Quadratic Equation

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Relation between the roots and coefficients ; Quadratic Equation

A-1. For what value of 'a', the equation (a2 – a – 2)x2 + (a2 – 4)x + (a2 – 3a + 2) = 0, will have more than two
solutions ? Does there exist a real value of 'x' for which the above equation will be an identity in 'a' ?

A-2. If  and  are the roots of the equation 2x2 + 3x + 4 = 0, then find the values of
 
(i) 2 + 2 (ii) +
 

A-3. If  and  are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, then find the equation whose roots are given by
1 1
(i) + ,+ (ii) 2 + 2, 2 + 2
 

 
A-4. If  but 2 = 5 – 3, 2 = 5 – 3, then find the equation whose roots are and .
 

A-5. In copying a quadratic equation of the form x 2 + px + q = 0, the coefficient of x was wrongly written
as – 10 in place of – 11 and the roots were found to be 4 and 6. Find the roots of the correct equation.

3  5 1
A-6. (i) Find the value of the expression 2x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72 when x = .
2
1  15
(ii) Find the value of the expression 2x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72 when x =
2
(iii) Solve the following equation 22x + 2x+2 – 32 = 0

A-7. Let a, b, c be real numbers with a  0 and let ,  be the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0. Express
the roots of a3x2 + abcx + c3 = 0 in terms of , 

A-8. If ,  are roots of x2 – px + q = 0 and  – 2,  + 2 are roots of x2 – px + r = 0, then prove that

16q + (r + 4 – q)2 = 4p2.

A-9. If one root of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to nth power of the other root, then show that
(acn)1/(n + 1) + (anc)1/(n + 1) + b = 0.

A-10. If the sum of the roots of quadratic equation (a + 1)x 2 + (2a + 3)x + (3a + 4) = 0 is –1, then find the
product of the roots.

A-11. Find the least prime integral value of '2a' such that the roots ,  of the equation 2 x2 + 6 x + a = 0
 
satisfy the inequality  < 2.
 
Section (B) : Relation between roots and coefficients ; Higher Degree Equations
B-1. If  and  be two real roots of the equation x3 + px2 + qx + r = 0 (r 0) satisfying the relation  + 1 = 0,
then prove that r2 + pr + q + 1 = 0.

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 Quadratic Equation

B-2. If , ,  are the roots of the equation x3 + px2 + qx + r = 0, then find the value of
 1  1  1 
         .
        

B-3. (i) Solve the equation 24x3 – 14x2 – 63x +  = 0, one root being double of another. Hence find the
value(s) of .
(ii) Solve the equation 18x 3 + 81x2 + x + 60 = 0, one root being half the sum of the other two.
Hence find the value of     

B-4. If , ,  are roots of equation x3 – 6x2 + 10x – 3 = 0, then find cubic equation with roots
2 + 1, 2 + 1, 2 + 1.

 
B-5. If ,  and  are roots of 2x3 + x2 – 7 = 0, then find the value of     .
, ,  
 

B-6. Find the roots of 4x3 + 20x2 – 23x + 6 = 0 if two of its roots are equal.

Section (C) : Nature of Roots

C-1. If 2 + i 3 is a root of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 (where p, q  R and i2 = –1), then find the ordered
pair (p, q).

C-2. If the roots of the equation x2 – 2cx + ab = 0 are real and unequal, then prove that the roots of
x2 – 2(a + b) x + a2 + b2 + 2c2 = 0 will be imaginary.

C-3. For what values of k the expression kx2 + (k + 1)x + 2 will be a perfect square of a linear polynomial.

C-4. Show that if roots of equation (a2 – bc) x2 + 2(b2 – ac) x + c2 – ab = 0 are equal, then either
b = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

1 1 1
C-5. If a, b, c  R, then prove that the roots of the equation + + = 0 are always real and
x a x b xc
cannot have roots if a = b = c.

1 1 1
C-6. If the roots of the equation + = are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, then
(x  p) (x  q) r
show that p + q = 2 r and that the product of the roots is equal to (1/2) (p² + q²).

C-7. (i) If – 2 + i is a root of x3 + 63x +  = 0 (where  R – {0},  R and i2 = –1), then find roots of
equation.
1
(ii) If + i, is a root of 2x3 + bx2 + 3x + 1 = 0 (where b,  R – {0} and i2 = –1), then find the
2
value(s) of b.

C-8. Solve the equation x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x – 2 = 0, one root being – 1 + 1 .

C-9. Draw graph of y = 12x3 – 4x2 – 3x + 1. Hence find number of positive zeroes.

Section (D) : Range of quadratic expression and sign of quadratic expression

D-1. Draw the graph of the following expressions :
(i) y = x2 + 4x + 3 (ii) y = 9x2 + 6x + 1 (iii) y = – 2x2 + x – 1

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 Quadratic Equation

D-2. Find the range of following quadratic expressions :

(i) f(x) = –x2 + 2x + 3 xR
(ii) f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3 x  [0, 3]
(iii) f(x) = x – 4x + 6
2
x  (0, 1]

D-3. If x be real, then find the range of the following rational expressions :
x2  x  1 x 2  2x  9
(i) y= (ii) y=
x2  1 x 2 – 2x  9

kx 2  2(k  1)x  (9k  4)

D-4. Find the range of values of k, such that f(x) = is always negative.
x 2  8x  17

D-5. x2 + (a  b) x + (1  a  b) = 0, a, b  R. Find the condition on ' a ' for which

(i) Both roots of the equation are real and unequal  b  R .
(ii) Roots are imaginary  b  R

Section (E) : Location of Roots

E-1. If both roots of the equation x2 – 6ax + 2 – 2a + 9a2 = 0 exceed 3, then show that a > 11/9.

E-2. Find all the values of 'K' for which one root of the equation x²  (K + 1) x + K² + K  8 = 0, exceeds 2 &
the other root is smaller than 2.

E-3. Find all the real values of 'a', so that the roots of the equation
(a2 – a + 2) x2 + 2(a – 3) x + 9 (a4 – 16) = 0 are of opposite sign.

E-4. Find all the values of 'a', so that exactly one root of the equation x 2 – 2ax + a2 – 1 = 0, lies between the
numbers 2 and 4, and no root of the equation is either equal to 2 or equal to 4.

E-5. If  &  are the two distinct roots of x² + 2 (K  3) x + 9 = 0, then find the values of K such that 
,   ( 6, 1).

Section (F) : Common Roots & Graphs of Polynomials

F-1. If one of the roots of the equation ax2 + b x + c = 0 be reciprocal of one of the roots of
a1 x2 + b1 x + c1 = 0, then prove that (a a1  c c1)2 = (b c1  a b1) (b1c  a1b).

F-2. Find the value of 'a' so that x2 – 11 x + a = 0 and x2 – 14x + 2a = 0 have a common root.

F-3. If ax2 + bx + c = 0 and bx2 + cx + a = 0 have a common root and a, b, c are non-zero real numbers, then
a3  b3  c 3
find the value of .
abc

F-4. If x2 + px + q = 0 and x2 + qx + p = 0, (p  q) have a common root, show that 1 + p + q = 0 ; show that

their other roots are the roots of the equation x2 + x + pq = 0.

F-5. Draw the graphs of following :

(i) y = 2x3 + 9x2 – 24x + 15 (ii) y = – 3x4 + 4x3 + 12x2 – 2

F-6. Find values of ‘k’ if equation x3 – 3x2 + 2 = k has

(i) 3 real roots (ii) 1 real root

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 Quadratic Equation

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Section (A) : Relation between the roots and coefficients quadratic equation
A-1. The roots of the equation (b – c) x2 + (c – a) x + (a – b) = 0 are
c a ab bc c a
(A) ,1 (B) ,1 (C) ,1 (D) ,1
bc bc ab ab

A-2. If ,  are the roots of quadratic equation x2 + p x + q = 0 and ,  are the roots of x2 + p x – r = 0,
then () . () is equal to :
(A) q + r (B) q – r (C) – (q + r) (D) – (p + q + r)

A-3. Two real numbers  &  are such that  +  = 3,   = 4, then  &  are the roots of the quadratic
equation:
(A) 4x2  12x  7 = 0 (B) 4x2  12x + 7 = 0 (C) 4x2  12x + 25 = 0 (D) none of these

A-4. For the equation 3x2 + px + 3 = 0, p > 0 if one of the roots is square of the other, then p is equal to:
(A) 1/3 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2/3

A-5. Consider the following statements :

S1 : If the roots of x2 – bx + c = 0 are two consecutive integers, then value of b2 – 4c is equal to 1.
S2 : If  are roots of x2 – x + 3 = 0 then value of 4 is equal 7.
S3 : If  are the roots of x3 – 7x2 + 16 x – 12 = 0 then value of 2 + 2 +  is equal to 17.
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3 are true or false
(A) TTT (B) FTF (C) TFT (D) FTT

Section (B) : Relation between roots and coefficients ; Higher Degree Equations

B-1. If two roots of the equation x3  px2 + qx  r = 0, (r  0) are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign,
then:
(A) pr = q (B) qr = p (C) pq = r (D) None of these

1  1  1 
B-2. If , &  are the roots of the equation x3  x  1 = 0 then, + + has the value equal to:
1  1  1 
(A) zero (B)  1 (C)  7 (D) 1

B-3. Let , , be the roots of (x – a) (x – b) (x – c) = d, d  0, then the roots of the equation
(x – ) (x – ) (x – ) + d = 0 are :
a b c
(A) a + 1, b + 1, c + 1 (B) a, b, c (C) a – 1, b – 1, c – 1 (D) , ,
b c a
 3  3   3
B-4. If , ,  are the roots of the equation x3 + ax + b = 0 then value of is equal to :
 2  2   2

3b 3b
(A) (B) (C) 3b (D) 2b
2a 2a

B-5. If two of the roots of equation x4 – 2x3 + ax2 + 8x + b = 0 are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign,

then value of 4a + b is equal to :

(A) 16 (B) 8 (C) –16 (D) –8

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 Quadratic Equation

Section (C) : Nature of Roots

C-1. If one roots of equation x2 – 3 x +  = 0 ,   R is 3 + 2 then other root is
(A) 3–2 (B) – 2 (C) 2 – 3 (D) 2

C-2. If roots of equation 2x2 + bx + c = 0 ; b, c  R, are real & distinct then the roots of equation
2cx2 + (b – 4c) x + 2c – b + 1 = 0 are
(A) imaginary (B) equal (C) real and distinct (D) can't say

C-3. Let one root of the equation x2 + x + m = 0 is square of other root. If mR then
 1  1 1 
(A)   – ,   {1} (B) (–0] (C)   – ,  (D)   ,1
 4  9 4 
C-4. If a, b, c are integers and b2 = 4(ac + 5d2), d  N, then roots of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0
are
(A) Irrational (B) Rational & different (C) Complex conjugate (D) Rational & equal
C-5. Let a and b be real numbers such that 4a + 2b + c = 0 and ab > 0. Then the equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0 has
(A) real roots (B) imaginary roots (C) exactly one root (D) none of these
C-6. Consider the equation x2 + 2x – n = 0, where n  N and n  [5, 100]. Total number of different values of
'n' so that the given equation has integral roots, is
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 3

Section (D) : Range of quadratic expression and sign of quadratic expression

D-1. If  &  ( < ) are the roots of the equation x2 + bx + c = 0, where c < 0 < b, then
(A) 0 <  <  (B)  < 0 < 2< 2 (C) <  < 0 (D) < 0 < 2 < 2

D-2. Which of the following graph represents the expression f(x) = a x2 + b x + c (a  0) when
a > 0, b < 0 & c < 0 ?

(A) (B) (C) (D)


D-3. The expression y = ax2 + bx + c has always the same sign as of 'a' if :
(A) 4ac < b2 (B) 4ac > b2 (C) 4ac = b2 (D) ac < b2

D-4. The entire graph of the expression y = x2 + kx – x + 9 is strictly above the x-axis if and only if
(A) k < 7 (B) –5 < k < 7 (C) k > – 5 (D) none of these

D-5. If a, b  R, a  0 and the quadratic equation ax2  bx + 1 = 0 has imaginary roots then a + b + 1 is:
(A) positive (B) negative (C) zero (D) depends on the sign of b
D-6. If a and b are the non-zero distinct roots of x2 + ax + b = 0, then the least value of x2 + ax + b is
3 9 9
(A) (B) (C) – (D) 1
2 4 4
D-7. If y = – 2x2 – 6x + 9, then
(A) maximum value of y is –11 and it occurs at x = 2
(B) minimum value of y is –11 and it occurs at x = 2
(C) maximum value of y is 13.5 and it occurs at x = –1.5
(D) minimum value of y is 13.5 and it occurs at x = –1.5

D-8. If f(x) = x2 + 2bx + 2c2 and g(x) = – x2 – 2cx + b2 are such that min f(x) > max g(x), then the relation
between b and c, is
(A) no relation (B) 0 < c < b/2 (C) c2 < 2b (D) c2 > 2b2

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 Quadratic Equation

Section (E) : Location of Roots

E-1. If b > a, then the equation (x  a) (x  b)  1 = 0, has:
(A) both roots in [a, b] (B) both roots in (a)
(C) both roots in [b) (D) one root in (a) & other in (b, )

E-2. If , are the roots of the quadratic equation x 2  2p (x  4)  15 = 0, then the set of values of 'p' for
which one root is less than 1 & the other root is greater than 2 is:
(A) (7/3, ) (B) (, 7/3) (C) x  R (D) none of these

E-3. If ,  be the roots of 4x2 – 16x +  = 0, where   R, such that 1 <  < 2 and 2 <  < 3, then the
number of integral solutions of  is
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 3

E-4. Set of real values of k if the equation x2 – (k–1)x + k2 = 0 has atleast one root in (1,2) is
(A) (2, 4) (B) [–1, 1/3] (C) {3} (D) 

Section (F) : Common Roots & Graphs of Polynomials

F-1. If the equations k (6x2 + 3) + rx + 2x2 – 1 = 0 and 6k (2x2 + 1) + px + 4x2 – 2 = 0 have both roots
common, then the value of (2r – p) is
(A) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) none of these

F-2. If 3x2 – 17x + 10 = 0 and x2 – 5x +  = 0 has a common root, then sum of all possible real values of  is
29 26 29
(A) 0 (B)  (C) (D)
9 9 3
F-3. If a, b, p, q are nonzero real numbers, then two equations 2a2 x2  2 ab x + b2 = 0 and
p2 x2 + 2 pq x + q2 = 0 have :
(A) no common root (B) one common root if 2 a2 + b2 = p2 + q2
(C) two common roots if 3 pq = 2 ab (D) two common roots if 3 qb = 2 ap

x 3 – 4x
F-4. The graphs of y = is
4
y

30
y

127

2 3
(A) 15 (B) O
–1 2
2 x
x –2
–4 O 1

y
(C) 2 (D)
3
–2 2 2 x
3

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 Quadratic Equation

F-5. The graphs of y = x4 – 2x2 + 5 is

y

30
y

127

2 3
(A) 15 (B) O
–1 2
2 x
x –2
–4 O 1

y
(C) 2 (D)
3
–2 2 2 x
3

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

1. Column –  Column – 
(A) If  + 4 are two roots of x2 – 8 x + k = 0, (p) 4
then possible value of k is
1 1
(B) If ,  are roots of x2 + 2x – 4 = 0 and , are (q) 0
 
3
roots of x2 + qx + r = 0 then value of is
qr
(C) If ,  are roots of ax2 + c = 0, ac  0, then (r) 12
 3 + 3 is equal to
(D) If roots of x2 – kx + 36 = 0 (s) 10
are Integers then number of values of k =

2. If graph of the expression f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a  0) are given in column-II, then Match the items in
column-I with in column-II (where D = b2 – 4ac)
Column-I Column-II

abc
(A) 0 (p)
D

abc
(B) 0 (q)
D

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 Quadratic Equation

(C) abc > 0 (r)

(D) abc < 0 (s)

3. Let y = Q(x) = ax2 + bx + c be a quadratic expression. Match the inequalities in Column-I with possible
graphs in Column-II.
Column-I Column-II

(A) Q(x) > 0,  x  (2, 7) (p)

(B) Q(x) > 0,  x  (– , 1) (q)

(C) Q(x) < 0,  x  (1, 6) (r)

(D) Q(x) < 0,  x  (– , – 1) (s)

(t)

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 Quadratic Equation

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. Let a > 0, b > 0 & c > 0. Then both the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0
(A) are real & negative (B) have negative real parts
(C) are rational numbers (D) have positive real parts

2. If the roots of the equation x2 + 2ax + b = 0 are real and distinct and they differ by atmost 2m, then b
lies in the interval
(A) (a2 – m2, a2) (B) [a2 – m2, a2) (C) (a2, a2 + m2) (D) none of these

3. The set of possible values of  for which x2 – (2 – 5 + 5)x + (22 – 3 – 4) = 0 has roots, whose sum
and product are both less than 1, is
 5  5  5
(A)  1 ,  (C) 1 ,  (D)  1 ,
2 
(B) (1, 4)
 2   2  

4. If p, q, r, s  R, then equaton (x2 + px + 3q) (–x2 + rx + q) (–x2 + sx – 2q) = 0 has

(A) 6 real roots (B) atleast two real roots
(C) 2 real and 4 imaginary roots (D) 4 real and 2 imaginary roots

5. If coefficients of biquadratic equation are all distinct and belong to the set {–9, – 5, 3, 4, 7}, then
equation has
(A) atleast two real roots
(B) four real roots, two are conjugate surds and other two are also conjugate surds
(C) four imaginary roots
(D) None of these

6. Let p, q, r, s  R, x2 + px + q = 0, x2 + rx + s = 0 such that 2 (q + s) = pr then

(A) atleast one of the equation have real roots.
(B) either both equations have imaginary roots or both equations have real roots.
(C) one of equations have real roots and other equation have imaginary roots
(D) atleast one of the equations have imaginary roots.

7. The equation, x =  2x2 + 6x  9 has:

(A) no solution (B) one solution (C) two solutions (D) infinite solutions

8. If (2 +  – 2)x2 + ( + 2) x < 1 for all x  R, then  belongs to the interval
 2 2 
(A) (–2, 1) (B)  2,  (C)  , 1 (D) none of these
 5 5 

9. Let conditions C1 and C2 be defined as follows : C1 : b2 – 4ac  0, C2 : a, –b, c are of same sign. The
roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are real and positive, if
(A) both C1 and C2 are satisfied (B) only C2 is satisfied
(C) only C1 is satisfied (D) none of these

x2  x  c
10. If 'x' is real, then can take all real values if :
x 2  x  2c
(A) c  [0, 6] (B) c  [ 6, 0]
(C) c  (  6)  (0, ) (D) c  ( 6, 0)

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 Quadratic Equation

11. If both roots of the quadratic equation (2  x) (x + 1) = p are distinct & positive, then complet set of
values of p is:
(A) (2, ) (B) (2, 9/4) (C) (– , – 2) (D) (– , )

12. If two roots of the equation (a – 1) (x2 + x + 1)2 – (a + 1) (x4 + x2 + 1) = 0 are real and distinct, then 'a'
lies in the interval
(A) (–2, 2) (B) (– , –2)  (2, ) (C) (2, ) (D) (––2)

13. The equations x3 + 5x2 + px + q = 0 and x3 + 7x2 + px + r = 0 have two roots in common. If the third root
of each equation is represented by x1 and x2 respectively, then the ordered pair (x1, x2) is:
(A) ( 5,  7) (B) (1,  1) (C) ( 1, 1) (D) (5, 7)

14. If a, b, c are real and a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then ab + bc + ca lies in the interval:

1   1   1
(A)  , 2  (B) [0, 2] (C)   , 1 (D)  1 , 
2   2   2 

PART - II : NUMERICAL VALUE QUESTIONS

INSTRUCTION :
 The answer to each question is NUMERICAL VALUE with two digit integer and decimal upto two digit.
 If the numerical value has more than two decimal places truncate/round-off the value to TWO decimal
placed.

1. Find sum of square of real roots of equation x (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) = 120

2
3 2
3
2. Find product of all real values of x satisfying (5  2 6 )x  (5  2 6 )x = 10

3. If a, b are the roots of x2 + px + 1 = 0 and c, d are the roots of x 2 + qx + 1 = 0. Then find the value of
(a  c) (b  c) (a + d) (b + d)/(q2  p2).

4. ,  are roots of the equation  (x2 – x) + x + 5 = 0. If 1 and 2 are the two values of  for which the
 1  2 
   
 
roots ,  are connected by the relation + = 4, then the value of  2 1 
is
   15 
 
 

5. Let one root of equation ( – m) x2 + x + 1 = 0 be double of the other. If  be real and m  k then find
the least value of k.

6. Let  be the roots of the equation x2 + ax + b = 0 and  be the roots of x2 – ax + b – 2 = 0. If  =
1 1 1 1 11
24 and     , then find the value of a.
    5

7. If a > b > 0 and a3 + b3 + 27ab = 729 then the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx – 9 = 0 has roots 
,  ( < ). Find the value of 4 – a.

8. Let  and  be roots of x2 – 6(5t2 – 3t + 7)x – 2 = 0 with  > . If an = n – n for n  1, then find the
a  2a98
minimum value of 100 (where t  R)
a99

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 Quadratic Equation

9. If , , ,  are the roots of the equation x4  Kx3 + Kx2 + Lx + M = 0, where K, L & M are real numbers,
then the minimum value of 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 is – n. Find the value of n.

2x
10. Consider y = , where x is real, then the range of expression y2 + y  2 is [a, b]. Find the value of
1  x2
(b –a).

11. If the roots of the equation 3x3 + Px2 + Qx  37 = 0 are each one more than the roots of the equaton
x3  Ax2 + Bx  C = 0, where A, B, C, P & Q are constants, then the value of A + B + C is equal to :

12. If one root of the equation t 2 – (12x)t – (f(x) + 64x) = 0 is twice of other, then find the maximum value of
the function f(x), where x  R.

13. The values of k, for which the equation x 2 + 2 (k  1) x + k + 5 = 0 possess atleast one positive root, are
(– , – b]. Find value of b.

14. Find the least value of 'a' for which atleast one of the roots of the equation x 2 – (a – 3) x + a = 0 is
greater than 2.

15. If the quadratic equations 3x2 + ax + 1 = 0 & 2x2 + bx + 1 = 0 have a common root, then the value of the
expression 5ab  2a2  3b2 is

16. The equations 3x2  7ax + b = 0, x3  px2 + qx = 0, where a, b, p, q  R – {0} have one common root &
3q  b
the second equation has two equal roots. Find value of .
aq

17. If x – y and y – 2x are two factors of the expression x3 – 3x2y + xy2 + y3, then 2 + µ2 is

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

1. Possible values of 'p' for which the equation (p 2 – 3p + 2)x2 – (p2 – 5p + 4)x + p – p2 = 0 does not
possess more than two roots is/are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

2. If a, b are non-zero real numbers and ,  the roots of x2 + ax + b = 0, then

(A) 2, 2 are the roots of x2 – (2b – a2) x + a2 = 0
1 1
(B) , are the roots of bx2 + ax + 1 = 0
 
 
(C) , are the roots of bx2 + (2b – a2) x + b = 0
 
(D) ( – 1), ( – 1) are the roots of the equation x2 + x (a + 2) + 1 + a + b = 0

3. If ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a  0) and  + ,  +  are the roots of,

Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 (A  0) for some constant , then
1 B b 1 b B 
(A)  =    (B)  =   
2 A a 2 a A 
b2  4 a c B2  4 A C b2  4 a c B2  4 A C
(C) = (D) =
a2 A2 a2 A2
4. If one root of the equation 4x2 + 2x – 1 = 0 is ‘’, then
1  5 1 5
(A)  can be equal to (B)  can be equal to
4 4
(C) other root is 4 – 3.
3 3
(D) other root is 4 + 3
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 Quadratic Equation

5. If ,  are roots of x2 + 3x + 1 = 0, then

(A) (7 – ) (7 – ) = 0 (B) (2 – ) (2 – ) = 11
2 2
2 2      
(C)  =–2 (D)     = 18
3  1 3  1  1       1

6. If both roots of x2 – 32x + c = 0 are prime numbers then possible values of c are
(A) 60 (B) 87 (C) 247 (D) 231

7. Let f(x) = x2 – a(x + 1) – b = 0, a, b  R – {0}, a + b  0. If  and  are roots of equation f(x) = 0, then
1 1 2
the value of 2 + 2 – is equal to
  a    a ab
 a  a2
(A) 0 (B) f(a) + a + b (C) f(b) + a + b (D) f   + +a+b
2 4

8. If f(x) is a polynomial of degree three with leading coefficient 1 such that f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 9, then
3
 6 6
(A) f(4) = 22 (B) f   =  
5 5
(C) f(x) = x3 holds for exactly two values of x. (D) f(x) = 0 has a root in interval (0, 1).

9. Let P(x) = x32 – x25 + x18 – x11 + x4 – x3 + 1. Which of the following are CORRECT ?
(A) Number of real roots of P(x) = 0 are zero.
(B) Number of imaginary roots of P(x) = 0 are 32.
(C) Number of negative roots of P(x) = 0 are zero.
(D) Number of imaginary roots of P(x) + P(–x) = 0 are 32.

10. If ,  are the real and distinct roots of x2 + px + q = 0 and 4, 4 are the roots of x2 – rx + s = 0, then the
equation x2 – 4qx + 2q2 – r = 0 has always (given   –)
(A) two real roots (B) two negative roots
(C) two positive roots (D) one positive root and one negative root

11. x2 + x + 1 is a factor of a x3 + b x2 + c x + d = 0, then the real root of above equation is

(a, b, c, d  R)
(A)  d/a (B) d/a (C) (b – a)/a (D) (a – b)/a

12. If – 5 + i, – 5 + i (where 2  2 ; ,  R and i2 = –1) are roots of x3 + 15x2 + cx + 860 = 0, c  R, then
(A) c = 222
(B) all the three roots are imaginary
(C) two roots are imaginary but not complex conjugate of each other.
(D) – 5 + 7i 3 , – 5 – 7i 3 are imaginary roots.

13. Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c > 0,  x  R or f(x) < 0,  x  R. Which of the following is/are CORRECT ?
(A) If a + b + c > 0 then f(x) > 0,  x  R (B) If a + c < b then f(x) < 0,  x  R
(C) If a + 4c > 2b then f(x) < 0, x  R (D) ac > 0.

14. Let x1 <  <  <  < x4, x1 < x2 < x3. If f(x) is a cubic polynomial with real coefficients such that
(f())2 + (f())2 + (f())2 = 0, f(x1) f(x2) < 0, f(x2) f(x3) < 0 and f(x1) f(x3) > 0 then which of the following are
CORRECT ?
(A)  (x1, x2),  (x2, x3) and  (x3, x4) (B)  (x1, x3), ,  (x3, x4)
(C) ,  (x1, x2) and   (x4, ) (D)  (x1, x3),  (x2, x3) and  (x2, x4)

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 Quadratic Equation

15. If f(x) is cubic polynomial with real coefficients,  <  <  and x1 < x2 be such that f() = f() = f() =
f(x1) = f  (x2) = 0 then possible graph of y = f(x) is (assuming y-axis vertical)

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

3 4 5
16. Let f(x) = + + , then f(x) = 0 has
x2 x3 x4
(A) exactly one real root in (2, 3) (B) exactly one real root in (3, 4)
(C) 3 different roots (D) atleast one negative root

17. If the quadratic equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a, b, c  R, a  0) and x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 have a common root,
then a, b, c must satisfy the relations:
(A) a > b > c (B) a < b < c
(C) a = k; b = 4k; c = 5k (k  R, k  0) (D) b2  4ac is negative.

18. If the quadratic equations x2 + abx + c = 0 and x2 + acx + b = 0 have a common root, then the equation
containing their other roots is/are :
(A) x2 + a (b + c) x  a2bc = 0 (B) x2  a (b + c) x + a2bc = 0
(C) a (b + c) x2  (b + c) x + abc = 0 (D) a (b + c) x2 + (b + c) x  abc = 0

19. Consider the following statements.

S1 : The equation 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 has irrational roots.
S2 : If a < b < c < d, then the roots of the equation (x – a) (x – c) + 2 (x – b) (x – d) = 0 are real and
distinct.
S3 : If x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0 have a common root and a, b, c  N, then the minimum
value of (a + b + c) is 10.
S4 : The value of the biquadratic expression x4  8 x3 + 18 x2  8 x + 2, when x = 2 + 3 , is 1
Which of the following are CORRECT ?
(A) S2 and S4 are true. (B) S1 and S3 are false.
(C) S1 and S2 are true. (D) S3 and S4 are false.

20. If the equations x2 + a x + 12 = 0, x2 + b x + 15 = 0 & x2 + (a + b) x + 36 = 0 have a common positive

root, then which of the following are true ?
(A) ab = 56 (B) common positive root is 3
(C) sum of uncommon roots is 21. (D) a + b = 15.

21. If x2 + x + 1 = 0,  (–2 , 2) and 4x3 + 3x + 2c = 0 have common root then c +  can be

1 1 3
(A) (B) – (C) 0 (D)
2 2 2
22_. Let quadratic equation p(x) = 0 (where p(x) = x 2 + bx + c) and equation p(p(p(x))) = 0 has a common
root, then which of the following statement is/are correct.
(A) If b, c R, then b2 – 4c  0
(B) If P(0) = 1, then p(1) = 0
(C) equations p(p(p(x))) = 0 and p(p(p(p(p(x))))) = 0 has at least two common root.
(D) zero is root of equation p(p(p(p(p(p(x)))))) = 0

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PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 1 & 2)
If x, y  R then some problems can be solved by direct observing extreme cases
e.g. (i) (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 0 is possible only for x = 3 and y = 2
(ii) if x  3, y  2 and xy  6 then x = 3 & y = 2

1. The least value of expression x2 + 2 xy + 2 y2 + 4 y + 7 is :

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

2. Let P(x) = 4x2 + 6x + 4 and Q(y) = 4y2 – 12y + 25. If x, y satisfy equation P(x).Q(y) = 28, then the value
of 11y – 26x is -
(A) 6 (B) 36 (C) 8 (D) 42
Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 3 & 4)
In the given figure OBC is an isosceles right triangle in which AC is a median, then answer the
following questions :
Y

y = x2 + bx + c
C

O A B X

3. Roots of y = 0 are
(A) {2, 1} (B) {4, 2} (C) {1, 1/2} (D) {8, 4}

4. The equation whose roots are ( + ) & ( – ), where , ( > ) are roots obtained in previous
question, is
(A) x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 (B) x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 (C) 4x2 – 8x + 3 = 0 (D) x2 – 16x + 48 = 0

Comprehension # 3 (Q. No. 5 to 7)

Consider the equation x4 – x2 + 9 = 0. This can be solved by substituting x2 = t such equations are
called as pseudo quadratic equations.
5. If the equation has four real and distinct roots, then  lies in the interval
(A) (–, –6)  (6, ) (B) (0, ) (C) (6, ) (D) (–, –6)
6. If the equation has no real root, then  lies in the interval
(A) (–, 0) (B) (–, 6) (C) (6, ) (D) (0, )
7. If the equation has only two real roots, then set of values of  is
(A) (–, –6) (B) (–6, 6) (C) {6} (D) 
Comprehension # 4 (Q. No. 8 to 10)
To solve equation of type,
ax2m + bx2m – 1 + cx2m – 2 + ......... + kxm + ......... + cx2 + bx + a = 0, (a  0)  ()
m
divide by x and rearrange terms to obtain
 1   1   1 
a  xm  m  + b  xm 1  m 1  + c  xm  2  m  2  + ......... + k = 0
 x   x   x 
Substitutions like
1 1
t=x+ or t=x– helps transforming equation into a reduced degree equation.
x x
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 Quadratic Equation

8. Roots of equation x4 – 10x3 + 26x2 – 10x + 1 = 0 are

(A) 2 ± 3 , 3 ± 2 (B) 2 ± 3 , 3 ± 2 2
(C) 3 ± 2,3±2 2 (D) 8 ± 3 , 3 ± 2

9. Roots of equation x5 – 5x4 + 9x3 – 9x2 + 5x – 1 = 0 are

3  5 1 i 3 5 3 3i
(A) 1, , (B) 1, ,
2 2 2 2
3 5 3i 5  3 1 i 3
(C) 1, , (D) 1, ,
2 2 2 2

10. Roots of equation x6 – 4x4 + 4x2 – 1 = 0 are

1 i 5 1  5 1 5 1  i 5
(A) ± 1, , (B) ± 1, ,
2 2 2 2
1  5 1  5 1  5 1  i 5
(C) ± 1, , (D) ± 1, , .
2 2 2 2

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
1. Let p and q be real numbers such that p  0, p3  q and p3  – q. If  and  are nonzero complex
 
numbers satisfying  +  = – p and 3 + 3 = q, then a quadratic equation having and as its roots
 
is [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, –1)/ 84]
(A) (p3 + q) x2 – (p3 + 2q)x + (p3 + q) = 0 (B) (p3 + q) x2 – (p3 – 2q)x + (p3 + q) = 0
(C) (p3 – q) x2 – (5p3 – 2q)x + (p3 – q) = 0 (D) (p3 – q) x2 – (5p3 + 2q)x + (p3 – q) = 0

2. Let  and  be the roots of x2 – 6x – 2 = 0, with  >  . If an = n – n for n  1, then the value of
a10  2a8
is [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (3, –1), 80]
2a9
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

3. A value of b for which the equations [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
x2 + bx – 1 = 0
x2 + x + b = 0
have one root in common is
(A) – 2 (B) – i 3 (C) i 5 (D) 2

4. The quadratic equation p(x) = 0 with real coefficients has purely imaginary roots. Then the equation
p(p(x)) = 0 has [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) only purely imaginary roots (B) all real roots
(C) two real and two purely imaginary roots (D) neither real nor purely imaginary roots

5*. Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers  such that the quadratic equation x2 – x +  = 0 has two
distinct real roots x1 and x2 satisfying the inequality |x1 – x2| < 1. Which of the following intervals is(are) a
subset(s) of S ? [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, –2)/ 80]
 1 1   1   1   1 1
(A)  – , –  (B)  – , 0 (C)  0,  (D)  , 
 2 5  5   5  5 2

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 Quadratic Equation

 
6. Let – < <– . Suppose 1 and 1 are the roots of the equation x2 – 2x sec  + 1 = 0 and 2 and 
6 12
are the roots of the equation x2 + 2x tan – 1 = 0. If 1 > 1 and 2 > 2 , then 1 + 2 equals
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, –1)/62]
(A) 2(sec – tan ) (B) 2sec  (C) – 2tan  (D) 0
Comprehension (Q-7 & 8)
Let p, q be integers and let , be the roots of the equation, x2 – x – 1 = 0 where   .
For n = 0,1,2,...., let an = pn + qn.

FACT : If a and b are rational numbers and a + b 5 = 0, then a = 0 = b.

7. a12 = [JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-2,(3, 0)/61]

(A) a11 + 2a10 (B) 2a11 + a10 (C) a11 – a10 (D) a11 + a10

8. If a4 = 28, then p + 2q = [JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-2,(3, 0)/61]

(A) 14 (B) 7 (C) 21 (D) 12

9*. Let  and  be the roots of x2 – x – 1 = 0 with  > . For all postive integers n. define
 n – n
an = ,n1
–
b1 = 1 and bn = an–1 + an + 1, n  2
the which of the follwing options is/are correct ? [JEE(Advanced) 2019, Paper-1,(4, –1)/62]


 10
an 10
(1) n
 (2) bn = n + n for all n  1
n1
89


 10
bn 8
(3) a1 + a2 +....an = an +2 –1 for all n  1 (4) n

n1
89

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

1. Sachin and Rahul attempted to solve a quadratic equaiton. Sachin made a mistake in writing down the
constant term and ended up in roots (4, 3). Rahul made a mistake in writing down coefficient of x to get
roots (3, 2). The correct roots of equation are : [AIEEE- 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
(1) 6, 1 (2) 4, 3 (3) –6 , –1 (4) –4 , –3

2. Let for a  a1  0, f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, g(x) = a1x2 + b1x + c1 and p(x) = f(x) – g(x). If p(x) = 0 only for
x = –1 and p(–2) = 2, then the value of p(2) is : [AIEEE- 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
(1) 3 (2) 9 (3) 6 (4) 18

3. The equation esinx – e–sinx – 4 = 0 has : [AIEEE- 2012 (4, –1), 120]
(1) infinite number of real roots (2) no real roots
(3) exactly one real root (4) exactly four real roots

4. If the equations x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0, a,b,c R, have a common root, then a : b : c is
[AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1), 120]
(1) 1 : 2 : 3 (2) 3 : 2 : 1 (3) 1 : 3 : 2 (4) 3 : 1 : 2

5. If a  R and the equation – 3(x – [x])2 + 2 (x – [x]) + a2 = 0 (where [x] denotes the greatest integer  x)
has no intgeral solution, then all possible values of a lie in the interval :
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) (–2, –1) (2) (–, –2)  (2, ) (3) (–1, 0)  (0, 1) (4) (1, 2)

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 Quadratic Equation

1 1
6. Let  and  be the roots of equation px2 + qx + r = 0, p  0. If p, q ,r are in the A.P. and  = 4, then
 
the value of | – | is : [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
34 2 13 61 2 17
(1) (2) (3) (4)
9 9 9 9

7. Let  and  be the roots of equation x2 – 6x – 2 = 0. If an = n – n, for n  1, then the value of
a10 – 2a8
is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
2a9
(1) 6 (2) – 6 (3) 3 (4) –3

8. The number of all possible positive integral values of  for which the roots of the quadratic equation,
6x2 – 11x +  = 0 are rational numbers is : [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) 2

9. If  be the ratio of the roots of the quadratic equation in x, 3m 2x2 + m(m – 4)x + 2 = 0, then the least
1
value of m for which  + = 1, is : [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (12-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]

(1) –2 + 2 (2) 4 – 3 2 (3) 2 – 3 (4) 4 – 2 3
n

10. If  and  be the roots of the equation x– 2x + 2 =0, then the least value of n for which   =1 is :

[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (08-04-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 2 (4) 5

11. If  and  are the roots of the equation 375x2 – 25x – 2 = 0, then
n n
lim
n

r 1
 r lim
n

r 1
r
is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (12-04-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]

29 21 7 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
358 346 116 12

12. If , and are three consecutive terms of a non-constant G.P. such that the equations
x2 + 2x + = 0 and x2 + x – 1 = 0 have a common root, then (+ ) is equal to -
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (12-04-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 0 (2)  (3)  (4) 


13. Let  and  be the roots of the equation x2 – x – 1 = 0. If pk = ()k + ()k, k  1, then which of the
following statements is not true? [JEE(Main) 2020, Online (07-01-20),P-2 (4, –1), 120]
(1) p5 = p2.p3 (2) (p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5) = 26
(3) p3 = p5 – p4 (4) p5 = 11

14. The number of real roots of the equation, e4x + e3x – 4e2x + ex + 1 = 0 is :
[JEE(Main) 2020, Online (09-01-20),P-1 (4, –1), 120]
(1) 3 (2) 1 (3) 4 (4) 2

15. Let a, bR, a 0 be such that the equation, ax2 –2bx + 5 = 0 has a repeated root , which is also a root
of the equation, x2 –2bx –10 = 0. If is the other root of this equation, then 2 +2 is equal to:
[JEE(Main) 2020, Online (09-01-20),P-2 (4, –1), 120]
(1) 25 (2) 26 (3) 24 (4) 28

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 Quadratic Equation

EXERCISE - 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
7 7
A-1. a = 2; No real value of x. A-2. (i) – (ii) –
4 8
A-3. (i) ac x2 + b(a + c) x + (a + c)2 = 0 (ii) a2 x2 + (2ac – 4a2 – b2) x + 2b2 + (c – 2a)2 = 0
A-4. 3x2 – 19x + 3 = 0. A-5. 8, 3
A-6. (i) 4 (ii) 72 (iii) 2
A-7.  = 2 and  = 2 or  = 2 and  = 2
A-10. 2 A-11. 11
Section (B) :
(r  1)3
B-2. –
r2
3 3 5 1 25
B-3. (i) roots are , , ,  = 45 or ,  1, ,  = –25 .
4 2 3 2 12
4 3 5
(ii) roots are , , ,  = 121
3 2 3
1 1
B-4. x3 – 15x2 + 67x – 77 = 0. B-5. –3 B-6. , ,–6
2 2
Section (C) :
C-1. (– 4, 7) C-3. 3±2 2
C-7. (i) 4, – 2 ± i 5 3 (ii) 3 or 4 C-8. –1± 2,–1± 1

C-9. . Two positive roots.

Section (D) :

D-1. (i) (ii) (iii)

D-2. (i) (–, 4] (ii) [2, 6] (iii) [3, 6)

1 3  4   1
D-3. (i) 2, 2 (ii)   , 5   (1, ) D-4.  ,  2 
     
D-5. (i) a>1 (ii) a .

Section (E) :
E-2. K  ( 2, 3) E-3. a  (–2, 2) E-4. a  (1, 5) – {3} E-5. 6 < K < 6.75

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 Quadratic Equation

Section (F) :
F-2. a = 0, 24 F-3. 3

F-5. (i) (ii)

F-6. (i) k[–2,2]

(ii) k(–,–2)  (2,)

PART - II
Section (A) :
A-1. (B) A-2. (C) A-3. (A) A-4. (C) A-5. (A)
Section (B) :
B-1. (C) B-2. (C) B-3. (B) B-4. (A) B-5. (C)

Section (C) :
C-1. (B) C-2. (C) C-3. (A) C-4. (A) C-5. (A) C-6. (C)

Section (D) :
D-1. (B) D-2. (B) D-3. (B) D-4. (B) D-5. (A) D-6. (C) D-7. (C)
D-8. (D)

Section (E) :
E-1. (D) E-2. (B) E-3. (D) E-4. (D)

Section (F) :
F-1. (A) F-2. (C) F-3. (A) F-4. (C) F-5. (D)
PART - III
1. (A)  (r), (B)  (p), (C)  (q), (D)  (s)
2. (A  r); (B  p,q,s); (C  s); (D  p,q,r)
3. (A) q, s, t (B) p, t (C) r (D) q, s.

EXERCISE - 2
PART - I
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (A) 7. (A)
8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (C)

PART - II
1. 29.00 2. 08.00 3. 01.00 4. 68.13 5. 01.12 6. 13.20 7. 13.00
8. 39.30 9. 01.00 10. 02.25 11. 11.33 12. 32.00 13. 01.00 14. 09.00
15. 01.00 16. 03.50 17. 08.12

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 Quadratic Equation

PART - III
1. (ACD) 2. (BCD) 3. (BC) 4. (AC) 5. (BCD 6. (BC) 7. (ABD)

8. (ABCD) 9. (ABCD) 10. (AD) 11. (AD) 12. (AD) 13. (ABD) 14. (AD)

15. (AC) 16. (AB) 17. (CD) 18. (BD) 19. (AB) 20. (ABC) 21. (AB)

22. (ABCD)

PART - IV
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (B) 7. (D)
8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (C)

EXERCISE - 3

PART - I
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (A, D) 6. (C)

7. (D) 8. (D) 9*. (A,B,C)

PART - II

1. (1) 2. (4) 3. (2) 4. (1) 5. (3) 6. (2) 7. (3)

8. (1) 9. (2) 10. (2) 11. (1) 12. (3) 13. (1) 14. (2)

15. (1)

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