Simulator

Version 14

Interactive power system

simulation, analysis and
visualization

User’s Guide

2001 South First Street

Champaign, IL 61820
http://www.powerworld.com
support@powerworld.com
+1 (217) 384-6330
 Creating a New Project File ...........................................................................1413 
Create Project Dialog ...................................................................................1414 
Opening an Existing Project ..........................................................................1416 
Chapter 15: Tutorials ............................................................................... 1417 
Tutorial: Creating a New Case Page 1 of 13 ...................................................1418 
Tutorial: Inserting a Bus Page 2 of 13 ........................................................1419 
Tutorial: Inserting a Generator Page 3 of 13 ...............................................1421 
Tutorial: Saving the Case Page 4 of 13 .......................................................1423 
Tutorial: Entering a Second Bus with Load Page 5 of 13 ..............................1424 
Tutorial: Inserting a Transmission Line Page 6 of 13....................................1427 
Tutorial: Inserting a Line Flow Pie Chart on a Transmission Line Page 7 of 13 1429 
Tutorial: Inserting Circuit Breakers Page 8 of 13..........................................1431 
Tutorial: Inserting a Transformer Page 9 of 13 ............................................1433 
Tutorial: Inserting a Switched Shunt Page 10 of 13 .....................................1436 
Tutorial: Inserting Text, Bus and Line Fields Page 11 of 13 ..........................1438 
Tutorial: Solving the Case Page 12 of 13 ....................................................1442 
Tutorial: Adding a New Area Page 13 of 13.................................................1444 
Starting with an Existing Case Page 1 of 15 ...................................................1447 
Tutorial: Loading an Existing Power Flow File Page 2 of 15 ..........................1448 
Tutorial: Case Information Displays Page 3 of 15 ........................................1449 
Tutorial: Solving the Case Page 4 of 15 ......................................................1450 
Tutorial: Building Onelines Page 5 of 15 .....................................................1451 
Tutorial: Entering a Bus Page 6 of 15 .........................................................1452 
Tutorial: Automatic Line Insertion Page 7 of 15 ...........................................1453 
Panning and Zooming Page 8 of 15 ............................................................1454 
Tutorial: Adding Background Page 9 of 15 ..................................................1455 
Tutorial: Simulating the Case Page 10 of 15................................................1456 
Tutorial: Run-time Object Dialogs Page 11 of 15 .........................................1457 
Oneline Local Menu Page 12 of 15 .............................................................1458 
Tutorial: Area Page 13 of 15 ......................................................................1459 
Limit Violations Page 14 of 15....................................................................1460 
Other Case Information Displays Page 15 of 15 ...........................................1461 
Tutorial: Solving an OPF Page 1 of 6 ............................................................1462 
Tutorial: OPF Three Bus Example Page 2 of 6 ..............................................1463 
Tutorial: OPF Line Limit Enforcement Page 3 of 6 ..........................................1464 
Tutorial: OPF LMP Explanation Page 4 of 6....................................................1465 
Tutorial: OPF Marginal Cost of Enforcing Constraints Page 5 of 6 ....................1466 
Tutorial: OPF Unenforceable Constraints Page 6 of 6 .....................................1467 
Tutorial: Contingency Analysis ......................................................................1469 

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation xxiv

 Tutorials

Chapter 15: Tutorials

This chapter contains tutorials on building a new case in Simulator and starting from an existing case
in Simulator. They were originally created for use from the on-line help, although they can be used in
text format as reproduced here.

• Creating a New Case

• Starting with an Existing Case
• OPF
• Contingency Analysis

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1417

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Creating a New Case Page 1 of 13

This procedure describes how to create a simple power system model using PowerWorld Simulator.
This procedure was developed for use with version 13 and later of the package. If you have an earlier
version, please contact PowerWorld Corporation at info@powerworld.com for information on
upgrading, or visit the website at http://www.powerworld.com.

To begin, double-click on the PowerWorld Simulator icon. This starts Simulator. Simulator is
used to create new cases, modify existing cases, and (of course) simulate power systems. In this
example, we will build a new case from scratch. To create a case from an existing power flow case
instead, please see Creating a Case from an Existing Power Flow File.

To create a new case, select New Case from PowerWorld icon in the upper left corner of the
program. The screen background will turn white, the default background color for new PowerWorld
oneline diagram. Oneline diagrams are used in power system analysis to represent the actual three-
phase power system using a single line to represent each three-phase device.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1418

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Inserting a Bus Page 2 of 13

The most important component of the power system model is the bus. Buses are used to represent
junction points in the power system where a number of devices are connected together. In building a
power system model using Simulator, you will draw buses onto the oneline diagram, attach devices
such as generators and loads to the buses, and connect different buses together with transmission
lines and transformers.
To insert a bus:

• Select Network > Bus from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab. This
prepares Simulator to insert a new bus.
• Left-click on the oneline background at the location where you want to place the new bus. This
invokes the Bus Option Dialog (pictured below), which is used to specify the name, orientation,
shape, size, width, area, zone, and nominal voltage of the bus, as well as the load and shunt
compensation connected to the bus .

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1419

 Tutorials

• The Bus Number field automatically displays ‘1’. Simulator requires that each bus have a unique
number. For convenience, accept the default value. Historically, the Bus Name field was limited to
eight characters. That limitation is no longer imposed in Simulator. Many users still choose to limit
the bus name to eight characters by convention and for ease in converting cases to other formats
(such as .epc or .raw). For this example, enter ‘One’.
• Next, check the System Slack Bus field, which is located in the Bus Voltage portion of the Bus
Information Tab. The Slack Bus is a modeling construct that ensures that the power system has
enough generation to meet the load. In other words, the slack bus "picks up the slack" caused by
system losses or unbalanced generation and load.
• Click OK on the Bus Option Dialog to finish creating the bus and to close the dialog. After the
dialog box closes, the new bus appears on the oneline at the location you specified.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1420

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Inserting a Generator Page 3 of 13

Next we are going to attach a generator to the bus. Generators may be inserted in a manner similar to
inserting a bus:

• Select Network > Generator from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.
• Left-click the bus on the oneline diagram to which you want to attach the generator (for this
example, click on the slack bus – bus One.) The Generator Option Dialog (pictured below) will
automatically open. The dialog is used to specify the new generator’s unit identifier, display size,
orientation, MW output and limits, reactive power limits, set point voltage, and cost model.

• Every generator must have a MW Output specified when the generator is inserted. Make sure the
MW and Voltage Control tab is selected. Enter ‘413’ in the MW Output Field. Note: the MW Output
specified for a generator connected to the system slack bus is arbitrary because the generator’s
true output depends on system load and losses.
• Select the Display Information tab. The Orientation field is used to specify the direction the
generator will extend from the bus. The Anchored checkbox forces the generator to move with its
specified bus when repositioning the bus on the oneline.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1421

 Tutorials

• Click OK on the Generator Option Dialog to accept the default values for all other fields. After the
dialog box closes, the new generator will appear on the oneline attached to the previously selected
bus. The oneline diagram should resemble the image shown below.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1422

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Saving the Case Page 4 of 13

To save the work that we have done so far, select Save Case from the Application Button, or click on
the Save Case button. Before the case is saved, Simulator validates the case to make sure that it
does not contain any errors. Results from this validation are displayed in the Message Log display,
usually shown in the lower right-hand corner of the display. If the log is not visible, click the Log on
the Log group under Tools. Since we have not yet named the case, the Save As dialog is displayed.
Enter a file name and select OK. By default the case is saved using the PowerWorld Binary format
(*.pwb). When saving the case in the future, you will not have to reenter its name. Simulator also asks
you to supply a name for saving the oneline diagram we have been drawing. The oneline diagram files
have a default extension of *.pwd, which identifies them as PowerWorld Display files. Supply the same
name as you gave to the case. Note that, because the case and the oneline are stored in separate
files, multiple onelines can be assigned to the same case, and the same oneline can be used by many
cases.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1423

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Entering a Second Bus with Load Page 5 of 13

To enter the second bus:

• Select Network > Bus from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.
• Click on the oneline diagram somewhere to the right of the first bus. In the Bus Options Dialog
(pictured below) leave the bus number at the default value of 2, and enter the name ‘Two’ in the
Bus Name field.
• We will model a 200 MW, 100 Mvar load at the bus. Select the Attached Devices tab. Under the
Load Summary Information heading enter ‘200’ in the Base MW field and ‘100’ in the Base Mvar
field.
• Click OK to accept all other default values, close the Bus Options Dialog, and insert the bus.

At this point, the oneline diagram does not show the load at bus 2, even though it is represented in
the power system model (you can confirm this by right-clicking on bus 2, selecting Bus Information
Dialog from the resulting local menu, and inspecting the Load Summary Information fields again).
To draw the load on the oneline diagram:

• Select Network > Load from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.
• Left-click in the center of this bus. The Load Options Dialog box (pictured below) automatically
opens. The Constant Power MW and Mvar fields confirm that the load is 200 MW and 100 Mvar. In
addition to constant power loads, Simulator also allows the modeling of voltage dependent loads.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1424

 Tutorials

• Select Up in the Orientation field under the Load Information tab to make the load point up. Verify
that the anchored box is checked to force the load to move with the selected bus.
• Click OK to accept the default values for all remaining fields, close the Load Options dialog, and
insert the load. A circuit breaker symbol is automatically included with each load.

To move objects on the oneline:

• Left-click on the desired object. Drag and drop the object to the new location by holding the left
mouse button down while moving the mouse. Note: you can also move all objects on the oneline
simultaneously by left-clicking on the diagram (not on a specific object) then dragging and
dropping in the desired location.
• To move bus 2, left click on bus 2 (not on the attached load). Drag the bus to a new location. Note
that the load moves with the bus because it is anchored. You can change the location of attached
devices connected to a bus, such as generators and loads, by the same procedure.

The oneline diagram should now resemble the image shown below.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1425

 Tutorials

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1426

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Inserting a Transmission Line Page 6 of 13

Transmission lines are used to connect buses together. To insert a transmission line:

• Select Network > Transmission Line from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw
ribbon tab.
• Left-click at the point where you want the new line to originate. This point is usually located on
one of the proposed line’s terminal buses. For this example, originate the line at bus One.
• Transmission lines and transformers are drawn as a series of line segments. Without holding down
the mouse button, drag the mouse up. Notice that a line segment connected to the point of origin
will follow your mouse movements. To terminate a line segment, click the left mouse button. Each
time you click the mouse to terminate a line segment, a new vertex is defined for the line. To draw
the next line segment, move the mouse to the desired location of the next vertex. Note: the
vertices may later be moved or deleted to reshape the line. To create curved lines, hold the left
mouse button down while dragging.
• To terminate the final line segment and conclude drawing the line, double click the left mouse
button at the desired termination point (bus Two for this example). The termination point is
usually the transmission line’s other terminal bus.
• The Transmission Line/Transformer Dialog automatically appears (shown below). The dialog
should already contain a 1 in the From Bus Number field and a 2 in the To Bus Number Field. If
not, you probably did not have the cursor directly on the bus when you were drawing the line. If
this is the case, simply enter the correct bus numbers in the corresponding fields.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1427

 Tutorials

• The Series Resistance, Series Reactance, and Shunt Charging fields are used to enter the per unit
parameters associated with the line. The Shunt Charging field contains the total per unit charging
capacitance for the line. Enter 0.02 in the Resistance field, 0.08 in the Reactance field and 0.1 in
the Shunt Charging field.
• The Limit (MVA) fields contain the MVA ratings for the line; enter a value of 1000 in the Limit A
(MVA) field.
• Click OK to accept all remaining field default values, close the Transmission Line/Transformer
Dialog, and insert the new line.

By default, the transmission line is anchored to both terminal buses. If you try to move bus 2, the
transmission line should move with it.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1428

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Inserting a Line Flow Pie Chart on a Transmission Line Page 7 of 13

When the line is drawn it automatically it has a line flow pie chart included. You can include additional
line flow pie charts by selecting Pies/Gauges > Line Flow Pie Chart from the Individual Insert
ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab, and then clicking near a line. The Line/Transformer Flow Pie
Chart dialog box appears (shown below). Make sure that the From Bus and To Bus have the correct
numbers, that the MVA rating is correct, and that Anchored is checked. You may change the size of
the pie chart by typing in a value or using the arrows.

Color and behavior of pie charts are set in the Oneline Display Options display; right-click anywhere in
the background of the oneline, select Oneline Display Options from the pop-up menu, then select the
Pie Charts tab (pictured below).

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1429

 Tutorials

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1430

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Inserting Circuit Breakers Page 8 of 13

Circuit breakers are used to control the status of the line. (If the line already has circuit breakers at
each end, then Simulator has been instructed to insert circuit breakers automatically. You can
configure this option from the Default Drawing Options Dialog).

To insert a Circuit Breaker:

• Click somewhere on the line near bus One then select Indication > Circuit Breaker from the
Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab, then click on the line near bus One. You
should immediately see the Circuit Breaker Options dialog (shown below) with the From Bus and
To Bus fields correctly set to ‘1’ and ‘2’. If they are ‘0’, enter the correct value. Set the Size field to
‘1’ (you can either enter a 1, or use the spin arrows in change the value).
• Click OK to insert the circuit breaker.

In Simulator, the location of the circuit breaker does not matter, because changing the status of the
circuit breaker changes the status of the entire line. However, since most transmission lines have
circuit breakers at each end, we will also place a circuit breaker near bus 2. To accomplish this, repeat
the above process near bus 2.
Save your case. Your oneline should now look similar to the image below.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1431

 Tutorials

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1432

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Inserting a Transformer Page 9 of 13

To insert a transformer we first need to insert a bus at a different voltage level. Insert a new bus in
the bottom of the oneline, named Three, and enter 69 KV for its nominal voltage in the Bus Options
dialog box.

To insert a transformer between buses 2 and 3:

• Either go to Network > Transformer from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw
ribbon tab.
• Click on bus 2, and then draw a line to bus 3 as you did for a transmission line. The Transmission
Line/Transformer Dialog automatically appears.

• On the Parameters tab, enter 0.02 for Series Resistance, 0.08 for Series Reactance, 0.1 for
Shunt Charging and 1000 for Limit A (MVA).
• Select the Transformer Control tab. Note that the Off-nominal Turns Ratio displays 1.000. The
true transformer turns ratio does not need to be specified as it is automatically determined by the

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1433

 Tutorials

ratio of nominal voltages between the From Bus and To Bus. The Off-nominal Turns Ratio is used
to adjust the transformer tap setting on per-unit values of bus voltages as referenced to their
respective base values for per-unit calculation.
• Click OK to accept the default values, close the dialog and insert the transformer.
• Repeat this procedure to add a transformer between buses 1 and 3.

Add a 400 MW, 200 Mvar load to bus 3:

• Right-click on bus 3 and select Bus Information Dialog. Select the Attached Devices tab.
Click Add or Edit Bus Load.
• Under Constant Power enter 400 in the MW Value field. Enter 200 in Mvar Value field. Click OK.
• Note that Base MW and Base Mvar display the respective values. Click OK.

The load is now attached to the bus even though it is not displayed on the oneline. To display the load
as an object on the oneline, you can either use the Auto Insert feature or follow the procedure
utilized earlier. To Auto Insert the load:

• Select Auto Insert > Loads… from the Quick Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab. The
Automatic Insertion of Loads dialog opens automatically.
• Click OK to accept the default values and insert the load object on the oneline.

Note that Lines, Loads, Interfaces, Generators and Switched Shunts can all be inserted as objects on a
oneline using the Auto Insert tool if a record already exists for the device.

• Left-click and drag the load to the desired location on bus 3. Note: you can resize the bus object
on the oneline by left-clicking on the bus then dragging either end-point vertex to the desired bus
size.
• Right-click on the load and select Load Information Dialog. You can change the load
orientation and verify all load parameters in this dialog.
• Click OK.

Next we are going to attach a 300 MW generator to the bus 3:

• Select Network > Generator from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.
• Left-click on bus 3. The Generator Option Dialog opens.
• Select the Power and Voltage Control tab. Enter ‘300’ in the MW Output Field.
• Click OK on the Generator Option Dialog to accept the default values for all other fields. After the
dialog box closes, the new generator appears on the oneline attached to bus 3.

Your oneline should now resemble the image shown below.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1434

 Tutorials

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1435

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Inserting a Switched Shunt Page 10 of 13

Switched shunts usually consist of either capacitors to supply reactive power (in MVAR) to the system,
or reactors to absorb reactive power. The switched shunts are represented by a number of blocks of
admittance that can be switched in a number of discrete steps. If at least one block is in service, the
shunt is said to be online. The shunt’s corresponding circuit breaker is used to determine and / or
toggle the switched shunt’s status.

• To insert a switched shunt at bus 3, select Network > Switched Shunt from the Individual
Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.
• Click on or near bus 3. The Switched Shunt Options dialog box appears (pictured below).
• Verify that the bus number is 3; if it is not, change it.
• Enter 10 for the Nominal Mvar.
• Click OK to accept the default values of the remaining fields, close the dialog, and insert the
switched shunt.

Your oneline should now look similar to the image below.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1436

 Tutorials

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1437

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Inserting Text, Bus and Line Fields Page 11 of 13

Informational fields can be entered directly on the oneline to allow for ease of monitoring when a case
is animating.

To insert a general text field:

• Select Background > Text from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab. Left-
click on the oneline in the desired text location to bring up the Text Object Dialog. (For this
example, left-click in the top center of the oneline.)
• Type the string "First Case" in the Enter the text field. Click OK.
• To format the text, ensure the text is selected on the one-line then select from the Formatting
ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab. This displays the Font Tab of the Format Selection Dialog.
• Set the font size to 26 and the font color to blue.
• To change the text background color, select from the Formatting ribbon group on the Draw
ribbon tab, which summons the Line/Fill Options Tab . If the format menu is already open, click on
the Line/Fill Options Tab of the Format Selection Dialog. Check the Use Background Fill box to give
the text a white background, and then click OK.
• Inserted text can be moved using the same method as any other object on the oneline

Fields can also display object-related quantities. By default, Simulator has inserted the bus names,
generator and load MW and MVAR, and switched shunt MVAR. For this example, we will add a Bus
Voltage Magnitude field to each bus and fields showing the power flow on the transmission line and
the transformers. Note that object fields can be formatted just like text fields by using the Format
menu.

To add additional fields to the display of a particular bus:

• Right-click on the bus to bring up the bus’ local menu.

• Select Add New Fields Around Bus from the local menu. This opens the Insert Bus Fields Dialog
(pictured below). You may add up to 8 fields per bus. Select the position where you would like to
add the new field (position 5 for this example) then click OK.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1438

 Tutorials

• This opens the Bus Field Options dialog (shown below); select the field Bus Voltage to add in the
selected position and click OK.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1439

 Tutorials

• The parameter and position are displayed as highlighted in the Insert New Fields dialog. Click OK.
Note that the specified bus field has been added to the oneline diagram.
• Repeat this procedure for the other two buses. If necessary, you may move fields manually with
the mouse.

Fields can also be inserted using the Background > Field option from the Individual Insert ribbon
group on the Draw ribbon tab.

Next, we will insert fields showing the power flow at each end of the transmission line.

• Select Field > Transmission Line Field from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw
ribbon tab.

Line fields show information about transmission lines and transformers. For line fields, flow is always
specified at an end of the transmission line or transformer. The end is normally determined
automatically by the insertion point.

• Left-click near both bus 1 and the transmission line between buses 1 and 2 in the location you
want the power flow text to appear. The Line Field Options dialog (shown below) opens
automatically.
• The Near Bus and Far Bus fields should show 1 and 2 respectively. If they do not, enter the
correct values.
• Select MW Flow then click OK. The field is displayed on the oneline in the location you specified.
Note that the field can be moved and formatted as previously discussed.
• Select Field > Transmission Line Field from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw
ribbon tab.
• Left-click near both bus 2 and the transmission line between buses 1 and 2 in the location you
want the power flow text to appear. The Line Field Options dialog (shown below) opens
automatically.
• Now the Near Bus and Far Bus fields should show 2 and 1 respectively. If they do not, enter the
correct values.
• Select MW Flow then click OK.
• Repeat the procedure to insert Mvar Flow fields for the two locations.

We also desire to monitor the MW and Mvar flows on the lines joining buses 1 and 3 and buses 2 and
3 via the transformers. The same commands are used as those used to insert fields for the
transmission line.

• Repeat the above steps to insert MW (and Mvar) Flow fields on the lines joining buses 1 and 3
and buses 2 and 3 via the transformers.
• At this point, your first oneline diagram should resemble the one shown below.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1440

 Tutorials

• Save the case.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1441

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Solving the Case Page 12 of 13

To solve a case, you must be in run mode:

• Click on Run Mode button in the Mode ribbon group. Note that if the case has validation errors,
a warning will appear. You will need to rectify the problems before you can enter Run Mode.
• Press the Play button in the Power Flow Tools ribbon group on the Tools ribbon tab to
begin the simulation. Alternatively, to perform a single Power Flow Solution, click the Single
Solution - Full Newton button in the Power Flow Tools ribbon group on the Tools ribbon tab.
Your case should look similar to the case shown below. If it does, congratulations! You have
completed building your first case.

Try clicking on the load circuit breaker to toggle the load’s status. A solid red circuit breaker indicates
that it is closed, a hollow green box indicates it is open. While the simulation is running, click on the
circuit breakers and note the nearly instantaneous change in system flows. If the Log window is

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1442

 Tutorials

visible, you will get a "backstage" view of what Simulator is doing. Feel free to close the log. To re-
open the log, click the Log button in the Log ribbon group on the Tools ribbon tab.
With the load circuit breaker closed, open the circuit breaker between bus 3 and its connected
generator. Now open any of the transmission line or transformer circuit breakers.
Congratulations, you’ve just blacked-out your case!

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1443

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Adding a New Area Page 13 of 13

Next, we will create a second operating area for the case. Large interconnected systems usually have
a number of control areas, with each control area responsible for the operation of a particular part of
the system. Often, a single control area corresponds to a single owner (such as an investor-owned
utility), but it is not unusual for a single control area to have more than one owner. Control areas are
connected to neighboring areas through tie lines. A tie line is a transmission line that has one end in
one control area and the other end in another. The total amount of power flowing out of a control area
is the algebraic sum of the power flowing out on all the area’s tie lines. Each control area is
responsible for procuring enough power to meet its own load plus losses. The control area can get this
power either by generating it itself, or by buying it from another area. This ability to buy and sell
power (i.e., power transactions) is one of the principal advantages of interconnected operation.
To create another control area:

• Change to Edit Mode. Right click on bus 3 and select Bus Information Dialog from the drop
down menu.
• Entering a number for an area that does not already exist automatically creates a new area. Enter
‘2’ in the Area Number field. Enter ‘TWO’ in the Area Name field. Click OK.
• To verify that the case now has two areas, select Case Summary from the Case Data ribbon
group on the Case Information ribbon tab. The Case Information Displays allow you to view the
entire case using non-graphical displays. The Case Summary dialog (shown below) shows the
number of buses, generators, lines/transformers, and control areas in the case. You cannot modify
any of these values.

Now we will make sure that both of the control areas are initially set as being on automatic generation
control (AGC). AGC insures that the generation in the area is equal to the load plus losses plus and
scheduled transactions.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1444

 Tutorials

• Select Case Information > Aggregation > Areas. The Area display (pictured below) provides
a convenient summary of all the control areas in the case. Similar displays exist for buses,
generators, lines/transformers, etc.

• Right-click anywhere on the record for the first area and select the Show Dialog option. The Area
Display Dialog is shown (as below).

• Change the Area Name to ‘One’ and set the AGC Status under Area MW Control sOptions to
Economic Dispatch Control. Select SAVE to save this information.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1445

 Tutorials

• Next click on the up arrow next to the right of the Area Number field. This displays the Area
Record dialog for the next area. Set the AGC Status to Economic Dispatch Control, and select
OK to save your changes and close the dialog.
• Note the AGC Status field in the Area Records Display now shows ED in the AGC Status fields.
Close the Area Records display.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1446

 Tutorials

Starting with an Existing Case Page 1 of 15

This procedure describes how to create a power system model from an existing power flow file using
PowerWorld Simulator. This tutorial assumes that you have at least some familiarity with PowerWorld
Simulator. If you need a more general introduction, please see Creating a New Case tutorial.
PowerWorld cases can be easily created from existing power flow cases stored in PTI RAW versions
23-30, GE PSLF text format (EPC version 11.X and later), and IEEE common format.
Simulator provides a static model of a power system. The power flow data is a subset of the system
model. For some studies this model is sufficient. For other studies the model needs to be augmented
by adjusting: generator cost information, the reactive capability curve, PowerWorld Simulator case
options, interface definitions, injection group definitions, contingency definitions, the time variation of
the load, etc….
To begin, double-click on the PowerWorld Simulator icon. This starts Simulator. In this example we will
be building a case from an existing power flow file.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1447

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Loading an Existing Power Flow File Page 2 of 15

Once Simulator has been started, set Simulator to Edit Mode by clicking on the Edit Mode button.
Select Open Case from the Application Button. An Open dialog box will appear on the screen. To
select a power flow file, click on the Type of File field in the lower left hand corner of the dialog box.
A list of file formats will appear. Choose the appropriate format, and the available files of the type
selected will appear in the box above Type of File. Choose the desired file from the list of available
files and select OK. In this example, we will be building a oneline for the 3990 bus MAIN 1998 summer
case saved in PTI version 23 format as mdb98s.raw. When prompted to create a oneline, select ‘yes’.
Your display should immediately turn white. This shows the blank background upon which you will be
drawing the oneline diagram for your case. Onelines are used in power system analysis to represent
the actual three-phase power system using a single line to represent each three phase device. The
information from the power flow file is now accessible to Simulator.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1448

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Case Information Displays Page 3 of 15

Simulator presents many different Case Information Displays to provide a text-based view of the case.
For example, to view or modify the description of the case, select Case Description from the Case
Data ribbon group on the Case Information ribbon tab. The Case Description Dialog should
appear, showing the text description of the power flow case. In PowerWorld, this text description may
be arbitrarily long.
You can also obtain a case summary by selecting Case Summary from the Case Data ribbon group
on the Case Information ribbon tab. The summary dialog will appear. It provides a summary of the
case and of the total case load and generation. None of the fields in this dialog can be changed, as
they are intended for informational purposes only.
The Area/Zone Filters information display is another important article. The Area/Zone/Owner Filters
feature restricts the contents of other case information displays to certain areas or zones. This is
particularly useful for large cases. Open the Area/Zone Filters display by selecting Area/Zone Filters
from the Case Information ribbon group on the Case Information ribbon tab. As with all Case
Information Displays, you can click on a column heading to sort the list on a particular field; click on
that same column heading again to reverse the sort order. To change a particular area’s area/zone
filter status, simply left-click on the area’s area/zone filter status field. To change the filter status for all
areas in the case, right-click on the display to bring up its local menu (all case information displays
have a local menu), and select either Toggle All Yes or Toggle All No.For our example, set all areas
to ‘no’ except WUMS.
Another important text-based display is the Power Flow List. The power flow list shows the complete
power flow information for all areas whose area/zone filter is set to ‘yes’. To display the power flow
list, select Power Flow List from the Case Data ribbon group on the Case Information ribbon tab.
The power flow list has other options that can be accessed by right-clicking anywhere on the list. If
you wish to view more details about a particular device, you can do so by holding down the Ctrl key
and left-clicking on the device. To move through the list of buses, you can use the arrow keys or the
scroll bar. If you are viewing a particular bus and you wish to view a bus connected to it, double-click
on the line connecting the two buses to view the flows at the other bus. Note that some of the
transmission lines have a circuit identifier of ‘99’. Whenever a ‘99’ is used for an identifier, it usually
means that the transmission line is an equivalent line.
A shorter version of the power flow list can often be more useful. Such a display is offered by the
Quick Power Flow List. The Quick Power Flow List is similar to the power flow list except that it shows
flows at individual buses or a set of buses, regardless of area/zone filter settings. You can view flows
at any bus in the case. To display the quick power flow list, select Quick Power Flow List from the
Case Data ribbon group on the Case Information ribbon tab. Identify the buses of interest In the Bus
Number field by entering the number of either a single bus, a set of buses separated by commas, or
a range of buses specified using a hyphen. Again you can double-click to move to a desired bus, or
choose Show Object Dialog from the display’s local menu to see the information dialog for any
object.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1449

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Solving the Case Page 4 of 15

To solve the power flow case we have been using in this example, press the Single Solution - Full
Newton button in the Power Flow Tools ribbon group on the Tools ribbon tab, or press the Single
Solution icon on the Quick Access toolbar. You may wish to show the Message Log before you solve
the case so as to monitor the solution process. When you choose to perform a Single Solution, the
application automatically switches to Run Mode if it is not already there. The system has initial
mismatches because of voltage truncation in the power flow file. The case should converge quickly,
perhaps in 2 or 3 iterations. After the single solution has been performed, Simulator now has the
solved power flow in memory, and you are ready to build the oneline.
It is not necessary that the power flow case be solved before you create the oneline. However, we
recommend that you solve the existing case first to make sure that it is valid.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1450

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Building Onelines Page 5 of 15

PowerWorld Simulator makes the power system case easier to analyze by presenting results visually
using a oneline diagram. You do not need to represent every bus in the power flow model on the
oneline; a oneline diagram need be created only for the desired portion of a system under study.
Simulator can automatically link the constructed oneline diagram to the existing power system model.
The following sections of this tutorial will discuss placing various visual components onto a oneline
diagram. In all of the following sections the actions described will relate to the aforementioned MAIN
example.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1451

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Entering a Bus Page 6 of 15

The most important component of the power system model is the bus. Buses are used to represent
junction points in the power system where a number of devices connect together. To build a oneline
diagram, you draw the buses, attach devices such as generators and loads to the buses, and connect
the buses together with transmission lines and transformers.
To begin entering devices onto the blank oneline, you must first switch to Edit Mode. If you are not
already in Edit Mode, switch back to Edit Mode now. Show the Quick Power Flow List and move it
towards the bottom of the screen. Show bus 39820 by typing that number in the Bus Number field.
Select Network > Bus from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab. Click on the
oneline towards the top center to define the point at which the new bus will be added. The Bus
Information Dialog will appear. In the Bus Number field enter 39820. Select Find by Number to
view the bus information. You should see the information appear in the Bus dialog fields that
corresponds with the MAIN power flow case. Select OK to place the bus. The bus should now appear
on your screen.
If it has not already been done for you automatically, add a bus field identifying the new bus’ number
immediately to the left of the new bus. To do this, click on or to the left of the display object that
represents bus 39820 and select Field > Bus Field from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the
Draw ribbon tab. The Bus Field Options Dialog will appear for you to fill out. Designate the type of field
as Bus Number and close the dialog. Simulator will add a text object showing the bus number at the
point where you had clicked.
Repeat this procedure to place buses 39881 and 39821 on the oneline, along with their bus numbers.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1452

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Automatic Line Insertion Page 7 of 15

Transmission lines between buses can be inserted manually by choosing Network > Transmission
Line from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab and clicking on the beginning
bus. Vertices may be defined along the way by clicking the mouse on the diagram where vertices
should appear. However when creating a case from an existing power flow file, you also have the
option to insert transmission line display objects automatically. To do this, select Auto Insert >
Lines from the Quick Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab. Accept the default options and click
OK. The lines joining the visible buses on the display are automatically added, along with circuit
breakers and pie charts, provided those options are set. Simulator will draw only transmission lines
that link buses that have already been drawn on the oneline diagram. If you add another bus to the
diagram, you can again auto-insert lines, and Simulator will only insert lines that are not already
present on the display.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1453

 Tutorials

Panning and Zooming Page 8 of 15

Two features of Simulator are indispensable when you have a large, detailed oneline: panning and
zooming. To pan from side to side or up and down, either use the arrow keys or the scrollbars on the
sides of the oneline. To zoom in or out of the oneline, hold the Ctrl key down and press the up arrow
to zoom in and the down arrow to zoom out. For the example, pan up and insert buses 39819 and
39841, again with bus fields showing their numbers. Again use Auto Insert > Lines from the Quick
Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab to add the transmission lines.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1454

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Adding Background Page 9 of 15

Sometimes you may wish to insert background elements on a oneline such as bodies of water or state
lines to convey geographic location. To show static background elements on the oneline, select
Background > Background Line from the Individual Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.
Click on the diagram to start the background line, and click at other points on the diagram to add
segments. Double click to terminate the background line. If you wish to fill in the area inside the
background line or change the background line’s color, select the background line and choose
Line/Fill from the Formatting ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab and make the appropriate
choices in the resulting dialog. You may wish to experiment now with drawing background lines or
objects and with adding fill color. Additionally, some political and geographic borders can be inserted
by selecting Auto Insert > Borders from the Quick Insert ribbon group on the Draw ribbon tab.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1455

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Simulating the Case Page 10 of 15

Once you have constructed a oneline diagram showing the area of interest, you can simulate the case.
Simulator does not only show the magnitude and direction of flows on transmission lines, but can also
animate them. To configure the animated flows, switch to Edit Mode and choose Oneline Display
Options from the Active ribbon group on the Onelines ribbon tab. This dialog box also allows you to
change the size, density, and fill color of the animated flows for easier visualization. At this point, just
click OK. Next, save your case by selecting Save Case from the Application Button or by pressing the
Save Case button on the Quick Access Toolbar. If you have not already saved the case, a Save
As dialog will prompt you to select a name. Both the oneline diagram and the case will use this name.
To begin solving and animating the load flow solution, switch to Run Mode and then press the Play
button in the Power Flow Tools ribbon group on the Tools ribbon tab. You should now see Simulator
modeling the 3990-bus case.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1456

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Run-time Object Dialogs Page 11 of 15

While the animation ensues, you might want to view or change some study parameters. To do this,
first pause the animation. (Note that you do not have to pause the animation to tweak parameters.
You can adjust anything in the case while the animation runs, too.) Then, right-click on any of the
objects on the display, and choose Show Dialog from the popup menu. This will bring up the run-time
dialog for the object. Many of the parameters on this dialog can be modified, and the new settings will
take effect when the animation is restarted.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1457

 Tutorials

Oneline Local Menu Page 12 of 15

Several options are available at run time from the oneline diagram’s local menu. To call up the menu,
right-click on an empty portion of the oneline. The local menu will appear. Use it to print the oneline,
save it as a metafile, or copy it to the clipboard. You can also find a particular bus on the oneline,
access panning and zooming options, set oneline display options, view information about the power
system area in which you clicked, create a contour plot, and use the difference flows activity, all from
the oneline local menu.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1458

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Area Page 13 of 15

Often, system data is most conveniently displayed by area. To view the Area Records Display, select
Aggregation > Areas from the Model Explorer. The resulting display summarizes information about
all the areas in the case. You can sort the entries by clicking on the column labels.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1459

 Tutorials

Limit Violations Page 14 of 15

You can view a report of limit violations by selecting Limit Monitoring Settings from the Other
Tools ribbon group on the Tools ribbon tab. A display showing bus voltage violations, line/transformer
violations or interface violations will appear. To show only violations, select Violating Elements from
the Elements to Show options. If the Use Area / Zone Filters on List Displays is checked, then
the displayed violations will correspond only to areas whose Shown field is set to Yes on the
Area/Zone/Owner Filters display.
If you wish to see more information on a bus that appears in the violation list, right-click on the bus
number and select Quick Power Flow List from the resulting local menu. If the Case Information
Display is set to refresh automatically, the list of bus voltage violations will update as new violations
occur.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1460

 Tutorials

Other Case Information Displays Page 15 of 15

In addition to the few displays discussed in this tutorial, Simulator offers many other Case Information
Displays. In most cases, you can view information about buses, generators, lines, transformers, loads,
and zones simply by right-clicking on the object in question and choosing the appropriate option from
the object’s local menu. The best way to become more familiar with the displays and the information
contained in them is simply to play with a Simulator case and oneline. Simulator’s interface has been
designed to be simple and intuitive. If you run into problems, consult the On-line Help for assistance.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1461

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Solving an OPF Page 1 of 6

Note: The OPF option in PowerWorld Simulator is only available if you have purchased the
OPF add-on to the base package. Please contact PowerWorld Corporation at
info@powerworld.com or visit the website at http://www.powerworld.com for details about ordering
the OPF version of Simulator.
The PowerWorld Simulator (Simulator) is an interactive power system simulation package designed to
simulate high voltage power system operation. In the standard mode, Simulator solves the power flow
equations using a Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm. With the optimal power flow (OPF)
enhancement, Simulator OPF can also solve many of the system control equations using an Optimal
Power Flow algorithm. Specifically, Simulator OPF uses a linear programming (LP) OPF
implementation.
The purpose of an OPF is to minimize an objective (or cost) function by changing different system
controls, taking into account both equality and inequality constraints. These constraints are used to
model the power balance constraints and various operating limits.
In Simulator OPF, the LP OPF determines the optimal solution by iterating between solving a standard
power and then solving a linear program to change the system controls to remove any limit violations.
See OPF Primal LP for more details.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1462

 Tutorials

Tutorial: OPF Three Bus Example Page 2 of 6

For this tutorial, we will start with a provided three-bus case (B3LP) found in the
PowerWorld\Simulator\Sample Cases directory. Bus 1 is the system slack bus. All buses are connected
via 0.1 pu reactance lines, each with a 100 MVA limit. There is a single 180 MW load at bus 3. The
generator marginal costs are:

• Bus 1: 10 $/MWhr; Range = 0 to 400 MW

• Bus 2: 12 $/MWhr; Range = 0 to 400 MW
• Bus 3: 20 $/MWhr; Range = 0 to 400 MW

To begin:

• Load B3LP case.

• Verify the above system specifications by right clicking on each line, bus, and generator and
selecting its respective Line/Bus/Generator Information Dialog from the drop down menu.
• Select Run Mode.
• To be included in the OPF, all required area AGC status fields must be selected to OPF. To set area
AGC to OPF: Select OPF Case Info > OPF Areas from the OPF ribbon group on the Add Ons
ribbon tab. The OPF Area Records display automatically opens. Verify the AGC Status field is set to
OPF. If it is not, double click on the field to change its value. Close the OPF Area Records display.
• Select Add Ons > Primal LP from the OPF ribbon group on the Add Ons ribbon tab to solve the
case. Note: line limits are not initially enforced.

Your display should look similar to the following:

B3LP Solved Using Add Ons > Primal LP

Note the line from Bus 1 to Bus 3 is overloaded and that all buses have the same marginal cost.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1463

 Tutorials

Tutorial: OPF Line Limit Enforcement Page 3 of 6

• Select OPF Case Info > OPF Areas from the OPF ribbon group on the Add Ons ribbon tab.

The Branch MVA column specifies whether or not the MVA limits should be enforced for transmission
lines and transformers that have at least one terminal in this area. For a transmission line or
transformer to be included in the OPF constraints, Line/Transformer constraints must not be disabled
on the OPF Options and Results Dialog, and the individual line/transformer must be enabled for
enforcement on the OPF Line/Transformer MVA Constraints display.

• Double click on the Branch MVA field to change the value to YES. Close the OPF Area display
• Select OPF Options and Results from the OPF ribbon group on the Add Ons ribbon tab.
• The LP OPF Dialog opens automatically. Select the Constraint Options tab then click Disable
Line/Transformer MVA Limit Enforcement to remove the checkmark.
• Click Solve LP OPF then click OK.

B3LP Solved with Line Limit Enforcement Enabled

The LP OPF re-dispatches to remove the line limit violation. Bus marginal costs have changed from the
initial example. The new bus marginal cost at Bus 3 is 14 $/MWh. To verify this:

• Increase the load at Bus 3 by 1 MW. Right click on the load, enter "181.0" in the Constant Power /
MW Value field in the Load Options dialog. Click OK.
• Select Primal LP from the OPF ribbon group on the Add Ons ribbon tab.

The Total Cost increased to 1935 $/hr from the previous value of 1921 $/hr, a difference of 14 $/hr
when Bus 3 load was increased by 1 MW.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1464

 Tutorials

Tutorial: OPF LMP Explanation Page 4 of 6

Explanation of Bus 3 LMP = 14 $/MWh (from previous page):

B3LP Solved with Line Limit Enforcement Enabled

All lines have equal impedance. Power flow in a simple network distributes inversely to impedance of
the path.

• For Bus 1 to supply 1 MW to Bus 3, 2/3 MW will take the direct path from 1 to 3, while 1/3 MW
will take the path from 1 to 2 to 3.
• Likewise, for bus 2 to supply 1 MW to Bus 3, 2/3 will go from 2 to 3, while 1/3 will go from 2 to 1
to 3.
• To supply one additional MW to Bus 3, we need the change in power of generator 1 (Pg1) plus the
change in power of generator 2 to equal 1 MW.

Pg1 + Pg2 = 1 MW

• With the line from 1 to 3 limited, no additional power flows are allowed on it.

(2/3)Pg1 + (1/3)Pg2 = 0

• Solving the above system of equations results in:

Pg1 = -1 MW and Pg2 = 2 MW

Δcost = Σ(ΔPg*LMP) = [(-1 MW)*(10.00 $/MWh) + (2 MW)*(12.00 $MW/h)] = 14.00 $/hr

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1465

 Tutorials

Tutorial: OPF Marginal Cost of Enforcing Constraints Page 5 of 6

Similar to the bus marginal cost, you can also calculate the marginal cost of enforcing a line constraint.
For a transmission line, this represents the amount of system savings that could be achieved if the
MVA rating was increased by 1.0 MVA.

• Select OPF Case Info > OPF Lines and Transformers from the OPF ribbon group on the Add
Ons ribbon tab. The OPF Constraints Records dialog opens.

Note the column displaying MVA Marginal Cost displays 6.0 for the line from Bus 1 to Bus 3. This is
determined based on the following:

• With no change in system load:

Pg1 + Pg2 = 0

• If we allow one additional MVA to flow on the line from Bus 1 to Bus 3:

(2/3)Pg1 + (1/3)Pg2 = 1

• Solving the above system of equations results in:

Pg1 = 3 MW and Pg2 = -3 MW

Δcost = Σ(ΔPg*LMP) = [(3 MW)*(10.00 $/MWh) + (-3 MW)*(12.00 $MW/h)] = -6.00 $/hr, a net
savings of 6.00 $/hr.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1466

 Tutorials

Tutorial: OPF Unenforceable Constraints Page 6 of 6

Next we will consider a case with unenforceable constraints. To begin, increase the load at Bus 3 to
250 MW then run the LP OPF again:

• Right-click on the load at Bus 3. Enter 250 in the Constant Power / MW Value field.
• Select Primal LP from the OPF ribbon group on the Add Ons ribbon tab.

B3LP with Bus 3 Generator Carrying Load

Note that the transmission lines connecting Bus 3 to the other buses are both at their respective MVA
limit and that the generator at Bus 3 is supplying the load in excess of the transmission line limits.
Next we will open the generator at Bus 3 thereby inserting an unenforceable constraint:

• Left-click on the red breaker symbol connecting the generator to Bus 3 to open the breaker.
• Select Primal LP LP from the OPF ribbon group on the Add Ons ribbon tab.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1467

 Tutorials

B3LP Solved with Unenforceable Constraints

Both constraints cannot be enforced. If a constraint cannot be enforced due to insufficient controls,
the slack variable associated with enforcing that constraint can not be removed from the LP basis.
Note the new LMP value for bus 3 exceeds 1000 $/MWh. The marginal cost depends on the arbitrary
cost of the slack variable. This value is specified in the Marginal Violation Cost field of the Add Ons >
OPF Options and Results dialog. See OPF Options and Results dialog for more details.

Additional Example
To see another OPF example select PowerWorld Simulator Add-on Tools > Optimal Power
Flow (OPF) > Examples from the table of contents in the on-line help file.

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1468

 Tutorials

Tutorial: Contingency Analysis

This tutorial will walk you through the basic commands necessary to insert contingencies and have
Simulator automatically analyze the results. Please see Introduction to Contingency Analysis for the
necessary background information regarding the capabilities and uses of the Contingency Analysis
tool.
For this tutorial, we will use an existing 7-bus case.

• Open case B7SCOPF from the Program Files/PowerWorld/Simulator/Sample Cases directory.

• Ensure Simulator is in Run Mode.
• Select Contingency Analysis from the Run Mode ribbon group on the Tools ribbon tab.
Simulator opens the Contingency Analysis Dialog.

The next section of the tutorial discusses Defining Contingencies and provides an example of
inserting a single element contingency.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Next

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1469

 Tutorials

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1470

 Index

Index

Area Display Options Dialog, 162

A  Area Fields, 169, 172, 316, 471
Area Information, 460, 462, 463, 464, 465,
Abort, 27, 53
466, 467, 468, 469, 470
Absolute Value, 71
Area Buses, 462
ACE, 598, 599, 701, 709, 739
Area Gens, 463
Actions, 1284, 1299, 1304, 1312, 1316, 1318,
Area Loads, 464
1320, 1321, 1323
Area MW Control Options, 465
Add-On Tools, 927, 986, 1039, 1121
Area Loss Sensitivity, 616
Admittance, 152, 663
Area Losses, 711
Advanced, 543, 544, 546
Area MW Control Options, 465
Advanced Filter, 531, 542, 543, 544, 546, 547,
557 Area MW Transactions, 712
Advanced Sort, 522, 527 Area Slack, 702
AGC, 597, 599, 610, 667, 668, 676, 701, 737, Area Slack Bus Control, 702
739 Area Transactions, 597, 599, 712
Aggregation, 39 Area/zone, 308
Aggregations, 504 Area/Zone/Owner, 541
Align Group Objects, 322 Area/Zone/Owner Filters, 30, 527, 531, 541
Anchored, 37, 73, 159, 311, 321 Areas, 456, 460, 466, 467, 468, 541, 591, 597,
Anchored Objects, 159, 245, 321 599, 634, 701, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713
Anchors, 159, 245 Associate, 1412
Angle Smoothing, 698 ATC, 19, 861, 1077, 1078, 1081, 1088, 1093,
1098, 1106, 1108, 1318, 1334
Animated Flows, 74, 83
Multiple Scenario, 1078, 1098
Animation, 66, 74, 83, 857
ATC Analysis, 1098
Appending, 17, 244
ATC Analysis Methods - Iterated Linear Step
Case, 17
IL, 1114
Appending a Case, 244
ATC Analysis Methods - Iterated Linear Step IL
Apply Template, 68 then Full CTG Solution, 1117
Area, 3, 50, 169, 172, 205, 302, 308, 349, ATC Analysis Methods - Single Linear Step SL,
436, 460, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 541, 1113
597, 599, 603, 710, 712, 713
ATC Analysis Methods - Solution Methods,
Zoom, 50, 308 1112
Area Average Cost, 713 ATC Dialog Analysis Tab, 1096
Area Chart, 710 ATC Dialog Result Tab, 1095
Area Control, 701 ATC Dialog Options Tab, 1080
Area Control Error, 701, 709 ATC Extra Monitors, 1093
Area Display, 597, 599 Augmenting Max Flow Min Cut, 296, 297
Area Display Objects, 161 Auto Insert, 203, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279,
280, 281, 282, 751, 866, 868

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1471

 Tutorials

Borders, 282 Shapes, 213, 215, 216

Contingencies, 751 Background Objects, 213, 215, 216, 217, 221,
Display Objects, 203, 275, 277, 278, 279, 222, 224, 316
280, 281 Background_Lines_Dialog, 214
PTDF Directions, 866, 868 Base, 38, 312, 317, 403, 1110
Auto Insert Contingencies, 820 Level, 317
Auto Insert Injection Groups, 488 Base Case, 730, 731, 732, 733, 735, 1110
Auto Size, 526 Base Case Violations, 781
Column Widths, 526 Binding Constraint Dialog, 898
Auto Updating, 308 Bitmap format, 68
Auto Zoom, 308 Blink, 72
Automatic Control, 379, 405, 443 Blocks, 759
Automatic Generation Control, 737 BMP, 69
Automatic Line Tap Dialog, 257 Branch, 71, 308, 634, 1108
Automatically Insert, 203, 274, 275, 277, 278, Object, 308
279, 280, 281, 751, 868 Branch Limiters, 1108
Borders, 282 Branches, 596, 654
Contingencies, 751 Branches that Create Islands, 721
Display Objects, 203, 275, 277, 278, 279, Breakpoint, 484
280, 281
Bring, 302, 317, 540
PTDF Directions, 866, 868
Front, 38, 312, 317
Automatically Open, 692
Browse, 268
Autosize, 526
Browsing, 72
Auxiliary File
Build, 136, 137
Export Format Description, 568
Building New Case, 136
Auxiliary Files, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148,
754, 1183, 1278 Bus, 3, 35, 37, 67, 71, 82, 159, 174, 175, 176,
246, 247, 249, 251, 252, 253, 262, 300, 308,
Formats, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 754 311, 323, 328, 331, 333, 423, 605, 606, 608,
Available Contingency Actions, 741 714, 717, 789, 835
Available Transfer Capability, 19, 861, 1077, Object, 308
1078, 1098, 1108, 1334 Bus Field Information, 331
Average Cost, 713 Bus Fields, 175, 316, 331
AVR, 379, 405, 443, 606, 610 Bus Information, 397, 423
Bus Information Dialog, 526
B  Bus Load Throw Over Records, 789
Back, 38, 312, 317 Bus Mismatches, 608
Send, 38, 312, 317 Bus Options, 328
Background, 38, 39, 71, 213, 215, 216, 217, Bus Renumbering, 246, 247, 249
307, 308, 312, 317, 318 Bus View, 537, 714, 717
Color, 71, 307 Buses, 50, 159, 174, 246, 251, 252, 253, 255,
Pictures, 217 274, 328, 333, 397, 423, 456, 591, 596, 658,
714, 717, 773, 835

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1472

 Index

Buyer, 1078, 1093 Change Line Color button, 316

Change Timepoint Time Dialog, 907
C  ChangeParametersMultipleElement Function,
1133
Calculate Participation Factors, 739
ChangeParametersMultipleElement Sample
Calculated Fields, 515 Code, 1134
Cascade, 63, 117 ChangeParametersMultipleElementFlatInput
Case, 17, 19, 67, 129, 132, 133, 135, 138, Function, 1136
244, 526, 590, 591 ChangeParametersMultipleElementFlatInput
Appending, 17, 244 Sample Code, 1137
Submode, 19 ChangeParametersSingleElement Function,
1130
Case Description, 590
Charts, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713
Case Formats, 129, 590
Choosing, 317
Case Information, 17, 20, 507, 508, 518, 522,
523, 526, 581, 590, 593, 595, 596, 597, 599, Layer, 317
608, 619, 644, 689 Circuit, 622
Case Information Customizations, 508, 517 Circuit Breakers, 186
Case Information Displays, 20, 318, 507, 508, Close Oneline, 140
517, 518, 522, 523, 527, 541, 542, 543, 544,
Closest Facilities to Point, 110
546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 553, 555, 556, 560,
564, 565, 567, 581, 590, 597, 599, 605, 609, Color, 37, 71, 75, 305, 307, 311, 316, 850
619, 689 Color Dialog, 307, 316
Custom Field Descriptions, 512, 513 displays, 316
Case Information Displays Colors and Cell Color Key, 565
Styles, 520
Color Map, 850
Case Information Displays Using Cell Handles,
Colors, 313, 315, 316, 565
521
Column Metrics, 540
Case Information Filterbar, 505, 531, 543, 544,
546, 547 Column Widths, 526
Case Information Toolbar, 505, 508, 526 Auto Size, 526
Case Pathname, 592 Comments, 21
Case References, 745 Complete Show, 71
Case Summary, 591 Conditional Display, 66, 119, 319
Case Templates, 68 Conditional Display by Zoom Level, 319
Case Totals, 592 Configuring, 527
Case Validation, 132 Case Information Displays, 527
Center, 50, 111, 308 Connect, 1124
Display, 50 Container Window, 13, 20, 62, 116
oneline, 308 Context-sensitive, 11
Change, 307 Contingencies, 750
Change button, 316 Contingency, 19, 743, 744, 745, 751, 754, 755,
757, 759, 760, 762, 763, 764, 766, 769, 771,
Change Field Data, 583
773, 775, 777, 778, 780, 783, 787, 789, 790,
Change Fill Color, 316

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1473

 Tutorials

792, 793, 794, 796, 799, 802, 813, 814, 815, Contingency Records Auto Insert, 819
816, 1469 Contingency Specific Options, 744
Blocks, 783 Contingency Violations, 769, 773, 796
Case References, 745 Contingency Violations Display, 767
Compare, 764 Continuously Update, 565
Delete, 764 Contour, 68, 564, 565, 842, 843, 844, 848,
Global Actions, 783 850
Records, 745, 757 Contour Column, 540, 564, 565
Report, 764 Contour Type, 565, 844, 848
Submode, 19, 1316 Contouring, 518, 564, 565, 842, 843, 844, 848,
Contingency Action, 743 850
Contingency Actions, 764, 771, 775, 799 Contouring Options, 843, 848, 850
Compare Contingencies, 764 Color Key, 850
Contingency Analysis, 3, 636, 740, 743, 744, Control Areas, 591
745, 750, 751, 754, 757, 759, 760, 762, 763, Controls, 351, 703
764, 766, 769, 771, 773, 775, 777, 778, 781, Converge, 20, 668, 698
784, 786, 789, 790, 792, 793, 794, 796, 799,
802, 813, 814, 815, 816, 861, 878, 1078, 1469 Convergence, 20

Advanced Limit Monitoring, 780 Convergence Tolerance, 668

Advanced Modeling, 783 Converters, 398

Auto Insert Contingencies, 751 Converting Background Ellipses, 219

Compare Contingencies, 764 Converting Background Lines, 218

Load Contingencies, 754 Converting Background Rectangles, 220
Options, 777, 778 Coordinates, 111

Reference State, 745 Screen, 111

Saving Records, 757 Copy, 20, 35, 300, 323, 529, 559

Summary, 793 Copy All, 529, 559

Contingency Analysis Defining Contingencies, Copy All menu, 529

750 Copy Command, 35, 300, 323
Contingency Analysis Definitions, 743 Copy Oneline, 84
Contingency Analysis Results, 764, 794 Copy Selection, 529, 559
Contingency Analysis Tutorial, 815, 816, 1469 Copy Selection menu, 529
Contingency Blocks, 759, 760, 783 Copy Window, 84
Contingency Case References, 745, 748, 749 Copying, 84
Contingency Case References - State Copying Simulator Data, 529, 559
Information, 746 Cost, 144, 346, 350, 433, 612, 613, 615, 617,
Contingency Definition, 760, 766, 771, 773, 713, 720
775 Cost Curve, 144, 720
Contingency Element, 743 Cost Information, 346, 350, 433
Contingency Element Dialog, 760, 771, 775, Cost Models, 617
802, 813
Counter Flows, 857
Contingency Global Actions, 783
Create Equivalent, 285, 286

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1474

 Index

Creating, 16, 1413 Drawing Values, 310

New Case, 16 Default Drawing Options, 259
New Project, 1413, 1414 Default Drawing Options Dialog, 35, 36, 300,
Creating Injection Groups, 487 301, 310, 316, 323, 324
Criteria Dialog, 302 Default Drawing Values, 310, 315
Cross Compound Units, 145 Default Values, 309
CTG, 743, 815, 816, 1469 Define Expression, 538, 548
Current Zoom Level, 308, 319 Define Fields/Strings, 582
Curves, 353, 720 Define Layers, 317
Custom, 581, 850 Define Layers button, 317
Custom Case Information Display, 581, 583 Defining, 750
Custom Case Information Displays, 517, 582, Defining Contingencies, 750
583, 584, 586, 587 Definitions, 743
Custom Color Map, 850 Delete, 35, 36, 300, 301, 318, 323, 324
Custom Detail Dialog, 71 Object, 36, 301, 324
Custom Display, 583 Deleting Injection Groups, 490
Custom Expressions, 538, 548, 549, 787 Delphi, 1144, 1152, 1161
Custom Expressions Display, 549 Device Filtering, 543, 544, 546
Custom Hint Values, 722 Dialog, 302, 310
Custom Results Selection Dialog, 900 Difference, 730, 732, 733
Customize, 68, 70, 71, 74 Difference Case, 731, 732
Cut, 35, 300, 323 Difference Flows, 730, 731, 732, 733, 735
Digits, 315
D  Right, 315
Directions, 867, 868
Data LimitSet, 1365
Disable Balancing, 668
DC, 191, 396, 397, 398, 400, 591, 630, 631,
667, 678, 680 Disable Checking Gen VAR Limits, 669
DC Transmission Line, 393, 394 Disable Logging, 20
Actual Flow, 394 Disabled
Inverter Parameters, 393 Why is this field or line disabled, 518
DC Transmission Line Options, 389 Display, 36, 301, 319, 321, 324
DC Transmission Lines, 390, 392 Conditional, 319
Line Parameters, 390 Refresh, 527
Rectifier Parameters, 392 Display Detail, 71
Decimal, 315, 526 Display Grid Lines on Oneline, 305
Decimal places, 526 Display Log, 20
Decrease Decimals, 526 Display Object, 35, 36, 37, 67, 71, 174, 178,
300, 301, 302, 311, 321, 323, 324
Default, 259, 302, 307, 308, 310, 316, 317,
318, 319 Display Object Properties, 321
Background Color, 307 Display Objects, 180, 182, 186, 191, 193, 198,
200, 202, 209, 222, 254, 255

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1475

 Tutorials

Display Options, 81, 158, 307 Fault, 19, 348, 832, 836, 838, 841
Display/Column Options, 526 Submode, 19, 1320
Display/Size, 37, 311, 313, 321 Fault Analysis, 831, 832, 835, 836, 837, 840,
Display/Size Tab, 313, 321 841
Displays, 303, 308, 316, 507, 714 Field, 39, 302, 315, 331, 561
Color Dialog, 316 Field Options, 471
Distance, 708 Fields, 159, 160, 170, 172, 175, 181, 183, 185,
195, 199, 201, 204, 221, 224, 225, 265, 331,
Document, 212 384, 386, 387, 411, 419, 561
Document Links on Onelines, 212 Key Fields, 561
Drawing Options, 259 File, 128, 592, 1410
File Management Options, 693
E  File Menu, 128
Economic Dispatch Control, 701 File options, 20
ED, 668, 701 Save Log, 20
Edit, 17, 35, 36, 155, 300, 301, 302, 305, 310, Fill Color, 313, 316
317, 318, 319, 323, 324 Fill Options, 316
Edit Menu, 35, 36, 300, 301, 323, 324 Filter, 30, 265, 527, 531, 541, 542, 543, 544,
Edit Mode, 16, 17, 19, 35, 36, 37, 39, 68, 154, 546, 547, 557, 674
155, 159, 300, 301, 310, 311, 317, 318, 319, Find, 308, 523, 526, 553
323, 324, 328, 334, 338, 354, 361, 415, 421
Find Branches that Create Islands, 721
Edit Mode Introduction, 17
Find Dialog, 553
Edit Mode Overview, 17, 154
Find Records, 523
Edit Screen Layers, 318
Finding Records, 523, 553
Edit Toolbar, 35, 300, 323
Fixed Screen Size, 317
Edit Tools, 35, 300, 323
Flow Sensitivities, 869
Enter new keyword here, 631
Flow Visualization, 74
Environment, 666, 685
Flowgates, 207, 208
Equipment Mover, 254, 255
Flows, 70, 71, 74, 205, 869
Equivalencing, 285, 286
Font, 20, 37, 311, 313, 315, 317
Equivalencing Display, 262
choosing, 315
Equivalents, 262, 285
Font Properties, 315
Equivalents Display, 286
Font Tab, 37, 311, 313, 315
Excel, 529, 559, 1181
Form Control, 518
Export, 646, 705
Format, 37, 119, 129, 141, 303, 311, 313, 315,
Extra Monitors, 1093 317, 318, 319, 321, 526, 755
Extra Width, 305 Format Field Properties, 320
Format Menu, 318
F  Format Multiple Objects, 119, 313
F1 key, 11 Format Multiple Objects dialog, 317, 319, 321
Facility Analysis, 262, 293, 294, 296 Levels/Layers Tab, 319

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1476

 Index

Format Multiple Options dialog, 313 Generator Economic Curves, 720

open, 313 Generator Field Information, 340
Format Selection Dialog, 303, 313 Generator Fields, 181, 316, 340
Font Tab, 37, 311 Generator Information, 342, 346, 349, 350,
Levels/Layers Tab, 37, 311 428, 430, 433, 435, 436
Line/Fill Tab, 37, 311 Area, 349, 436
Format Toolbar, 37, 311 Costs, 346, 433
Free Floating Window, 13, 20, 62, 116 Owner, 349, 436
Front, 38, 312, 317 Zone, 349, 436
Bring, 317 Generator MW Marginal Cost, 615
Fuel Cost, 615 Generator Options, 338, 343, 348
Fuel Type, 616 Fault Parameters, 348
Full CTG Solution, 1077 MW Control, 343
Functional Description of Contour Options, 852 Generator Piecewise Linear, 617
Functions, 550 Generator Reactive Power Capability Curve,
353
Functions and Operators, 548, 549, 550
Generator Records, 610, 836
Generator Spinning Reserves, 592
G 
Generator/Load Cost Models, 612
Gauges, 39 Generators, 81, 159, 180, 181, 254, 255, 277,
gcd, 143 289, 340, 342, 350, 351, 353, 428, 431, 435,
486, 487, 490, 491, 493, 496, 497, 500, 591,
gcp, 142
596, 606, 610, 612, 613, 615, 617, 637, 639,
General, 681, 1284 641, 660, 692, 703, 720, 813, 836
General Script Actions, 19, 1284 Limits, 692
Generation Chart, 710 Generic Model Fields, 224
Generation Shift Factor, 880 Geographic Data View, 572
Generation Shift Factor Sensitivities, 880 Geographic Data View Styles, 579
Generator, 71, 145, 255, 338, 340, 342, 343, Fields and Attributes, 574
346, 348, 349, 350, 351, 353, 428, 430, 433,
General Display Options, 578
435, 436, 610, 612, 613, 615, 617, 692, 703,
720, 836 Geography/Coordinates, 97
Limits, 692 Get Column Metrics, 540
MW Limits, 692 Get Parameters, 1143, 1144, 1146, 1148,
1150, 1152, 1153, 1155, 1158, 1205
Ramp Limits, 692
GetParametersMultipleElementFlatOutput
Generator Capability Curves Format, 142
Function, 1157
Generator Cost, 610, 613
Getting, 16
Generator Cost Curve Data Options, 144
Started, 16
Generator Cost Data Format, 143
GIS, 94, 95, 96, 98, 105, 107, 108, 110
Generator Costs, 617
Great Circle Distance Calculation, 95
Generator Cubic Cost, 615
Map Projections, 90
Generator Display Objects, 180
GIS Shapefile Data, 99, 101, 102, 103

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1477

 Tutorials

Control, 99 I 
Format, 102
Identify Cross Compound Units, 145
Identify, 100
Images, 151, 524
Modify, 101
Immobile, 37, 311, 321
Shape List, 103
Impedance, 366, 403, 404, 449, 839
GIS Tools, 94, 95, 96, 105, 107, 108, 110
Impedance Correction Tables, 449
Closest Facilities to Point, 110
Import, 646, 705
Delete All Measure Lines, 108
Import PTI Subsystems Dialog, 495
Export Oneline as Shapefile, 105
Include, 1123
Great Circle Distance, 94
Include Suffix, 315
Insert Measure Line, 107
Increase Decimals, 526
Populate Lon,Lat with Display X,Y, 96
Increase/Decrease Decimals, 526
Shape File Import, 98
Indication, 39
Global, 759
inf, 147
Global Actions, 759, 783
Info/Interchange, 466
Governor, 738, 739
Initialize, 1411
Graph, 297, 709, 710, 711, 712
inj, 146
Graphic Formats, 150
Injection Groups, 71, 146, 486, 487, 490, 491,
Graphics, 151, 524 493, 495, 496, 498, 500, 592, 637, 639, 642,
Great Circle Distance Calculation, 95 1362
Great Circle Distance Dialog, 94 Import PTI Subsystems Dialog, 495
Grid, 305, 540, 567 Injection Groups Format, 146
Snap Objects, 305 Input Page, 893
Grid Metrics, 567 Insert, 39, 160, 203, 271, 274, 275, 277, 278,
279, 280, 281, 318, 483
Grid Metrics Dialog, 540
Area, 39
Grid/Highlight Unlinked Objects, 70, 305
Area/Zone, 39
Gridline Color, 305
Background, 39
Gridlines, 305
Directions, 868
GSF, 880
Display Objects, 39
Fields, 39
H 
Hyperlink, 39
Help, 11 Injection Group, 39
High Zoom Level, 319 Interface, 39
Highlight Unlinked Objects, 305 Link, 39
Highlighting, 305 Memo, 39
Unlinked Objects, 305 Picture, 39
Hourly Summary, 890, 892 Pie Charts, 39
Local Menu, 892 Screen Layer, 318
Text, 39

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1478

 Index

Zone, 39 choosing, 317

Insert Palettes, 271 Level, 37, 114, 302, 311, 316, 317, 319
Install, 1122 Background, 38, 312
Installing, 1122 Base, 38, 312
InterArea, 205 Middle, 38, 312, 317
Interchange, 597, 599 Top, 38, 312, 317
Interchange MW, 597, 599 Levels/Layers, 37, 311, 313, 317, 318, 319
Interface Data Format, 147 Levels/Layers Options, 317, 318
Interface Fields, 204, 481 Levels/Layers Tab, 37, 311, 313, 317, 319
Interface Information, 478, 480, 481, 482 Format Multiple Objects dialog, 319
Interface Limiters, 1108 Limit, 692, 1077
Interfaces, 71, 147, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, Limit Groups, 654, 692
280, 308, 456, 478, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, Limit Monitoring, 777, 778, 780
592, 634, 636, 773, 858, 1108, 1363
Limit Monitoring Settings, 648, 649, 654, 692,
Introduction, 4, 926 1077, 1110
Inverter Parameters, 393 Limit Monitoring Settings and Limit Violations
IOA, 615 Dialog, 649
Island Based AGC, 676 Limit Violations, 692
Island Slack Bus, 644 Limiters, 1108
Island-Based AGC, 667 Line, 35, 36, 37, 71, 257, 275, 300, 301, 302,
Islands, 592, 644, 676, 737, 739 311, 313, 316, 323, 324, 622, 624, 661, 837
Iterated Linear Step, 1077, 1109 Line Color, 316
Iterations, 20, 668, 698 Line Field Options, 384
Line Fields, 185, 316
J  Line Flow Gauge Options Dialog, 189
Line Flow Gauges, 188
Jacobian, 152, 662
Line Information, 382, 400
Line Loading Replicator, 724
K 
Line Outage Distribution Factors, 861
Key Field, 690 Line Per Unit Impedance Calculator Dialog, 366
Key Fields, 561 Line Shunt Display, 629
Keyboard Short Cut Actions Dialog, 120 Line Shunts, 365
Keyboard Shortcuts, 120 Line Shunts Information, 365
Line Taps, 256, 257
L  Line Thickness, 316
Line/Fill, 37, 311, 313, 316
Labels, 456, 459
Line/Fill Properties, 316
Layer, 37, 302, 311, 313, 317, 318, 319
Line/Fill Tab, 37, 311, 313, 316
Screen Stack, 38, 312
Line/Transformer Information, 439
Stack, 37, 311
Linear ATC, 1078, 1109
Layers, 114, 317, 319
Linear Calculation Method, 1078

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1479

 Tutorials

Linearized AC, 1078 Loss, 871

Lines, 773 Sensitivities, 871
Lines Buses and Interfaces Tab - Loss Sensitivities, 871
Contingencies Section, 774 Loss Sensitivity, 616
Lines/Transformers, 591, 837 Losses, 680, 711
Links, 210, 212 LTC Transformer, 379, 405, 443
Other Onelines, 210 LTC Transformers, 407, 445
List of Devices, 1159, 1161, 1163, 1165
ListOfDevicesAsVariantStrings Function, 1167 M 
ListOfDevicesFlatOutput Function, 1168
Maintain Fixed Screen Location, 317
Load, 82, 354, 358, 360, 437, 612, 619, 789,
813, 840 Maintain Fixed Screen Size, 317
Load Benefit Models, 620 Make Default, 315
Load Chart, 710 Make Default button, 315
Load Display Objects, 182 Make-Up Power Sources, 813, 814
Load Field Information, 358 Map Projections, 90
Load Fields, 183, 316, 358, 789 Matrix Grids, 894
Load Flow, 21 Max Flow Min Cut, 296, 297
Load ID, 619 Memo, 21, 470
Load Information, 437 Memo Display, 21
Load Modeling, 360 Memo Text, 223
Load Multiplier, 597, 599 Menus, 128
Load NERC Flowgates, 207 Merging Buses, 251
Load Options, 354, 356, 357 Message Log, 20, 27, 53, 698
Load Information, 356 Print, 20
OPF Load Dispatch, 357 Save, 20
Load Schedules, 597, 599 Show, 20
Load State, 1169, 1170 Using, 20
Load Status, 619 Metrics, 540, 567
Load Throw Over, 789 Microsoft Excel, 529
Load Variation, 597, 599 Middle, 38, 312, 317
Loading NERC Flowgates, 207 Level, 317
Loads, 159, 182, 183, 254, 255, 278, 289, 354, Minimal, 71
358, 437, 456, 486, 487, 490, 491, 493, 496, Minimal Show, 71
497, 500, 591, 596, 612, 619, 620, 637, 639,
Minimum Highlighted Object Pixel Size, 305
641, 659, 813, 840
Minimum Sensitivity, 668
Local Menu, 68, 518
Mismatch, 608
Local Menus, 587
Model Conditions, 674, 1368
LODF, 861, 863, 865, 1077
Model Conditions Dialog, 556
Log, 20, 27, 53
Model Conditions Display, 556
Windows, 20
Model Criteria, 674

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1480

 Index

Model Explorer, 504, 588 N 

Explore Pane, 504
NERC, 207, 208
Fields Pane, 505
Network, 39, 504
Recent Tabs, 505
Network Cut, 265, 266
Model Expressions, 786
New, 136, 137
Model Fields, 224
New Case, 16, 17, 136
Model Filters, 557, 674, 1370
Creating, 16
Model Object, 67
New Oneline, 17, 137
Modeling, 360, 556, 557, 612, 613, 617, 620,
New Timepoint Dialog, 906
737, 777, 783
Newton, 59, 60, 695, 696
Models, 556, 613, 674
Newton-Raphson, 670, 698
Moderate Show, 71
Nomogram Display, 636
Modify, 16, 313, 316, 317, 318, 319, 321
Nomogram Information, 484
Orientation, 321
Nomogram Interface Limiters, 1108
Size, 321
Nomograms, 484, 636
Mouse, 3, 13, 71
Mouse Wheel Zooming, 71
O 
Movie Maker, 89
Multiple Display Fields, 160 O&M, 615
Multiple Scenario, 1108 Objects, 21, 35, 36, 39, 67, 70, 71, 254, 264,
Multiple Scenario Analysis, 1078, 1098 300, 301, 302, 308, 310, 313, 315, 316, 317,
318, 319, 321, 323, 324, 526, 1194
Multiple Scenario ATC Analysis - Results Tab
Local Menu Options, 1105 Area, 308

Multiple Scenario ATC Dialog Results Tab, Area/Zone, 308

1103 Background Objects, 213, 215, 216, 217,
Multiple Scenario ATC Dialog Scenarios Tab, 221, 222, 224, 316
1100 Bus, 308
Multi-Section Lines, 192, 382, 596, 624, 1375 Display, 35, 36, 300, 301, 323, 324
Multi-Terminal, 396, 397, 398, 400, 631 Find, 308
Mutual, 838, 839 Zone, 308
Mutual Impedance, 838, 839 Observing, 317
MVA flow, 73 oneline, 317
Mvar, 71, 407, 445 Off-Nominal, 404
Mvar Control, 407, 445 Oneline, 35, 37, 39, 66, 67, 70, 71, 79, 81, 83,
MVR flow, 73 111, 112, 119, 122, 134, 139, 140, 150, 158,
169, 170, 210, 268, 300, 302, 305, 307, 308,
MW, 71, 73, 707, 712 311, 315, 317, 318, 319, 321, 323, 687, 714,
MW Control, 343 717
MW Distance, 707 Browsing Path, 688
MW Marginal Cost, 615 Conditional Display, 112, 119
MW Transactions, 597, 599, 645, 712 Coordinates, 687
MW/MVR, 71

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1481

 Tutorials

Diagrams, 66, 71, 122, 134, 158, 169, 170, Constraints, 1068
172, 174, 175, 181, 183, 186, 187, 260, 307 Controls, 1066
Display, 70, 71, 81, 158, 305, 307 Example, 1073
Diagrams, 190 Objective Function, 1070
Display Options, 687 Overview, 1064
Displays, 714, 717 Reserve Requirement Curves, 1069
Exporting, 150 Reserves Bids, 1067
File, 685 Results and Pricing, 1071
Font, 687 Topics, 1065
Links, 72, 210 Optimal Power Flow, 435, 469, 636, 702, 740,
Options, 71, 81, 119, 158, 307, 317, 319, 986
687 Constraints, 988, 989, 990, 992, 993, 1000
Save, 687 Controls, 987, 998, 1002, 1013, 1029, 1030
Screen Coordinates, 111 Data, 994, 997, 1005
Size, 687 Example, 996, 1031, 1034, 1035, 1037
Text Fields, 221 LP OPF, 995, 1008, 1009, 1010
Visualizing, 687 Options, 997, 998, 1000, 1002, 1005, 1008,
Oneline Display Options, 70, 97 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014
Geography/Coordinates, 97 Records, 994, 1015, 1017, 1018, 1021, 1022,
Open, 20, 133, 134, 135, 302, 313, 317, 1416 1023, 1025, 1027
Project, 1416 Options, 20, 71, 158, 259, 302, 305, 307, 308,
310, 313, 316, 318, 319, 526, 666, 667, 668,
Screen Layers list, 317 676, 678, 681, 682, 685, 689, 699, 708, 737
Open Case, 1171, 1172 Options/Tools, 70, 83, 307, 310, 709, 735, 869
Operators, 550 Orientation, 313, 321
OPF, 357, 435, 469, 636, 702, 740, 986 Orientation Setting, 321
Constraints, 988, 989, 990, 992, 993, 1000 OTDF, 1093
Controls, 987, 998, 1002, 1013, 1029, 1030 Other Applications, 559
Data, 994, 997, 1005 Other Display Object Properties, 321
Example, 996, 1031, 1034, 1035, 1037 Out of Service Elements, 687
Load Dispatch Options, 357 Outages, 596
LP OPF, 995, 1008, 1009, 1010 Out-of-Service Elements, 72
Options, 997, 998, 1000, 1002, 1005, 1008, Visualizing, 72
1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014
Overheated Lines, 692
Records, 994, 1015, 1017, 1018, 1021, 1022,
1023, 1025, 1027 Overview, 66, 154, 270, 293, 486, 496, 927,
986, 1039, 1410
OPF Control, 702
Owned, 659, 660, 661
OPF DC Lines Records, 1024
Owned Bus Records, 658
OPF Options Advanced Options, 1004
Owned Generator Records, 660
OPF Options and Results, 997
Owned Line Records, 661
OPF Reserves
Owned Load Records, 659
Case Information Display, 1072

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1482

 Index

Owner, 349, 436, 541, 656, 657, 658, 659, Pie Chart Style, 73
660, 661, 1378 Pie Charts, 70, 73, 187, 206, 482
Owner Display Objects, 167 Pie Charts/Gauges General Options, 230
Owner Display Options Dialog, 168 Pie Charts/Gauges Interfaces, 228
Owner Fields on Onelines, 173 Pie Charts/Gauges Lines, 226
Owners, 541 Pies, 39
Populate Lon,Lat with Display X,Y, 96
P  Popup menu, 318
Palettes, 270, 271 Post Power Flow, 668, 674
Pan, 3, 50, 112, 308, 317 Post-contingency, 1110
Zoom, 112 Potential Misplacements Dialog, 255
Pan/Zoom, 113, 308 Power Control, 430
New Location, 309 Power Flow, 20, 593, 595, 608, 667, 668, 680,
698, 739, 789, 856
Pan/Zoom Control, 113, 308
Submode, 1312
Panning, 308
Visualize, 856
Participation Factor Control, 701
Power Flow List, 593, 595
Participation Factors, 351, 611, 701, 703, 739
Power Flow Solution, 3, 20, 646, 666, 667,
Participation Points, 496, 497, 500, 641
668, 674, 676, 678, 680, 681, 682, 685, 691,
Paste, 35, 36, 300, 301, 323, 324, 529, 530, 692, 698, 701, 705, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711,
559 712, 713, 714, 717, 737, 739, 789, 861
Paste Buffer, 35, 36, 300, 301, 323, 324 Power Flow Solution Advanced Options, 671
Paste Format Dialog, 314 Power Flow Solution Message Log, 683
Path, 72, 333 Power Flow Solution Actions, 668
Browsing, 72 Power System Model, 35, 36, 67, 300, 301,
Pathname, 592 323, 324, 360, 456, 556, 557, 612, 613, 617,
620
Pause, 27, 53, 89
Power System Scaling, 289
Per Unit, 366, 403
Power Technologies, 754
Phase, 404, 409, 447, 626
Power Technology, 755
Phase Shift, 404, 409, 447
Power Transfer Distribution Factors, 856, 857,
Pie Chart / Gauge Dialogs, 231
1077
Pie Chart / Gauge Example, 242
PowerFlow, 19
Pie Chart / Gauge Style Dialog, 234
Submode, 19, 1312
Pie Chart / Gauge Style Dialog - Gauge
PowerPoint, 84
Parameters Tab, 240
PowerWorld, 11, 16, 1194
Pie Chart / Gauge Style Dialog - Open
Parameters Tab, 238 PowerWorld Corporation, 11
Pie Chart / Gauge Style Dialog - Pie Chart PowerWorld Project, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413,
Parameters Tab, 239 1414, 1416
Pie Chart / Gauge Style Dialog - Standard PowerWorld Simulator, 11, 16
Parameters Tab, 236 Present Case, 730, 731, 732, 733, 735
Pie Chart Relative, 73 Present Topological Differences, 735

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1483

 Tutorials

Presentations, 84 Sorting, 518, 522, 527

Pre-Transfer Value Estimate, 1110 Rectangle Selector, 313
Prevent Controller Oscillations, 670 Rectangular Selector, 313
Print, 122, 123, 125 Rectifier Parameters, 392
Print Message Log, 20 Reference State, 745
Print Options, 123 Refresh, 62, 71, 116, 245, 527
Print Title Bar, 123 Refresh Anchors, 245
Print Window, 123 Refresh Display, 527
Printer Setup, 125 Regulation, 610
Printing, 122, 123, 125 Relationship Between Display Objects, 35, 36,
ProcessAuxFile, 1173, 1174 300, 301, 323, 324
Project, 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1416 Relinking, 305
Properties, 305, 315, 316, 321 Remote Regulation, 606, 610
Display Object, 321 Remote Regulation Viability, 698
PSS/E, 754, 755, 757 Remotely Regulated, 606, 610
PSS/E Load Throw Over Files, 756 Renumber Areas/Zones/Substations Dialog,
250
PTDF, 3, 486, 707, 856, 857, 861, 866, 867,
868, 874, 1077, 1093, 1110 Renumbering, 246, 247, 249
Directions, 867 Report Violations, 780
Publish, 151, 524 Report Writing, 777, 790
PV, 927, 928, 929, 946, 952, 955, 958, 960, RequestBuildDate Property, 1193
981, 983 Required Field, 527, 690
Options, 931, 932, 935, 943, 944, 949, 977, Required Fields, 563
984 Resize, 37, 311, 313, 317
Submode, 19, 1321 Resizing, 317
Restore, 682
Q  Restore Default Values, 309
Quick Access Toolbar, 26 Restore Last Solution, 682
Quick Power Flow List, 537, 558, 593, 595 Restore State, 682
QV, 958, 960, 961, 963, 966, 968, 970, 978, Result Tab, 1108
979, 981, 983 Results, 895
Options, 943, 949, 965, 977, 984 Constraints, 895
Submode, 19, 1323 Results Grid Pages, 901
Ribbon, 23
R  Case Information, 30
Range, 558 Draw, 34, 157
Range of Numbers, 558 Clipboard, 35, 300, 323
Reactive Power Capability, 353 Formatting, 314
Recently Opened Cases, 135 Individual Insert, 39
Records, 67, 522, 523, 529 Quick Insert, 41
Select, 43, 304

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1484

 Index

Onelines S 
Active, 46
Save, 20, 50, 114, 138, 139, 152, 560, 1177,
Onelines, 44 1179
Onelines Save Case, 560, 1177
Zoom, 50 Save Case Information Data, 560
Options, 51 Save Hidden Layers, 115
Quick Access Toolbar, 26 Save Log, 20
Tools, 53 Save View, 50, 114
Tools Save/Edit/Delete, 114
Edit Mode, 55 Saving NERC Flowgates, 208
Tools Scaling, 289, 558
Other Tools, 56 Schedules, 597, 599
Tools SCOPF, 435, 469, 636, 701, 740, 1039, 1040,
Run Mode, 58 1041, 1042, 1043, 1048, 1050, 1052, 1053,
1057
Window, 62, 116
Constraints, 1044, 1045, 1046
Right-clicking, 318
Controls, 1048, 1058
oneline, 318
Example, 1059, 1062, 1063
Run, 18, 20
LP, 1052, 1055, 1056
Run Mode, 18, 19, 72, 423, 426, 428, 437,
439, 450, 454, 856, 1304 LP OPF, 995, 1008, 1009, 1010
Difference Flows, 731, 732, 733, 735 OPF Constraints, 988, 989, 990, 992, 993,
1000
Fault Analysis, 831, 832, 835, 836, 837, 840,
841 OPF Controls, 987, 998, 1002, 1013, 1029,
1030
Governor Power Flow, 737, 738, 739
OPF Data, 994, 997, 1005
Introduction, 18
OPF Example, 996, 1031, 1034, 1035, 1037
LODF, 861, 863
OPF Options, 997, 998, 1000, 1002, 1005,
Options, 738
1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014
Script, 1304
OPF Records, 994, 1015, 1017, 1018, 1021,
Sensitivities, 869, 871, 880 1022, 1023, 1025, 1027
Tools, 720, 737, 740, 759, 786, 813, 856, Screen Coordinates, 111
861, 874, 880
Screen Layer Options, 319
Tools & Options, 89, 720, 731, 732, 733,
Screen Layer Options dialog, 318
735, 737, 739, 740, 744, 745, 751, 754, 755,
757, 759, 760, 762, 763, 764, 766, 769, 771, Screen Layers, 318, 319
773, 775, 777, 778, 780, 783, 786, 789, 790, Screen Layers list, 317
792, 793, 794, 796, 799, 802, 813, 814, 831,
open, 317
832, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 856,
857, 861, 863, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 871, Screen Location, 308, 317
874, 875, 878, 880 Screen Size, 317
RunScriptCommand, 1175, 1176 Fixed, 317
Script Command Execution Dialog, 19
Script Command Execution Window, 19

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1485

 Tutorials

Script Commands, 19 Data, 1384

Script General Actions, 19, 1284 Data, 1385
Script Mode, 19, 27, 53, 1278, 1280, 1282, Data, 1386
1297, 1325, 1329 Data, 1387
Actions, 1284, 1297, 1299, 1304, 1312, Data, 1388
1316, 1318, 1320, 1321, 1323
Data, 1389
Data, 1336, 1337
Data, 1391
Data, 1325, 1326, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332,
1333, 1334 Data, 1392

Data, 1338 Data, 1393

Data, 1339 Data, 1394

Data, 1340 Data, 1395

Data, 1341 Data for Display Auxiliary Files, 1380, 1396,
1397, 1398, 1400, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404,
Data, 1342 1405, 1406, 1407
Data, 1348 Files, 1278, 1281, 1282, 1325
Data, 1349 Script, 1280, 1282, 1284, 1297, 1299, 1304,
Data, 1350 1312, 1316, 1318, 1320, 1321, 1323
Data, 1351 Script Mode Introduction, 19
Data, 1352 Search, 505, 526, 555
Data, 1353 Security Constrained OPF, 435, 469, 636, 701,
Data, 1355 740, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1048,
1050, 1052, 1053, 1057
Data, 1357
Constraints, 1044, 1045, 1046
Data, 1358
Controls, 1048, 1058
Data, 1360
Example, 1059, 1062, 1063
Data, 1361
LP, 1052, 1055, 1056
Data, 1362
LP OPF, 995, 1008, 1009, 1010
Data, 1363
OPF Constraints, 988, 989, 990, 992, 993,
Data, 1365 1000
Data, 1366 OPF Controls, 987, 998, 1002, 1013, 1029,
Data, 1367 1030
Data, 1368 OPF Data, 994, 997, 1005
Data, 1369 OPF Example, 996, 1031, 1034, 1035, 1037
Data, 1370 OPF Options, 997, 998, 1000, 1002, 1005,
Data, 1371 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014
Data, 1375 OPF Records, 994, 1015, 1017, 1018, 1021,
1022, 1023, 1025, 1027
Data, 1376
Select, 36, 301, 302, 316, 317, 321, 324
Data, 1377
Select By Criteria, 302, 313
Data, 1378
Select OK, 316
Data, 1381
Selected group, 303
Data, 1382
Selected objects, 265, 302
Data, 1383

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1486

 Index

Selecting Format, 316 Delphi, 1144, 1152, 1161

Seller, 1078, 1093 Functions, 1128, 1129, 1139, 1141, 1143,
Send, 38, 312, 317 1150, 1158, 1159, 1169, 1171, 1173, 1175,
1177, 1179, 1181, 1183
Back, 38, 312, 317
Get Parameters, 1143, 1144, 1146, 1148,
Send All to Excel, 530 1150, 1152, 1153, 1155, 1158, 1205
Send to Excel, 530 List of Devices, 1159, 1161, 1163, 1165
Sensitivities, 764, 863, 869, 871, 875, 880 ListOfDevicesAsVariantStrings, 1167
Sensitivity Calculations, 765 ListOfDevicesFlatOutput, 1168
Sequence Data Format, 148 Load State, 1169, 1170
Series Capacitor, 198, 381, 386 MATLAB, 1146, 1153, 1163
Fields, 386 Open Case, 1171, 1172
Series Capacitor Fields, 199 ProcessAuxFile, 1173, 1174
Set Custom Detail, 71 Properties, 1186, 1187, 1189, 1191
Set Generator Participation Factors, 351, 703 RunScriptCommand, 1175, 1176
Setting, 307 Sample Code, 1131, 1134, 1137, 1140, 1142,
Background Color, 307 1144, 1146, 1148, 1152, 1153, 1155, 1161,
Setting Default Drawing Options, 259 1163, 1165, 1170, 1172, 1174, 1176, 1178,
1180, 1182, 1184, 1188, 1190, 1192
Shape File Import, 98
VB, 1148, 1155, 1165
Shapefile, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103
Version 9.0, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1198, 1200,
Database Record Dialog, 104 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207,
Export Oneline as Shapefile, 105 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214
GIS Shapefile Data Control, 99 Simulation, 20, 133
GIS Shapefile Data Format, 102 Simulation Control, 27, 53, 59, 695
GIS Shapefile Data Identify, 100 Simulator Options, 666
GIS Shapefile Data Modify, 101 Single Linear Step, 1077
GIS Shapefile Data Shape List, 103 Single Solution, 59, 60, 668, 695, 696
Shortcuts, 120 Size, 71, 313, 315, 317, 321, 526
Shortest Path Between Elements, 333 modify, 321
Show Animated Flows, 74 Size/color, 316
Show Fields Primary, 584 Slack, 592
Show Fields Secondary, 586 Slack Bus, 329, 592, 671
Show ThumbNail View, 77 Slide Presentations, 84
Shunts, 159, 186, 200, 254, 255, 279, 289, Snap Objects, 305
365, 415, 450, 632, 841 Grid, 305
SimAuto, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1126, 1127, Solution, 20, 608, 646, 666, 667, 668, 674,
1128, 1130, 1133, 1134, 1136, 1137, 1167, 676, 678, 680, 681, 682, 685, 691, 692, 698,
1168, 1186, 1194 702, 705, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713,
ChangeParametersMultipleElement, 1133 716, 717, 744
ChangeParametersMultipleElementFlatInput, Solution Options, 666, 667, 668, 676, 678,
1136 681, 682, 685, 689, 698, 708, 737, 739, 744
ChangeParametersSingleElement, 1130 Solving, 698

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1487

 Tutorials

Sort, 522, 527 Supplemental Classification, 87

Sorting, 518, 522, 527 Supplemental Data, 87
Records, 529 Creating Records, 87
Sorting Records, 522 Fields, 225
Special Data Sections, 1402 Linking Display Objects, 88
Specifying and Maintaining a List of Switched Shunt, 82, 200, 415, 419, 450, 632,
Timepoints, 905 841
Spinning Reserves, 592 Switched Shunt Fields, 201, 316, 419
Splitting Buses, 252, 253 Switched Shunt Information, 415, 419, 450,
Stability, 927 841
Stack, 37, 311, 313, 317 Switched Shunts, 201, 254, 255, 279, 415,
419, 450, 456, 591, 596, 841
Stack Level, 37, 311, 313, 317
System Scaling, 289
Status Bar, 22
Storage, 667, 682
T 
Submenu, 69
Submode, 19 Tap, 256, 626
Submodes, 19 Tapping Transmission Lines, 256
ATC, 19 Taps, 257
Case, 19 Terms, 111
Contingency, 19 x-y, 111
Fault, 19 Text, 71, 221, 222, 316, 317, 526, 555
PowerFlow, 19 Text Fields, 221
PV, 19 Text/font, 313
QV, 19 Three Winding Transformers, 196, 413, 628
Substation, 70, 71, 81, 179, 308, 336, 609, Throw Over, 789
717 Thumbnail, 70, 77
Field Options, 336 Background, 78
Fields, 179 Size, 78
Object, 308 Thumbnail View, 70, 77
Substation Display, 81, 717 Tie Lines, 468
Substation Display Options, 81 Tie Lines between Areas, 600
Substation Field Options, 336 Tie Lines between Zones Display, 602
Substation Fields on Onelines, 179 Time Step Simulation, 882, 883, 885, 888, 889,
Substation Information, 334, 426 890, 893, 894, 895, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902,
905, 906, 907, 908, 909, 911, 912, 913, 915,
Substation Records, 609
916, 918, 920, 921, 924
Substation View, 537, 717
Binding Constraint Dialog, 898
Substations, 178, 281, 334, 426, 717
Change Timepoint Time Dialog, 907
Super Area, 172, 473, 476, 603
Custom Results Selection Dialog, 900
Super Area Display Objects, 165
Dialog, 885
Super Area Display Options Dialog, 166
Hourly Summary, 890
Super Area Information, 473, 476

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1488

 Index

Input Page, 893 Transfer Limiters, 1098, 1108

Insert/Scale Column Dialog, 909 Transfer Limiters Display, 1108
Loading Hourly Input Data, 911 Transfer Result Reporting Options, 1085
Matrix Grids, 894 Transformer AVR Dialog, 379, 405, 443
New Timepoint Dialog, 906 Transformer Control, 377, 401
Options, 902 Transformer Fields, 195, 316
Pages, 889 Transformer Impedance Correction, 404
Quick Start, 883 Transformer Impedance Correction Tables, 449
Results, 899 Transformer Options, 361
Results Grid Pages, 901 Transformer Phase Shifting, 409, 447
Results: Constraints, 895 Transformers, 159, 186, 193, 195, 196, 254,
Running a Timed Simulation, 920 255, 361, 365, 377, 379, 387, 401, 403, 404,
405, 407, 409, 411, 413, 439, 443, 445, 447,
Running OPF and SCOPF, 921 449, 591, 622, 624, 626, 628, 654, 661, 692,
Schedule Dialog, 913 837
Schedule Subscription Dialog, 916 Control, 377, 401
Schedule Subscriptions Page, 918 Fields, 387, 411
Schedules Page, 915 Transient Stability, 1238, 1239, 1241, 1242,
Setting up Scheduled Input Data, 912 1244, 1245, 1247, 1249, 1252, 1256, 1260,
1262, 1264, 1266, 1268, 1269, 1271, 1273,
Specifying and Maintaining a List of 1275
Timepoints, 905
Transmission Line, 393, 394
Storing Input Data and Results, 924
DC Actual Flow, 394
Toolbar, 888
DC Inverter Parameters, 393
TSB Case Description Page, 908
Transmission Line Information, 837
TLR, 874, 875, 878, 880
Transmission Line Options, 361
TLR Multiple Device Type, 878
Transmission Line Parameter Calculator, 367
TLR sensitivities, 874, 875
Transmission Line Transformer Options
TLR Sensitivities, 880 Display, 363
Toggle Full Screen, 69 Transmission Line/Transformer Options, 364,
Tools, 307, 310 377, 381, 401
Top, 38, 312, 317 Parameters/Display, 364
level, 317 Series Capacitor, 381
Topological Differences, 735 Transformer Control, 377, 401
Topology Processing, 1215, 1217, 1218, 1219, Transmission Lines, 184, 185, 191, 192, 193,
1220, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1226, 1228, 254, 255, 275, 361, 365, 384, 389, 390, 392,
1229, 1230, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234, 1235, 439, 591, 622, 624, 630, 654, 661, 692, 837
1237 DC, 389
Total Digits, 315 DC Line Parameters, 390
Transactions, 597, 599, 645, 646, 705, 712 DC Rectifier Parameters, 392
Transfer, 1098, 1108 Fields, 384
Transfer Limit, 1108 Transmission Loading Relief, 874, 875, 878,
Transfer Limit For Scenario, 1098 880

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1489

 Tutorials

Transmission Loading Relief Sensitivities, 874, User-Defined Case Information, 504, 508, 588
875, 880 Using Difference Flows, 733
Turns Ratio, 404 Using the Oneline Alignment Grid, 306
Tutorial, 16, 815, 816, 1469
Contingency Analysis - Page 10, 829 V 
Contingency Analysis - Page 11, 830
Validate, 20
Contingency Analysis - Page 4, 821
Variable O&M, 615
Contingency Analysis - Page 5, 823
View, 50, 70, 77, 114, 158, 210, 714
Contingency Analysis - Page 6, 824
View Name, 114
Contingency Analysis - Page 7, 826
Violations, 780
Contingency Analysis - Page 8, 827
Visualize, 856, 858
Contingency Analysis - Page 9, 828
Power Flows, 856, 858
Tutorial Contingency Analysis, 815, 1469
PTDFs, 856
Tutorial Creating a New Case, 1418
Visualizing, 72, 687
Tutorial Solving an OPF, 1462
Out-of-Service Elements, 72
Tutorial Starting with an Existing Case, 1447
Voltage Adequacy, 927
Tutorial Contingency Analysis, 816
Voltage Control, 430
Tutorials, 815, 1418, 1419, 1421, 1423, 1424,
1427, 1429, 1431, 1433, 1436, 1438, 1442, Voltage Gauges, 176, 177
1444, 1447, 1448, 1449, 1450, 1451, 1452, Voltage Sensitivities, 869
1453, 1454, 1455, 1456, 1457, 1458, 1459,
Voltage Stability, 927
1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1465, 1466,
1467, 1469
W 
U  Warning, 73
Uncheck, 321 Warning Color, 73
Anchored, 321 Warning Percent, 73
Undo, 325 Default values, 73
Unit Type, 616 Warning Size Scalar field, 73
Unlinked Display Objects, 264 Web, 11
Unlinked Objects, 264, 305 Web Publishing, 151, 524
Highlighting, 305 Weighted Transmission Loading Relief, 879
Unused Bus Numbers, 269 Why is this field or line disabled, 518
Use, 321 Wind Control Mode, 343
Display/Size Tab, 321 Window, 13, 20, 529
Use Absolute Values, 71 Windows Basics, 13
Mvar, 71 Word, 84
MW, 71 Word Processor, 84
Use Area/Zone/Owner Filters, 30, 527, 531
Use Background Fill, 316 X 
Use Conditional Display, 319 X Grid Spacing, 305

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1490

 Index

XF, 626 Zone Fields, 170

x-y, 111, 114 Zone Information, 421, 454
Zones, 456, 541, 592, 634
Y  Zoom, 37, 50, 71, 73, 77, 112, 302, 305, 308,
311, 317, 318, 319
Y Grid Spacing, 305
Area, 50
Ybus, 152, 663
In, 50
Levels, 50, 73, 77, 112, 114, 302, 305, 317,
Z  318, 319
Zero Sequence, 838 Out, 50
Zone, 170, 302, 308, 349, 421, 436, 454, 541 Pan, 112
Object, 308 Percentage, 73
Zone Display Objects, 163 Toolbar, 50
Zone Display Options Dialog, 164 Zoom/Pan/Find, 112, 308, 317

©2009 PowerWorld Corporation 1491