1. The voltage across a 1.1 kW toaster that produces a current of 10 A is _____.

Solution:
Given: P= 1.1kW or 1.1x103
I= 10A
V= ?
3
P 1.1 kW 1.1 x 10
V= = =
I 10 A 10
V= 110V

2. A telephone wire has a current of 20 µA flowing through it. How long does it take for a
charge of 15 C to pass through the wire?
Solution:
Given: Formula:
I = 20 µA Q =It
Q = 15 C t = Q/I
t =?
15 C
t= −6
20 x 10 A
t= 7.50x105 or 0.75s

3. A lightning bolt carried a current of 2 kA and lasted for 3 ms. How many coulombs of
charge were contained in the lightning bolt?
Solution:
Given: Formula:
I = 2kA Q = It
t = 3ms
Q =?
Q= (2x103 A)(3x10-3 s)
Q= 6C

4. A battery may be rated in ampere-hours (Ah). A lead-acid battery is rated at 160 Ah. (a)
what is the maximum current it can supply for 40 h? (b) how many days it last if it
 discharged at 1 mA?
Solution:
A. Given: Formula:
Q = 160 Ah Q = It
t = 40h I = Q/t
I=?
160 Ah
I= 40 h
I= 4A
B. Given: Formula:
Q = 160 Ah Q = It
t=? I = Q/t
I = 1mA
160 Ah
t= 1 x 10−3 A
1day
t= 1.6x105 h x
24 h
= 6.6667 days

5. How much work is done by a 12-V automobile battery in moving 5 x 1020 electrons from
the positive terminal to the negative terminal?
Solution:
Given: V=12 V, 5x1020 electrons
Conversion of electrons to Coulombs:
1C
5x1020 e x = 80C
6.25 x 1018
W= VQ
= (12V)(80C)
W= 960 J

6. How much energy does a 10-hp motor deliver in 30 minutes? Assume that 1 horsepower
= 746 W.
Solution:
Given: P= 10hp, 1hp= 746W, t= 30mins, W=?
746W
10hp x = 7460W
1 hp
60 s
30mins x = 1800s
1min
W= (7460W)(1800s) = 13.43x106 J
7. A 2-kW electric iron is connected to a 120-V line. Calculate the current drawn by the
 iron.
Solution:
Given: V= 120V, P= 2kW, I= ?
1000W
2kW x = 2000W
1 kW
2000W
I=
120 V
I= 16.6667 A

8. The maximum current that a 2W, 80 kΩ resistor can safely conduct is ____.
Solution:
I=
√ √
P
R
= 2
80 k
= √ 0.025 x 10−3
= √ 25 x 10−6
= 5 x 10-3 = 5 mA

9. The equivalent resistance of the circuit in the figure below is:

2 kΩ + 6 k Ω = 8 k Ω

8 k Ω + 3 k Ω = 11 k Ω

11 k Ω + 3 k Ω = 14 k Ω

10. When the voltage across a resistor is 120 V, the current through it is 2.5 mA. Calculate its
conductance.
Solution:
Given: V = 120V, I = 2.5mA , R = ?
120V
R= = 4.8 x 104 Ω
2.5 m
R= 48 kΩ
11. Find the hot resistance of a lightbulb rated 60 W, 120 V.
Solution:
Given: P = 60 W, V = 120V, R =?
(120 V )2
60W=
R
R= 240Ω

12. If Req = 50 ohms in the circuit, find R.

Solution:
Let R0 = combinations of three 12Ω resistors in parallel.
1 1 1 1
= + + → R0 =4
R 0 12 12 12
Req =30+60 ( 10+ R 0+ R )=30+ 60(14+ R)
60 (14+ R)
50=30+ → 74+ R=42+3 R
74+ R
R=16 Ω

13. Reduce each of the circuits to a single resistor at terminals a-b.

Solution:
A. Rab =5∨¿( 9+20∨¿30)
Rab =5∨¿( 8+12)
5 x 20
¿
25
¿4 Ω
B . R ab=2+4||5+3||8+ 5||10|| 4
Rab =2+ 2+ 1.8181
¿ 5.181 Ω
14. Calculate the equivalent resistance at terminals a-b for each of the circuits.
Solution:
A. R1=¿
¿8Ω

R2=¿

¿4 Ω

Rab =4 Ω+ 8 Ω

¿ 12 Ω

B. R1=¿
¿ 10 Ω

R2=10 Ω+10 Ω
¿ 20 Ω

Rab =¿
¿ 16 Ω

15. Obtain the equivalent resistance in each of the circuits. In (b) all resistors have a value of
30 ohms.
Solution: (A)
( 30 x 40 ) + ( 30 x 10 ) +(40 x 10) 190
Ra = =63.3333 …∨
30 3
( 30 x 40 ) + ( 30 x 10 ) +(40 x 10)
Rb = =47.5
40
( 30 x 40 ) + ( 30 x 10 ) + ( 40 x 10 )
Rc = =190
10

R1=¿
R2=¿
 39.805
R 1 + R2=
731
R3=¿
4190
= 99

Rab =20 Ω+ 80 Ω+ R3
¿ 142.3232 Ω

Solution: (B)
2
30
Ra =Rb=R c =
3 (30)
¿ 10 Ω

R1=30+ 30=60 Ω
R2=60∨¿ 30=20 Ω
R3=10+ 10+20=40 Ω
R4 =10+10=20 Ω

R5=20∨¿ 40
40
¿ Ω
3

Rab =10+10+ R5
100
¿ Ω∨33.3333 Ω
3

16. Using Mesh Analysis, solve for the mesh currents.

Solution:
Loop 1:−4+2 ( i 4−i 2 ) +5i +2 ( i 1−i 3 )=0
1

9i −2i −2i =4
1 2 3
 Loop 2: 1 ( i 2−i 4 )−10+ 2 ( i 2 ) +2 ( i 2−i 4 ) + 4+ 4 ( i 2−i 3 ) +1(i 2−i 5 )
10i −2i −4 i −i 4−i 5=−6
1 2 3

Loop 3: −6+ 4 ( i 3−i 2 ) +2 ( i 3−i 1 ) +3i +12=0 3

9i −2i −4 i =−6
3 1 2

Loop 4: 4 i +1 ( i 4−i 2 ) +3 ( i 4 −i 5 )=0

4

8i −i 2−3i =0 4 5

Loop 5: 3i +1 ( i 5−i 2 )+ 6−3i =0

5 4

4 i +i 2−3i =−6
5 4

det i5 =22736
i 5=−1.9860 A

17. Using Nodal Analysis, solve for the node voltages.

Solution:
KCL Node 1:
6=1a +1b
V 1 V 1+ V 2
8 [6= + ]
8 4
48=V 1 +2 V 1−2 V 2
3 V 1−2 V 2=48
−3(V 1−3 V 2 =40)
7 V 2 −72
=
7 7
V 2=−10.2857 V

KCL Node 2:
I b=I c + 10

4 [
V 1−V 2 V 2
= + 10 4
3 ]
V 1−V 2 =2V 2 + 40
V 1−2 V 2=40

V 1−3
−72
7
= 40
[ ]
V 1=40 ∓ 3
−72
7 [ ]
V 1=9.1429V
18. Using Kirchhoff’s Law, solve for the currents and voltages in each resistors.
Solution:
KCL Node 2:
V 1=12

[
V −V 2 V 2 −0 V 2 −V 3
2 1
2
=
2
+
2 ]
V 1−V 2 =V 2+ V 2−V 3
¿ 3 V 2−V 3 ; V 1=12

3 V 2−V 3 =12
+ 3[3V 3−V 2=12]
8 V 3 48
=
8 8
¿6
−V 1−V 2=6 V
−V 2−0=6 V
−V 2−V 3=0
−V 1−V 3 =6 V

KCL Node 3:
V 1−V 3 V 2−V 3 V 3
2[ + = ]
2 2 2
V 1−V 3 +V 2 −V 3=V 3
V 1=3 V 3 −V 2 ; V 1=12
12=3 V 2−V 3
12=3 V 2−6
18 3 V 3
=
3 3
=6

−V 1−V 2
=3 A
2
−V 2−V 3
=0
2
−V 1−V 3
=3 A
2
19. Find the mesh currents in the circuit.
Solution:
KVL @ Mesh 1:
−120−i1 ( 30+10 ) +10 i 2
−120−40 i1 +10 i 2
10
−12−4 i 1+ i2
−4 i1 +i 2=12 →1

KVL @ Mesh 2:
−i 2 ( 10+10+ 30 )+ 10i 1 +10 i 3
−50i 2 +10 i 1+10 i 3
10
−5 i 2+i 1 +i 3 → 2

KVL @ Mesh 3:
120−i3 ( 10+30 ) +10 i 2
120−40i 3 +10 i 2
10
12−4 i 3+ i2
−4 i3 +i 2=−12→ 3

Other Equations:
i 2=12+4 i1 → 4
1
i 3=3+ →5
4 i2
−5 i 2+i 2 +i 3
1
−5 i 2+i 1 +( 3+ )
4 i2
19
i 1− =−3
4 i2
19
i 1− ( 12+4 i1 ) =−3
4
−18i 1=54
−18
i 1=−3
i 2=12+4 (−3 )
¿0
 −4 i 3=−12−( 0)
−4
¿3

20. Solve the power at 1kΩ using nodal analysis.

Solution:
KCL Node 1:

[
4 20= +
V 1 V 1−V 2
2 4
+V 1−V 3 ]
80=2V 1+V 1 −V 2+ 4 V 1−4 V 3
80=7 V 1−V 2−4 V 3

KCL Node 2:

4 [
V 1−V 2
4
V V −V 3
+5= 2 + 2
2 4 ]
V 1−V 2 +20=2 V 2+V 2−V 3
20=4 V 2 −V 3−V 1

KCL Node 3:

[
4 10+
V 2−V 3
4
+ V 1−V 3=5 ]
40+ V 2−V 3 +4 V 1−4 V 3=20
V 2 +4 V 1−5 V 3=−20

265
V 3= =37.8571 V
7
11 220
V 2 + (V 3 )=
27 27
165
V 2= =23.5714 V
7
1 4 80
V 1 = ( V 2 )− ( V 3 ) =
7 7 7
255
V 1= =36.4286 V
7
255−265 1
P= x
7 1000
P=0.0021W
21. Use Kirchhoff’s law to solve for vab and io in the circuit shown below.
Solution:
Loop 1:
80−i 1 ( 20+20+30 )+ 30i 3 +20 i 2
−5 i 1+2 i 2+ 3i 3 =−8

Loop 2:
80−i 2 ( 20+20+30 )+ 20i 1 +30 i 3
−5 i 2+ 2i 1+ 30i 3=−8

Loop 3:
−i 3 ( 30+ 30+ 30 ) +30 i2 +30 i 1
−3 i 3+ i2 +i 1
2 i1 −5i 2 +3 i 3=−8
+ i1 +i 2−3 i 3=0
3i 1−4 i 2=−8
−5 i 1+2 i 2+ 3i 3 =−8
−2i 1−5 i 2 +3 i3 =−8
−7 i 1+ 7i 2=0
7(3 i 1−4 i 2=−8)
+ 3 (−7 i1 +7 i 2=0 )
−7 i 2 −56
=
−7 −7
i 2=8 A
−7 i 1+ 7i 2=0
7 i 2=7 i 1
8=i 1
i 1+ i2 =3i 3
8+ 8=3 i 3
16 3i 3
=
3 3
16
i 3= =i 0
3

V ab=i 0 ( 3 )
 16
¿ (3)
3
¿ 16 V

22. Find the i1, i2 and i3 by supermesh.

Solution:
Loop 1:
−30−I 1 ( 5+5 ) +5 I 2
−10 l 1+5 I 2=30

Supermesh:
−I 2 ( 5+ 4 ) −I 3 + 4 I 4 +5 I 1
−9 I 2−I 2+ 4 I 4 +5 I 1
I 3=I 2−10
I 2=6+2 I 1
I 4=−20+ I 2
; I 1=I 1
−9 I 2−I 3+ 4 ( I 2−20 ) +5 I 1
−5 I 2−( I 2−10 ) +5 I 1 =80
−6 I 2+ 5 I 1=70
−7 I 1 106
=
7 7
−106
I 1= A
7

Loop 4:
−80 V −4 I 4 + 4 I 2
4 I 2−4 I 4 =80 V
1
[ 5 I 2 =30+10 I 1 ] 5
I 2=6+2 I 1
1
[ 4 I 2−80=4 I 4 ] 4
I 4=I 2−20

I 2=6+2 ( −106
7 )
 170
¿− A
7

( −170
I 3=
7 )−10=
−240
7
A

i =−20+ (
7 )
−170 −310
3 = A
7
I 3=−44.2857 A

i 2= (
−106
7
A−
−170
7
A )( )
¿ 9.1429 A

23. Find the current I3. Determine the voltages VS and V1 using Kirchhoff’s law.
Solution:
KCL Node 1:
20+ I 2=I 3

[ 20+ ( −V300 )= 200

a V
]600
a

12,000−2V a =3 V a
12,000 5 V a
=
5 5
V a =2,400 mV
V 1=20 MA ( 100 Ω )
¿ 2 , 000 mV
V s =V 1 +V a
¿ 2 , 000+2 , 400
¿ 4 , 400 mV
V
I 3= a
200
2, 400
¿
200
¿ 12 mA

24. Find branch current and node voltages using Nodal Analysis.
Solution:
KCL Supernode V1V2

[
V V
4 2= 1 + 2 + 7
2 4 ]
8−28=2 V 1 +V 2
−20=2V 1 +V 2
 −20−2+3 V 1
−22 3 V 1
=
3 3
−22
V 1= V
3
V 1−V 2 =−2
22
¿− +2
3
¿ 5.3333V
V 1−0 −11
= A=3.6667 A
2 3
V 2 −4
= =1.3333 A
4 3
V 1−V 2 −1
= =0.2 A
10 5