Name:

BSBA FM1-G2
TCW
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 12

CONTEMPLATE (page 106)

a. When you hear the word, MODERNITY, what image of the world do you see? Illustrate your
vision below.

Modern arts is the new movement and era for art itself which could be the
stage of more diverse and complex styles.

Through modern arts artists challenge the idea that art needs to represent
the world in a practical way, some artists have experimented with the
imaginative use of color, non-traditional materials and new techniques and
media. Among those new media was photography, the invention of which
in 1839 offered revolutionary possibilities to portray and view the world.

b. What were your thoughts as you were drawing your vision?

Modern art includes a wide range of trends, philosophies, and attitudes whose modernism exists in
particular in a tendency to disregard conventional, historical, or academic forms and traditions in an
attempt to produce an art more in line with changed social, cultural, and intellectual conditions.

Modern art is the era of art movement where artist provided more self-expression and break boundaries in
traditional art.

COLLABORATE AND CREATE (page 107)

Look for online article on DEPENDENCY and WORLD SYTEMS perspective. Create an inforgraphic
comparing and paste in the space below.

ASSESMENT (page 111)

Write an essay using the following guide questions
1. What are the affordances and pitfalls of viewing the world as divided into global north and
global south.

Global Northern countries are those nations that are economically developed such as the USA, the UK,
Canada, Western European nations and developed parts of Asia; Global Southern countries are those
that are less economically developed such as nations in Africa and some parts of Asia

2. Is the global divided something that you feel is affecting you daily, in your home, or in your
community? Why and how?

your life affected by the digital divide? Rural communities are one of the groups most affected
by this phenomenon, but new technologies and awareness of the issues is helping to close the
gap slowly. In fact, providing internet Is access to people who live in rural communities is a big
step for leveling the playing field, with the power to transform education, income,
communications, healthcare and other basics of life.

3. If you were our country’s leader, what programs or policies will you purpose knowing how the
world economic system goes? Justify your answer.

If it were up to me, I would ensure everything that needed to be done was getting done to defend the
nation from enemies foreign and domestic. All laws designed to catch and prosecute those who commit
crimes by violating other people’s rights (including property rights) are held to account and appropriately
punished.
Next I would begin dismantling the corporate/social welfare state programs that are worse than useless.
No one but bureaucrats benefit by consigning individuals to an effort-free wonderland of stigmatized
indigence. As someone once said: “You can’t help men permanently by doing for them what they can
and should do for themselves.”
And corporate welfare programs are so much plunder underwritten by corrupt politicians doing the
bidding of lobbyists and special interests - all at other people’s expense..
The Depts. of Commerce, Labor and Agriculture, for example, are nothing but clilentele agencies
promoting the respective interests they think they are there to serve.
The Dept. of Education certainly isn’t contributing to the education and welfare of America’s young. It
might be the first to be closed.
That, at least, would be a good start. The aim is to dramatically cut spending to allow for dramatic tax
cuts and so boosting the incentives to invent, innovate, invest, produce and exchange the private-sector
goods people want, need and demand. For the same reason, repealling costly regulations will also be a
priority, if it were up to me.

TCW
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 13

CONTEMPLATE (page 114)

Choose one country considered to be part of the global north and another country considered
to be part of the global south.

INFORMATION GLOBAL NORTH GLOBAL SOUTH

COUNTRY NORTH AMERICA MEXICO
POPULATION 596,591,172 130,120,000
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT $23,394.48B 2.343 trillion PPP dollars
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 61,453.13 USD 1.076 trillion USD
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX 0.926 0.779

What are your thoughts?

CONTEMPPLATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 115)

a. Think about this question; is the philippines a country in the global south? Why do you think so?

Conversely, most of Asia, Central America, South America, Mexico, Africa and the Middle East are in the
Global South. I brought this up because the Global South, which includes the Philippines, has traditionally
relied on an abundance of  inexpensive labor  to prop up their economies.

COMMUNICATE (page 117)

Interview an older person from your community. Ask the person to describe how your place
looks like across the years. Let them share how they subjectively experienced poverty and affluence
along with the changes in the community.

Collaborate (pge 118-119)

Form a smaller groups and fill out the following table countries in latin America.

COUNTRY CAPITAL POPULATION CURRENT GDP

PRESIDENT
BRAZIL Brasília 212.6 milyon Jair Bolsonaro
 MEXICO Mexico City 128.9 milyon Andrés Manuel
López Obrador
COLOMBIA Bogotá 50.88 milyon Iván Duque
Márquez
ARGENTINA Buenos Aires 45.38 milyon Alberto
Fernández
PERU Cusco 32.97 milyon Pedro Castillo
VENEZUELA Caracas 28.44 milyon Nicolás Maduro
CHILE Santiago 19.12 milyon Sebastián Piñera
GUATEMALA Antigua 16.86 milyon Alejandro
Giammattei
ECUADOR Quito 17.64 milyon Guillermo Lasso
CUBA Havana 11.33 milyon Miguel Díaz-Canel
BOLIVIA Sucre 11.67 milyon Luis Arce
HAITI Port-au-Prince 11.4 milyon Ariel Henry
DOMINICAN Santo Domingo 10.85 milyon Luis Abinader
REPUBLIC
HONDURAS Tegucigalpa 9.905 milyon Juan Orlando
Hernández
PARAGUAY Asuncion 7.133 milyon Mario Abdo
Benítez
EL SALVADOR San Salvador 6.486 milyon Nayib Bukele
NICARAGUA Managua 6.625 milyon Daniel Ortega
COSTA RICA San José 5.094 milyon Carlos Alvarado
Quesada
PANAMA Panama City 4.315 milyon Laurentino
Cortizo
PUERTO RICO San Juan 3.194 milyon Joe Biden
URUGUAY Montevideo 3.474 milyon Luis Lacalle Pou
GUADELOUPE Basse-Terre 400,201 Josette Borel-
Lincertin
MARTINIQUE Fort-de-France 375,053 Jaques Chirac
FRENCH GUIANA Cayenne 294,071 Gabriel Serville.
SAINT MARTIN Marigot 39,239 HEYNDERICKX
SAINT Gustavia 9,877 Bruno Magras
BARTHELEMY
MARTINIQUE Fort-de-France 4,177 Claude Lise.
CONTEMPLATE AND CREATE (page 120)
Go online and look for recent articles about the economic conditions of a particular latin
American country of your choice. Explore the geographic sociocultural, political and economic factors at
play in that particular country’s economic condition.

Reflect: how similar or different ore the conditions in that country with the conditions of the Philippines
nowadays?

ASSESMENT (page 120)

1. If you were among the upper echelons of the government, what propositions will you offer
to address the disparity between the economically poor and the economically rich.

After a financial crisis, a deep recession, and a stalled recovery, it should be no surprise that poverty in
America is on the rise. This fall, the Census Bureau reported that a record 46 million Americans — 15% of
the population — were living below the poverty line. This is a troubling figure, and it should certainly
move us to act to help the poor as we strive to grow the economy.

But efforts to address poverty in America are frequently derailed by misguided ideology — in particular,
by the notion that poverty is best understood through the lens of inequality. Far too often, policymakers
succumb to the argument that a widening gap between the richest and poorest Americans is the
fundamental problem to be solved and that poverty is merely a symptom of that deeper flaw.

2. Argue: is poverty a form of oppression? Explain your answer.

Poverty can be the result of oppression, but it is not a form of oppression. One must separate
the two ideas logically and linguistically to form a proper idea of what is and is not poverty or
oppression.
Many in, for example, China, are oppressed in principle who are not at all in poverty. One can
look at Afghanistan for another example where people out in the hinterlands are not necessarily
oppressed on account of government action, but are nevertheless in poverty.

Name:
BSBA FM1-G2
TCW
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 14

COLLABORATE AND CREATE (page 124)

Form a smaller group. Collect old magazine and newspapers. Cut out pictures which shows what
for you is asia. Make a collage in the space below.

Reflect: using hettne’s arguments and the outcomes of your collage-making, discuss why do you think
asia can be considered as a unique region? Write your answers in the space provided:

Asia's  vast area allows for varied and extreme climates. It has some of the coldest, hottest, wettest,
and driest places on Earth. While many distinct climates exist across the continent, Asia's climate can be
most generally divided into three zones: north/central, southwest, and southeast.

CONTEMPLATE AND CREATE (page 128)

Research about the Asian financial cris in 1997/1998. Explore what caused the crisis and how it
happened. Using a mind map, preset the outcomes of your research in a graphical way. Mount your
mind map in the space provided.

The 1997–98 Asian financial crisis began in Thailand and then quickly spread to neighbouring economies. It
began as a currency crisis when Bangkok unpegged the Thai baht from the U.S. dollar, setting off a series of
currency devaluations and massive flights of capital. In the first six months, the value of the Indonesian
rupiah was down by 80 percent, the Thai baht by more than 50 percent, the South Korean won by nearly 50
percent, and the Malaysian ringgit by 45 percent. Collectively, the economies most affected saw a drop in
capital inflows of more than $100 billion in the first year of the crisis. Significant in terms of both its
magnitude and its scope, the Asian financial crisis became a global crisis when it spread to the Russian and
Brazilian economies.

Based on your readings, what are the lessons learned from the Asian financial crisis?
Perhaps the key lesson from the Asian crisis is that weaknesses in the banking and financial sector can
feed into a balance of payments crisis and intensify disruptions in the wider economy. Asian banking
systems, it is now realized, had several sources of vulnerability. Governance structures were weak.

COLLABORATE AND CREATE (page 130)

Form groups. Research about the following regional cooperations in asia. Full out the table:

COOPERATIONS MEMBERS HISTORY GOALS

APEC (asia pacific
economic cooperation)
EAS (east Asian
summit)
APc (Asian pacific
community)
EAC ( east Asian
community )

Write your realization from the research you conducted? What are the communalities in these
cooperations?

ASSESMENT (page 130)

1. Write a poem consolidating all the concepts you learned in this lesson. For example, you
may write about the concept of regionalism and weather you are for or against it.

Regionalism  is a performative discourse. It seeks to achieve legitimacy for definitions of boundaries and
to obtain approval for this definition in cultural and political, and popular and official understandings.
Thus regionalism is concerned with giving meaning to bounded material and symbolic worlds in an effort
to create intersubjective meanings. Regionalism concerns process and story, more than artifact. It is
concerned with emphasizing the moral particularity of a population bounded by territory and with
valorizing regional culture as a mean to create regional identity. Regionalism is frequently linked to
“topophilia,” that is, to the existence of affective bonds between a people and place or setting.
Regionalism as a cultural phenomenon is frequently expressed in art, literature, music, and poetry. The
post-bellum American south has produced a vast literature which reflects and produces cultural life there
most obviously in the works of Mark Twain, Tennessee Williams, Flannery O'Connor, and William
Faulkner. Women disproportionately contributed to regionalist literature in the United States in the 19th
Century as evidenced by the work of Sarah Orne Jewett, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, Alice Cary, Sui Sin Far,
Zitkala-Sa, Grace King, and Mary Austin. In contemporary regionalist novels such as those of the
Kentucky writer Wendell Berry, the place—in this case the fictional Port William—becomes a character.

2. Research about south Asian association for regional cooperation (SAAARC). Write an essay
explaining what it is and how essential it is for countries in south asia.

Cooperation in SAARC is based on respect for the five principles of sovereign equality, territorial integrity,
political independence, non-interference in internal affairs of the Member States and mutual benefit.
Regional cooperation is seen as a complement to the bilateral and multilateral relations of SAARC
Member States. SAARC Summits are held annually and the country hosting the Summit holds the Chair of
the Association. Decisions are made on an unanimity basis while bilateral and contentious issues are
excluded from the deliberations of SAARC. In addition to the eight Member States, nine Observer States
join SAARC Summits: China, the US, Myanmar, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Mauritius and the
European Union.
Name:
BSBA FM1-G2
TCW
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 15

CONTEMPLATE (page 133)

Look for digital or printed articles or books discussing the history of MAPHILINDO. Explore
further what were the goals of its establishments, what were the agreements in that confederation, and
why it ended too soon. Write your notes in the space below.

The original plan for a united state based on the concept of the Malay race was attempted by Wenceslao
Vinzons during the Philippines' Commonwealth era. Vinzons had envisioned a united Malay race, which
he termed "Malaya Irredenta" (later another name for the union). In his 1959 book Someday, Malaysia,
Major Abdul Latif Martelino (later operations officer in the infamous Jabidah massacre) also cited the
vision of President Manuel L. Quezon for an integrated, pan-Malayan nationhood in the region. Quezon
envisioned creating a better state which was united. Having a united race at the time would pave way
for the development of the Malay. The unitedstate would however, be achieved by the contribution of
the people living in the region. Quezon was determined to make his intentions known to the people so
that the vision could be easily achieved in the future.

Write what were realizations as you were doing your research.

COLABORATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 134)

Form smaller groups and fill out the following table about countries in the ASEAN.

COUNTRY CAPITAL POPULATION CURRENT SECRETARY INTERESTING

PRESIDENT OR FACTS
MINISTER
OR FOREIGN
AFFAIRS
INDONESIA Jakarta 273.5 million Joko Widodo Antony J. Indonesia is
Blinken home to over
100
endangered
animals
PHILIPPINES MANILA 109.6 million  Rodrigo Salvador There are
Duterte Medialdea 175+
languages in
the country.
MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur 32.37 million Ismail Sabri Edward The country
Yaakob Lewis declared
Brockman. independence
from the
British Empire
in 1957.
SINGAPORE Singapore 5.686 million Halimah Vivian It's one of the
Yacob Balakrishnan world's
greenest
cities.
THAILAND Bangkok 69.8 million Prayut Chan-o- Don Siamese cats
cha Pramudwinai are native to
Thailand.

Write your thoughts about the data you gathered?

COLABORATE AND CREATE (page 135-136)

Form smaller groups. Pick one of the founding fathers of ASEAN. Conduct an intensive research
on their biographies their education, their roles in their countries of origin, etc. produce a vlog about the
foreign minister emphasizing their contributions in their own country’s affairs and in the SEA.

On 8 August 1967, five leaders – the Foreign Ministers of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore
and Thailand – sat down together in the main hall of the Department of Foreign Affairs building in
Bangkok, Thailand and signed a document. By virtue of that document, the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEAN) was born. The five Foreign Ministers who signed it – Adam Malik of Indonesia,
Narciso R. Ramos of the Philippines, Tun Abdul Razak of Malaysia, S. Rajaratnam of Singapore, and
Thanat Khoman of Thailand – would subsequently be hailed as the Founding Fathers of probably the
most successful inter-governmental organization in the developing world today. And the document that
they signed would be known as the ASEAN Declaration.

Write your plans and concepts notes for the vlog in the space provide.

CONTEMPLATE (page 137)

Visit the ASEAN website or other sources. Look for the seven goals of the ASEAN as stipulated in
the Bangkok declaration. List the goals in the following space.

1. ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS

2. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
3. ASEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY
4. ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY
5. ASEAN SOCIO-CULTURAL COMMUNITY
6. EXTERNAL RELATIONS
7. STRUCTURES AND MECHANISMS

Choose a goal which you think is the most impotant. Write a brief essay explaining why you
think is essential. Articulate how you think this particular goal affect you as a filipino youth and as a
citzen of this country. Write your essay in the space provided:

CREATE (page 139)

Using oil pastel or crayons, draw a poster on the ASEAN motto: “one vision, one identity and
one caring and sharing community”. Use the space bellow.

COLLABORATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 140)

Form smaller groups and fill out the following table about the three cooperating countries in the
ASEAN +3.

COUNTRY CAPITAL POPULATION CURRENT SECRETARY INTERESTING

PRESIDENT OR MINISTER FACTS
OR FOREIGN
AFFAIRS
CHINA Beijing 1.402 billion Xi Jinping Wang Yi Chinese is the
most popular
language
worldwide
JAPAN Tokyo 125.8 million Shinzo Abe Yoshimasa Anti-ninja
Hayashi floors are a
thing
SOUTH KOREA Seoul 51.78 million Moon Jae-in Chung Eui- Koreans are
yong one year older
when born

What are your thoughts gathered?

 Do you feel the influence of these three countries in your life as a filipino youth and as a citizen
of this country? What can you say about their influences? Write your essay In the space provide.

It depends if the influencer was good or in a bad thing

I will feel happy if I have been influenced by a good person
I will feel sad if I have been influenced by a bad person

COLLABORATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 142)

Find a copy of the ASEAN economic blueprint. (note: you can access at the official ASEAN
website). Create a mind map showing the topic outline of the blueprint. Use images, symbols and signs.

CREATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 142-143)

Choose one of the characteristics of the ASEAN socio-cultural community. Read on the details of
this components. Write a poem or a song summarizing what this components means. (note: you can find
a copy of the blueprint in the official ASEAN website). Write your poem or song in the space provided:

ASSESMENT (page 143)

1. Create a zine to synthesize everything you have learned about ASEAN and the ASEAN
integration.
The ASEAN Economic Community aims to minimize or negate taxes incurred between
countries, which will allow the prices of goods to go down.

“Goods produced domestically may not be the cheapest option for the value you want,” Ronald
Mendoza, Dean of the Ateneo School of Government, told Rappler on Tuesday, April 25.

2. Write an opinion essay: do you believe that ASEAN integration will lead us to the kind of
desirable future we envision? Why or why not?

ASEAN will also allow you to access products or food or goods not previously available in the country.

As an example, Mendoza narrates that as a little boy, apples were expensive and considered a treat,
because they were imported all the way from the United States. Today, “apples in grocery stores are
cheaper than our own mangoes,” he said, thank to less trade barriers, making the price go down.

Name:
BSBA FM1-G2
TCW
CHAPTER 5 LESSON 16

CONTEMPLATE AND CREATE (page 148-149)

Go around your house and look for objects which you think are representative of your family;
and community’s culture. Take photos of these objects, print it, and paste in the space below otherwise,
draw these objects in the space.

Explain how each object is representative of your culture.

CONTEMPLATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 151)

Based on the discussion of cultural hybridization, cite examples on how cultures from outside
the Philippines interpenetrate with our own inherent culture. Discuss with you’re your seatmate your
views about this issue.

Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group of people to
another. Through cultural diffusion, horizons are broadened and people become more culturally rich.

Do you think hybridization is a good thing? How and how not?

CONTEMPLATE (page 152-153)

Look for articles in both scientific and popular journals relating to media and globalization. In
the space provided, discuss how media facilitated progress in each of the spheres of globalization based
on these articles. Remember to properly cite your sources n the APA format.

SPHERES OF INTERSECTIONALITY WITH MEDIA

GLOBALIZATION
ECONOMIC Intersectionality is a tool for analysis, advocacy and policy development that
addresses multiple discriminations. It increases understanding of the ways in
which gender intersects with other identities and how these intersections
contribute to unique experiences of oppression and privilege.
POLITICAL Intersectionality allows feminist theorists to maintain their differences and
uncover similarities, and provides a way in which feminist theorists can
cooperate in order to implement political change. This essay has argued that
intersectionality has made a significant contribution to feminist scholarship
CULTURAL Intersectionality is a concept often used in critical theories to describe the ways
in which oppressive institutions (racism, sexism, homophobia, transphobia,
ableism, xenophobia, classism, etc.) are interconnected and cannot be examined
separately from one another
 What are your realizations from the information you gathered?

I've learned that researching topics can provide motivation. It allows me to pursue my interests, to learn
something new, to help my problem-solving skills and to challenge myself in new ways. ... Learn valuable
life skills for life and class such as professionalism, time management, learning how to use online
research tools.

COLLABORATE (page 154-155)

Conduct a brief survey among our classmates and teachers regarding consumption of social
network technologies. Use the table below to organize your data. Remember to seek for informed
consent from your participants.

PARTICIPANTS SOCIAL AVERAGE NO. PURPOSE FOR PERCIEVED DO YOU

NETWORK OF HOURS USING THESE EFFECTS IN CONSENT TO
PLATFORMS SPENT ONLINE PLATFORMS USING THESE PARTICIPATE IN
USED (IN IN THESE PLATFORMS THIS SURVEY?
ORDER OR PLATFORMS ( A SIGNATURE
PREFERENCE INDICATES
CONSENT)
 What are your conclusions and realizations from the data you gathered.

CONTEMPLATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 157)

What are the televisions shows or series you watch? Reflect on what are your personal reasons
for watching this shows? What deeper needs are satisfied when you watch these shows? What
information do you gain and what messages about life do you receive? Do you think these messages are
helpful to you as a growing person? Are these shows something that you will recommend to others, or if
you will have children, will you let your children watch these shows? Explain your answer. Write your
reflection in the space provided.

CONTEMPLATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 158-159)

The availability of entertainment media, accessible through television, the cinema, and the
internet, has become more prevalent. In recent years, marvel and DC have become more prolific in
producing superhero movies, repackaging content which in the past have only been accessible through
print media or low tech animations.

Superhero Popularity in Past and Present America

The industry of superhero films has ballooned over the past ten years or so, expanding into massive
franchises under the leadership of longtime comic book producers Marvel and D.C. Comics and drawing
larger audiences than ever. I researched the history of superhero popularity in America in order to better
understand why the industry is experiencing such unprecedented success in our current moment.
Specifically, I interrogated the reasons for increased popularity of superheroes during World War II, the
early years of the Cold War, and the Civil Rights Era of the 1960s and ‘70s. I analyzed these historical
periods of superhero popularity, as well as the theories of scholars such as Marc Di Paolo, Laurence
Maslon, and Andreas Rauscher, who attempt to explain this popularity. From this research, I will argue
that the 2000s and 2010s have provided fertile ground for the expansion of the superhero industry due
to a combination of social, political, technological, and marketing factors. While individual context for
each superhero’s story continues to compel audiences in the same way that social and political factors
have always boosted superheroes’ success, modern influences of CGI technology and increased
franchising efforts have allowed superheroes to appeal to broader audiences within the United States
and worldwide.

Watch two or three of these marvel or DC movies. Focus intently on the symbols and messages
(beliefs, values, norms) conveyed by the movie. Research about how the movie was produced. Write
your notes in the space provided:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Using the questions posed on the issue on media culture, write down an essay sharing your thoughts
about the movie. Write the essay in the space provided.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

ASSESMENT (page 160)

1. Create a scrapbook to synthesize everything you have learned about media culture.
 2. Write an essay: with fast-paced interconnectedness of the world through social network
platforms, what is the image of the youth do you envision 10 to 15 years from now? Are
you happy with this image? Why or why not?

Social media is turning young people into automatons who aren’t taught to think for themselves but
mindlessly follow the group think as determined by the globalists. This is not good for the future of
humanity. When the active pursuit of truth is frowned upon reason is abandoned and knowledge is
canned with the result that the transcendentals - being, truth, goodness, and beauty - are ignored or
forgotten to the detriment of human happiness and freedom.

CHAPTER 5 LESSON 17

CONTEMPLATE AND CREATE (page 163-164)

Using pew research center’s (2012) classification of religions based on the self-identification of
their research, conduct a mini study to understand the essential facts about each religious affliation.
Explore as well if there exists a church or congregation of the aforementioned religions in your
immediate community.

RELIGIOUS IMPORTANT FACTS ARE THEY PRESENT IN STATISTICAL DATA

AFFILIATION YOUR (LOOK FOR AVAILABLE
COUNTRU/COMMUNITY SOURCES OF DATA)
? (ADD SOME REMARKS)
CHRISTIANS Christianity is a yes There are more than
religion based upon 900 million Protestants
Jesus of Nazareth's worldwide,
life and his teachings. among approximately
It is the largest 2.4 billion Christians.
religion in the world In 2010, a total of
today with more than more than 800 million
included 300 million in
2.2 billion followers.
Sub-Saharan Africa,
Jesus was born in
260 million in the
approximately 7 BC Americas, 140 million
and it is believed he in Asia-Pacific region,
began teaching in 100 million in Europe
Galilee after his 30th and 2 million in Middle
year. East-North Africa
MUSLIMS The Five Pillars of yes Adherents of Islam
Islam are believed to constitute the world's
be the most second largest
important aspects of religious group.
the religion that all According to a study in
Muslims strive to 2020, Islam has 1.9
follow. They are billion adherents,
making up about
shahada (the belief in
24.7% of the world
Islam), salat (the five
 daily prayers), zakat population.
(giving to charity),
sawm (fasting), and
hajj (pilgrimage to
Mecca at least once in
a lifetime)
HINDUISM Prominent themes in yes Hinduism
Hindu beliefs include has approximately
the four Puruṣārthas, 1.35 billion
the proper goals or adherents
aims of human life; worldwide (15-16% of
namely, dharma the world's
(ethics/duties), artha population). ... Along
with Christianity
(prosperity/work),
(31.5%) and Islam
kama
(23.3%), Hinduism is
(desires/passions) and one of the five major
moksha religions of the world
(liberation/freedom by percentage of the
from the passions and population. Hinduism
the cycle of death and is the third largest
rebirth), as well as religion in the world
karma (action, intent behind Christianity
and consequences and Islam.
BUDDHISTS With 360 million yes Hinduism
followers, Buddhism is has approximately
the fourth largest 1.35 billion
religion in the world. adherents
In Buddhism, there is worldwide (15-16% of
no single holy book. the world's
Extensive scriptures population). ... Along
with Christianity
have been preserved
(31.5%) and Islam
in many Asian
(23.3%), Hinduism is
languages. Buddhists one of the five major
don't believe in a religions of the world
supreme being or by percentage of the
creator god. population. Hinduism
is the third largest
religion in the world
behind Christianity
and Islam.
FOLK RELIGIONISTS yes An estimated 405
(INDEGENOUS million people – or
RELIGIONS) about 6% of the
world’s total
population – are
adherents of folk or
traditional religions.
These are faiths that
are closely associated
with a particular
group of people,
ethnicity or tribe. They
often have no formal
creeds or sacred texts.
Examples of folk
religions include
African traditional
religions, Chinese folk
religions, Native
American religions
and Australian
aboriginal religions.
UNAFILLATED YES an estimated 16% of
(ATHEISTS, the global population
AGONISTICS, AND in 2020, are religiously
 PEOPLE WHO DO unaffiliated, meaning
NOT WANT TO they identify as
AFFLIATE WITH ANY) atheists, agnostics or
describe their religion
as “nothing in
particular.” In many
countries, being
religiously unaffiliated
is linked to certain
social and political
views.

What are your conclusions and realizations from the from data you gathered?

CREATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 164-165)

Walk around your school. Look for symbols or texts that would capture your definition. Take a
photo of the image. Print and mount it in the space provided. Otherwise, illustrate what you see.
yes
 Explain what you think religion means. Share why you think most people value religion and why
other seems to not.

CONTEMPLATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 167)

What is your religious affiliation? How do you end up being affliateed in the particular religion
you have? What are the things you desire about your religious affiliations? Basing from the ealier
discussion in this lesson so far, what are your personal reasons for having such an affiliations?

Nominally, Religious Affiliation is defined as the religious or spiritual beliefs and practices to
which a person adheres or the religious group to which a person belongs.

CONTEMPLATE (page 168)

Approach your teachers form different disciplines-social sciences, natural sciences,
mathematics, physical sciences, etc. Ask them how compatible or incompatible is religion with their field
of expertise. Encourage them to explain in detail why they think so. Note: Remember to seek for
informed consent from your interviewees. If you are affiliated to a religion, there might be some
principles which your interviewer will share that are not aligned with yours. Keep an open mind and
heart as you conduct the interview, and maintain mutual respect at all times Write your notes in the
space provided.

I am convinced that evolution and religious beliefs need not be in contradiction. Indeed, if
science and religion are properly understood, they cannot be in contradiction because they concern
different matters. Science and religion are like two different windows for looking at the world. The two
windows look at the same world, but they show different aspects of that world. Science concerns the
processes that account for the natural world: how planets move, the composition of matter and the
atmosphere, the origin and adaptations of organisms. Religion concerns the meaning and purpose of the
world and of human life, the proper relation of people to the Creator and to each other, the moral values
that inspire and govern people’s lives. Apparent contradictions only emerge when either the science or
the beliefs, or often both, trespass their own boundaries and wrongfully encroach upon one another’s
subject matter.

COLLABORATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 169-170)

Form a group. Interview selected religious and spiritual leaders in your community (a priest, a
pastor, an imam, or a spiritual leader of an indigenous group). Ask them to briefly explain the
foundations of their religion. Further, inquire what they think is the role that religion plays in modern
society. Note: Remember to seek for informed consent from your interviewees. If you are affiliated to a
religion, there might be some principles which your interviewer will share that are not aligned with
yours. Keep an open mind and heart as you conduct the interview, and maintain mutual respect at all
times. Write your interview notes in the space below.

Buddhism was the largest religion in the world before the First World War; however, especially
following the shift in the political system of China and its neighbouring countries, it became the fourth
largest religion after Christianity, Hinduism and Islam. It counts around 520 million followers worldwide.

The word “Buddhism” comes from the word “Buddha”, which in turn comes from the words
“buddhi” and “bodhi”. In the ancient Indian language Pāli and Sanskrit, this word literally means
“intellect”, “intelligence”, “wisdom” or “supreme knowledge”. However, it mostly refers to the
intelligence and supreme knowledge that a Buddha possesses due to the understanding of the  Four
Noble Truths.

CONTEMPLATE (page 170)

Listen to BBC world services heart and soul podcast, ‘Baha’i-The Worlds Faith”. You can access
the file through this URL : https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmers/p04nqhc0. As you listen, write down
interesting facts you learn from the podcast in the space provided.
Hey everybody! It’s Jill from PodcastMind, and I dig through as many podcasts as I
can to bring you the best of the best. My goal is to help you find great listens that you
otherwise would have scrolled past and missed out on.

That brings me to today’s topic that I selfishly chose, because I personally love learning
new things. Especially if what I’m learning includes fun facts that I can share with
literally anyone who’ll give me the time of day.

Not only is having a brain stockpiled with fun facts great as an icebreaker for
introducing yourself to new people, but you’ll always have something to add to those
awkward silences!

CONTEMPLATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 172)

Watch the film “The Rise of ISIS” released on October 28, 2014 by PBS Frontline. You can access
the film through this URL: https://www.pbs.org.wgbh/frontline/film/rise-of-isis/. There is also an
available transcript on this link: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/rise-of-isis/transcript/. Based
on the film, can you see anu link between the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria and religious
fundamentalism? Note: This is an analytic exercise. Various scholars have opinions on the matter, and
some Muslim scholars articulate that ISIS does not truly uphold the true essence of Islam. What this
activity aims to do is to engage you in to reflection about what you think about that matter. Write your
notes in the space provided.

CONTEMPLATE AND COMMUNICATE (page 174)

Reflect upon your own experience of religion and/or your observations about a particular
religion present in your society. Using roudometof’s classification, identify practices that are
manifestation of each of the forms. Explain your examples. Use the table below to write your answers.

FORM EXAMPLES EXPLANATION

VERNACULARIZATION Perhaps the most prominent The act or process of
example of such making vernacular
vernacularization comes
from Islam, whereby Arabic
serves as the religion's
sacred language—even in
cultural contexts outside the
Arab world.
INDIGENIZATION  Christianization was a form Indigenization is the act of
of indigenization by making something more
converting areas and groups native; transformation of
to follow Christianity. some service, idea, etc. to
suit a local culture, especially
through the use of more
indigenous people in public
administration, employment,
etc.
NATIONALIZATION Some nationalizations take Nationalization is the
place when a government process of taking privately-
seizes property acquired controlled companies,
illegally. For example, in industries, or assets and
1945 the French government putting them under the
seized the car-maker Renault control of the government.
because its owners had Nationalization often happens
collaborated with the 1940– in developing countries and
1944 Nazi occupiers of can reflect a nation's desire
France to control assets or to assert
its dominance over foreign-
owned industries.
TRANSNATIONALIZATION Activities of political
transnationalism can range
from immigrants remaining
 active in the politics of their
native country, including
voting, to actually running for
office. A modern example is
the growing number of
native-born American
citizens who choose to live
in Mexico for family,
business, or economic
reasons.

Write insights did you gain from this exercise?

ASSESMENT (page 175)

1. Using mixed media (music, visua arts, movements? Produce a collage of artwork
summarizing what you learned from this lesson.
2. Write an essay: in the age of globalization, does religion matter and how?

As a contested term, globalization has many definitions, each worthy of merit. Generally, globalization is
first thought of “in economic and political terms, as a movement of capitalism spreading across the
globe.”[1] It calls to mind “homogenizing exports of the US” such as Nike, McDonald’s, and MTV.[2]
However, since globalization can be defined as a process of an “ever more interdependent world”[3]
where “political, economic, social, and cultural relationships are not restricted to territorial boundaries
or to state actors,” globalization has much do with its impact on cultures.[4]

As goods and finance crisscross across the globe, globalization shifts the cultural makeup of the globe
and creates a homogenized “global culture.”[5] Although not a new phenomenon, the process of
globalization has truly made the world a smaller place in which political, social, and economic events
elsewhere affect individuals anywhere.[6] As a result, individuals “search for constant time and space-
bounded identities” in a world ever changing by the day.[7] One such identity is religion.

TCW
CHAPTER 5 LESSON 18

CONTEMPLATE (page 179-180)

Look around youo. Pick three of the recent technologies you have access to and which you
frequently us. Reflect on the affordances, oppurtunities and advantages of possessing such technology.
Conversely, reflect upon the risks or disadvantages.

TECHNOLOGY AFFORDANCES RISKS

Cell phones An affordance in general Scientists have reported
terms is a quality of an adverse health effects of
object or an environment using mobile phones
that allows an individual to including changes in brain
perform a specific action or activity, reaction times, and
ability sleep patterns. ... Children
have the potential to be at
greater risk than adults for
developing brain cancer from
cell phones.
Computer Donald Norman appropriated A computer risk is anything
the term affordances in the that can harm a users
context of Human–Computer information on a computer.
Interaction to refer to just This information can varry, in
those action possibilities value, from computer to
that are readily perceivable computer. A hacker can steal
by an actor. information with a variety of
methods such as, exploiting
the operating sytem (2), and
coding viruses or worms 
radio Following our first class I have Radio is sound
been thinking about the communication by radio
affordances of radio. In Writing waves, usually through the
 Media Texts and Editing Media transmission of music, news,
Texts we spent a lot of time and other types of programs
building soundscapes. I feel that from single broadcast
sound is a very powerful sense – stations to multitudes of
in the same way that a smell individual listeners equipped
can take you back to an exact with radio receivers.
time and location, a sound can
do that too. There are times
when I hear a song that reminds
me of an exact time in my life

What insights did you gain from this exercise?

COMMUNICATE (Page 181)

Find a partner. Discuss an instance in your life when you were exposed to a new technology.
Share your experience. What wa your response? What did you feel/think? How did you cope? What did
you do? Write the output of your conversation in the space below.

A number of these experts wrote about both sides of the story, taking the time to point out some of the
ways in which digital life is a blessing and a curse. A selection of these mixed-response anecdotes
follows.

CREATE (page182)
Inteview your parents or grandparents. Ask them to tell you how life was before computer
technologies prevailed in the modern society. Let them tell a story on how they spend their day, what
leisure activities they do, and how they do things without digital technologies.
Write your answer in the space provided.

Once the initial shock of the situation wore off, you’d start getting ready for work. Unfortunately, you
wouldn’t be able to turn on the lights, shower or brush your teeth. Why? Power, gas and water are
public utilities run by massive computer systems.
Then you would get dressed and go outside to your car. Unless the car was manufactured over three
decades ago, it wouldn’t start. Most everything in a car today is operated by a controller area network
(basically an onboard computer). Public transportation would be a no-go for the same reason. Even if
your car did start, traffic would be a nightmare with all the traffic lights out. You’d finally decide to walk
to work.

Reflect: would you be able to survive a world without these new technologies available to you?

CONTEMPLATE AND CREATE (page 188)

Look for the meaning of the following terms/abbreviations which are used in environmental
discourse. Share with your classmates what you found. Note: remember to cite your sources
accordingly.

TERM WHAT IS IT?

COP (E.G,COP017) Seventeenth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 17),
November 2011
The COP 17 took place from 28 November to 9 December 2011 in
Durban, South Africa.

REDD UN-REDD is the flagship UN knowledge and advisory partnership on

forests and climate to reduce forest emissions and enhance forest
carbon stocks. It is the largest international provider of REDD+
assistance, supporting its 65 partner countries to protect their forests
and achieve their climate and sustainable development goals.

REDD+ 1. put something in order; tidy.

"you take this baby while I redd the room up"

CANCUN AGREEMENTS In order to scale up the provision of long-term financing for developing
 countries, Governments at COP 16 in Cancun decided to establish
a Green Climate Fund. The fund will support projects, programmes,
policies and other activities in developing country Parties using
thematic funding windows. A Transitional Committee selected by
Parties to the UNFCCC will design the details of the new fund, which will
be designated as an operating entity of the financial mechanism of the
Convention and will be accountable to the COP.    
UN AGENDA 21  is a policy simulation tool designed to help policy makers and other
stakeholders make sense of the complex web of interconnections
between the SDGs.
Unlike databases and indexes that provide a measure of where a
country stands, iSDG focuses on the dynamic interactions within the
SDG system to reveal the best paths and progression towards achieving
the SDGs.

RIO+20 the short name for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable

Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 2012 - was an
historic opportunity to define pathways to a safer, more equitable,
cleaner, greener and more prosperous world for all.

EARTH SUMMIT+5/RIO+5 In 1992, more than 100 heads of state met in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for
the first international Earth Summit convened to address urgent
problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development.
The assembled leaders signed the Convention on Climate Change and
the Convention on Biological Diversity, endorsed the Rio
Declaration and the Forest Principles, and adopted Agenda 21, a 300
page plan for achieving sustainable development in the 21st century.
KYOTO PROTOCOL The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, an international environmental
treaty with the goal of “stabilisation of greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would
prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate
system.
NAGOYA PROTOCOL The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and
Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the
Convention on Biological Diversity is an international agreement which
aims at sharing the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic
resources in a fair and equitable way. It entered into force on 12
October 2014, 90 days after the date of deposit of the fiftieth
instrument of ratification.

COLLABORATE AND COMMUNICATE (Page 190-191)

After discussing recent technological developments in various industry and sectors, form groups
with your classmates amd reflect collectively what are the issues which might arise as innovations in
existing technologies developed. Further, going back to our discussion on the various manifestations,
processes, and issues on globalization, what issues should be looked into?

AREA IMPORTANT ISSUES TO LOOK REMARKS

INTO
ICT The main problems are high enjoys working with ICT
cost of getting, installing,
operating, maintaining, and
replacing ICT systems, use
of unlicensed software,
outdated hardware and
software systems, lack of
technical support for
maintenance of systems
(Balasubramanian et al.,
2009).
TRANSPORTATION The transportation sector
also faces other
unprecedented challenges. It
 needs to (1) sharply curb
greenhouse gas emissions
to slow the rate of climate
change and (2) respond to
more climate-related extreme
weather. It must serve a
growing population and cope
with worsening highway
congestion.
ARCHITECTURE AND
ENGINEERING
COMMERCE
SPACE SCIENCE
BIOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY

Reflect: in 20-25 years, what kind of technologies do you think the world will have?

Name:
BSBA FM1-G2
TCW
CHAPTER 5 LESSON 19

CONTEMPLATE (page 195-196)

Using jensen’s levels of analysis, reflect on your own lifestyle-e.g what you eat, what you do,
what you consume. Trace the influence across levels of influence. Describe manifestations on
interaction amon and across levels. Write your reflections in the table.

LEVEL CHARACTERISTICS INSIGHTS

GLOBAL Global Characteristics. start their employment with
Global surface characteristics you. Make them feel cared
are associated with entire for with an employment
surfaces, and are contrasted contract that meets local
with local characteristics, standards, and valued with a
which are associated with local benefits package that's
points. both attractive and relevant
for where they live.
NATIONAL  refers to shared beliefs or The industry pages offer
perceptions of personality high-level information and
characteristics common to
data by industry sector.
members of a particular nation
held by the members of the
nation or by any other group of
people.
COMMUNITY A group of people: a group of people living in the
ADVERTISEMENTS:  same place or having a
particular characteristic in
common.
SELF Honest. This is one of the
most vital traits hiring
managers look for. ...
Accountable. ...
Diligent and organized. 

What can you conclude from your reflection?

CONTEMPLATE (Page 197)
Using veal’s 1993 aspects of analyzing lifestyle, reflect on your own and your family’s lifestyle,
what you eat, what you do,what you consume. Describe each aspect using the table below.

ASPECTS OBSERVATION/DESCRIPTIONS INSIGHTS

ACTIVITIES OR BEHAVIORS We live in an age of visual Consider Adopting Insights To
literacy. Simple observation Behavior Into Your
activities can develop our ability Organization.
to navigate our way through Track, manage and modify K12
this visual lifestyle. Ideas and student behaviors better than
opinions are sold by images or ever! Request a demo and we’ll
eye catching memes. Improving reach out to schedule a
our observation skills is the first personalized online demo with
step to being a savvy visual pricing that meets your needs.
consumer. The Smart Happy
Project has always been about
increasing our ability to observe
and to open our eyes to what is
around us. I discuss more about
the ability to observe and
why we need it on this page.
Below are 5 techniques  that
help with encouraging
observation.
ATTITUDES AND VALUES Attitudes are people’s likes and
dislikes toward anything and
anyone that can be evaluated.
This can be something as
concrete as a mosquito that is
tormenting you during the night
or as abstract and broad as
capitalism or communism. In
contrast, human values have
been defined as abstract ideals
and guiding principles in one’s
life and are considered as
abstract as well as trans-
situational. 
INDIVIDUAL FACTORS AND Attitudes are people’s likes and
PROCESS INFLUENCING YOUR dislikes toward anything and
LIFE STYLE anyone that can be evaluated.
This can be something as
concrete as a mosquito that is
tormenting you during the night
or as abstract and broad as
capitalism or communism. In
contrast, human values have
been defined as abstract ideals
and guiding principles in one’s
life and are considered as
abstract as well as trans-
situational. Thus, while both
attitudes and values are
important constructs in
psychology that are necessarily
related, there are also a range of
differences between the two.
GROUP PROCESSES Group process refers to how an
INFLUENCING YOUR LIFESTYLE organization’s members work
together to get things done.
Typically, organizations spend a
great deal of time and energy
setting and striving to reach
 goals but give little
consideration to what is
happening between and to the
group’s greatest resource – it’s
members. While working hard
to achieve results, it is critical
that members’ needs be
addressed. Membership in an
organization is as much an
opportunity to develop self-
confidence, refine skills and
make friends as it is to support
a cause, fundraise or educate
the campus community. All of
these can be done
simultaneously, but most likely
will not just happen on their
own.

COHERENCE (IS YOUR LIFE It is caused by the cohesive

STYLE ALIGNED WITH YOUR attractive force between like
PERSONAL GOALS? molecules. Cohesion is an
intrinsic property of a molecule,
determined by its shape,
structure, and electric charge
distribution. When cohesive
molecules approach each other,
the electrical attraction
between portions of each
molecule holds them together.
RECOGNIZABILITY (DO YOU Good friends are good for your
SHARE YOUR LIFESTYLE WITH health. Friends can help you
OTHER? WITH WHOM? IN THAT celebrate good times and
WAY?) provide support during bad
times. Friends prevent isolation
and loneliness and give you a
chance to offer needed
companionship, too. Friends
can also:
 Increase your sense of
belonging and purpose

CHOICE ( DO YOU CHOOSE Controlled Observations.

YOUR LIFESTYLE? WHAT Naturalistic Observations.
FACTORS AFFECT YOUR
Participant Observations.
CHOICES? )

What can you conclude from your refelction?

COLLABORATE AND CREATE (Page 198-199)
Form a group. Interview some people in your community, from varying age groups, and ask
them the food products they typically consume. Ask them where they think these food products come
from.

Write your data below:

AGE GROUP FOOD PRODUCT TYPICALLY SOURCE OF FOOD PRODUCT

CONSUMED (WITHIN THE COMMUNITY OR
OUTSIDE THE COMMUNITY)
60 YRS OLD ABOVE  People aged over 60 As you get older, it’s important
need more of certain you continue to eat well.
nutrients than younger Changes in your body result in
people. lower energy (calorie)
requirements. It is therefore
important to reduce portion
sizes if activity is low, and to
cut down on sugary snacks
such as cakes and buns.
40-59 YRS OLD The percentage of Calcium and Vitamin D
Older adults need more vitamin
adults who consumed D and calcium than younger
fast food decreased adults to help maintain strong
with age: 44.9% aged and healthy bones. Calcium-rich
foods include low-fat and fat-
20–39, 37.7% aged 40–
free dairy products, like milk
59, and 24.1% aged 60 and yogurt, as well as fortified
and over foods and beverages, such as
some cereals, non-dairy milks
and 100% fruit juices. Dark
green leafy vegetables and
canned fish with soft bones are
also sources of this important
nutrient.
30-29 YRS OLD  A healthy diet helps to  Plants and animals are the
protect against main source of food for all the
malnutrition in all its organisms on earth. Food
forms, as well as obtained from animals is the
noncommunicable main source of protein and
diseases (NCDs), include fish, milk, meat, poultry,
including such as and cheese.
diabetes, heart disease,
stroke and cancer.

18-29 YRS OLD It is not always as simple as Processed foods are generally
calories in versus calories out thought to be inferior to
when it comes to weight, but if unprocessed foods. They may
you consume more each day bring to mind a packaged food
than you use up, you will usually item containing many
put on weight. If you consume ingredients, perhaps even
fewer calories than you need artificial colors, flavors, or other
for energy, you will likely lose chemical additives. Often
weight. referred to as convenience or
pre-prepared foods, processed
foods are suggested to be a
contributor to the obesity
epidemic and rising prevalence
of chronic diseases like heart
disease and diabetes.
 Then schedule a transect walk in your community. Identify the different restaurants and/or fast
food chains available. Observed which these restaurants are being patronized by many people. Dig a
little deep on the nature of these providers. Are they local businesses? Are they international business?
If you have an opportunity, find information about these business.

NAME OF RESTAURANTS/FAST DESCRIBE (WHAT FOOD ARE OTHER REMARKS

FOOD RESERVED, WHO OWNS IT,
WHAT ARE THE TYPICAL
CLIENTS)
1. McDonald's. A clear benefit of making a table Food is life, life is food. If you
reservation for a client is the don't like my approach you are
security that they will welcome to go down to
experience when going out to a McDonalds. If you work just for
restaurant.; i.e., making a money, you'll never make it, but
reservation will guarantee the if you love what you're doing
client that he will receive his and you always put the
table at the time and place he customer first, success will be
has planned. yours.
Goosefoot One woman who frequently plural -foots. any of numerous,
flew on Southwest, was often weedy plants of the
constantly disappointed with genus Chenopodium, having
every aspect of the company’s inconspicuous greenish flowers.
operation. In fact, she became
known as the “Pen Pal” because
after every flight she wrote in
with a complaint.
Mr. & Mrs. Bun. The chef, Gian Carlo Accienlli, The hardest part for me
takes special care with the was how to size the recipe.
selection of the ingredients The original recipe was
used in each one of the dishes. written with 10 ½ pounds
All of our plates are prepared
of flour, and 3 pounds of
with love and dedication: the
milk?
result is an explosion of flavor in
the mouth satisfying all your
cravings even if you want to
stay healthy.

What can you conclude from your mini-research?

COLLABORATE (page 200)

Conduct a mini survey among your peers. Inquire on the online streaming applications they use,
the duration of their interaction with these streaming applications/sites. And the type of music they
listen to (genre,origin).
Indicate the data you gathered in the table below:
S ONLINE STREAMING DURATION OF USE TYPE OF MUSIC
APPLICATIONS USED ( WHAT IS THE GENRE,
WHAT IS COUNTRY OF
ORIGIN)

What can you conclude from the data you gathered?