Learning Area SCIENCE Grade Level 10

W3 Quarter THIRD Date

I. LESSON TITLE COORDINATION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE

HOMEOSTASIS
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING Describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates these feedback mechanisms to
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) maintain homeostasis S10LT-IIIc-36
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanism
Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Timeframe
Learning Activities
A. Introduction In the previous lessons, you have learned how our reproductive system coordinates
Panimula with our endocrine system to perform their functions. However, have you ever thought of
which organ or organ system is more responsible for coordinating these body systems?
At the end of this lesson you will be able to:
- describe the function of the brain.
- explain homeostasis.
- cite examples of feedback mechanisms regulated by the brain.

The Nervous System

The Nervous System controls and coordinates the activities of all your body parts. All
actions and thoughts are coordinated with the different complex organs and nerves which
enables us to receive stimuli and respond to these stimuli. The Central Nervous System
(CNS) receives information from the sense organs, interprets this information, and generates
responses. The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS) connects the Central Nervous System (CNS) to the other parts of the body.
The PNS consists of the different types of nerves. Cranial nerves are nerves that are directly
connected to the brain. Spinal nerves, on the other hand, are nerves that are connected to the
spinal cord. These nerves always go in pairs. The PNS has two divisions: Somatic Nervous
System and Autonomic Nervous System. Somatic Nervous System is responsible for actions
that we can control or actions we are conscious of. The Autonomic Nervous System, on the
other hand, are responsible for the involuntary functions of our body.

The Brain
Your brain is the control center of our body. It is responsible for our learning,
thinking, remembering, monitoring our surroundings, interpreting stimulus and responding
to it. This 3-pound organ, which consists of about 10 billion neurons, is protected by the
skull. Our brain is composed of 3 main parts: the cerebrum, cerebellum and the brain stem.
The cerebrum is the large upper region of the brain that is divided into 4 lobes and 2
hemispheres. The right and left hemispheres are connected by a bundle of tissue called
corpus callosum. The 4 lobes of the brain, which are the frontal, temporal, parietal and
occipital lobes perform specialized functions. The cerebellum is the little brain located
beneath the back portion of the cerebrum. It is responsible for the voluntary movement of
the body. The brain stem, which is also known as the "lower brain" is responsible for the
involuntary life functions such as heartbeat, breathing and digestion.

Nerves
The basic functional unit of the nervous system is a neuron or a nerve cell. This a
specialized cell which consists of a cell body and several nerve fibers. These nerve fibers are
 Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Timeframe
Learning Activities
called dendrites (carry impulses towards the cell body) and axon (carries impulses away
from the cell body).

https://maken.wikiwijs.nl/95908/flashmediaelement.swf#!page-3001026

Your nervous system is made up of hundreds of billions of neurons. A group of

neurons working together is called a nerve Nerves are also classified according to their
function. Autonomic nerves are nerves that control the involuntary functions of our body
like breathing and our heart beat. Motor nerves are the ones that control our voluntary
functions like our movement. Sensory nerves are nerves that receive stimulus or information
from our sense organs.

Learning Task 1. Brain Teaser

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.

___ 1. The division of Nervous System that serves as the main processing center for entire
nervous system is called _________________.
A. Central Nervous System C. Somatic Nervous System
B. Peripheral Nervous System D. Autonomic Nervous System
___ 2. The part of neuron that transmits impulse towards the cell body is _____.
A. neurotransmitter B. axon C. nucleus D. dendrites
___ 3. The part of neuron that transmits impulse away from the cell body is ___.
A. neurotransmitter B. axon C. nucleus D. dendrites
___ 4. Which part of the brain is the largest and is divided into 4 lobes?
A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. brain stem D. spinal cord
___ 5. Which part of the brain that controls, posture, balance and coordination?
A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. brain stem D. spinal cord
___ 6. Which part of the brain controls the involuntary activities such as breathing,
digestion, and heart rate?
A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. brain stem D. spinal cord
C. Development Do you remember your lesson in the Endocrine System? The Endocrine System is
Pagpapaunlad composed of many glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones to the blood
vessels to regulate the different activities of the body. Remember that Nervous System also
regulates and controls life functions. However, Nervous System transmits messages by
electrical signals that pass-through neurons. Moreover, there is this one particular part of the
brain where the Nervous System and Endocrine System shake hands—this is the
hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a small gland located at the base of the brain. It
regulates the activities of the body, metabolism and reproduction.

Study the table below to recall the different endocrine glands and their functions.
 Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Timeframe
Learning Activities

Do you ever wonder why you chill whenever you’re feeling cold and you sweat
whenever you’re feeling hot? This is your body’s mechanism to maintain balance. This is
called homeostasis.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of internal balance in an organism despite changes in
the environment. This mechanism is responsible for regulation and maintenance of the
internal environment of our body. Communicating systems of the body responds
immediately to change from different conditions or internal environment. Since the Nervous
System and Endocrine System are both carrying information to all parts of the body, they
are considered as the communicating systems. Through nerve impulse and hormones, they
dictate to the target cell or organs in the body how to respond with internal and external
changes.
There are so many factors in our body that should be maintained to a “set-point” or
normal levels like our temperature, fluids, nutrients and more. Feedback mechanisms help
keep these things balanced (homeostasis). These are negative feedback and positive
feedback loops. Negative Feedback is a control system that reduces or even stops the body
from producing change when favorable or stable conditions are met. On the other hand,
Positive Feedback is a control system that causes the end products of an action to produce
more of that action to occur in the feedback loop.
To maintain homeostasis, coordination between the nervous system and the endocrine
system is essential.

PARTS OF THE FEEDBACK LOOP

1. Stimulus – something that disrupts the body’s homeostasis.
2. Sensor – detects the change in homeostasis.
3. Control Center – part of the body that responds to the change and takes action. The
pituitary gland in the brain is the control center.
4. Effector – any organ or cell that ultimately responds to the stimulus.
5. Response – a response from the effector balances out the original stimulus to maintain
homeostasis.

Study the following negative feedback loops on how our body maintain homeostasis.
 Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Timeframe
Learning Activities
 Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Timeframe
Learning Activities

Learning Task 2. Who’s in Charged?

Direction: Fill the shapes below with words from the box to complete the feedback loops.
A. Blood Calcium Level

Blood Ca level
Rising blood Ca
declines to a set- Parathyroid Hormone Bones Parathyroid Gland
level
point

Blood Ca level
Falling blood Ca
Thyroid Gland rising to a set- Calcitonin Bones
level
point

B. Blood Glucose Level

 Suggested
IV. LEARNING PHASES Timeframe
Learning Activities

Rising blood Blood glucose level

Insulin Pancreas Glucagon
glucose level rises to normal

Blood glucose level Declining blood

Liver Pancreas Liver
falls to normal glucose level

D. Engagement Learning Task 3. Diabetes (or Cancer) Awareness

Pakikipagpalihan Diabetes is a disease caused by very high blood sugar level. Tumor on the
Parathyroid glands is caused by Hyperparathyroidism or when there is too high calcium
level on the blood. How can we avoid these diseases?
1. Choose one disease you would like to discuss.

Diabetes

Parathyroid Cancer
2. Choose one media presentation you would like to use.
poster

brochure

3. Promote awareness about your chosen disease by discussing its causes, symptoms,
treatment and suggested lifestyle.
E. Assimilation Learning Task 4. Reflection
Paglalapat Do you know what a thermostat is for? If the temperature inside your house drops
below the set-point, the thermostat turns on the furnace until set-point is reached. If the
temperature rises above the set-point, the thermostat turns on the air conditioner until the
set-point is reached. Do you know that your body can regulate your temperature too?
1. Explain briefly how your body can regulate temperature.
2. Cite one more example of feedback mechanism that your body can perform.
V. ASSESSMENT Tell whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
(Learning Activity Sheets for 1. Homeostasis is the mechanism used by our body to maintain balance despite of
Enrichment, Remediation or Assessment
to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)
changes.
2. When our brain detects that there is a high calcium level in our blood, it signals the
parathyroid gland to secrete calcitonin that will help deposit calcium in our bones.
3. Insulin is released by our pancreas when our brain detects that there is a high glucose
or sugar level in our blood.
4. When our body temperature falls below normal our brain signals our skeletal muscles
to contract and shiver to generate heat.
5. Osmoregulation is the ability of our body to maintain temperature.
VI. REFLECTION  The learner communicates the explanation of their personal assessment as
indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
 The learner, in their notebook, will write their personal insights about the lesson
using the prompts below.
I understand that ___________________.
I realize that ________________________.
I need to learn more about __________.
Prepared by: RACHAEL B. CHAVEZ Checked by: NICANOR O. REYES II

References:

Campbell, N. A. and Reece, J. B. (2005). Essentials of Biology. Seventh Edition. Benjamin Cummings. Pearson Education,
Inc.
Dela Cruz, S. B. (2005). Next Century Biology. Phoenix Publishing House.
Valdoz, M. P., et.al. (2017). Science Links. Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy. Rex Bookstore.