Complex Numbers

Compiled by: Nyasha P. Tarakino (Trockers)

+263772978155/+263717267175

ntarakino@gmail.com

15 MARCH 2019

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 SYLLABUS (6042) REQUIREMENTS
 Find the conjugates, moduli and arguments of
complex numbers
 Carry out operations with complex numbers
 Represent complex numbers on an Argand
diagram
 Solve polynomial equations with at least one pair
of non- real roots
 Express complex numbers in polar form
 Carry out operations of complex numbers
expressed in polar form
 Illustrate equations and inequalities involving
complex numbers by means of loci in an Argand
diagram
 Derive the DeMoivre’s Theorem

 Prove the DeMoivre’s Theorem

 Prove trigonometrical identities using

DeMoivre’s Theorem

 Solve equations using the DeMoivre’s Theorem

 Solve problems involving complex numbers

 Nth roots of unity



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 The Complex Number System

o If , then

o Now is called the discriminant.

(i) If , there is one repeated real root
(ii) If , there are two distinct and real roots
(iii)If , there are no real roots but we have imaginary roots
represented by .

Example
Solve the equation
Suggested solution

The symbol is used to denote

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 The General Complex Number

o A Complex number is represented in the form , where and are real

numbers.
o represents the real part and represents the imaginary part.
o The set of real numbers ( ) is also a subset of the complex numbers ( )

NB: Real numbers can be expressed in the form

The modulus and argument of a Complex Number

o Complex numbers can be represented by points on a plane

o The diagram of points in Cartesian coordinates representing complex numbers is called
an Argand diagram
o The y-axis represents the imaginary part and the x-axis represents the real part of a
complex number .

Im

Re

o If the complex number is denoted by , and hence , is defined as

the distance frpm the origin to the point representing .
o Thus .
o The modulus of a complex number is given by:
o The argument of , is defined as the angle between the line and the
positive axis is usually in the range or

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 o is sometimes referred to as the Principal argument.
o The argument of a complex number is given by , where:

NB: One must be very careful when or both are negative. The quadrant in

which it appears will determine whether its argument is negative or positive

and whether it is acute or obtuse.

(i) Angles in first quadrant are measured anticlockwise from the positive real axis so is the
required angle.

(ii) Angles in second quadrant are measured anticlockwise from the positive real axis so the

required angle is or or or

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(iii)Angles in third quadrant are measured clockwise from the positive real axis and is

negative so the required angle is or or or

(iv) Angles in fourth quadrant are measured clockwise from the positive real axis and is

negative so the required angle is or or .

NB: Degrees are also applicable

Solved Problems
Example
Find the modulus and argument of the complex numbers:
a) b) c) d)

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Suggested solution

a)

(i)

(ii) From the argand diagram, lies in the second quadrant hence

b)

(i)

(ii) From the argand diagram, lies in the third quadrant hence

c)

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 (i)

(ii) From the argand diagram, lies in the fourth quadrant hence

d)

(i)

(ii) From the argand diagram, lies in the first quadrant hence

Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication of complex number of the

form

o In general, if and then:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

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Example
Given that and , find
a) b) c)

Suggested Solution
a)

or

b)

or

c)

or

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 The conjugate of a complex number and the division of complex

numbers of the form

o The conjugate of a complex number , is denoted or , is the complex

number eg the conjugate of
o On an Argand diagram, the point representing the complex number is the
reflection of the point representing on the
o The important property of is that the product is real since:

NB:
o When dividing complex numbers we use the complex conjugate.

Example

Simplify where and

Suggested solution

[Multiply the numerator and denominator of by ie ]

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 The Polar form of a complex number

Im

Re

o In the diagram above and

o If is the point representing the complex number , it follows that may be
written in the form
o This is called the polar form or modulus argument form of a complex number.
o A complex number may be written in the form where
and
o For brevity, can be written as

Example

1. Express in polar form, giving exact values of and where possible, or value

to two d.p.
2. Write in the form , where and .

a)

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 b)

Suggested solution

NB: Multiply the numerator and denominator of by the conjugate

i.e. ]

(i)

(ii) From the argand diagram, lies in the second quadrant hence

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 Products and Quotients of complex number in their Polar form

o If and then:
and

Example

Simplify where and

Suggested Solution

NB Use the identities:

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 Problems involving complex numbers

o You can solve problems by equating real parts and imaginary parts from each side of an
equation involving complex numbers.
o This technique can be used to find the square roots of a complex number
o If , then and

Worked Examples

Example 1
If where and are real, find the value of and the value of
Suggested Solution

So
(i) (Equating real parts)
(ii) (Equating imaginary parts)
Adding (i) and (ii):
(i)

Example 2
Find the square root of .
Suggested Solution
Suppose the square root of is where and are real.

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Equating real parts and Imaginary parts together:
(i)
(ii)
From (ii):

The roots are

Example 3

Simplify , giving your answer in the form

Suggested Solution

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Let br

Polynomials: Roots of Polynomial equations with real coefficients

o If the roots and of a quadratic equation are complex, and are always a complex
conjugate pair
o Given any complex root of a quadratic equation you can find the equation
o Complex roots of a polynomial equation with real coefficients occur in conjugate pairs
o Suppose the equation has roots , and
then the

(i) sum of the roots

(ii) sum of the products of all possible pairs of roots

(iii)sum of products of all possible combinations of roots taken three at a time, and

so on

(iv) product of roots .

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Worked problems

Example 1

Given that the root of is . Find the other roots.

Suggested Solution

The other root is (conjugate).

Since sum of roots :

Let the 3rd root .

Hence

Example 2
ZIMSEC 2018 Paper 1 #1
The equation is as one of its roots. Find the other roots. [3]
Suggested Solution
The other root is (conjugate).

Since sum of roots :

Let the 3rd root .

Hence -

.
.

Example 3
is one of the roots of a quadratic equation. Find its equation.
Suggested Solution
The other root is (conjugate).

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NB: The equation with roots is

Example 4
Show that is a solution of the cubic equation .
Hence solve the equation completely.
Suggested Solution
Let
If the

is a solution.

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NB: For a cubic equation either

o all the three roots are real or

o one of the roots is real and the other two roots form a complex conjugate pair.

Further consideration of and

o Let where and .

o The points and represent and respectively, on Argand diagram.
o . Hence becomes a parallelogram.

o i.e. is the length of

in the Argand diagram.

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 o is the angle between and the positive direction of the .

NB:

Example
Find and if and .
Solution

Now:

and

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 LOCI ON ARGAND DIAGRAM

o A locus is a path traced out by a plant subjected to certain restrictions.

o Paths can be traced out by points representing variable complex numbers on an Argand
diagram just as they can in any other coordinate system.

Types of LOCI
1) represents a circle with centre and radius .
If the point represents the complex number : , then the distance of from
the origin is a constant and so will trace out a circle.

2) represents a circle with centre and radius .

If , where is a fixed complex number represented by point on an
argand diagram then represents the distance and is constant. It follows
that must lie on a circle with centre and radius .

3) and
If or then the point representing cannot lie only on the
circumference ( NB: for ), but also anywhere inside the circle. The

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 locus is therefore the region on ( NB: for ) and within the circle with
centre and radius .

a) b)

NB: also represents a circle

4) represents a straight line. It is the perpendicular bisector of the line

joining and . NB:

5) . The locus is not only the perpendicular bisector of , but also

the whole half plane, in which lies, bounded by this bisector.

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 NB: All the loci considered so far have been related to distances - there are

also simple Loci in Argand diagrams involving angles.

The simplest case is the locus of P subject to the conditions that where
is a fixed angle.

6) represents the half line through inclined at an angle to the positive

direction of .

NB: The locus of is only a half line - the other half, shown dotted in the

diagram below, would have the equation possibly if

falls outside the specified range for

7) represents the half line through the point inclined at an angle to

the positive direction of .

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8) indicates that the angle between and the positive
lies between and , so that can be on or within the two half line as sown in the
diagram below.

9) describes an arc with end points and making an angle . Draw an

arc starting from to .

NB: If is positive, then draw the arc going anticlockwise ( ) and if is

negative then draw the arc going clockwise ( )

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Solved Examples

Question 1

Sketch on argand diagram the locus of points satisfying:

a) b) c)

Suggested Solution

a) b) c)

Question 2

Sketch on argand diagram the locus of points satisfying:

a)

b)

c)

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Suggested Solution

a) b) c)

Question 3

The point represents a complex number on an Argand diagram, where

Show that the locus of is a circle, giving the coordinates of the centre and the radius of this
circle.

Solution

Let

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Question 3

Sketch on argand diagram the locus of points satisfying:

Solution

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Solved Past Examination Questions

Question 1

ZIMSEC JUNE 2019 PAPER 2

On a single diagram shade the region defined by the inequalities

and [3]

Solution

The required region is:

Im

Re

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Question 2

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2019 PAPER 2

The complex number satisfies the inequalities and .

Sketch and shade on an Argand diagram the region represented by the inequalities. [4]

Solution

-2 2

-2

The required region is:

Im

Re
-2 2

-2

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 DEMOIVRE’S THEOREM

o Given that is a complex number and is a positive integer, then

NB: DeMoivre’s theorem holds not only when is a positive integer, but also

when it is negative and even when it is fractional

o The DeMoivre’s theorem can also be written as

o can also be written as

NB: One very important application of DeMoivre’s theorem is in condition of

complex numbers of the form

Solved Problems

Example 1

Simplify

Suggested solution

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Example 2

Find in the form

Suggested solution

NB: (i) Clearly it would not be practical to multiply by itself ten times.

(ii) Express it in polar form.

Thus and

Example 3

Simplify

Suggested solution

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NB: DeMoivre’s theorem applies only to expression in the form
and not , so the expression to be simplified must be written in
the form

Hence

Example 4

Find in the form

Suggested solution

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Now

Example 5
If , show that

Hence use the DeMoivre’s theorem to show that

Suggested solution

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Now:

Using DeMoivre’s theorem

APPLICATION OF DEMOIVRE’S THEOREM IN ESTABLISHING

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Example 1
Show that
Suggested Solution
(Using DeMoivre’s Theorem)

Now:

(Since )
Now is the real part of the LHS of the equation, and the real parts of both sides can be
equated

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 (Since )

Example 2
Express in terms of .
Suggested Solution

NB: and are obtained from the expansion of

Now

Dividing every term by

Example 3
Express in terms of .
Suggested Solution

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NB: and are obtained from the expansion of

Now

Dividing every term by

EXPRESSIONS FOR POWERS OF AND IN TERMS OF

SINES AND COSINES OF MULTIPLES

o Expressions for powers of and in terms of sines and cosines of multiples of

canbe derived using the following results:
Suppose , then

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o Therefore if then

(i) Adding and

(ii) Subtracting

NB: If : and

o Also ,

o Then

o Combining and as before:

(i) Adding and

(ii) Subtracting

NB: If : and

NB: A common mistake is to omit the in , so make a point of

remembering this result carefully.

Solved Examples

Example 1

Use DeMoivre’s Theorem to show that

Suggested Solution

Suppose then

Now

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Using the results established earlier:

and

Hence

NB: One very succesful application of the example above would be integrating

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Example 2

a) Show that

b) Evaluate

Suggested Solution

(i)

(ii)

Multiplying (i) and (ii)

Now and

Dividing by (

b)

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 Exponential Form of a Complex Number

If then and

Example
Express in the form .
Suggested Solution

(i)
(ii) From the argand diagram, lies in the fourth quadrant hence

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 The Cube Roots of Unity

o The cube roots of are numbers: when they are cubed their value is .
o They satisfy the equation .
o Clearly, one of the roots of is
) must be a factor of .
o Factorising (after performing long division) we get ) )
o Now the other roots come from the quadratic equation .
o If one of these roots is denoted by , then satisfies the equation so
that .
o It can also be shown that if is a roots of then is also a root, in fact, the
other root.
o i.e. Substituting into the left hand side of gives
, as since is a solution of .
o Thus the cube roots are , and , where and are non-real.
o can be expressed in the form .
i.e.

NB: It doesn’t matter whether is labelled as or as because each is

the square of the other.

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In other words of then:

If , then .

o Now the cube roots of unity are , and , where:

(i)
(ii)

(iii)the non-real roots are and

Solved Examples

Example 1
Simplify where is a complex cube root of .
Suggested Solution
{because }

{because }

{because }

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Example 2
Show that

Suggested Solution
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Now the equation simplifies to

Multiply the first term by and the second term by (NB: Multiply both on the numerator
and the denominator)

But

{Since }

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 The Nth Roots of Unity

o The equation clearly has at least one root, namely , but actually has
many more , most of which (If not all) are complex.
o To find the remaining roots, the right hand side of the equation should be
expressed in exponential form,

o Taking the nth root of both sides gives

o Different integer values of will give rise to different roots

o Thus the equation has roots:

Worked Examples

Example 1
Find in the form , the roots of the equation and illustrate these roots on an
argand diagram.
Suggested Solution

Thus the roots are:

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To summarise the sixth roots:

Im

Re

NB: (i) The arguments of the roots should be between – and instead of

and . In the example above the roots would be given as for

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(ii) Some equation may not involve unity so they are treated as the example

below:

Example 2

Solve

Suggested solution

The only difference would be the modulus of each root would be instead of , with

the consequence that the six roots of would lie on the circle instead

Solutions of the Binomial Equations

Case 1
where is a real positive number and is a fraction.

where

Case 2
where is a real negative number and is a fraction.

where

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Example
Solve
Suggested Solution

where

The roots of where is a non-real number

o Every complex number of the form can be written in the form , where is
real and lies in an interval of (Ussually from to or from – )
o Suppose that
o Now (because )
o Similarly,
o So
o Taking the nth root of both sides

o The equation , where has roots:

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Worked Example

Example 1
Find the three roots of the equation
Suggested Solution
Express in exponential form.
Im

Re

(i)
(ii) From the argand diagram, lies in the first quadrant hence

The roots are

NB: These roots can be written in the form i.e.

for .

NB: You can also express them in the form .

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 SOLVED PAST EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

Question 1
ZIMSEC JUNE 2010 PAPER 2
Express in the form . Hence or otherwise find all the fourth roots
of .
Suggested Solution

Let

Im

Re

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Question 2

ZIMSEC JUNE 2013

Using the substitution , solve the equation where is a complex

number.

Suggested Solution

Let

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But

NOW

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ALSO:

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 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Question 1

Solve the following equation , giving your answer in the form

Question 2
Solve the following equations and express them in the form . Answers are in red.

a)

b)

c)

Question 3

a) Use DeMoivre’s theorem to show that

b) By solving the equation , deduce that .

c) Hence, or otherwise, write down the exact values of , and

Question 4

a) Express in the form , where , where and

are exact values.
b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation leaving your answers in the form
,where is the modulus of and is a rational number such that
.
c) Show on an Argand diagram the points representing your solution.

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Question 5

Express in the form where is an integer to be found.

Question 6
Use DeMoivre’s theorem to evaluate

a) b)

Question 7

a) If , use DeMoivre’s theorem to show that .

b) Express in term of and .

c) Hence , or otherwise, show that , where and are

constants.
d) Hence, or otherwise

where is a constant

e) Express in the form where is an integer to be

found.

Question 8
The region in an argand diagram is satisfied by the inequalities and .
Draw an argand diagram and shade in the region .

Question 9
a) Sketch in on the same Argand diagram:
(i) the locus of points representing ,
(ii) the locus of points representing ,

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 (iii)the locus of points representing .

The region in an argand diagram is satisfied by the inequalities

and .

b) On your sketch in part (a), identify, by shading the region .

Question 10
a) Find the solutions of the equation .
Hence, plot the answers on an Argand diagram.
b) Sketch on an Argand diagram the locus of points satisfying both
and .

Question 11
a) Express in terms of powers of .
b) Find the fifth roots of unity in trigonometric form.
c) Find the square roots of the complex number in the form where a and
b are real numbers.

Question 12

a) Simplify where

b) Find if and

c) Express and .

Question 13
a) Express in terms of powers of sin and hence show that

b) Find

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 giving your answer in exact form.

Question 14

a) (i) Express in the form

(ii) Hence find the sixth roots of , the complex number obtained above. Give
your answer in the form
b) (i) Sketch on an argand diagram the locus of points of where

(ii) Hence or otherwise state the Cartesian equation of this locus.

Question 15

a) The polynomial is denoted .

(i) Show that is a root of the equation .
(ii) State the other complex root of the equation .
(iii)Hence or otherwise find the other 2 roots of the equation

b) Simplify giving your answer in the form

c) Use DeMoivre’s theorem to show that

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 ZIMSEC PAST EXAMINATIONS QUESTIONS PAPER 1

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2003 SPECIMEN

a) Given that the imaginary part of is , where find possible values of .

[2]
b) Given that and .
(i) Calculate the modulus and argument of and .
(ii) Hence plot on an Argand diagram and . [4]
c) Given that , find the values of and . [4]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2003

Given that and , find

(i) , [1]
(ii) , [1]
(iii) , [2]
(iv) , [2]

Show the complex numbers and on the same Argand diagram, clearly labelling and
. [2]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2004

a) Express in modulus argument form. Hence find their simplest form the moduli
and arguments of numbers:
(i) ,
(ii) [6]
b) (i) Shade the area represented on an argand diagram by:
[2]
(ii) Sketch the locus of if
[3]

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ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2004

Given that , find

(i) and , [2]

(ii) in the form , where represents the conjugate and and are real
numbers. [2]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2005

The complex number has a modulus and argument .

a) Determine the value and . [2]

b) is the complex number . Find in the form and hence represent
on the Argand diagram. [3]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2006

a) Express the complex number in the form . Hence find and

. [4]
b) Show by substitution that is a root of the equation .
[3]

ZIMSEC NOVEMEBER 2006

The complex number satisfies the equation .

Find the value of and the value of . [4]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2008

Given the complex number ,

evaluate

(i) ,
(ii) . [3]

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 Plot the points and representing the complex numbers , ,
respectively on an Argand diagram. [2]
Hence name the quadrilateral , where is the origin. [1]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2008

A complex number has modulus and argument .

State the modulus and argument of . [2]

Using these values show the number on an Argand diagram, and hence express in the
form . [2]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2009

The complex number and it is given that

a) State the relationship between

(i) and ,
(ii) and , [2]
b) Given that , find r in the form where and are real numbers. [2]
c) The points and in an Argand diagram represent the complex numbers and
respectively.
(i) State the kind of quadrilateral that is, where is the origin.
(ii) Find the area of . [3]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2009

The complex numbers z and w are given by and .

Find

(i) , [1]
(ii) , [2]

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 (iii) in the form where and are exact.

Hence represent in an Argand diagram. [3]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2010

Express in the form , where and are real. [3]

Hence or otherwise find in the form where is a prime number. [2]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2011

It is given that and .

a) Find and in the form . [3]

b) if , obtain the exact values of the modulus and argument of . [4]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2011

a) The complex number u is such that .

Find
(i) the modulus of ,
(ii) the argument of . [4]
b) Given that complex number is .
Find in the form

(i) ,

(ii) . [4]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2012

The complex number .

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 a) Express w in the form where and are real. [2]
b) Find
(i) modulus of ,
(ii) argument of . [5]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2012

A complex number has modulus and is positioned as shown in the Argand diagram
above.

(i) State the principal argument of and write in the form where and are
exact real numbers. [3]
(ii) Find exactly in the form , the complex number , given that

. [2]

(iii)Show a sketch of in an Argand diagram, labelling the modulus and argument values
in your diagram. [3]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2013

Given that and ,

a) (i) show the complex numbers and on an argand diagram,

(ii) describe the geometrical transformation which maps ont . [3]

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 b) Find
(i) the modulus and argument of ,
(ii) ,

(iii) . [5]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2013

If and ,

Find

(i) the modulus and argument of . [2]

(ii) (a) ,

(b) . [4]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2014

Given that and ,

(i) show on a single argand diagram the complex numbers

1.

2. . [6]

(ii) find the modulus and argument of each case in and . [4]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2014

The complex number z satisfies the equation

Find

(i) z in the form , [3]

(ii) the modulus and argument of . [4]

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ZIMSEC JUNE 2015

The complex number and is such that

a) Find
(i) in the form
(ii) 1.
2. . [7]
b) Sketch on an argand diagram showing clearly the and . [2]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2015

Two complex numbers and are such that

and .

Find

(i) 1. ,
2. , [4]
(ii) the modulus of , [2]

(iii) the argument . [3]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2016

(i) Express the complex number in the form . [4]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find

1. in the form .
2. argument of . [6]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2017

The complex numbers and are such that and .

a) Find

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 (i) in the form [3]

(ii) [2]

(iii) [2]

b) Hence represent on a clearly labelled Argand diagram. [2]

ZIMSEC NOVEMEBR 2017

Given the complex numbers and , find

a) in the form , where and are real numbers

(i) [1]
(ii) [1]
b) the argument of . [2]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2018

The complex number

Find

a) the modulus of , [1]

b) the argument of the conjugate of , [2]

c) in the form . [3]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2019

A complex number is give by .

(a) Express in the form where and are real numbers. [2]
(b) Find the modulus and argument of . [2]
(c) Show the complex number on an Argand diagram. [1]

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 ZIMSEC PAST EXAMINATIONS QUESTIONS PAPER 2

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2019

a) The equation has a root

Find the other three roots. [6]
b) The complex number satisfies the inequalities and .

Sketch and shade on an Argand diagram the region represented by the

inequalities. [4]
c) Solve the equation giving your answers in the form
, correct to decimal places. [6]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2019

a) On a single diagram shade the region defined by the inequalities

b) Solve the equation . [6]

c) Use DeMoivre’s theorem to show that

. [7]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2018

a) It is given that and are factor of the polynomial

(i) Find the value of and . [5]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the roots of the equation . [5]

b) Find the real part of , giving your answer in exact form. [6]

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ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2017

d) Find the value of using the De Moivre’s Theorem. [4]

e) Express in terms of . [6]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2017

a) Given that the complex numbers and , where and are

numbers, satisfy the equation ,
find the value of and the value of . [4]
b) Indicate by shading on a single Argand diagram the region in which both of the
following inequalities are satisfied:

[3]
c) Use De-Moivres theorem to

(i) find the value of [2]

(ii) Show that . [2]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2016

a) Express in the form , the roots of the equation . [9]

b) show in an argand diagram. [2]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2015

(a) Is , and , sketch the locus of points

on the Argand diagram for which . [3]
(b) Hence, from (a) write down the number corresponding to the point on the locus for
which

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 (i) the imaginary part is ,
(ii) . [3]

(c) Given that ,

find
(i) ,
(ii) . [3]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2015

a) Given that , find the fifth roots of in the form . [8]

b) Given that is a root of the equation where and are

constants,
find
1. the other two roots.
2. the values of and . [6]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2013

(a) Using the substitution , solve the equation where is a

complex number. [10]

(b) The real part of the complex number is zero. Show that the locus of the point

representing in the Argand diagram plane is a circle centre and radius . [4]
(c) Sketch in an argand diagram the set of points representing all complex numbers

satsfying both the inequalities and . [3]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2012

(a) Simplify , giving your answer in the form [4]

(b) (i) Simplify , [2]

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 (ii) Use De Moivre’s theorem to express in terms of . [6]
(c) (i) Sketch an argand diagram of the locus of where
(ii) Hence or otherwise state the Cartesian equation of the locus. [5]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2011

(a) Express in exponential form . [5]

(b) (i) Prove that based on DeMoivre’s theorem.

(ii) Hence find the first four exact values of for which
. [10]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2009

Given that . Show that . [3]

Hence express in terms of and using De Moivre’s theorem. [4]

a) Express in the form where and . [3]

b) Given that is a root of the equation ,
find the other three roots. [5]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2008

a) Find the modulus and argument of for . [4]

b) Sketch in an Argand diagram the set of points representing all complex numbers
satisfying both of the inequalities.
[3]
c) Use DeMoivre’s theorem to express in terms of . [5]

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ZIMSEC JUNE 2007

a) Illustrate on an Argand diagram the set of points representing the complex number
satisfying both
and . [3]

b) Given that and , find the

modulus and argument of

(i) , [2]

(ii) . [2]

c) Given that , prove that . [3]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2006

a) The equation has as one of its roots.

(i) Find the other two roots. [5]
(ii) Sketch these roots in an Argand diagram. [2]
b) Express in the form . [3]
Hence find the 4th root of , giving your answers correct to
decimal places. [5]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2005

a) By using the substitution , show that the Cartesian equation of the circle
representing the complex number , where
, can be expressed in the form , where
and are integers. [3]
Sketch this circle on an Argand diagram. [3]
b) Using De Moivre’s theorem to express in terms of powers of . [6]
c) Solve the equation giving your answers in the form
. [8]

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ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2004

A complex number has modulus and argument . Another complex number has

modulus and argument .

a) Write each of the complex numbers in the form .

(i) , [6]

(ii) . [6]

b) Find the smallest value such that [3]

ZIMSEC JUNE 2004

a) Use De Moivre’s theorem to express in terms of powers of . [5]

b) Given that , find all possible values of giving your answers in the
form with and correct to [7]
c) Sketch on an Argand diagram the locus of , where

[2]
Hence or otherwise state the Cartesian equation of the locus. [1]

ZIMSEC NOVEMBER 2003

a) Sketch the following locus on an Argand diagram

[4]
b) Express in terms of cosines of multiple angles. [7]
c) Show that is a root of the equation .
Hence find the other two roots. [6]

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ASANTE SANA

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*******THERE IS A LIGHT AT THE END OF EVERY TUNNEL *******

CONSTRUCTIVE COMMENTS ON THE FORM

OF THE PRESENTATION, INCLUDING ANY
OMISSIONS OR ERRORS, ARE WELCOME.

***ENJOY***

Nyasha P. Tarakino (Trockers)

+263772978155/+263717267175

ntarakino@gmail.com

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