run being enabled
contents of the PWMCON0 register. The operation of most of the the transfer will never take place. Thus if a subsequent write sets
control bits is straightforward. For example there is an invert bit for Run without Transfer the compare and counter values will not be
each output which causes results in the output to have the opposite those expected. If Transfer and Run are set, and prior to underflow
value compared to its non-inverted output. The transfer of the data there is a subsequent load of PWMCON0 which sets Run but not
from the shadow registers to the control registers is controlled by the Transfer, the transfer will never take place. Again the compare and
PWMCON0.6 while PWMCON0.7 allows the PWM to be either in counter values that existed prior to the update attempt will be used.
the run or idle state. The user can monitor when underflow causes As outlined above the Transfer bit can be polled to determine when
the transfer to occur by monitoring the Transfer bit, PWCON0.6. the transfer occurs. Unless there is a compelling reason to do
When the transfer takes place the PWM logic automatically resets otherwise, it is recommended that both Run, PWMCON0.7, and
this bit. Transfer, PWMCON0.7, be set when PWMCON0 is written.
The fact that the transfer from the shadow to the working registers When the Run bit, PWMCON0.7, is cleared the PWM outputs take
only occurs when there is an underflow in the counter results in the on the state they had just prior to the bit being cleared. In general
need for the user’s program to observe the following precautions. If this state is not known. In order to place the outputs in a known

2001 Aug 06 17
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

state when Run is cleared the Compare registers can be written to section concerning the operation of PWMCON1) is not used to
either the “always 1” or “always 0” so the output will have the output control the brake function, the “Brake when not running” function can
desired when the counter is halted. After this PWMCON0 should be be used to cause the outputs to have a given state when the PWM
written with the Transfer and Run bits are enabled. After this is is halted. This approach should be used only in time critical
done PWMCON0 to is polled to find that the Transfer has taken situations when there is not sufficient time to use the approach
place. Once the transfer has occurred the Run bit in PWMCON0 outlined above since going from the Brake state to run without
can be cleared. The outputs will retain the state they had just prior causing an undefined state on the outputs is not straightforward. A
to the Run being cleared. If the Brake pin (see discussion below in discussion on this topic is included in the section on PWMCON1.

PWMCON0: PWM Control register 0

Addr: 0DAH 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Reset Value: 00H RUN XFER PWM3I PWM2I – PWM1I PWM0I –

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

PWMCON0.7 RUN 0= Counter Halted & Preset Value loaded. If Brake is asserted, PWMx output will be equal to the
value of the corresponding PWMxB bit (PWMCON1[3:0]). If Brake is not asserted, PWMx
output will be equal to the Value after compare
1= Counter run
PWMCON0.6 XFER 0= Counter & Compare shadow registers are not connected to the active registers
1= Shadow register contents transferred to active registers, at the next Counter underflow This bit
is auto–cleared by hardware after the data transfer from shadow to active registers
PWMCON0.5 PWM3I 0= PWM3 output is non–inverted. Output is a ‘1’ from the start of the cycle until compare; ’0’
thereafter.
1= PWM3 output is inverted. Output is a ‘0’ from the start of the cycle until compare; ’0’ thereafter.
PWMCON0.4 PWM2I 0= PWM2 output is non–inverted. Output is a ‘1’ from the start of the cycle until compare; ’0’
thereafter.
1= PWM2 output is inverted. Output is ‘0’ from the start of the cycle until compare; ’1’ thereafter.
PWMCON0.2 PWM1I 0= PWM1 output is non–inverted. Output is a ‘1’ from the start of the cycle until compare; ’0’
thereafter.
1= PWM1 output is inverted. Output is ‘0’ from the start of the cycle until compare; ’1’ thereafter.
PWMCON0.1 PWM0I 0= PWM0 output is non–inverted. Output is a ‘1’ from the start of the cycle until compare; ’0’
thereafter.
1= PWM0 output is inverted. Output is ‘0’ from the start of the cycle until compare; ’1’ thereafter.

SU01387

The Brake function, which is controlled by the contents of the needed if the Brake signal can be of insufficient length to ensure
PWMCON1 register, is somewhat unique. In general when Brake is that it can be captured by a polling routine.
asserted the four PWM outputs are forced to a user selected state,
When, after being asserted, the condition causing the brake is
namely the state selected by PWMCON1 bits 0 to 3.
removed, the PWM outputs go to whatever state that had
As shown in the description of the operation of the PWMCON1 immediately prior to the brake. This means that in order to go from
register if PWMCON1.4 is a “1” brake is asserted under the control brake being asserted to having the PWM run without going through
PWMCON1.7, BKCH, and PWMCON1.5, BPEN. As shown if both an indeterminate state care must be taken. If the Brake Pin causes
are a “0” Brake is asserted. If PWMCON1.7 is a “1” brake is brake to be asserted the following prototype code will allow the
asserted when the run bit, PWMCON0.7, is a “0.” If PWMCON1.6 is PWM to go from brake to run smoothly.
a “1” brake is asserted when the Brake Pin, P0.2, has the same • Rewrite PWMCON1 to change from Brake Pin enabled to S/W
polarity as PWMCON1.6. When brake is asserted in response to
Brake
this pin the RUN bit, PWMCON0.7, is automatically cleared. The
combination of both PWMCON1.7 and PWMCON1.5 being a “1” is • Write CPSW.(0:4) to always “1”, 11 h, or always “0” 00 h, to give
not allowed. brake pattern
Since the Brake Pin being asserted will automatically clear the Run • Set PWMCON0 to enable Run and Transfer.
bit, PWMCON0.7, the user program can poll this bit to determine
when the Brake Pin causes a brake to occur. The other method for
• Poll Brake Pin until it is no longer active. When no longer active:
detecting a brake caused by the Brake Pin would be to tie the Brake
Pin to one of the external interrupt pins. This latter approach is

2001 Aug 06 18
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

• Poll PWMCON0 to find that Transfer Bit PWMCON0.6 is “0”. Note that if a narrow pulse on the Brake Pin causes brake to be
asserted, it may not be possible to go through the above code
When “0”:
before the end of the pulse. In this case, in addition to the code
• Write CNSW.(0:1) and CPSW.(0:4) for desired pulse widths and shown, an external latch on the Brake Pin may be required to
counter reload values ensure that there is a smooth transition in going from brake to run.
• Set PWMCON0 to Run and Transfer The details for PWMCON1 are shown in the following table.

PWMCON1: PWM Control register 1

Addr: 0DBH 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Reset Value: 00H BKCH BKPS BPEN BKEN PWM3B PWM2B PWM1B PWM0B

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

PWMCON1.7 BKCH See table below
PWMCON1.6 BKPS 0= ”Brake” is asserted if P0.2(Brake Pin) is low.
1= ”Brake” is asserted if P0.2(Brake Pin) is high.
PWMCON1.5 BPEN See table below.
PWMCON1.4 BKEN 0= ”Brake” is never asserted.
1= ”Brake” is enabled per table below.
PWMCON1.3 PWM3B 0= PWM3 is low, when Brake is asserted.
1= PWM3 is high, when Brake is asserted.
PWMCON1.2 PWM2B 0= PWM2 is low, when Brake is asserted.
1= PWM2 is high, when Brake is asserted.
PWMCON1.1 PWM1B 0= PWM1 is low, when Brake is asserted.
1= PWM1 is high, when Brake is asserted.
PWMCON1.0 PWM0B 0= PWM0 is low, when Brake is asserted.
1= PWM0 is high, when Brake is asserted.

BPEN BKCH BRAKE CONDITION

0 0 Always On, (Software Brake)
0 1 On when PWM not running (Brake Pin has no effect)
1 0 On when Brake Pin asserted (PWM run has no effect)
1 1 Not Allowed
SU01388

2001 Aug 06 19
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

I2C Serial Interface

The I2C bus uses two wires (SDA and SCL) to transfer information problems. SCL “stuck low” indicates a faulty master or slave. SCL
between devices connected to the bus. The main features of the “stuck high” may mean a faulty device, or that noise induced onto
bus are: the I2C bus caused all masters to withdraw from I2C arbitration.
• Bidirectional data transfer between masters and slaves. The first five of these times are 4.7 ms (see I2C specification) and
• Serial addressing of slaves (no added wiring). are covered by the low order three bits of timer I. Timer I is clocked
by the 87LPC768 CPU clock. Timer I can be pre-loaded with one of
• Acknowledgment after each transferred byte. four values to optimize timing for different oscillator frequencies. At
• Multimaster bus. lower frequencies, software response time is increased and will
degrade maximum performance of the I2C bus. See special function
• Arbitration between simultaneously transmitting masters without register I2CFG description for prescale values (CT0, CT1).
corruption of serial data on bus.
The MAXIMUM SCL CHANGE time is important, but its exact span
The I2C subsystem includes hardware to simplify the software required is not critical. The complete 10 bits of timer I are used to count out
to drive the I2C bus. The hardware is a single bit interface which in the maximum time. When I2C operation is enabled, this counter is
addition to including the necessary arbitration and framing error cleared by transitions on the SCL pin. The timer does not run
checks, includes clock stretching and a bus timeout timer. The between I2C frames (i.e., whenever reset or stop occurred more
interface is synchronized to software either through polled loops recently than the last start). When this counter is running, it will carry
or interrupts. out after 1020 to 1023 machine cycles have elapsed since a change
on SCL. A carry out causes a hardware reset of the I2C interface
Refer to the application note AN422, entitled “Using the 8XC751 and generates an interrupt if the Timer I interrupt is enabled. In
Microcontroller as an I2C Bus Master” for additional discussion of cases where the bus hang-up is due to a lack of software response
the 8xC76x I2C interface and sample driver routines. by this device, the reset releases SCL and allows I2C operation
The 87LPC768 I2C implementation duplicates that of the 87C751 among other devices to continue.
and 87C752 except for the following details: Timer I is enabled to run, and will reset the I2C interface upon
• The interrupt vector addresses for both the I2C interrupt and the overflow, if the TIRUN bit in the I2CFG register is set. The Timer I
Timer I interrupt. interrupt may be enabled via the ETI bit in IEN1, and its priority set
by the PTIH and PTI bits in the Ip1H and IP1 registers respectively.
• The I2C SFR addresses (I2CON, !2CFG, I2DAT).
I2C Interrupts
• The location of the I2C interrupt enable bit and the name of the If I2C interrupts are enabled (EA and EI2 are both set to 1), an I2C
SFR it is located within (EI2 is Bit 0 in IEN1). interrupt will occur whenever the ATN flag is set by a start, stop,
• The location of the Timer I interrupt enable bit and the name of the arbitration loss, or data ready condition (refer to the description of ATN
SFR it is located within (ETI is Bit 7 in IEN1). following). In practice, it is not efficient to operate the I2C interface in
this fashion because the I2C interrupt service routine would somehow
• The I2C and Timer I interrupts have a settable priority. have to distinguish between hundreds of possible conditions. Also,
since I2C can operate at a fairly high rate, the software may execute
Timer I is used to both control the timing of the I2C bus and also to faster if the code simply waits for the I2C interface.
detect a “bus locked” condition, by causing an interrupt when
nothing happens on the I2C bus for an inordinately long period of Typically, the I2C interrupt should only be used to indicate a start
time while a transmission is in progress. If this interrupt occurs, the condition at an idle slave device, or a stop condition at an idle master
program has the opportunity to attempt to correct the fault and device (if it is waiting to use the I2C bus). This is accomplished by
resume I2C operation. enabling the I2C interrupt only during the aforementioned conditions.

Six time spans are important in I2C operation and are insured by timer I: Reading I2CON
• The MINIMUM HIGH time for SCL when this device is the master. RDAT The data from SDA is captured into “Receive DATa”
whenever a rising edge occurs on SCL. RDAT is also
• The MINIMUM LOW time for SCL when this device is a master. available (with seven low-order zeros) in the I2DAT
This is not very important for a single-bit hardware interface like register. The difference between reading it here and
this one, because the SCL low time is stretched until the software there is that reading I2DAT clears DRDY, allowing the
responds to the I2C flags. The software response time normally I2C to proceed on to another bit. Typically, the first
meets or exceeds the MIN LO time. In cases where the software seven bits of a received byte are read from
responds within MIN HI + MIN LO) time, timer I will ensure that I2DAT, while the 8th is read here. Then I2DAT can be
the minimum time is met. written to send the Acknowledge bit and clear DRDY.
• The MINIMUM SCL HIGH TO SDA HIGH time in a stop condition. ATN “ATteNtion” is 1 when one or more of DRDY, ARL, STR, or
• The MINIMUM SDA HIGH TO SDA LOW time between I2C stop STP is 1. Thus, ATN comprises a single bit that can be
tested to release the I2C service routine from a “wait loop.”
and start conditions (4.7ms, see I2C specification).
• The MINIMUM SDA LOW TO SCL LOW time in a start condition.
DRDY “Data ReaDY” (and thus ATN) is set when a rising edge
occurs on SCL, except at idle slave. DRDY is cleared
• The MAXIMUM SCL CHANGE time while an I2C frame is in by writing CDR = 1, or by writing or reading the I2DAT
progress. A frame is in progress between a start condition and the register. The following low period on SCL is stretched
following stop condition. This time span serves to detect a lack of until the program responds by clearing DRDY.
software response on this device as well as external I2C

2001 Aug 06 20
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

I2CON Address: D8h Reset Value: 81h

Bit Addressable*

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
READ RDAT ATN DRDY ARL STR STP MASTER —

WRITE CXA IDLE CDR CARL CSTR CSTP XSTR XSTP

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

I2CON.7 RDAT Read: the most recently received data bit.
“ CXA Write: clears the transmit active flag.
I2CON.6 ATN Read: ATN = 1 if any of the flags DRDY, ARL, STP, or STP = 1.
“ IDLE Write: in the I2C slave mode, writing a 1 to this bit causes the I2C hardware to ignore the bus until it
is needed again.
I2CON.5 DRDY Read: Data Ready flag, set when there is a rising edge on SCL.
“ CDR Write: writing a 1 to this bit clears the DRDY flag.
I2CON.4 ARL Read: Arbitration Loss flag, set when arbitration is lost while in the transmit mode.
“ CARL Write: writing a 1 to this bit clears the CARL flag.
I2CON.3 STR Read: Start flag, set when a start condition is detected at a master or non-idle slave.
“ CSTR Write: writing a 1 to this bit clears the STR flag.
I2CON.2 STP Read: Stop flag, set when a stop condition is detected at a master or non-idle slave.
“ CSTP Write: writing a 1 to this bit clears the STP flag.
I2CON.1 MASTER Read: indicates whether this device is currently as bus master.
“ XSTR Write: writing a 1 to this bit causes a repeated start condition to be generated.
I2CON.0 — Read: undefined.
“ XSTP Write: writing a 1 to this bit causes a stop condition to be generated.

* Due to the manner in which bit addressing is implemented in the 80C51 family, the I2CON register should never be altered by
use of the SETB, CLR, CPL, MOV (bit), or JBC instructions. This is due to the fact that read and write functions of this register
are different. Testing of I2CON bits via the JB and JNB instructions is supported.
SU01155

Figure 9. I2C Control Register (I2CON)

I2DAT Address: D9h Reset Value: xxh

Not Bit Addressable

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
READ RDAT — — — — — — —

WRITE XDAT — — — — — — —

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

I2DAT.7 RDAT Read: the most recently received data bit, captured from SDA at every rising edge of SCL. Reading
I2DAT also clears DRDY and the Transmit Active state.
“ XDAT Write: sets the data for the next transmitted bit. Writing I2DAT also clears DRDY and sets the
Transmit Active state.
I2DAT.6–0 – Unused.
SU01156

Figure 10. I2 C Data Register (I2DAT)

2001 Aug 06 21
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Checking ATN and DRDY bit position in the message, it may then write I2CON with one or
When a program detects ATN = 1, it should next check DRDY. If more of the following bits, or it may read or write the I2DAT register.
DRDY = 1, then if it receives the last bit, it should capture the data
CXA Writing a 1 to “Clear Xmit Active” clears the Transmit
from RDAT (in I2DAT or I2CON). Next, if the next bit is to be sent, it
Active state. (Reading the I2DAT register also does this.)
should be written to I2DAT. One way or another, it should clear
DRDY and then return to monitoring ATN. Note that if any of ARL, Regarding Transmit Active
STR, or STP is set, clearing DRDY will not release SCL to high, so Transmit Active is set by writing the I2DAT register, or by writing
that the I2C will not go on to the next bit. If a program detects I2CON with XSTR = 1 or XSTP = 1. The I2C interface will only drive
ATN = 1, and DRDY = 0, it should go on to examine ARL, STR, the SDA line low when Transmit Active is set, and the ARL bit will
and STP. only be set to 1 when Transmit Active is set. Transmit Active is
ARL “Arbitration Loss” is 1 when transmit Active was set, but cleared by reading the I2DAT register, or by writing I2CON with CXA
this device lost arbitration to another transmitter. = 1. Transmit Active is automatically cleared when ARL is 1.
Transmit Active is cleared when ARL is 1. There are IDLE Writing 1 to “IDLE” causes a slave’s I2C hardware to
four separate cases in which ARL is set. ignore the I2C until the next start condition (but if
1. If the program sent a 1 or repeated start, but another MASTRQ is 1, then a stop condition will cause this
device sent a 0, or a stop, so that SDA is 0 at the rising device to become a master).
edge of SCL. (If the other device sent a stop, the setting CDR Writing a 1 to “Clear Data Ready” clears DRDY.
of ARL will be followed shortly by STP being set.) (Reading or writing the I2DAT register also does this.)
2. If the program sent a 1, but another device sent a CARL Writing a 1 to “Clear Arbitration Loss” clears the ARL bit.
repeated start, and it drove SDA low before SCL
could be driven low. (This type of ARL is always CSTR Writing a 1 to “Clear STaRt” clears the STR bit.
accompanied by STR = 1.) CSTP Writing a 1 to “Clear SToP” clears the STP bit. Note that
3. In master mode, if the program sent a repeated start, if one or more of DRDY, ARL, STR, or STP is 1, the low
but another device sent a 1, and it drove SCL low time of SCL is stretched until the service routine
before this device could drive SDA low. responds by clearing them.

4. In master mode, if the program sent stop, but it could XSTR Writing 1s to “Xmit repeated STaRt” and CDR tells the
not be sent because another device sent a 0. I2C hardware to send a repeated start condition. This
should only be at a master. Note that XSTR need not
STR “STaRt” is set to a 1 when an I2C start condition is and should not be used to send an “initial”
detected at a non-idle slave or at a master. (STR is not (non-repeated) start; it is sent automatically by the I2C
set when an idle slave becomes active due to a start hardware. Writing XSTR = 1 includes the effect of
bit; the slave has nothing useful to do until the rising writing I2DAT with XDAT = 1; it sets Transmit Active
edge of SCL sets DRDY.) and releases SDA to high during the SCL low time.
STP “SToP” is set to 1 when an I2C stop condition is After SCL goes high, the I2C hardware waits for the
detected at a non-idle slave or at a master. (STP is not suitable minimum time and then drives SDA low to
set for a stop condition at an idle slave.) make the start condition.

MASTER “MASTER” is 1 if this device is currently a master on XSTP Writing 1s to “Xmit SToP” and CDR tells the I2C
the I2C. MASTER is set when MASTRQ is 1 and the hardware to send a stop condition. This should only be
bus is not busy (i.e., if a start bit hasn’t been done at a master. If there are no more messages to
received since reset or a “Timer I” time-out, or if a stop initiate, the service routine should clear the MASTRQ
has been received since the last start). MASTER is bit in I2CFG to 0 before writing XSTP with 1. Writing
cleared when ARL is set, or after the software writes XSTP = 1 includes the effect of writing I2DAT with
MASTRQ = 0 and then XSTP = 1. XDAT = 0; it sets Transmit Active and drives SDA low
during the SCL low time. After SCL goes high, the I2C
Writing I2CON hardware waits for the suitable minimum time and then
Typically, for each bit in an I2C message, a service routine waits for releases SDA to high to make the stop condition.
ATN = 1. Based on DRDY, ARL, STR, and STP, and on the current

2001 Aug 06 22
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

I2CFG Address: C8h Reset Value: 00h

Not Bit Addressable

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

SLAVEN MASTRQ CLRTI TIRUN — — CT1 CT0

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

I2CFG.7 SLAVEN Slave Enable. Writing a 1 this bit enables the slave functions of the I2C subsystem. If SLAVEN and
MASTRQ are 0, the I2C hardware is disabled. This bit is cleared to 0 by reset and by an I2C
time-out.
I2CFG.6 MASTRQ Master Request. Writing a 1 to this bit requests mastership of the I2C bus. If a transmission is in
progress when this bit is changed from 0 to 1, action is delayed until a stop condition is detected. A
start condition is sent and DRDY is set (thus making ATN = 1 and generating an I2C interrupt).
When a master wishes to release mastership status of the I2C, it writes a 1 to XSTP in I2CON.
MASTRQ is cleared by an I2C time-out.
I2CFG.5 CLRTI Writing a 1 to this bit clears the Timer I overflow flag. This bit position always reads as a 0.
I2CFG.4 TIRUN Writing a 1 to this bit lets Timer I run; a zero stops and clears it. Together with SLAVEN, MASTRQ,
and MASTER, this bit determines operational modes as shown in Table 1.
I2CFG.2, 3 — Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
I2CFG.1, 0 CT1, CT0 These two bits are programmed as a function of the CPU clock rate, to optimize the MIN HI and LO
time of SCL when this device is a master on the I2C. The time value determined by these bits
controls both of these parameters, and also the timing for stop and start conditions.

SU01157

Figure 11. I2C Configuration Register (I2CFG)

Regarding Software Response Time first line of the table where CPU clock max is greater than or equal
Because the 87LPC768 can run at 20 MHz, and because the I2C to the actual frequency.
interface is optimized for high-speed operation, it is quite likely that
Table 2 also shows the machine cycle count for various settings of
an I2C service routine will sometimes respond to DRDY (which is set
CT1/CT0. This allows calculation of the actual minimum high and
at a rising edge of SCL) and write I2DAT before SCL has gone low
low times for SCL as follows:
again. If XDAT were applied directly to SDA, this situation would
produce an I2C protocol violation. The programmer need not worry
about this possibility because XDAT is applied to SDA only when SCL min highńlow time (in microseconds) + 6 * Min Time Count
CPU clock (in MHz)
SCL is low.
Conversely, a program that includes an I2C service routine may take
a long time to respond to DRDY. Typically, an I2C routine operates For instance, at an 8 MHz frequency, with CT1/CT0 set to 1 0, the
on a flag-polling basis during a message, with interrupts from other minimum SCL high and low times will be 5.25 µs.
peripheral functions enabled. If an interrupt occurs, it will delay the Table 2 also shows the Timer I timeout period (given in machine
response of the I2C service routine. The programmer need not worry cycles) for each CT1/CT0 combination. The timeout period varies
about this very much either, because the I2C hardware stretches the because of the way in which minimum SCL high and low times are
SCL low time until the service routine responds. The only constraint measured. When the I2C interface is operating, Timer I is pre-loaded
on the response is that it must not exceed the Timer I time-out. at every SCL transition with a value dependent upon CT1/CT0. The
Values to be used in the CT1 and CT0 bits are shown in Table 2. To pre-load value is chosen such that a minimum SCL high or low time
allow the I2C bus to run at the maximum rate for a particular has elapsed when Timer I reaches a count of 008 (the actual value
oscillator frequency, compare the actual oscillator rate to the f OSC pre-loaded into Timer I is 8 minus the machine cycle count).
max column in the table. The value for CT1 and CT0 is found in the

2001 Aug 06 23
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Table 3. Interaction of TIRUN with SLAVEN, MASTRQ, and MASTER

SLAVEN,
MASTRQ, TIRUN OPERATING MODE
MASTER
The I2C interface is disabled. Timer I is cleared and does not run. This is the state assumed after a reset. If an I2C
All 0 0
application wants to ignore the I2C at certain times, it should write SLAVEN, MASTRQ, and TIRUN all to zero.
All 0 1 The I2C interface is disabled.
The I2C interface is enabled. The 3 low-order bits of Timer I run for min-time generation, but the hi-order bits do
Any or all 1 0
not, so that there is no checking for I2C being “hung.” This configuration can be used for very slow I2C operation.
The I2C interface is enabled. Timer I runs during frames on the I2C, and is cleared by transitions on SCL, and by
Any or all 1 1
Start and Stop conditions. This is the normal state for I2C operation.

Table 4. CT1, CT0 Values

Min Time Count CPU Clock Max Timeout Period
CT1, CT0
(Machine Cycles) (for 100 kHz I2C) (Machine Cycles)
10 7 8.4 MHz 1023
01 6 7.2 MHz 1022
00 5 6.0 MHz 1021
11 4 4.8 MHz 1020

Interrupts of the same or lower priority. The highest priority interrupt service
The 87LPC768 uses a four priority level interrupt structure. This cannot be interrupted by any other interrupt source. So, if two
allows great flexibility in controlling the handling of the 87LPC768’s many requests of different priority levels are received simultaneously, the
interrupt sources. The 87LPC768 supports up to 13 interrupt sources. request of higher priority level is serviced.

Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled by If requests of the same priority level are received simultaneously, an
setting or clearing a bit in registers IEN0 or IEN1. The IEN0 internal polling sequence determines which request is serviced. This
register also contains a global disable bit, EA, which disables all is called the arbitration ranking. Note that the arbitration ranking is
interrupts at once. only used to resolve simultaneous requests of the same priority level.

Each interrupt source can be individually programmed to one of four Table 3 summarizes the interrupt sources, flag bits, vector
priority levels by setting or clearing bits in the IP0, IP0H, IP1, and addresses, enable bits, priority bits, arbitration ranking, and whether
IP1H registers. An interrupt service routine in progress can be each interrupt may wake up the CPU from Power Down mode.
interrupted by a higher priority interrupt, but not by another interrupt

Table 5. Summary of Interrupts

Interrupt Vector Interrupt Interrupt Arbitration Power Down
Description
Flag Bit(s) Address Enable Bit(s) Priority Ranking Wakeup
External Interrupt 0 IE0 0003h EX0 (IEN0.0) IP0H.0, IP0.0 1 (highest) Yes
Timer 0 Interrupt TF0 000Bh ET0 (IEN0.1) IP0H.1, IP0.1 4 No
External Interrupt 1 IE1 0013h EX1 (IEN0.2) IP0H.2, IP0.2 7 Yes
Timer 1 Interrupt TF1 001Bh ET1 (IEN0.3) IP0H.3, IP0.3 10 No
Serial Port Tx and Rx TI & RI 0023h ES (IEN0.4) IP0H.4, IP0.4 12 No
Brownout Detect BOD 002Bh EBO (IEN0.5) IP0H.5, IP0.5 2 Yes
I2C Interrupt ATN 0033h EI2 (IEN1.0) IP1H.0, IP1.0 5 No
KBI Interrupt KBF 003Bh EKB (IEN1.1) IP1H.1, IP1.1 8 Yes
Comparator 2 interrupt CMF2 0043h EC2 (IEN1.2) IP1H.2, IP1.2 11 Yes
Watchdog Timer WDOVF 0053h EWD (IEN0.6) IP0H.6, IP0.6 3 Yes
A/D Converter ADCI 005Bh EAD (IEN1.4) IP1H.4, IP1.4 6 Yes
Comparator 1 interrupt CMF1 0063h EC1 (IEN1.5) IP1H.5, IP1.5 9 Yes
Timer 1 interrupt – 0073h ETI (IEN 1.7) Ip1H.7, IP1.7 13 (lowest) No

2001 Aug 06 24
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

External Interrupt Inputs transition-activated, the external source has to hold the request pin
The 87LPC768 has two individual interrupt inputs as well as the high for at least one machine cycle, and then hold it low for at least
Keyboard Interrupt function. The latter is described separately one machine cycle. This is to ensure that the transition is seen and
elsewhere in this section. The two interrupt inputs are identical to that interrupt request flag IEn is set. IEn is automatically cleared by
those present on the standard 80C51 microcontroller. the CPU when the service routine is called.
The external sources can be programmed to be level-activated or If the external interrupt is level-activated, the external source must
transition-activated by setting or clearing bit IT1 or IT0 in Register hold the request active until the requested interrupt is actually
TCON. If ITn = 0, external interrupt n is triggered by a detected low generated. If the external interrupt is still asserted when the interrupt
at the INTn pin. If ITn = 1, external interrupt n is edge triggered. In service routine is completed another interrupt will be generated. It is
this mode if successive samples of the INTn pin show a high in one not necessary to clear the interrupt flag IEn when the interrupt is
cycle and a low in the next cycle, interrupt request flag IEn in TCON level sensitive, it simply tracks the input pin level.
is set, causing an interrupt request.
If an external interrupt is enabled when the 87LPC768 is put into
Since the external interrupt pins are sampled once each machine Power Down or Idle mode, the interrupt will cause the processor to
cycle, an input high or low should hold for at least 6 CPU Clocks to wake up and resume operation. Refer to the section on Power
ensure proper sampling. If the external interrupt is Reduction Modes for details.

IE0
EX0

IE1
EX1 WAKEUP
(IF IN POWER
DOWN)
BOD
EBO

EA
KBF (FROM IEN0 INTERRUPT
EKB REGISTER) TO CPU

TF0
CM2
ET0
EC2

TF1
WDT
ET1
EWD

RI + TI
ADC
ES
EAD

CM1 ATN

EC1 EI2

SU01353

Figure 12. Interrupt Sources, Interrupt Enables, and Power Down Wakeup Sources

2001 Aug 06 25
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

I/O Ports input and output without the need to reconfigure the port. This is
The 87LPC768 has 3 I/O ports, port 0, port 1, and port 2. The exact possible because when the port outputs a logic high, it is weakly
number of I/O pins available depend upon the oscillator and reset driven, allowing an external device to pull the pin low. When the pin
options chosen. At least 15 pins of the 87LPC768 may be used as is pulled low, it is driven strongly and able to sink a fairly large
I/Os when a two-pin external oscillator and an external reset circuit current. These features are somewhat similar to an open drain
are used. Up to 18 pins may be available if fully on-chip oscillator output except that there are three pull-up transistors in the
and reset configurations are chosen. quasi-bidirectional output that serve different purposes.

All but three I/O port pins on the 87LPC768 may be software One of these pull-ups, called the “very weak” pull-up, is turned on
configured to one of four types on a bit-by-bit basis, as shown in whenever the port latch for the pin contains a logic 1. The very weak
Table 4. These are: quasi-bidirectional (standard 80C51 port pull-up sources a very small current that will pull the pin high if it is
outputs), push-pull, open drain, and input only. Two configuration left floating.
registers for each port choose the output type for each port pin. A second pull-up, called the “weak” pull-up, is turned on when the
port latch for the pin contains a logic 1 and the pin itself is also at a
Table 6. Port Output Configuration Settings logic 1 level. This pull-up provides the primary source current for a
quasi-bidirectional pin that is outputting a 1. If a pin that has a logic 1
PxM1.y PxM2.y Port Output Mode
on it is pulled low by an external device, the weak pull-up turns off,
0 0 Quasi-bidirectional and only the very weak pull-up remains on. In order to pull the pin
0 1 Push-Pull low under these conditions, the external device has to sink enough
current to overpower the weak pull-up and take the voltage on the
1 0 Input Only (High Impedance)
port pin below its input threshold.
1 1 Open Drain
The third pull-up is referred to as the “strong” pull-up. This pull-up is
used to speed up low-to-high transitions on a quasi-bidirectional port
Quasi-Bidirectional Output Configuration pin when the port latch changes from a logic 0 to a logic 1. When this
The default port output configuration for standard 87LPC768 I/O occurs, the strong pull-up turns on for a brief time, two CPU clocks, in
ports is the quasi-bidirectional output that is common on the 80C51 order to pull the port pin high quickly. Then it turns off again.
and most of its derivatives. This output type can be used as both an The quasi-bidirectional port configuration is shown in Figure 13.

VDD

2 CPU
CLOCK DELAY P P VERY P
STRONG WEAK
WEAK

PORT
PIN
PORT LATCH N
DATA

INPUT
DATA

SU01159

Figure 13. Quasi-Bidirectional Output

2001 Aug 06 26
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Open Drain Output Configuration The value of port pins at reset is determined by the PRHI bit in the
The open drain output configuration turns off all pull-ups and only UCFG1 register. Ports may be configured to reset high or low as
drives the pull-down transistor of the port driver when the port latch needed for the application. When port pins are driven high at reset,
contains a logic 0. To be used as a logic output, a port configured in they are in quasi-bidirectional mode and therefore do not source
this manner must have an external pull-up, typically a resistor tied to large amounts of current.
VDD. The pull-down for this mode is the same as for the
Every output on the 87LPC768 may potentially be used as a 20 mA
quasi-bidirectional mode.
sink LED drive output. However, there is a maximum total output
The open drain port configuration is shown in Figure 14. current for all ports which must not be exceeded.

Push-Pull Output Configuration All ports pins of the 87LPC768 have slew rate controlled outputs. This
The push-pull output configuration has the same pull-down structure is to limit noise generated by quickly switching output signals. The
as both the open drain and the quasi-bidirectional output modes, but slew rate is factory set to approximately 10 ns rise and fall times.
provides a continuous strong pull-up when the port latch contains a The bits in the P2M1 register that are not used to control
logic 1. The push-pull mode may be used when more source current configuration of P2.1 and P2.0 are used for other purposes. These
is needed from a port output. bits can enable Schmitt trigger inputs on each I/O port, enable
The push-pull port configuration is shown in Figure 15. toggle outputs from Timer 0 and Timer 1, and enable a clock output
if either the internal RC oscillator or external clock input is being
The three port pins that cannot be configured are P1.2, P1.3, and used. The last two functions are described in the Timer/Counters
P1.5. The port pins P1.2 and P1.3 are permanently configured as and Oscillator sections respectively. The enable bits for all of these
open drain outputs. They may be used as inputs by writing ones to functions are shown in Figure 16.
their respective port latches. P1.5 may be used as a Schmitt trigger
input if the 87LPC768 has been configured for an internal reset and Each I/O port of the 87LPC768 may be selected to use TTL level
is not using the external reset input function RST. inputs or Schmitt inputs with hysteresis. A single configuration bit
determines this selection for the entire port. Port pins P1.2, P1.3,
Additionally, port pins P2.0 and P2.1 are disabled for both input and and P1.5 always have a Schmitt trigger input.
output if one of the crystal oscillator options is chosen. Those
options are described in the Oscillator section.

PORT
PIN
PORT LATCH N
DATA

INPUT
DATA
SU01160

Figure 14. Open Drain Output

VDD

PORT
PIN

PORT LATCH N
DATA

INPUT
DATA

SU01161

Figure 15. Push-Pull Output

2001 Aug 06 27
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

P2M1 Address: A4h Reset Value: 00h

Not Bit Addressable

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

P2S P1S P0S ENCLK ENT1 ENT0 (P2M1.1) (P2M1.0)

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

P2M1.7 P2S When P2S = 1, this bit enables Schmitt trigger inputs on Port 2.
P2M1.6 P1S When P1S = 1, this bit enables Schmitt trigger inputs on Port 1.
P2M1.5 P0S When P0S = 1, this bit enables Schmitt trigger inputs on Port 0.
P2M1.4 ENCLK When ENCLK is set and the 87LPC764 is configured to use the on-chip RC oscillator, a clock
output is enabled on the X2 pin (P2.0). Refer to the Oscillator section for details.
P2M1.3 ENT1 When set, the P.7 pin is toggled whenever Timer 1 overflows. The output frequency is therefore
one half of the Timer 1 overflow rate. Refer to the Timer/Counters section for details.
P2M1.2 ENT0 When set, the P1.2 pin is toggled whenever Timer 0 overflows. The output frequency is therefore
one half of the Timer 0 overflow rate. Refer to the Timer/Counterssection for details.
P2M1.1, P2M1.0 — These bits, along with the matching bits in the P2M2 register, control the output configuration of
P2.1 and P2.0 respectively, as shown in Table 4.
SU01162

Figure 16. Port 2 Mode Register 1 (P2M1)

Keyboard Interrupt (KBI) the KBI register, as shown in Figure 18. The Keyboard Interrupt Flag
The Keyboard Interrupt function is intended primarily to allow a (KBF) in the AUXR1 register is set when any enabled pin is pulled
single interrupt to be generated when any key is pressed on a low while the KBI interrupt function is active. An interrupt will
keyboard or keypad connected to specific pins of the 87LPC768, as generated if it has been enabled. Note that the KBF bit must be
shown in Figure 17. This interrupt may be used to wake up the CPU cleared by software.
from Idle or Power Down modes. This feature is particularly useful in Due to human time scales and the mechanical delay associated with
handheld, battery powered systems that need to carefully manage keyswitch closures, the KBI feature will typically allow the interrupt
power consumption yet also need to be convenient to use. service routine to poll port 0 in order to determine which key was
The 87LPC768 allows any or all pins of port 0 to be enabled to pressed, even if the processor has to wake up from Power Down
cause this interrupt. Port pins are enabled by the setting of bits in mode. Refer to the section on Power Reduction Modes for details.

2001 Aug 06 28
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

P0.7
KBI.7

P0.6
KBI.6

P0.5
KBI.5

P0.4
KBI.4

KBF (KBI INTERRUPT)

P0.3
KBI.3

EKB
P0.2 (FROM IEN1 REGISTER)
KBI.2

P0.1
KBI.1

P0.0
KBI.0
SU01163

Figure 17. Keyboard Interrupt

KBI Address: 86h Reset Value: 00h

Not Bit Addressable

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

KBI.7 KBI.6 KBI.5 KBI.4 KBI.3 KBI.2 KBI.1 KBI.0

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

KBI.7 — When set, enables P0.7 as a cause of a Keyboard Interrupt.
KBI.6 — When set, enables P0.6 as a cause of a Keyboard Interrupt.
KBI.5 — When set, enables P0.5 as a cause of a Keyboard Interrupt.
KBI.4 — When set, enables P0.4 as a cause of a Keyboard Interrupt.
KBI.3 — When set, enables P0.3 as a cause of a Keyboard Interrupt.
KBI.2 — When set, enables P0.2 as a cause of a Keyboard Interrupt.
KBI.1 — When set, enables P0.1 as a cause of a Keyboard Interrupt.
KBI.0 — When set, enables P0.0 as a cause of a Keyboard Interrupt.

Note: the Keyboard Interrupt must be enabled in order for the settings of the KBI register to be effective. The interrupt flag
(KBF) is located at bit 7 of AUXR1.
SU01164

Figure 18. Keyboard Interrupt Register (KBI)

2001 Aug 06 29
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Oscillator
The 87LPC768 provides several user selectable oscillator options, programmed. Basic oscillator types that are supported include: low,
allowing optimization for a range of needs from high precision to medium, and high speed crystals, covering a range from 20 kHz to
lowest possible cost. These are configured when the EPROM is 20 MHz; ceramic resonators; and on-chip RC oscillator.

Low Frequency Oscillator Option

This option supports an external crystal in the range of 20 kHz to 100 kHz.
Table 7 shows capacitor values that may be used with a quartz crystal in this mode.

Table 7. Recommended oscillator capacitors for use with the low frequency oscillator option
Oscillator VDD = 2.7 to 4.5 V VDD = 4.5 to 6.0 V
Frequency Lower Limit Optimal Value Upper Limit Lower Limit Optimal Value Upper Limit
20 kHz 15 pF 15 pF 33 pF 33 pF 33 pF 47 pF
32 kHz 15 pF 15 pF 33 pF 33 pF 33 pF 47 pF
100 kHz 15 pF 15 pF 33 pF 15 pF 15 pF 33 pF

Medium Frequency Oscillator Option

This option supports an external crystal in the range of 100 kHz to 4 MHz. Ceramic resonators are also supported in this configuration.
Table 8 shows capacitor values that may be used with a quartz crystal in this mode.

Table 8. Recommended oscillator capacitors for use with the medium frequency oscillator option
VDD = 2.7 to 4.5 V
Oscillator Freq
Frequency
ency
Lower Limit Optimal Value Upper Limit
100 kHz 33 pF 33 pF 47 pF
1 MHz 15 pF 15 pF 33 pF
4 MHz 15 pF 15 pF 33 pF

High Frequency Oscillator Option

This option supports an external crystal in the range of 4 to 20 MHz. Ceramic resonators are also supported in this configuration.
Table 9 shows capacitor values that may be used with a quartz crystal in this mode.

Table 9. Recommended oscillator capacitors for use with the high frequency oscillator option
Oscillator VDD = 2.7 to 4.5 V VDD = 4.5 to 6.0 V
Frequency Lower Limit Optimal Value Upper Limit Lower Limit Optimal Value Upper Limit
4 MHz 15 pF 33 pF 47 pF 15 pF 33 pF 68 pF
8 MHz 15 pF 15 pF 33 pF 15 pF 33 pF 47 pF
16 MHz – – – 15 pF 15 pF 33 pF
20 MHz – – – 15 pF 15 pF 33 pF

On-Chip RC Oscillator Option pin may be used as a standard port pin. A clock output on the X2/P2.0
The on-chip RC oscillator option has a typical frequency of 6 MHz pin may be enabled when the external clock input is used.
and can be divided down for slower operation through the use of the
DIVM register. Note that the on-chip oscillator has a ±25% frequency Clock Output
tolerance and for that reason may not be suitable for use in some The 87LPC768 supports a clock output function when either the
applications. A clock output on the X2/P2.0 pin may be enabled on-chip RC oscillator or external clock input options are selected.
when the on-chip RC oscillator is used. This allows external devices to synchronize to the 87LPC768. When
enabled, via the ENCLK bit in the P2M1 register, the clock output
External Clock Input Option appears on the X2/CLKOUT pin whenever the on-chip oscillator is
In this configuration, the processor clock is input from an external running, including in Idle mode. The frequency of the clock output is
source driving the X1/P2.1 pin. The rate may be from 0 Hz up to 1/6 of the CPU clock rate. If the clock output is not needed in Idle
20 MHz when VDD is above 4.5 V and up to 10 MHz when VDD is mode, it may be turned off prior to entering Idle, saving additional
below 4.5 V. When the external clock input mode is used, the X2/P2.0 power. The clock output may also be enabled when the external
clock input option is selected.

2001 Aug 06 30
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

THE OSCILLATOR MUST BE CONFIGURED IN ONE OF QUARTZ CRYSTAL OR

THE FOLLOWING MODES: CERAMIC RESONATOR
– LOW FREQUENCY CRYSTAL 87LPC768
– MEDIUM FREQUENCY CRYSTAL
– HIGH FREQUENCY CRYSTAL
X1

CAPACITOR VALUES MAY BE OPTIMIZED FOR

DIFFERENT OSCILLATOR FREQUENCIES (SEE TEXT)

*
X2

A SERIES RESISTOR MAY BE REQUIRED IN ORDER TO

LIMIT CRYSTAL DRIVE LEVELS. THIS IS PARTICULARLY
IMPORTANT FOR LOW FREQUENCY CRYSTALS (SEE TEXT).
SU01389

Figure 19. Using the Crystal Oscillator

87LPC768

CMOS COMPATIBLE EXTERNAL

OSCILLATOR SIGNAL X1

THE OSCILLATOR MUST BE CONFIGURED IN X2

THE EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT MODE.
A CLOCK OUTPUT MAY BE OBTAINED ON
THE X2 PIN BY SETTING THE ENCLK BIT IN
THE P2M1 REGISTER.

SU01390

Figure 20. Using an External Clock Input

2001 Aug 06 31
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

FOSC2 (UCFG1.2)
FOSC1 (UCFG1.1)
FOSC0 (UCFG1.0)

CLOCK SELECT

EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT

XTAL
SELECT

OSCILLATOR STARTUP TIMER

INTERNAL RC OSCILLATOR
CLOCK 10-BIT RIPPLE COUNTER
OUT
COUNT 256
CRYSTAL: LOW FREQUENCY CLOCK
SOURCES
RESET
COUNT COUNT 1024
CRYSTAL: MEDIUM FREQUENCY

CRYSTAL: HIGH FREQUENCY

DIVIDE-BY-M
(DIVM REGISTER)
AND
CLKR SELECT CPU
CLOCK
POWER MONITOR RESET

÷1/÷2
POWER DOWN

CLKR
(UCFG1.3)
SU01167

Figure 21. Block Diagram of Oscillator Control

CPU Clock Modification: CLKR and DIVM Power Monitoring Functions

For backward compatibility, the CLKR configuration bit allows The 87LPC768 incorporates power monitoring functions designed to
setting the 87LPC768 instruction and peripheral timing to match prevent incorrect operation during initial power up and power loss or
standard 80C51 timing by dividing the CPU clock by two. Default reduction during operation. This is accomplished with two hardware
timing for the 87LPC768 is 6 CPU clocks per machine cycle while functions: Power-On Detect and Brownout Detect.
standard 80C51 timing is 12 clocks per machine cycle. This
division also applies to peripheral timing, allowing 80C51 code that Brownout Detection
is oscillator frequency and/or timer rate dependent. The CLKR bit The Brownout Detect function allows preventing the processor from
is located in the EPROM configuration register UCFG1, described failing in an unpredictable manner if the power supply voltage drops
under EPROM Characteristics below a certain level. The default operation is for a brownout
detection to cause a processor reset, however it may alternatively
In addition to this, the CPU clock may be divided down from the be configured to generate an interrupt by setting the BOI bit in the
oscillator rate by a programmable divider, under program control. AUXR1 register (AUXR1.5).
This function is controlled by the DIVM register. If the DIVM register
is set to zero (the default value), the CPU will be clocked by either The 87LPC768 allows selection of two Brownout levels: 2.5 V or
the unmodified oscillator rate, or that rate divided by two, as 3.8 V. When VDD drops below the selected voltage, the brownout
determined by the previously described CLKR function. detector triggers and remains active until VDD is returns to a level
above the Brownout Detect voltage. When Brownout Detect causes
When the DIVM register is set to some value N (between 1 and 255), a processor reset, that reset remains active as long as VDD remains
the CPU clock is divided by 2 * (N + 1). Clock division values from 4 below the Brownout Detect voltage. When Brownout Detect
through 512 are thus possible. This feature makes it possible to generates an interrupt, that interrupt occurs once as VDD crosses
temporarily run the CPU at a lower rate, reducing power consumption, from above to below the Brownout Detect voltage. For the interrupt
in a manner similar to Idle mode. By dividing the clock, the CPU can to be processed, the interrupt system and the BOI interrupt must
retain the ability to respond to events other than those that can cause both be enabled (via the EA and EBO bits in IEN0).
interrupts (i.e. events that allow exiting the Idle mode) by executing its
normal program at a lower rate. This can allow bypassing the When Brownout Detect is activated, the BOF flag in the PCON
oscillator startup time in cases where Power Down mode would register is set so that the cause of processor reset may be determined
otherwise be used. The value of DIVM may be changed by the by software. This flag will remain set until cleared by software.
program at any time without interrupting code execution.

2001 Aug 06 32
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

For correct activation of Brownout Detect, the VDD fall time must be The processor can be made to exit Power Down mode via Reset or
no faster than 50 mV/µs. When VDD is restored, is should not rise one of the interrupt sources shown in Table 5. This will occur if the
faster than 2 mV/µs in order to insure a proper reset. interrupt is enabled and its priority is higher than any interrupt
currently in progress.
The brownout voltage (2.5 V or 3.8 V) is selected via the BOV bit in
the EPROM configuration register UCFG1. When unprogrammed In Power Down mode, the power supply voltage may be reduced to
(BOV = 1), the brownout detect voltage is 2.5 V. When programmed the RAM keep-alive voltage VRAM. This retains the RAM contents
(BOV = 0), the brownout detect voltage is 3.8 V. at the point where Power Down mode was entered. SFR contents
are not guaranteed after VDD has been lowered to VRAM, therefore
If the Brownout Detect function is not required in an application, it
it is recommended to wake up the processor via Reset in this case.
may be disabled, thus saving power. Brownout Detect is disabled by
VDD must be raised to within the operating range before the Power
setting the control bit BOD in the AUXR1 register (AUXR1.6).
Down mode is exited. Since the watchdog timer has a separate
Power On Detection oscillator, it may reset the processor upon overflow if it is running
The Power On Detect has a function similar to the Brownout Detect, during Power Down.
but is designed to work as power comes up initially, before the Note that if the Brownout Detect reset is enabled, the processor will
power supply voltage reaches a level where Brownout Detect can be put into reset as soon as VDD drops below the brownout voltage.
work. When this feature is activated, the POF flag in the PCON If Brownout Detect is configured as an interrupt and is enabled, it will
register is set to indicate an initial power up condition. The POF flag wake up the processor from Power Down mode when VDD drops
will remain set until cleared by software. below the brownout voltage.
Power Reduction Modes When the processor wakes up from Power Down mode, it will start
The 87LPC768 supports Idle and Power Down modes of power the oscillator immediately and begin execution when the oscillator is
reduction. stable. Oscillator stability is determined by counting 1024 CPU
clocks after start-up when one of the crystal oscillator configurations
Idle Mode is used, or 256 clocks after start-up for the internal RC or external
The Idle mode leaves peripherals running in order to allow them to clock input configurations.
activate the processor when an interrupt is generated. Any enabled
interrupt source or Reset may terminate Idle mode. Idle mode is Some chip functions continue to operate and draw power during
entered by setting the IDL bit in the PCON register (see Figure 22). Power Down mode, increasing the total power used during Power
Down. These include the Brownout Detect, Watchdog Timer,
Power Down Mode Comparators, and A/D converter.
The Power Down mode stops the oscillator in order to absolutely
minimize power consumption. Power Down mode is entered by
setting the PD bit in the PCON register (see Figure 22).

PCON Address: 87h Reset Value: S 30h for a Power On reset

S 20h for a Brownout reset
Not Bit Addressable S 00h for other reset sources

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

SMOD1 SMOD0 BOF POF GF1 GF0 PD IDL

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

PCON.7 SMOD1 When set, this bit doubles the UART baud rate for modes 1, 2, and 3.
PCON.6 SMOD0 This bit selects the function of bit 7 of the SCON SFR. When 0, SCON.7 is the SM0 bit. When 1,
SCON.7 is the FE (Framing Error) flag. See Figure 26 for additional information.
PCON.5 BOF Brown Out Flag. Set automatically when a brownout reset or interrupt has occurred. Also set at
power on. Cleared by software. Refer to the Power Monitoring Functions section for additional
information.
PCON.4 POF Power On Flag. Set automatically when a power-on reset has occurred. Cleared by software. Refer
to the Power Monitoring Functions section for additional information.
PCON.3 GF1 General purpose flag 1. May be read or written by user software, but has no effect on operation.
PCON.2 GF0 General purpose flag 0. May be read or written by user software, but has no effect on operation.
PCON.1 PD Power Down control bit. Setting this bit activates Power Down mode operation. Cleared when the
Power Down mode is terminated (see text).
PCON.0 IDL Idle mode control bit. Setting this bit activates Idle mode operation. Cleared when the Idle mode is
terminated (see text).
SU01168

Figure 22. Power Control Register (PCON)

2001 Aug 06 33
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Table 10. Sources of Wakeup from Power Down Mode

Wakeup Source Conditions
External Interrupt 0 or 1 The corresponding interrupt must be enabled.
Keyboard Interrupt The keyboard interrupt feature must be enabled and properly set up. The corresponding interrupt must be
enabled.
Comparator 1 or 2 The comparator(s) must be enabled and properly set up. The corresponding interrupt must be enabled.
Watchdog Timer Reset The watchdog timer must be enabled via the WDTE bit in the UCFG1 EPROM configuration byte.
Watchdog Timer Interrupt The WDTE bit in the UCFG1 EPROM configuration byte must not be set. The corresponding interrupt must
be enabled.
Brownout Detect Reset The BOD bit in AUXR1 must not be set (brownout detect not disabled). The BOI bit in AUXR1 must not be
set (brownout interrupt disabled).
Brownout Detect Interrupt The BOD bit in AUXR1 must not be set (brownout detect not disabled). The BOI bit in AUXR1 must be set
(brownout interrupt enabled). The corresponding interrupt must be enabled.
Reset Input The external reset input must be enabled.
A/D converter Must use internal RC clock (RCCLK = 1) for A/D converter to work in Power Down mode. The A/D must be
enabled and properly set up. The corresponding interrupt must be enabled.

2001 Aug 06 34
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Low Voltage EPROM Operation Reset

The EPROM array contains some analog circuits that are not The 87LPC768 has an active low reset input when configured for an
required when VDD is less than 4 V, but are required for a VDD external reset. A fully internal reset may also be configured which
greater than 4 V. The LPEP bit (AUXR.4), when set by software, will provides a reset when power is initially applied to the device. The
power down these analog circuits resulting in a reduced supply watchdog timer can act as an oscillator fail detect because it uses
current. LPEP is cleared only by power-on reset, so it may be set an independent, fully on-chip oscillator.
ONLY for applications that always operate with VDD less than 4 V.
The external reset input is disabled, and fully internal reset
generation enabled, by programming the RPD bit in the EPROM
configuration register UCFG1 to 0. EPROM configuration is
described in the section EPROM Characteristics

87LPC768 VDD 87LPC768

8.2 kW

RST RST

2.2 mF 10 mF

SU01391

Figure 23. Typical External Reset Circuits

RPD (UCFG1.6)

RST/VPP PIN

WDTE (UCFG1.7)

S
WDT
MODULE Q CHIP RESET

SOFTWARE RESET
SRST (AUXR1.3)
RESET
TIMING

POWER MONITOR CPU

RESET CLOCK

SU01170

Figure 24. Block Diagram Showing Reset Sources

2001 Aug 06 35
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Timer/Counters machine cycle. When the samples of the pin state show a high in
The 87LPC768 has two general purpose counter/timers which are one cycle and a low in the next cycle, the count is incremented. The
upward compatible with the standard 80C51 Timer 0 and Timer 1. new count value appears in the register during the cycle following
Both can be configured to operate either as timers or event counters the one in which the transition was detected. Since it takes 2
(see Figure 25). An option to automatically toggle the T0 and/or T1 machine cycles (12 CPU clocks) to recognize a 1-to-0 transition, the
pins upon timer overflow has been added. maximum count rate is 1/6 of the CPU clock frequency. There are no
restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input signal, but to
In the “Timer” function, the register is incremented every machine ensure that a given level is sampled at least once before it changes,
cycle. Thus, one can think of it as counting machine cycles. Since a it should be held for at least one full machine cycle.
machine cycle consists of 6 CPU clock periods, the count rate is 1/6
of the CPU clock frequency. Refer to the section Enhanced CPU for The “Timer” or “Counter” function is selected by control bits C/T in
a description of the CPU clock. the Special Function Register TMOD. In addition to the “Timer” or
“Counter” selection, Timer 0 and Timer 1 have four operating
In the “Counter” function, the register is incremented in response to modes, which are selected by bit-pairs (M1, M0) in TMOD. Modes 0,
a 1-to-0 transition at its corresponding external input pin, T0 or T1. 1, and 2 are the same for both Timers/Counters. Mode 3 is different.
In this function, the external input is sampled once during every The four operating modes are described in the following text.

TMOD Address: 89h Reset Value: 00h

Not Bit Addressable

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

GATE C/T M1 M0 GATE C/T M1 M0

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

TMOD.7 GATE Gating control for Timer 1. When set, Timer/Counter is enabled only while the INT1 pin is high and
the TR1 control pin is set. When cleared, Timer 1 is enabled when the TR1 control bit is set.
TMOD.6 C/T Timer or Counter Selector for Timer 1. Cleared for Timer operation (input from internal system clock.)
Set for Counter operation (input from T1 input pin).
TMOD.5, 4 M1, M0 Mode Select for Timer 1 (see table below).
TMOD.3 GATE Gating control for Timer 0. When set, Timer/Counter is enabled only while the INT0 pin is high and
the TR0 control pin is set. When cleared, Timer 0 is enabled when the TR0 control bit is set.
TMOD.2 C/T Timer or Counter Selector for Timer 0. Cleared for Timer operation (input from internal system clock.)
Set for Counter operation (input from T0 input pin).
TMOD.1, 0 M1, M0 Mode Select for Timer 0 (see table below).
M1, M0 Timer Mode
00 8048 Timer “TLn” serves as 5-bit prescaler.
01 16-bit Timer/Counter “THn” and “TLn” are cascaded; there is no prescaler.
10 8-bit auto-reload Timer/Counter. THn holds a value which is loaded into TLn when it overflows.
11 Timer 0 is a dual 8-bit Timer/Counter in this mode. TL0 is an 8-bit Timer/Counter controlled by the
standard Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is an 8-bit timer only, controlled by the Timer 1 control bits (see
text). Timer 1 in this mode is stopped.
SU01171

Figure 25. Timer/Counter Mode Control Register (TMOD)

2001 Aug 06 36
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Mode 0 measurements). TRn is a control bit in the Special Function Register

Putting either Timer into Mode 0 makes it look like an 8048 Timer, TCON (Figure 26). The GATE bit is in the TMOD register.
which is an 8-bit Counter with a divide-by-32 prescaler. Figure 27
The 13-bit register consists of all 8 bits of THn and the lower 5 bits
shows Mode 0 operation.
of TLn. The upper 3 bits of TLn are indeterminate and should be
In this mode, the Timer register is configured as a 13-bit register. As ignored. Setting the run flag (TRn) does not clear the registers.
the count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s, it sets the Timer interrupt
Mode 0 operation is the same for Timer 0 and Timer 1. See
flag TFn. The count input is enabled to the Timer when TRn = 1 and
Figure 27. There are two different GATE bits, one for Timer 1
either GATE = 0 or INTn = 1. (Setting GATE = 1 allows the Timer to
(TMOD.7) and one for Timer 0 (TMOD.3).
be controlled by external input INTn, to facilitate pulse width

TCON Address: 88h Reset Value: 00h

Bit Addressable

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

TCON.7 TF1 Timer 1 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow. Cleared by hardware when the
interrupt is processed, or by software.
TCON.6 TR1 Timer 1 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter 1 on/off.
TCON.5 TF0 Timer 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow. Cleared by hardware when the
processor vectors to the interrupt routine, or by software.
TCON.4 TR0 Timer 0 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter 0 on/off.
TCON.3 IE1 Interrupt 1 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt 1 edge is detected. Cleared by
hardware when the interrupt is processed, or by software.
TCON.2 IT1 Interrupt 1 Type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered
external interrupts.
TCON.1 IE0 Interrupt 0 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt 0 edge is detected. Cleared by
hardware when the interrupt is processed, or by software.
TCON.0 IT0 Interrupt 0 Type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered
external interrupts.
SU01172

Figure 26. Timer/Counter Control Register (TCON)

OVERFLOW

OSC/6 OR C/T = 0
OSC/12
TLN THN
TFn INTERRUPT
(5-BITS) (8-BITS)
Tn PIN C/T = 1 CONTROL

TRn TOGGLE

GATE Tn PIN

INTn PIN

TnOE
SU01173

Figure 27. Timer/Counter 0 or 1 in Mode 0 (13-Bit Counter)

2001 Aug 06 37
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Mode 1 Timer 0 in Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate 8-bit
Mode 1 is the same as Mode 0, except that all 16 bits of the timer counters. The logic for Mode 3 on Timer 0 is shown in Figure 30.
register (THn and TLn) are used. See Figure 28 TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits: C/T, GATE, TR0, INT0, and TF0.
TH0 is locked into a timer function (counting machine cycles) and
Mode 2 takes over the use of TR1 and TF1 from Timer 1. Thus, TH0 now
Mode 2 configures the Timer register as an 8-bit Counter (TL1) with controls the “Timer 1” interrupt.
automatic reload, as shown in Figure 29. Overflow from TLn not only
sets TFn, but also reloads TLn with the contents of THn, which must Mode 3 is provided for applications that require an extra 8-bit timer.
be preset by software. The reload leaves THn unchanged. Mode 2 With Timer 0 in Mode 3, an 87LPC768 can look like it has three
operation is the same for Timer 0 and Timer 1. Timer/Counters. When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be turned
on and off by switching it into and out of its own Mode 3. It can still
Mode 3 be used by the serial port as a baud rate generator, or in any
When Timer 1 is in Mode 3 it is stopped. The effect is the same as application not requiring an interrupt.
setting TR1 = 0.

OVERFLOW

OSC/6 OR C/T = 0
OSC/12
TLN THN
TFn INTERRUPT
(8-BITS) (8-BITS)
Tn PIN C/T = 1 CONTROL

TRn TOGGLE

GATE Tn PIN

INTn PIN

TnOE
SU01174

Figure 28. Timer/Counter 0 or 1 in Mode 1 (16-Bit Counter)

OSC/6 OR C/T = 0
OSC/12 OVERFLOW
TLN
TFn INTERRUPT
(8-BITS)
Tn PIN C/T = 1 CONTROL

RELOAD
TRn TOGGLE

GATE Tn PIN

INTn PIN THN

(8-BITS)
TnOE
SU01175

Figure 29. Timer/Counter 0 or 1 in Mode 2 (8-Bit Auto-Reload)

2001 Aug 06 38
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

OSC/6 OR C/T = 0
OSC/12 OVERFLOW
TL0
TF0 INTERRUPT
(8-BITS)
T0 PIN C/T = 1 CONTROL

TR0 TOGGLE

GATE T0 PIN

INT0 PIN

T0OE

OSC/6 OR TH0 OVERFLOW

TF1 INTERRUPT
OSC/12 (8-BITS)
CONTROL

TOGGLE
TR1
T1 PIN

T1OE
SU01176

Figure 30. Timer/Counter 0 Mode 3 (Two 8-Bit Counters)

Timer Overflow Toggle Output Mode 1

Timers 0 and 1 can be configured to automatically toggle a port 10 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received (through RxD): a
output whenever a timer overflow occurs. The same device pins that start bit (logical 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (logical 1).
are used for the T0 and T1 count inputs are also used for the timer When data is received, the stop bit is stored in RB8 in Special
toggle outputs. This function is enabled by control bits T0OE and Function Register SCON. The baud rate is variable and is
T1OE in the P2M1 register, and apply to Timer 0 and Timer 1 determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate.
respectively. The port outputs will be a logic 1 prior to the first timer
overflow when this mode is turned on. Mode 2
11 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received (through RxD):
UART start bit (logical 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data
The 87LPC768 includes an enhanced 80C51 UART. The baud rate bit, and a stop bit (logical 1). When data is transmitted, the 9th data
source for the UART is timer 1 for modes 1 and 3, while the rate is bit (TB8 in SCON) can be assigned the value of 0 or 1. Or, for
fixed in modes 0 and 2. Because CPU clocking is different on the example, the parity bit (P, in the PSW) could be moved into TB8.
87LPC768 than on the standard 80C51, baud rate calculation is When data is received, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in Special
somewhat different. Enhancements over the standard 80C51 UART Function Register SCON, while the stop bit is ignored. The baud
include Framing Error detection and automatic address recognition. rate is programmable to either 1/16 or 1/32 of the CPU clock
frequency, as determined by the SMOD1 bit in PCON.
The serial port is full duplex, meaning it can transmit and receive
simultaneously. It is also receive-buffered, meaning it can Mode 3
commence reception of a second byte before a previously received 11 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received (through RxD): a
byte has been read from the SBUF register. However, if the first byte start bit (logical 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data
still hasn’t been read by the time reception of the second byte is bit, and a stop bit (logical 1). In fact, Mode 3 is the same as Mode 2
complete, the first byte will be lost. The serial port receive and in all respects except baud rate. The baud rate in Mode 3 is variable
transmit registers are both accessed through Special Function and is determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate.
Register SBUF. Writing to SBUF loads the transmit register, and
In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that
reading SBUF accesses a physically separate receive register.
uses SBUF as a destination register. Reception is initiated in Mode 0
The serial port can be operated in 4 modes: by the condition RI = 0 and REN = 1. Reception is initiated in the
other modes by the incoming start bit if REN = 1.
Mode 0
Serial data enters and exits through RxD. TxD outputs the shift
clock. 8 bits are transmitted or received, LSB first. The baud rate is
fixed at 1/6 of the CPU clock frequency.

2001 Aug 06 39
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Serial Port Control Register (SCON) with the SM0 bit. Which bit appears in SCON at any particular time
The serial port control and status register is the Special Function is determined by the SMOD0 bit in the PCON register. If SMOD0 =
Register SCON, shown in Figure 31. This register contains not only 0, SCON.7 is the SM0 bit. If SMOD0 = 1, SCON.7 is the FE bit.
the mode selection bits, but also the 9th data bit for transmit and Once set, the FE bit remains set until it is cleared by software. This
receive (TB8 and RB8), and the serial port interrupt bits (TI and RI). allows detection of framing errors for a group of characters without
the need for monitoring it for every character individually.
The Framing Error bit (FE) allows detection of missing stop bits in
the received data stream. The FE bit shares the bit position SCON.7

SCON Address: 98h Reset Value: 00h

Bit Addressable

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

SM0/FE SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

SCON.7 FE Framing Error. This bit is set by the UART receiver when an invalid stop bit is detected. Must be
cleared by software. The SMOD0 bit in the PCON register must be 1 for this bit to be accessible.
See SM0 bit below.
SCON.7 SM0 With SM1, defines the serial port mode. The SMOD0 bit in the PCON register must be 0 for this bit
to be accessible. See FE bit above.
SCON. 6 SM1 With SM0, defines the serial port mode (see table below).
SM0, SM1 UART Mode Baud Rate
00 0: shift register CPU clock/6
01 1: 8-bit UART Variable (see text)
10 2: 9-bit UART CPU clock/32 or CPU clock/16
11 3: 9-bit UART Variable (see text)
SCON.5 SM2 Enables the multiprocessor communication feature in Modes 2 and 3. In Mode 2 or 3, if SM2 is set
to 1, then Rl will not be activated if the received 9th data bit (RB8) is 0. In Mode 1, if SM2=1 then RI
will not be activated if a valid stop bit was not received. In Mode 0, SM2 should be 0.
SCON.4 REN Enables serial reception. Set by software to enable reception. Clear by software to disable reception.
SCON.3 TB8 The 9th data bit that will be transmitted in Modes 2 and 3. Set or clear by software as desired.
SCON.2 RB8 In Modes 2 and 3, is the 9th data bit that was received. In Mode 1, it SM2=0, RB8 is the stop bit that
was received. In Mode 0, RB8 is not used.
SCON.1 TI Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or at the beginning
of the stop bit in the other modes, in any serial transmission. Must be cleared by software.
SCON.0 RI Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or halfway through
the stop bit time in the other modes, in any serial reception (except see SM2). Must be cleared by
software.
SU01157

Figure 31. Serial Port Control Register (SCON)

2001 Aug 06 40
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Baud Rates application. The Timer itself can be configured for either “timer” or
The baud rate in Mode 0 is fixed: Mode 0 Baud Rate = CPU clock/6. “counter” operation, and in any of its 3 running modes. In the most
The baud rate in Mode 2 depends on the value of bit SMOD1 in typical applications, it is configured for “timer” operation, in the
Special Function Register PCON. If SMOD1 = 0 (which is the value auto-reload mode (high nibble of TMOD = 0010b). In that case the
on reset), the baud rate is 1/32 of the CPU clock frequency. If baud rate is given by the formula:
SMOD1 = 1, the baud rate is 1/16 of the CPU clock frequency.
CPU clock frequencyń
Mode 2 Baud Rate + 1 ) SMOD1 CPU clock frequency 192 (or 96 if SMOD1 + 1)
32
Mode 1, 3 Baud Rate +
256 * (TH1)
Using Timer 1 to Generate Baud Rates
When Timer 1 is used as the baud rate generator, the baud rates in Tables 6 and 7 list various commonly used baud rates and how they
Modes 1 and 3 are determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate and the can be obtained using Timer 1 as the baud rate generator.
value of SMOD1. The Timer 1 interrupt should be disabled in this

Table 11. Baud Rates, Timer Values, and CPU Clock Frequencies for SMOD1 = 0
Baud Rate
Timer Co
Count
nt
2400 4800 9600 19.2k 38.4k 57.6k
–1 0.4608 0.9216 * 1.8432 * 3.6864 * 7.3728 * 11.0592
–2 0.9216 1.8432 * 3.6864 * 7.3728 * 14.7456
–3 1.3824 2.7648 5.5296 * 11.0592 – –
–4 * 1.8432 * 3.6864 * 7.3728 * 14.7456 – –
–5 2.3040 4.6080 9.2160 * 18.4320 – –
–6 2.7648 5.5296 * 11.0592 – – –
–7 3.2256 6.4512 12.9024 – – –
–8 * 3.6864 * 7.3728 * 14.7456 – – –
–9 4.1472 8.2944 16.5888 – – –
–10 4.6080 9.2160 * 18.4320 – – –

2001 Aug 06 41
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Table 12. Baud Rates, Timer Values, and CPU Clock Frequencies for SMOD1 = 1
Baud Rate
Timer Co
Count
nt
2400 4800 9600 19.2k 38.4k 57.6k 115.2k
–1 0.2304 0.4608 0.9216 * 1.8432 * 3.6864 5.5296 * 11.0592
–2 0.4608 0.9216 * 1.8432 * 3.6864 * 7.3728 * 11.0592 –
–3 0.6912 1.3824 2.7648 5.5296 * 11.0592 16.5888 –
–4 0.9216 * 1.8432 * 3.6864 * 7.3728 * 14.7456 – –
–5 1.1520 2.3040 4.6080 9.2160 * 18.4320 – –
–6 1.3824 2.7648 5.5296 * 11.0592 – – –
–7 1.6128 3.2256 6.4512 12.9024 – – –
–8 * 1.8432 * 3.6864 * 7.3728 * 14.7456 – – –
–9 2.0736 4.1472 8.2944 16.5888 – – –
–10 2.3040 4.6080 9.2160 * 18.4320 – – –
–11 2.5344 5.0688 10.1376 – – – –
–12 2.7648 5.5296 * 11.0592 – – – –
–13 2.9952 5.9904 11.9808 – – – –
–14 3.2256 6.4512 12.9024 – – – –
–15 3.4560 6.9120 13.8240 – – – –
–16 * 3.6864 * 7.3728 * 14.7456 – – – –
–17 3.9168 7.8336 15.6672 – – – –
–18 4.1472 8.2944 16.5888 – – – –
–19 4.3776 8.7552 17.5104 – – – –
–20 4.6080 9.2160 * 18.4320 – – – –
–21 4.8384 9.6768 19.3536 – – – –

NOTES TO TABLES 11 AND 12:

1. Tables 6 and 7 apply to UART modes 1 and 3 (variable rate modes), and show CPU clock rates in MHz for standard baud rates from 2400 to
115.2k baud.
2. Table 6 shows timer settings and CPU clock rates with the SMOD1 bit in the PCON register = 0 (the default after reset), while Table 7
reflects the SMOD1 bit = 1.
3. The tables show all potential CPU clock frequencies up to 20 MHz that may be used for baud rates from 9600 baud to 115.2k baud. Other
CPU clock frequencies that would give only lower baud rates are not shown.
4. Table entries marked with an asterisk (*) indicate standard crystal and ceramic resonator frequencies that may be obtained from many
sources without special ordering.

2001 Aug 06 42
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

More About UART Mode 0 More About UART Mode 1

Serial data enters and exits through RxD. TxD outputs the shift Ten bits are transmitted (through TxD), or received (through RxD): a
clock. 8 bits are transmitted/received: 8 data bits (LSB first). The start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (1). On receive, the
baud rate is fixed at 1/6 the CPU clock frequency. Figure 32 shows stop bit goes into RB8 in SCON. In the 87LPC768 the baud rate is
a simplified functional diagram of the serial port in Mode 0, and determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate. Figure 33 shows a
associated timing. simplified functional diagram of the serial port in Mode 1, and
associated timings for transmit receive.
Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a
destination register. The “write to SBUF” signal at S6P2 also loads a Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a
1 into the 9th position of the transmit shift register and tells the TX destination register. The “write to SBUF” signal also loads a 1 into
Control block to commence a transmission. The internal timing is the 9th bit position of the transmit shift register and flags the TX
such that one full machine cycle will elapse between “write to SBUF” Control unit that a transmission is requested. Transmission actually
and activation of SEND. commences at S1P1 of the machine cycle following the next rollover
in the divide-by-16 counter. (Thus, the bit times are synchronized to
SEND enables the output of the shift register to the alternate output
the divide-by-16 counter, not to the “write to SBUF” signal.)
function line of P1.1 and also enable SHIFT CLOCK to the alternate
output function line of P1.0. SHIFT CLOCK is low during S3, S4, and The transmission begins with activation of SEND which puts the
S5 of every machine cycle, and high during S6, S1, and S2. At start bit at TxD. One bit time later, DATA is activated, which enables
S6P2 of every machine cycle in which SEND is active, the contents the output bit of the transmit shift register to TxD. The first shift pulse
of the transmit shift are shifted to the right one position. occurs one bit time after that.
As data bits shift out to the right, zeros come in from the left. When As data bits shift out to the right, zeros are clocked in from the left.
the MSB of the data byte is at the output position of the shift register, When the MSB of the data byte is at the output position of the shift
then the 1 that was initially loaded into the 9th position, is just to the register, then the 1 that was initially loaded into the 9th position is
left of the MSB, and all positions to the left of that contain zeros. This just to the left of the MSB, and all positions to the left of that contain
condition flags the TX Control block to do one last shift and then zeros. This condition flags the TX Control unit to do one last shift
deactivate SEND and set T1. Both of these actions occur at S1P1 of and then deactivate SEND and set TI. This occurs at the 10th
the 10th machine cycle after “write to SBUF.” Reception is initiated by divide-by-16 rollover after “write to SBUF.”
the condition REN = 1 and R1 = 0. At S6P2 of the next machine
Reception is initiated by a detected 1-to-0 transition at RxD. For this
cycle, the RX Control unit writes the bits 11111110 t o the receive shift
purpose RxD is sampled at a rate of 16 times whatever baud rate
register, and in the next clock phase activates RECEIVE.
has been established. When a transition is detected, the
RECEIVE enable SHIFT CLOCK to the alternate output function line divide-by-16 counter is immediately reset, and 1FFH is written into
of P1.0. SHIFT CLOCK makes transitions at S3P1 and S6P1 of every the input shift register. Resetting the divide-by-16 counter aligns its
machine cycle. At S6P2 of every machine cycle in which RECEIVE is rollovers with the boundaries of the incoming bit times.
active, the contents of the receive shift register are shifted to the left
The 16 states of the counter divide each bit time into 16ths. At the
one position. The value that comes in from the right is the value that
7th, 8th, and 9th counter states of each bit time, the bit detector
was sampled at the P1.1 pin at S5P2 of the same machine cycle.
samples the value of RxD. The value accepted is the value that was
As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left. When the 0 seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. This is done for noise rejection.
that was initially loaded into the rightmost position arrives at the If the value accepted during the first bit time is not 0, the receive
leftmost position in the shift register, it flags the RX Control block to do circuits are reset and the unit goes back to looking for another 1-to-0
one last shift and load SBUF. At S1P1 of the 10th machine cycle after transition. This is to provide rejection of false start bits. If the start bit
the write to SCON that cleared RI, RECEIVE is cleared as RI is set. proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of
the rest of the frame will proceed.
As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left. When the
start bit arrives at the leftmost position in the shift register (which in
mode 1 is a 9-bit register), it flags the RX Control block to do one
last shift, load SBUF and RB8, and set RI. The signal to load SBUF
and RB8, and to set RI, will be generated if, and only if, the following
conditions are met at the time the final shift pulse is generated.: 1.
R1 = 0, and 2. Either SM2 = 0, or the received stop bit = 1.
If either of these two conditions is not met, the received frame is
irretrievably lost. If both conditions are met, the stop bit goes into
RB8, the 8 data bits go into SBUF, and RI is activated. At this time,
whether the above conditions are met or not, the unit goes back to
looking for a 1-to-0 transition in RxD.

2001 Aug 06 43
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

80C51 INTERNAL BUS

WRITE
TO
SBUF

D S RxD
Q SBUF P1.1 ALT
OUTPUT
CL
FUNCTION

ZERO DETECTOR

START SHIFT
TX CONTROL
TxD
S6 TX CLOCK TI SEND P1.0 ALT
OUTPUT
SERIAL PORT FUNCTION
INTERRUPT
SHIFT
RI CLOCK
TX CLOCK RECEIVE
REN RX CONTROL
START SHIFT
RI
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

RXD
P1.1 ALT
INPUT SHIFT REGISTER INPUT
FUNCTION

LOAD
SBUF

SBUF

READ
SBUF

80C51 INTERNAL BUS

S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6 S1 ... S6

WRITE TO SBUF

SEND

SHIFT TRANSMIT

RXD (DATA OUT) D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

TXD (SHIFT CLOCK)

TI

WRITE TO SCON (CLEAR RI)

RI

RECEIVE
RECEIVE
SHIFT
RxD (DATA IN) D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

TxD (SHIFT CLOCK)

SU01178

Figure 32. Serial Port Mode 0

2001 Aug 06 44
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

80C51 INTERNAL BUS

TB8
WRITE
TO SBUF

D S
TIMER 1 SBUF TxD
OVERFLOW Q
P1.0 ALT
CL OUTPUT
FUNCTION
÷2
ZERO DETECTOR

SMOD1 = 0 SMOD1
= 1
START SHIFT
TX CONTROL DATA

÷16 TX CLOCK TI SEND

SERIAL PORT
÷16 INTERRUPT

RX RI
LOAD SBUF
CLOCK
1-TO-0
TRANSITION START RX CONTROL SHIFT
DETECTOR 1FFH

BIT INPUT SHIFT REGISTER

DETECTOR
RxD LOAD
P1.1 ALT SBUF
INPUT
FUNCTION

SBUF

READ
SBUF

80C51 INTERNAL BUS

TX CLOCK

WRITE TO SBUF

SEND

DATA TRANSMIT

SHIFT
START
TxD D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 STOP BIT
BIT

TI

RX CLOCK
START
RxD ÷ 16 RESET BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 STOP BIT

BIT DETECTOR SAMPLE TIMES RECEIVE

SHIFT

RI

SU01179

Figure 33. Serial Port Mode 1

2001 Aug 06 45
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

More About UART Modes 2 and 3 proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of
Eleven bits are transmitted (through TxD), or received (through the rest of the frame will proceed.
RxD): a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data
As data bits come in from the right, 1s shift out to the left. When the
bit, and a stop bit (1). On transmit, the 9th data bit (TB8) can be
start bit arrives at the leftmost position in the shift register (which in
assigned the value of 0 or 1. On receive, the 9the data bit goes into
Modes 2 and 3 is a 9-bit register), it flags the RX Control block to do
RB8 in SCON. The baud rate is programmable to either 1/16 or 1/32
one last shift, load SBUF and RB8, and set RI.
of the CPU clock frequency in Mode 2. Mode 3 may have a variable
baud rate generated from Timer 1. The signal to load SBUF and RB8, and to set RI, will be generated
if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the final
Figures 34 and 35 show a functional diagram of the serial port in
shift pulse is generated. 1. RI = 0, and 2. Either SM2 = 0, or the
Modes 2 and 3. The receive portion is exactly the same as in Mode 1.
received 9th data bit = 1.
The transmit portion differs from Mode 1 only in the 9th bit of the
transmit shift register. If either of these conditions is not met, the received frame is
irretrievably lost, and RI is not set. If both conditions are met, the
Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a
received 9th data bit goes into RB8, and the first 8 data bits go into
destination register. The “write to SBUF” signal also loads TB8 into
SBUF. One bit time later, whether the above conditions were met
the 9th bit position of the transmit shift register and flags the TX
or not, the unit goes back to looking for a 1-to-0 transition at the
Control unit that a transmission is requested. Transmission
RxD input.
commences at S1P1 of the machine cycle following the next rollover
in the divide-by-16 counter. (Thus, the bit times are synchronized to Multiprocessor Communications
the divide-by-16 counter, not to the “write to SBUF” signal.) UART modes 2 and 3 have a special provision for multiprocessor
The transmission begins with activation of SEND, which puts the communications. In these modes, 9 data bits are received or
start bit at TxD. One bit time later, DATA is activated, which enables transmitted. When data is received, the 9th bit is stored in RB8. The
the output bit of the transmit shift register to TxD. The first shift pulse UART can be programmed such that when the stop bit is received,
occurs one bit time after that. The first shift clocks a 1 (the stop bit) the serial port interrupt will be activated only if RB8 = 1. This feature
into the 9th bit position of the shift register. Thereafter, only zeros is enabled by setting bit SM2 in SCON. One way to use this feature
are clocked in. Thus, as data bits shift out to the right, zeros are in multiprocessor systems is as follows:
clocked in from the left. When TB8 is at the output position of the When the master processor wants to transmit a block of data to one
shift register, then the stop bit is just to the left of TB8, and all of several slaves, it first sends out an address byte which identifies
positions to the left of that contain zeros. This condition flags the TX the target slave. An address byte differs from a data byte in that the
Control unit to do one last shift and then deactivate SEND and set 9th bit is 1 in an address byte and 0 in a data byte. With SM2 = 1, no
TI. This occurs at the 11th divide-by-16 rollover after “write to SBUF.” slave will be interrupted by a data byte. An address byte, however,
Reception is initiated by a detected 1-to-0 transition at RxD. For this will interrupt all slaves, so that each slave can examine the received
purpose RxD is sampled at a rate of 16 times whatever baud rate byte and see if it is being addressed. The addressed slave will clear
has been established. When a transition is detected, the its SM2 bit and prepare to receive the data bytes that follow. The
divide-by-16 counter is immediately reset, and 1FFH is written to the slaves that weren’t being addressed leave their SM2 bits set and go
input shift register. on about their business, ignoring the subsequent data bytes.

At the 7th, 8th, and 9th counter states of each bit time, the bit SM2 has no effect in Mode 0, and in Mode 1 can be used to check
detector samples the value of R–D. The value accepted is the value the validity of the stop bit, although this is better done with the
that was seen in at least 2 of the 3 samples. If the value accepted Framing Error flag. In a Mode 1 reception, if SM2 = 1, the receive
during the first bit time is not 0, the receive circuits are reset and the interrupt will not be activated unless a valid stop bit is received.
unit goes back to looking for another 1-to-0 transition. If the start bit

2001 Aug 06 46
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

80C51 INTERNAL BUS

TB8
WRITE TO SBUF

D S
PHASE 2 CLOCK
(1/2 fOSC) Q SBUF TxD
CL P1.0 ALT OUTPUT
FUNCTION
÷2
ZERO DETECTOR

SMOD1 = 0 SMOD1
= 1
START STOP BIT GEN. SHIFT
TX CONTROL DATA

÷16 TX CLOCK TI SEND

÷16 SERIAL PORT INTERRUPT

RX RI
LOAD SBUF
CLOCK
1-TO-0
TRANSITION START RX CONTROL SHIFT
DETECTOR 1FFH

BIT DETECTOR INPUT SHIFT REGISTER

RxD LOAD
P1.1 ALT SBUF
INPUT
FUNCTION

SBUF

READ
SBUF

80C51 INTERNAL BUS

TX CLOCK

WRITE TO SBUF

SEND

DATA TRANSMIT

SHIFT
TxD START
BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 TB8 STOP BIT

TI

STOP BIT GEN.

RX CLOCK
START
RxD ÷ 16 RESET BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 RB8 STOP BIT

BIT DETECTOR SAMPLE TIMES RECEIVE

SHIFT

RI

SU01180

Figure 34. Serial Port Mode 2

2001 Aug 06 47
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

80C51 INTERNAL BUS

TB8
WRITE TO SBUF

D S
TIMER 1 SBUF TxD
OVERFLOW Q
P1.0 ALT
CL OUTPUT
FUNCTION
÷2
ZERO DETECTOR

SMOD1 = 0 SMOD1
= 1
START SHIFT
TX CONTROL DATA

÷16 TX CLOCK TI SEND

÷16 SERIAL PORT INTERRUPT

RX RI
LOAD SBUF
CLOCK
1-TO-0
TRANSITION START RX CONTROL SHIFT
DETECTOR 1FFH

BIT INPUT SHIFT REGISTER

DETECTOR

RxD LOAD
P1.1 ALT SBUF
INPUT
FUNCTION

SBUF

READ
SBUF

80C51 INTERNAL BUS

TX CLOCK

WRITE TO SBUF

SEND

DATA TRANSMIT

SHIFT
TxD START
BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 TB8 STOP BIT

TI

STOP BIT GEN.

RX CLOCK
START
RxD ÷ 16 RESET BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 RB8 STOP BIT

BIT DETECTOR SAMPLE TIMES RECEIVE

SHIFT

RI

SU01181

Figure 35. Serial Port Mode 3

2001 Aug 06 48
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Automatic Address Recognition will be FF hexadecimal. Upon reset SADDR and SADEN are loaded
Automatic Address Recognition is a feature which allows the UART with 0s. This produces a given address of all “don’t cares” as well as
to recognize certain addresses in the serial bit stream by using a Broadcast address of all “don’t cares”. This effectively disables the
hardware to make the comparisons. This feature saves a great deal Automatic Addressing mode and allows the microcontroller to use
of software overhead by eliminating the need for the software to standard UART drivers which do not make use of this feature.
examine every serial address which passes by the serial port. This
feature is enabled by setting the SM2 bit in SCON. In the 9 bit UART Watchdog Timer
modes, mode 2 and mode 3, the Receive Interrupt flag (RI) will be When enabled via the WDTE configuration bit, the watchdog timer is
automatically set when the received byte contains either the “Given” operated from an independent, fully on-chip oscillator in order to
address or the “Broadcast” address. The 9 bit mode requires that provide the greatest possible dependability. When the watchdog
the 9th information bit is a 1 to indicate that the received information feature is enabled, the timer must be fed regularly by software in
is an address and not data. order to prevent it from resetting the CPU, and it cannot be turned off.
When disabled as a watchdog timer (via the WDTE bit in the UCFG1
Using the Automatic Address Recognition feature allows a master to configuration register), it may be used as an interval timer and may
selectively communicate with one or more slaves by invoking the generate an interrupt. The watchdog timer is shown in Figure 36.
Given slave address or addresses. All of the slaves may be
contacted by using the Broadcast address. Two special Function The watchdog timeout time is selectable from one of eight values,
Registers are used to define the slave’s address, SADDR, and the nominal times range from 16 milliseconds to 2.1 seconds. The
address mask, SADEN. SADEN is used to define which bits in the frequency tolerance of the independent watchdog RC oscillator is
SADDR are to be used and which bits are “don’t care”. The SADEN ±37%. The timeout selections and other control bits are shown in
mask can be logically ANDed with the SADDR to create the “Given” Figure 37. When the watchdog function is enabled, the WDCON
address which the master will use for addressing each of the slaves. register may be written once during chip initialization in order to set
Use of the Given address allows multiple slaves to be recognized the watchdog timeout time. The recommended method of initializing
while excluding others. The following examples will help to show the the WDCON register is to first feed the watchdog, then write to
versatility of this scheme: WDCON to configure the WDS2–0 bits. Using this method, the
watchdog initialization may be done any time within 10 milliseconds
Slave 0 SADDR = 1100 0000 after startup without a watchdog overflow occurring before the
SADEN = 1111 1101 initialization can be completed.
Given = 1100 00X0
Since the watchdog timer oscillator is fully on-chip and independent
Slave 1 SADDR = 1100 0000 of any external oscillator circuit used by the CPU, it intrinsically
SADEN = 1111 1110 serves as an oscillator fail detection function. If the watchdog feature
Given = 1100 000X is enabled and the CPU oscillator fails for any reason, the watchdog
In the above example SADDR is the same and the SADEN data is timer will time out and reset the CPU.
used to differentiate between the two slaves. Slave 0 requires a 0 in When the watchdog function is enabled, the timer is deactivated
bit 0 and it ignores bit 1. Slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1 and bit 0 is temporarily when a chip reset occurs from another source, such as
ignored. A unique address for Slave 0 would be 1100 0010 since
a power on reset, brownout reset, or external reset.
slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1. A unique address for slave 1 would be
1100 0001 since a 1 in bit 0 will exclude slave 0. Both slaves can be Watchdog Feed Sequence
selected at the same time by an address which has bit 0 = 0 (for If the watchdog timer is running, it must be fed before it times out in
slave 0) and bit 1 = 0 (for slave 1). Thus, both could be addressed order to prevent a chip reset from occurring. The watchdog feed
with 1100 0000. sequence consists of first writing the value 1Eh, then the value E1h
In a more complex system the following could be used to select to the WDRST register. An example of a watchdog feed sequence is
slaves 1 and 2 while excluding slave 0: shown below.

Slave 0 SADDR = 1100 0000 WDFeed:

mov WDRST,#1eh ; First part of watchdog feed sequence.
SADEN = 1111 1001
mov WDRST,#0e1h ; Second part of watchdog feed sequence.
Given = 1100 0XX0
The two writes to WDRST do not have to occur in consecutive
Slave 1 SADDR = 1110 0000 instructions. An incorrect watchdog feed sequence does not cause
SADEN = 1111 1010 any immediate response from the watchdog timer, which will still
Given = 1110 0X0X time out at the originally scheduled time if a correct feed sequence
Slave 2 SADDR = 1110 0000 does not occur prior to that time.
SADEN = 1111 1100 After a chip reset, the user program has a limited time in which to
Given = 1110 00XX either feed the watchdog timer or change the timeout period. When
In the above example the differentiation among the 3 slaves is in the a low CPU clock frequency is used in the application, the number of
lower 3 address bits. Slave 0 requires that bit 0 = 0 and it can be instructions that can be executed before the watchdog overflows
uniquely addressed by 1110 0110. Slave 1 requires that bit 1 = 0 and may be quite small.
it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 and 0101. Slave 2 requires
that bit 2 = 0 and its unique address is 1110 0011. To select Slaves 0 Watchdog Reset
and 1 and exclude Slave 2 use address 1110 0100, since it is If a watchdog reset occurs, the internal reset is active for
necessary to make bit 2 = 1 to exclude slave 2. The Broadcast approximately one microsecond. If the CPU clock was still running,
Address for each slave is created by taking the logical OR of SADDR code execution will begin immediately after that. If the processor
and SADEN. Zeros in this result are treated as don’t-cares. In most was in Power Down mode, the watchdog reset will start the oscillator
cases, interpreting the don’t-cares as ones, the broadcast address and code execution will resume after the oscillator is stable.

2001 Aug 06 49
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

500 kHz
R/C OSCILLATOR

CLOCK OUT
ENABLE WDS2–0 8 TO 1 MUX
(WDCON.2–0) WATCHDOG
RESET
WDCLK * WDTE
STATE CLOCK 8 MSBs
WATCHDOG
INTERRUPT
20-BIT COUNTER
WDTE + WDRUN

CLEAR WDTE (UCFG1.7)

WATCHDOG
FEED DETECT S
WDOVF
Q (WDCON.5)
BOD (xxx.x) R
POR (xxx.x)
SU01182

Figure 36. Block Diagram of the Watchdog Timer

WDCON Address: A7h Reset Value: S 30h for a watchdog reset.

Not Bit Addressable S 10h for other rest sources if the watchdog is enabled via the WDTE configuration bit.
S 00h for other reset sources if the watchdog is disabled via the WDTE configuration bit.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

— — WDOVF WDRUN WDCLK WDS2 WDS1 WDS0

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

WDCON.7, 6 — Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
WDCON.5 WDOVF Watchdog timer overflow flag. Set when a watchdog reset or timer overflow occurs. Cleared when
the watchdog is fed.
WDCON.4 WDRUN Watchdog run control. The watchdog timer is started when WDRUN = 1 and stopped when
WDRUN = 0. This bit is forced to 1 (watchdog running) if the WDTE configuration bit = 1.
WDCON.3 WDCLK Watchdog clock select. The watchdog timer is clocked by CPU clock/6 when WDCLK = 1 and by
the watchdog RC oscillator when WDCLK = 0. This bit is forced to 0 (using the watchdog RC
oscillator) if the WDTE configuration bit = 1.
WDCON.2–0 WDS2–0 Watchdog rate select.
WDS2–0 Timeout Clocks Minimum Time Nominal Time Maximum Time
000 8,192 10 ms 16 ms 23 ms
001 16,384 20 ms 32 ms 45 ms
010 32,768 41 ms 65 ms 90 ms
011 65,536 82 ms 131 ms 180 ms
100 131,072 165 ms 262 ms 360 ms
101 262,144 330 ms 524 ms 719 ms
110 524,288 660 ms 1.05 sec 1.44 sec
111 1,048,576 1.3 sec 2.1 sec 2.9 sec
SU01183

Figure 37. Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDCON)

2001 Aug 06 50
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Additional Features • MOV DPTR, #data16 Load the Data Pointer with a 16-bit
The AUXR1 register contains several special purpose control bits that constant.
relate to several chip features. AUXR1 is described in Figure 38.
• MOVC A, @A+DPTR Move code byte relative to DPTR to the
Software Reset accumulator.
• MOVX A, @DPTR
The SRST bit in AUXR1 allows software the opportunity to reset the
processor completely, as if an external reset or watchdog reset had Move data byte the accumulator to data
occurred. If a value is written to AUXR1 that contains a 1 at bit memory relative to DPTR.
position 3, all SFRs will be initialized and execution will resume at • MOVX @DPTR, A Move data byte from data memory
program address 0000. Care should be taken when writing to relative to DPTR to the accumulator.
AUXR1 to avoid accidental software resets.
Also, any instruction that reads or manipulates the DPH and DPL
Dual Data Pointers registers (the upper and lower bytes of the current DPTR) will be
The dual Data Pointer (DPTR) adds to the ways in which the affected by the setting of DPS. The MOVX instructions have limited
processor can specify the address used with certain instructions. application for the 87LPC768 since the part does not have an
The DPS bit in the AUXR1 register selects one of the two Data external data bus. However, they may be used to access EPROM
Pointers. The DPTR that is not currently selected is not accessible configuration information (see EPROM Characteristics section).
to software unless the DPS bit is toggled.
Bit 2 of AUXR1 is permanently wired as a logic 0. This is so that the
Specific instructions affected by the Data Pointer selection are: DPS bit may be toggled (thereby switching Data Pointers) simply by
• INC DPTR Increments the Data Pointer by 1. incrementing the AUXR1 register, without the possibility of
• JMP @A+DPTR Jump indirect relative to DPTR value.
inadvertently altering other bits in the register.

AUXR1 Address: A2h Reset Value: 00h

Not Bit Addressable

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

KBF BOD BOI LPEP SRST 0 — DPS

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

AUXR1.7 KBF Keyboard Interrupt Flag. Set when any pin of port 0 that is enabled for the Keyboard Interrupt
function goes low. Must be cleared by software.
AUXR1.6 BOD Brown Out Disable. When set, turns off brownout detection and saves power. See Power
Monitoring Functions section for details.
AUXR1.5 BOI Brown Out Interrupt. When set, prevents brownout detection from causing a chip reset and allows
the brownout detect function to be used as an interrupt. See the Power Monitoring Functions
section for details.
AUXR1.4 LPEP Low Power EPROM control bit. Allows power savings in low voltage systems. Set by software. Can
only be cleared by power-on or brownout reset. See the Power Reduction Modes section for
details.
AUXR1.3 SRST Software Reset. When set by software, resets the 87LPC764 as if a hardware reset occurred.
AUXR1.2 — This bit contains a hard-wired 0. Allows toggling of the DPS bit by incrementing AUXR1, without
interfering with other bits in the register.
AUXR1.1 — Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
AUXR1.0 DPS Data Pointer Select. Chooses one of two Data Pointers for use by the program. See text for details.
SU01184

Figure 38. AUXR1 Register

2001 Aug 06 51
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

EPROM Characteristics 32-Byte Customer Code Space

Programming of the EPROM on the 87LPC768 is accomplished with A small supplemental EPROM space is reserved for use by the
a serial programming method. Commands, addresses, and data are customer in order to identify code revisions, store checksums, add a
transmitted to and from the device on two pins after programming serial number to each device, or any other desired use. This area
mode is entered. Serial programming allows easy implementation of exists in the code memory space from addresses FCE0h through
in-circuit programming of the 87LPC768 in an application board. FCFFh. Code execution from this space is not supported, but it may
Details of In-System Programming can be found in application note be read as data through the use of the MOVC instruction with the
AN466. appropriate addresses. The memory may be programmed at the
same time as the rest of the code memory and UCFG bytes are
The 87LPC768 contains three signature bytes that can be read and programmed.
used by an EPROM programming system to identify the device. The
signature bytes designate the device as an 87LPC768 manufactured System Configuration Bytes
by Philips. The signature bytes may be read by the user program at A number of user configurable features of the 87LPC768 must be
addresses FC30h, FC31h and FC60h with the MOVC instruction, defined at power up and therefore cannot be set by the program after
using the DPTR register for addressing. start of execution. Those features are configured through the use of
two EPROM bytes that are programmed in the same manner as the
A special user data area is also available for access via the MOVC
EPROM program space. The contents of the two configuration bytes,
instruction at addresses FCE0h through FCFFh. This “customer
UCFG1 and UCFG2, are shown in Figures 39 and 40. The values of
code” space is programmed in the same manner as the main code
these bytes may be read by the program through the use of the
EPROM and may be used to store a serial number, manufacturing
MOVX instruction at the addresses shown in the figure.
date, or other application information.

UCFG1 Address: FD00h Unprogrammed Value: FFh

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

WDTE RPD PRHI BOV CLKR FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

UCFG1.7 WDTE Watchdog timer enable. When programmed (0), disables the watchdog timer. The timer may
still be used to generate an interrupt.
UCFG1.6 RPD Reset pin disable. When 1 disables the reset function of pin P1.5, allowing it to be used as an
input only port pin.
UCFG1.5 PRHI Port reset high. When 1, ports reset to a high state. When 0, ports reset to a low state.
UCFG1.4 BOV Brownout voltage select. When 1, the brownout detect voltage is 2.5V. When 0, the brownout
detect voltage is 3.8V. This is described in the Power Monitoring Functions section.
UCFG1.3 CLKR Clock rate select. When 0, the CPU clock rate is divided by 2. This results in machine cycles
taking 12 CPU clocks to complete as in the standard 80C51. For full backward compatibility,
this division applies to peripheral timing as well.
UCFG1.2–0 FOSC2–FSOC0 CPU oscillator type select. See Oscillator section for additional information. Combinations
other than those shown below should not be used. They are reserved for future use.
FOSC2–FOSC0 Oscillator Configuration
1 1 1 External clock input on X1 (default setting for an unprogrammed part).
0 1 1 Internal RC oscillator, 6 MHz ±25%.
0 1 0 Low frequency crystal, 20 kHz to 100 kHz.
0 0 1 Medium frequency crystal or resonator, 100 kHz to 4 MHz.
0 0 0 High frequency crystal or resonator, 4 MHz to 20 MHz.
SU01185

Figure 39. EPROM System Configuration Byte 1 (UCFG1)

2001 Aug 06 52
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

UCFG2 Address: FD01h Unprogrammed Value: FFh

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

SB2 SB1 — — — — — —

BIT SYMBOL FUNCTION

UCFG2.7, 6 SB2, SB1 EPROM security bits. See table entitled, “EPROM Security Bits” for details.
UCFG2.5–0 — Reserved for future use.
SU01186

Figure 40. EPROM System Configuration Byte 2 (UCFG2)

Security Bits
When neither of the security bits are programmed, the code in the EPROM can be verified. When only security bit 1 is programmed, all further
programming of the EPROM is disabled. At that point, only security bit 2 may still be programmed. When both security bits are programmed,
EPROM verify is also disabled.

Table 13. EPROM Security Bits

SB2 SB1 Protection Description
1 1 Both security bits unprogrammed. No program security features enabled. EPROM is programmable and verifiable.
1 0 Only security bit 1 programmed. Further EPROM programming is disabled. Security bit 2 may still be programmed.
0 1 Only security bit 2 programmed. This combination is not supported.
0 0 Both security bits programmed. All EPROM verification and programming are disabled.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

PARAMETER RATING UNIT
Operating temperature under bias –55 to +125 °C
Storage temperature range –65 to +150 °C
Voltage on RST/VPP pin to VSS 0 to +11.0 V
Voltage on any other pin to VSS –0.5 to VDD+0.5V V
Maximum IOL per I/O pin 20 mA
Power dissipation (based on package heat transfer, not device power consumption) 1.5 W
NOTES:
1. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and
functional operation of the device at these or any conditions other than those described in the AC and DC Electrical Characteristics section
of this specification are not implied.
2. This product includes circuitry specifically designed for the protection of its internal devices from the damaging effects of excessive static
charge. Nonetheless, it is suggested that conventional precautions be taken to avoid applying greater than the rated maximum.
3. Parameters are valid over operating temperature range unless otherwise specified. All voltages are with respect to VSS unless otherwise noted.

2001 Aug 06 53
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VDD = 2.7 V to 6.0 V unless otherwise specified; Tamb = 0°C to +70°C or –40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise specified.
LIMITS
SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS UNIT
MIN TYP1 MAX
5.0 V, 20 MHz11 15 25 mA
IDD Power supply current
current, operating
3.0 V, 10 MHz11 4 7 mA
5.0 V, 20 MHz11 6 10 mA
IID current Idle mode
Power supply current,
3.0 V, 10 MHz11 2 4 mA
5.0 V11 1 10 µA
IPD Power supply current
current, Power Down mode
3.0 V11 1 5 µA
VRAM RAM keep-alive voltage 1.5 V
4.0 V < VDD < 6.0 V –0.5 0.2 VDD–0.1 V
VIL Input low voltage (TTL input)
2.7 V < VDD < 4.0 V –0.5 0.7 V
VIL1 Negative going threshold (Schmitt input) –0.5 VDD 0.4 VDD 0.3 VDD V
VIH Input high voltage (TTL input) 0.2 VDD+0.9 VDD+0.5 V
VIH1 Positive going threshold (Schmitt input) 0.7 VDD 0.6 VDD VDD+0.5 V
HYS Hysteresis voltage 0.2 VDD V
VOL Output low voltage all ports5, 9 IOL = 3.2 mA, VDD = 2.7 V 0.4 V
VOL1 Output low voltage all ports5, 9 IOL = 20 mA, VDD = 2.7 V 1.0 V
IOH = –20 µA, VDD = 2.7 V VDD–0.7 V
VOH
O voltage all ports3
Output high voltage,
IOH = –30 µA, VDD = 4.5 V VDD–0.7 V
VOH1 Output high voltage, all ports4 IOH = –1.0 mA, VDD = 2.7 V VDD–0.7 V
CIO Input/Output pin capacitance10 15 pF
IIL Logical 0 input current, all ports8 VIN = 0.4 V –50 µA
ILI Input leakage current, all ports7 VIN = VIL or VIH ±2 µA
VIN = 1.5 V at VDD = 3.0 V –30 –250 µA
ITL current all ports3, 6
Logical 1 to 0 transition current,
VIN = 2.0 V at VDD = 5.5 V –150 –650 µA
RRST Internal reset pull-up resistor 40 225 kΩ
VBO2.5 Brownout trip voltage with BOV = 112 Tamb = 0°C to +70°C 2.45 2.5 2.65 V
VBO3.8 Brownout trip voltage with BOV = 0 3.45 3.8 3.90 V
VREF Bandgap reference voltage 1.11 1.26 1.41 V
tC (VREF) Bandgap temperature coefficient tbd ppm/°C
SS Bandgap supply sensitivity tbd %/V
NOTES:
1. Typical ratings are not guaranteed. The values listed are at room temperature, 5 V.
2. See other Figures for details.
Active mode: ICC(MAX) = tbd
Idle mode: ICC(MAX) = tbd
3. Ports in quasi-bidirectional mode with weak pull-up (applies to all port pins with pull-ups). Does not apply to open drain pins.
4. Ports in PUSH-PULL mode. Does not apply to open drain pins.
5. In all output modes except high impedance mode.
6. Port pins source a transition current when used in quasi-bidirectional mode and externally driven from 1 to 0. This current is highest when
VIN is approximately 2 V.
7. Measured with port in high impedance mode. Parameter is guaranteed but not tested at cold temperature.
8. Measured with port in quasi-bidirectional mode.
9. Under steady state (non-transient) conditions, IOL must be externally limited as follows:
Maximum IOL per port pin: 20 mA
Maximum total IOL for all outputs: 80 mA
Maximum total IOH for all outputs: 5 mA
If IOL exceeds the test condition, VOL may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater than the listed
test conditions.
10. Pin capacitance is characterized but not tested.
11. The IDD, IID, and IPD specifications are measured using an external clock with the following functions disabled: comparators, brownout
detect, and watchdog timer. For VDD = 3 V, LPEP = 1. Refer to the appropriate figures on the following pages for additional current drawn by
each of these functions and detailed graphs for other frequency and voltage combinations.
12. Devices initially operating at VDD = 2.7V or above and at fOSC = 10 MHz or less are guaranteed to continue to execute instructions correctly
at the brownout trip point. Initial power-on operation below VDD = 2.7 V is not guaranteed.

2001 Aug 06 54
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

COMPARATOR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

VDD = 3.0 V to 6.0 V unless otherwise specified; Tamb = 0°C to +70°C or –40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise specified
LIMITS
SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS UNIT
MIN TYP MAX
VIO Offset voltage comparator inputs1 ±10 mV
VCR Common mode range comparator inputs 0 VDD–0.3 V
CMRR Common mode rejection ratio1 –50 dB
Response time 250 500 ns
Comparator enable to output valid 10 µs
IIL Input leakage current, comparator 0 < VIN < VDD ±10 µA
NOTE:
1. This parameter is guaranteed by characterization, but not tested in production.

A/D CONVERTER DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Vdd = 3.0V to 6.0V unless otherwise specified;
Tamb = 0 to +70°C for commercial, -40°C to +85°C for industrial, unless otherwise specified.
LIMITS
SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS UNIT
MIN MAX
AVIN Analog input voltage VSS - 0.2 VDD + 0.2 V
RREF Resistance between VDD and VSS A/D enabled tbd tbd kΩ
CIA Analog input capacitance 15 pF
DLe Differential non-linearity1,2,3 ±1 LSB
ILe Integral non-linearity1,4 ±1 LSB
OSe Offset error1,5 ±2 LSB
Ge Gain error1,6 ±1 %
Ae Absolute voltage error1,7 ±1 LSB
MCTC Channel-to-channel matching ±1 LSB
Ct Crosstalk between inputs of port8 0 - 100kHz -60 dB
- Input slew rate 100 V/ms
- Input source impedance 10 kΩ
NOTES:
1. Conditions: VSS = 0V; VDD = 5.12V.
2. The A/D is monotonic, there are no missing codes
3. The differential non-linearity (DLe) is the difference between the actual step width and the ideal step width. See Figure 41.
4. The integral non-linearity (ILe) is the peak difference between the center of the steps of the actual and the ideal transfer curve after
appropriate adjustment of gain and offset errors. See Figure 41.
5. The offset error (OSe) is the absolute difference between the straight line which fits the actual transfer curve (after removing gain error), and
the straight line which fits the ideal transfer curve. See Figure 41.
6. The gain error (Ge) is the relative difference in percent between the straight line fitting the actual transfer curve (after removing offset error),
and the straight line which fits the ideal transfer curve. Gain error is constant at every point on the transfer curve. See Figure 41.
7. The absolute voltage error (Ae) is the maximum difference between the center of the steps of the actual transfer curve of the non-calibrated
ADC and the ideal transfer curve.
8. This should be considered when both analog and digital signals are input simultaneously to A/D pins.
9. Changing the input voltage faster than this may cause erroneous readings.
10. A source impedance higher than this driving an A/D input may result in loss of precision and erroneous readings.

2001 Aug 06 55
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Offset Gain
error error
OSe Ge

255

254

253

252

251

250
(2)

7
Code (1)
Out
6

(5)
4

(4)
3

(3)
2

1 1 LSB
(ideal)

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 250 251 252 253 254 255 256

AVIN (LSBideal)

Offset
error
OSe VDD - VSS
1 LSB =
256
(1) Example of an actual transfer curve.
(2) The ideal transfer curve.
(3) Differential non-linearity (DLe).
(4) Integral non-linearity (ILe).
(5) Center of a step of the actual transfer curve. SU01355

Figure 41. A/D Conversion Characteristics

2001 Aug 06 56
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Tamb = 0°C to +70°C or –40°C to +85°C, VDD = 2.7 V to 6.0 V unless otherwise specified, VSS = 0 V1, 2, 3
LIMITS
SYMBOL FIGURE PARAMETER UNIT
MIN MAX
External Clock
fC 43 Oscillator frequency (VDD = 4.5 V to 6.0 V) 0 20 MHz
fC 43 Oscillator frequency (VDD = 2.7 V to 6.0 V) 0 10 MHz
tC 43 Clock period and CPU timing cycle 1/fC ns
tCHCX 43 Clock high-time4 20 ns
tCLCX 43 Clock low time4 20 ns
Shift Register
tXLXL 42 Serial port clock cycle time 6tC ns
tQVXH 42 Output data setup to clock rising edge 5tC – 133 ns
tXHQX 42 Output data hold after clock rising edge 1tC – 80 ns
tXHDV 42 Input data setup to clock rising edge 5tC – 133 ns
tXHDX 42 Input data hold after clock rising edge 0 ns
NOTES:
1. Parameters are valid over operating temperature range unless otherwise specified.
2. Load capacitance for all outputs = 80 pF.
3. Parts are guaranteed to operate down to 0 Hz.
4. Applies only to an external clock source, not when a crystal is connected to the X1 and X2 pins.

2001 Aug 06 57
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

tXLXL

CLOCK

tXHQX
tQVXH
OUTPUT DATA
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
WRITE TO SBUF
tXHDX
tXHDV SET TI

INPUT DATA
VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID

CLEAR RI
SET RI
SU01187

Figure 42. Shift Register Mode Timing

VDD – 0.5
0.2VDD + 0.9
0.2 VDD – 0.1
0.45V
tCHCX

tCHCL tCLCX tCLCH

tC

SU01188

Figure 43. External Clock Timing

100 1000

6.0 V
6.0 V 5.0 V
5.0 V
Idd (uA)

Idd (uA)

10 100 4.0 V
4.0 V
3.3 V
3.3 V 2.7 V
2.7 V

1 10
10 100 100 1,000 10,000
Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz)

SU01202 SU01203

Figure 44. Typical low frequency oscillator Idd at 25°C Figure 45. Typical medium frequency oscillator Idd at 25°C
(See Note 1) (See Note 1)

2001 Aug 06 58
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

10,000
10,000 4.0 V
3.3 V

6.0 V 1,000
5.0 V 2.7 V
Idd (uA)

Idd (uA)
1,000
4.0 V 100
3.3 V

2.7 V 10

100 1
1 10 100 10 100 1,000 10,000
Frequency (kHz)
Frequency (MHz)
SU01204 SU01207

Figure 46. Typical high frequency oscillator Idd versus Figure 49. Typical Idle Idd versus frequency (external clock,
frequency at 25°C (See Note 1) 25°C, LPEP=1)

100,000 10,000
5.0 V 5.0 V
6.0 V
6.0 V 4.0 V
10,000 4.0 V
3.3 V 1,000
3.3 V
Idd (uA)

2.7 V
Idd (uA)

1,000

2.7 V
100
100

10 10
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

Frequency (kHz) Frequency (kHz)

SU01205 SU01208

Figure 47. Typical Active Idd versus frequency (external clock, Figure 50. Typical Idle Idd versus frequency (external clock,
25°C, LPEP=0) 25°C, LPEP=0)

4.0 V NOTE:
10,000 3.3 V 1. Total Idd at sum of oscillator current and active or idle current
shown in Figures 47, 48, 49 or 50 as appropriate

1,000 2.7 V
Idd (uA)

100

10

1
10 100 1,000 10,000
Frequency (kHz)
SU01206

Figure 48. Typical Active Idd versus frequency (external clock,

25°C, LPEP=1)

2001 Aug 06 59
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

DIP20: plastic dual in-line package; 20 leads (300 mil) SOT146-1

2001 Aug 06 60
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

SO20: plastic small outline package; 20 leads; body width 7.5 mm SOT163-1

2001 Aug 06 61
Philips Semiconductors Preliminary data

Low power, low price, low pin count (20 pin) microcontroller
87LPC768
with 4 kB OTP 8-bit A/D, Pulse Width Modulator

Purchase of Philips I2C components conveys a license under the Philips’ I2C patent
to use the components in the I2C system provided the system conforms to the
I2C specifications defined by Philips. This specification can be ordered using the
code 9398 393 40011.

Data sheet status

Product Definitions
Data sheet status [1]
status [2]

Objective data Development This data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product development.
Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification in any manner without notice.

Preliminary data Qualification This data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification. Supplementary data will be
published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification
without notice, in order to improve the design and supply the best possible product.
Product data Production This data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips Semiconductors reserves the
right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply.
Changes will be communicated according to the Customer Product/Process Change Notification
(CPCN) procedure SNW-SQ-650A.
[1] Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design.
[2] The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL
http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.

Definitions
Short-form specification — The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For
detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook.
Limiting values definition — Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one
or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or
at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended
periods may affect device reliability.
Application information — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips
Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or
modification.

Disclaimers
Life support — These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can
reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications
do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application.
Right to make changes — Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard
cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no
responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these
products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless
otherwise specified.
Philips Semiconductors  Copyright Philips Electronics North America Corporation 2001
811 East Arques Avenue All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
P.O. Box 3409
Sunnyvale, California 94088–3409 Date of release: 08-01
Telephone 800-234-7381
Document order number: 9397 750 08661






2001 Aug 06 62