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EACM Module 6

This document discusses computer aided energy management systems and cogeneration. It describes SCADA control of power systems, PMU control of wide area systems, microgrid energy management, and using artificial intelligence for grid management. It then focuses on cogeneration, defining it as the sequential generation of two different forms of useful energy from a single primary energy source. It discusses the need for cogeneration to improve efficiency over conventional power plants and describes different cogeneration systems like steam turbine, gas turbine, and reciprocating engine systems. It also covers classification of cogeneration systems and factors that influence cogeneration choice.

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Zubin Jb
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65 views42 pages

EACM Module 6

This document discusses computer aided energy management systems and cogeneration. It describes SCADA control of power systems, PMU control of wide area systems, microgrid energy management, and using artificial intelligence for grid management. It then focuses on cogeneration, defining it as the sequential generation of two different forms of useful energy from a single primary energy source. It discusses the need for cogeneration to improve efficiency over conventional power plants and describes different cogeneration systems like steam turbine, gas turbine, and reciprocating engine systems. It also covers classification of cogeneration systems and factors that influence cogeneration choice.

Uploaded by

Zubin Jb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Energy Auditing

Conservation and
Management
Module 6
Computer Aided Energy Management
System
 Computer Aided Home Energy Management
 SCADA control of Power System
 PMU control of Wide Area System
 Microgrid Energy Management
SCADA Control of Power System
Grid Management using AI
Wide area system using PMU
Microgrid Energy Sharing
Co-generation

 Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is defined as the sequential


generation of two different forms of useful energy from a single primary
energy source, typically mechanical energy and thermal energy
 Mechanical energy may be used either to drive an alternator for producing
electricity or rotating equipment such as motor, compressor, pump or fan for
delivering various services.
 Thermal energy can be used either for direct process applications or for
indirectly producing steam, hot water, hot air for dryer or chilled water for
process cooling
Need for Cogeneration

 Thermal power plants are a major source of electricity supply in India


 In conventional power plant, efficiency is only 35% and remaining 65% of
energy is lost
 Heat rejected to the surrounding water or air
COAL FIRED POWER STATION
Steam Turbine Cogeneration systems
 A surface condenser is a commonly used term for a water-cooled shell and
tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam
turbine in thermal power stations.
 These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous
to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure.
 A gas-fired power plant or gas-fired power station or natural gas power plant
is a thermal power station which burns natural gas to generate electricity
 All natural gas plants use a gas turbine; natural gas is added, along with a
stream of air, which combusts and expands through this turbine causing a
generator to spin a magnet, making electricity
Gas turbine Cogeneration Systems
Reciprocating Engine Cogeneration
Systems (IC Engines)
 A reciprocating engine is an engine that uses one or more pistons in order to
convert pressure into rotational motion.
 It is typically a heat engine
 They use the reciprocating (up-and-down) motion of the pistons to translate
this energy
 The exhaust gases can also be directly recuperated and used for drying or CO2
production.
 All residual energy from the engine can be used to produce hot air.
 Reciprocating engine cogeneration is typically applied in buildings and
institutional settings, and less frequently for industrial use
Classification of Cogeneration Systems

 A cogeneration system can be classified as either a topping or a bottoming


cycle
 Based on the sequence of energy use.
 In a topping cycle, the fuel supplied is used to first produce power and then
thermal energy, which is the by-product of the cycle
 It is used to satisfy process heat or other thermal requirements.
 Topping cycle cogeneration is widely used the most popular method of
cogeneration.
The jacket cooling water system is used for
cooling the cylinder liners, cylinder covers
and exhaust valves of the main engine
Bottoming Cycle

 In a bottoming cycle, the primary fuel produces high temperature thermal


energy
 and the heat rejected from the process is used to generate power through a
recovery boiler and a turbine generator.
 Bottoming cycles are suitable for manufacturing processes that require heat
at high temperature in furnaces and kilns, and reject heat at significantly
high temperatures.
 Typical areas of application include cement, steel, ceramic, gas and
petrochemical industries
Factors Influencing Cogeneration Choice
 Base electrical load matching
 Here, the cogeneration plant is sized to meet the minimum electricity demand of the site based on the
historical demand curve
 Base Thermal Load Matching
 Here, the cogeneration system is sized to supply the minimum thermal energy requirement of the site
 Electrical Load Matching
 In this operating scheme, the facility is totally independent of the power utility grid. All the power
requirements of the site, including the reserves needed during scheduled and unscheduled
maintenance, are to be taken into account while sizing the system. This is also referred to as a “stand-
alone” system
 Thermal Load Matching
 cogeneration system is designed to meet the thermal energy requirement of the site at any time
Important Technical Parameters for
Cogeneration
 Heat-to-Power Ratio
 Quality of Thermal Energy Needed
 Load Patterns
 The heat and power demand patterns of the user affect the selection
 Fuels Available
 The availability of cheap fuels or waste products that can be used as fuels
 System Reliability
 for instance, a pulp and paper industry require continuous steam
 Grid Dependent System Versus Independent System
 Grid Dependent System Versus Independent System
 Retrofit Versus New Installation
 Electricity Buy-back
 Local Environmental Regulation

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