Scribd
Upload
30 views11 pages

LECT-15 - Pavement Materials-I

The document discusses materials used in pavement construction including surface, binder, base, subbase, and subgrade layers. It describes desirable properties of subgrade soil and various laboratory tests conducted on soil samples for pavement design including index properties, compaction characteristics, CBR, resilient modulus, and plate bearing tests.

Uploaded by

Miran Sheikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views11 pages

LECT-15 - Pavement Materials-I

The document discusses materials used in pavement construction including surface, binder, base, subbase, and subgrade layers. It describes desirable properties of subgrade soil and various laboratory tests conducted on soil samples for pavement design including index properties, compaction characteristics, CBR, resilient modulus, and plate bearing tests.

Uploaded by

Miran Sheikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Pavement Materials

Pavement
• A highway pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers
of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary
function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade
• Function of pavement
• Reduce the stress due to vehicle load so that it will not exceed
bearing capacity of the sub-grade
• provide a surface of acceptable riding quality
• adequate skid resistance
• favorable light reflecting characteristics
• low noise pollution
• Proper selection of pavement materials having desirable
properties is key to achieve a good pavement
Materials used in Pavement

Pavement Layer Material used


Surface Bituminous mix ( crushed rock/crushed gravel + bitumen)
Binder Bituminous mix ( crushed rock/crushed gravel + bitumen)
Base Crushed stone, crushed slag, over burnt bricks
Subbase natural sand, aggregate (crushed gravel, crushed stone, crushed slag or combination), soft
aggregate (brick ballast, kankar, laterite) crushed concrete, lime/cement/ cement-flyash
treated soil or aggregate
Compacted Subgrade In-situ soil, borrowed soil, stabilized soil
Natural Subgrade In-situ soil
Soil
• Soil is an accumulation or deposit of earth material, derived naturally from the disintegration
of rocks or decay of vegetation
• Used in- subgrade, embankment, shoulder, subbase (stabilized soil)
• Primary function is to provide adequate support to the pavement
• Undisturbed soil beneath the pavement is called natural sub grade
• Compacted sub grade is the soil compacted by compaction equipment
Desirable Properties of Subgrade Soil
• Stability
To reduce permanent deformation under traffic load

• Incompressibility

• Permanency of strength

Resistance to weathering and retention of support,


• Minimum changes in volume reduction in differential settlement
and stability under adverse
conditions of weather and
ground water

• Good drainage To reduce moisture retention and possible frost action

• Ease of compaction To ensure higher density and strength with minimum


compaction
Laboratory Test on Soil for Pavement Application
• Index Properties
• Grain size distribution
• Atterberg Limits (Liquid limit, Plastic Limit, Shrinkage Limit)
• Compaction characteristics (OMC and MDD)
• Strength
• CBR (California Bearing Ratio) test
• Resilient Modulus test
• Plate bearing test
Laboratory Test on Soil for Pavement Application
• CBR Test
• California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test was developed by the California Division of Highway as a
method of classifying and evaluating soil-sub grade and base course materials for flexible pavements.
• Empirical tests measure the strength of the material and are not a true representation of the resilient
modulus
• Load is applied on the sample by a standard plunger with dia of 50 mm at the rate of 1.25 mm/min.
• A load penetration curve is drawn. The load values on standard crushed stones are 1370 kg and 2055
kg at 2.5 mm and 5.0 mm penetrations respectively.

𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛


𝐶𝐵𝑅 = × 100
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑎
Laboratory Test on Soil for Pavement Application

• In most cases, CBR decreases as the penetration increases.


• The ratio at 2.5 mm penetration is used as the CBR. In some case, the ratio at 5 mm may be greater
than that at 2.5 mm. If this occurs, the ratio at 5 mm should be used.
Laboratory Test on Soil for Pavement Application
• Resilient Modulus test
• Resilient Modulus (MR) is the ratio of applied cyclic deviatoric stress to resilient strain
• It is determined in Repeated Load Triaxial Test (dynamic test-better simulate field condition)

• MR used in pavement design. When value not available, can be co-related from CBR value
Laboratory Test on Soil for Pavement Application
• Plate Bearing Test
• The plate-bearing test was originally meant to find the modulus of sub grade reaction (K) in the
Westergaard's analysis for wheel load stresses in cement concrete pavements.
• In plate bearing test, a compressive stress is applied to the soil or pavement layer through rigid
plates relatively large size and the deflections are measured for various stress values.
• The deflection level is generally limited to a low value, in the order of 1.25 to 5 mm and so the
deformation caused may be partly elastic and partly plastic due to compaction of the stressed mass
with negligible plastic deformation
Laboratory Test on Soil for Pavement Application
• Plate Bearing Test
• A load is applied by means of jack, sufficient to cause an average settlement of about 0.25 cm.
When there is no perceptible increase in settlement or when the rate of settlement is less than
0.025 mm per minute (in the case of soils with high moisture content or in clayey soils) the load
dial reading and the settlement dial readings are noted.
• Load is then increased till settlement increased to further amount of 0.25 mm and then avg.
settlement and load is found out
• this procedure is repeated till settlement reaches 0.175cm
• A graph is plotted between avg. settlement and bearing pressure
• The pressure ‘p’ corresponding to the settlement of 0.125cm is read and K value id determined
using the formula

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy