Third Year Seconday

Third Year Secondry

Parts of
speech &
Punctuation
marks

Session 1
Name : -------------------------------------------
Class: -----------------------------------------------

English Trainer : Mr. Ahmed Adly

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Mr. Ahmed Adly
 Third Year Seconday

1. PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Noun : :
- A noun is a word that identifies a person (man, girl, engineer, friend), a thing (horse, wall,
flower, country), or an idea, quality, or state (anger, courage, life, luckiness)
2. Verb : :
- A verb describes what a person or thing does or what happens.
- For example, verbs describe an action (jump, stop, explore), an event (snow, happen), a situation
(be, seem, have) or a change (evolve, shrink, widen).
3. Adjective:‫س‬
- An adjective is a word that describes a noun, giving extra information about it.
- For example: an exciting adventure / a green apple / a tidy room.
4. Adverb :
- An adverb is a word used to give information about a verb, adjective, or other adverb.
- Ex: She nearly lost everything.
5. Pronoun :
- Pronouns are used in place of a noun that is known or has already been mentioned.
- This is often done in order to avoid repeating the noun.
- Ex: * Mona left early because she was tired. * Ahmed brought the avocados with him. * That is
the only option left. * Something will have to change.
6. Preposition :
- A preposition is a word such as after, in, to, on, and with.
- Prepositions are usually used in front of nouns or pronouns and they show the relationship
between the noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.
- They describe, for example, the position of something, the time when something happens,
or the way in which something is done.
7. Conjunction :
- A conjunction (a connective) is a word such as and, because, but, for, if, or, and when.
- Conjunctions are used to connect phrases, clauses, and sentences.
8. Determiner :
- It is a word that introduces a noun, such as a/an, the, every, this, those, or many.
- Ex: a dog, the dog, this dog, those dogs, every dog, many dogs.
9. Exclamation (Interjection) :
- An exclamation (an interjection) is a word or phrase that expresses strong emotion, such
as surprise, pleasure, or anger.
- Ex: ouch / god / oh / alas.

TEST YOURSELF
1. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1. “Luckily, they didn‟t get hurt.” The word “luckily” is a/an ………………
a. conjunction b. adverb c. pronoun d. noun
2. Which word in the following sentence is an adverb “She played well but lost the game”?
a. game b. well c. lost d. played
3. Adverbs describe ……………….
a. names b. nouns c. verbs d. prepositions
4. “Rarely does she visit us.” “Rarely” is a/an ………………
a. preposition b. conjunction c. adverb d. adjective
5. “She fell off the horse.” “Off” is a/an …………………
a. adverb b. preposition c. adjective d. pronoun
6. “She studied hard and got good marks.” “And” is a/an ……………………
a. preposition b. conjunction c. adverb d. adjective
7. “He is an artist.” “An” is a/an …………………

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a. article b. conjunction c. noun d. preposition

8. “She nearly lost everything.” The word “nearly” is a/an …………………
a. verb b. preposition c. adverb d. adjective
9. Pronouns are used in place of a ……………. that is known or has already been mentioned.
a. noun b. adverb c. adjective d. verb
10. “Ouch” is a/an ………………….
a. verb b. interjection c. adverb d. adjective

2. CAPITALIZATION
1. Names of people:
* Adel - Ahmed - Elham - Eman - Ali - Alaa - Jana - Mariam.
2. Names of continents, countries, capitals, cities, towns and regions:
* Africa - Asia - Egypt - Iraq - Algeria - Cairo - Alexandria - Luxor - Aswan.
3. Names of seas, oceans, lakes, rivers, mountains and cliffs:
* The Mediterranean Sea - The Red Sea - The Dead Sea - The Atlantic Ocean - The Pacific
Ocean - Lake Nasser - The River Nile
4. Adjectives formed from proper names (Nationalities) / Languages:
* Egyptian - English - French – Syrian. / * Italian – Spanish – Arabic – Chinese.
5. The first letter of the first word of a new sentence:
* They go to school. They go at 6 every day.
* Where are you going? Have they called you?
6. The first letter of the first word of a quotation:
* She said; "Please open the door."
7. The names of days, months and festivals:
* Saturday - January - April - May - Christmas
8. The pronoun (I) is always capital:
* Hatem and I visited our uncle yesterday.
9. Titles of offices:
* President Sadat - King Hussien - Prince William - Princess Diana
10. For abbreviation:
* Mr - Mrs - Ms - Dr - St - USA - UK - A.U.E - A.R.E. – TV – CD - OK
11. Forms of addresses in letter:
* Dear Sir - Dear Miss - Dear Friend
12. Titles of books, newspapers, magazines, films, plays and series:
* El-Ayam - Al-Ahram - Titanic
13. Titles of heavenly books:
* The Quran - The Old Testament (The Bible) - The Torah.
14. The word "God" and the pronoun that stands for it:
* We pray to God and please Him.
15. Directions when referring to a certain area:
* We have had 3 relatives visit from the South.
16. Titles: All words of the title except prepositions and articles:
* The Day of the Jackal / What Color Is Your Parachute? / A Tale of Two Cities.
TEST YOURSELF
Circle the words in the following sentences that need a capital letter There are 25.
1. my favorite books are green eggs and ham and horton hears a who.
2. on sunday, i will see the movie star wars and eat at taco bell.
3. terry and louis went to central park last july.
4. she has a friend from london, england.
5. did you know that abraham lincoln was the sixteenth president?

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Mr. Ahmed Adly
 Third Year Seconday

3.PUNCTUATION MARKS
A. Use of commas (,):
1. To separate items:
* I go to the market to buy potatoes, tomatoes, oranges and mangoes.
2. To separate clauses from the rest of the sentences:
* Our teacher, Mr Ali, is always helpful.
3. Before quotations:
* I said to Mona, "I went to Alexandria yesterday."
4. To show a pause in a long sentence :
* Nady, who I told you about, will be coming.
5. When you want to add extra information:
* Miss Azza, who teaches us English this year, is a very kind teacher.
6. Before the question tag:
* Ahmed visits his uncle once a week, doesn't he?
7. After (Yes / No / Well / Sure / Of course / Excuse me / Sorry):
* Yes, this is important.
8. Before (please):
* Can you give me an explanation for this, please?
9. To separate items of a complete date:
* December 5, 2003.
10. To separate items of a complete location (address):
* San Francisco, California
11. Before and after the person we call:
* Ali, you have to come now.
* You have to come now, Ali.
12. Before and after a quotation which is a statement:
* She said, “I was in London last year.”
* “I was in London last year,” she said.
13. Before a quotation which is a question but not after it:
* Ali asked, "Where are you going?"
* "Where are you going?" asked Ali.
14. To separate the two parts of a sentence starting with a conjunction:
* Before he left, he had finished his work.
* While I was going to school, I saw a terrible accident.
14. To separate the two parts of a sentence starting with Gerund, P.P or To + Infinitive:
* Having done his work, he went home.
* Looking out of the window, I saw some birds.
* Injured in the accident, he was taken to hospital.
* To win the game, you must train hard.
15. Before the second part of a sentence if it expresses contrast:
* I„m tired, not bored.
16. After adverbs that come at the beginning of a sentence:
* Luckily, she was not injured.
* Surprisingly, the item is available there.
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B. Use of full stop (.)
1. At the end of a statement or an order:
* I travelled to Europe last year.
* Don„t make noise.
2. Sometimes after the abbreviations:
* Dr. Ahmed - Mrs. Samy - Dr. Ali - Ramses St. – Sept. (September) – Mon. (Monday)
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 Third Year Seconday

C. Use of the question mark (?)

1. At the end of a question:
* Where did you go last Friday?
* She plays tennis, doesn't she?
2. To show doubt:
* Nader was the thief ?
* You can't do it?
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D. Use of the exclamation mark (!)
At the end of a sentence to express a strong feeling, surprise or shock.
* Hurrah! Our team has won. * Fantastic! You got a high mark. * What a surprise!
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E. Use of the quotation marks (" "):
1. To show that words are spoken: * I said to Ali, "I will travel to London next week".
2. To enclose titles of books, newspapers, magazines, films, plays and series:
* "Al Akhbar" is a great newspaper. * I have read "Macbeth".
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F. Use of apostrophe ('):
1. For the missing letters: * It's hot today. * She isn't playing now.
2. For possessives: * It is Omar's book. * They are Heba's shoes.
3. For numbers: * 100„s of years.
4. For counting letters: * There are two T„s in the word ―title.
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G. Use of colon (:)
- To introduce a list or quotation in a sentence:
* He needs the following: paints, brushes, some water and a piece of cloth.
- It introduces a specific example or explanation.
*He had one problem: there was no way to get there in time.
- To express proportion:
* The ratio of boys to girls in the group is 2:1.
- To separate minutes from hours while telling the time:
* - What is the time? – It„s 10:30.
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H. Use of semi-colon (;)
- we use it to show a connection between two complete sentences. A semicolon is similar to a full
stop.
* I spoke to Omar last night; he won't come to school tomorrow.
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I. Use of hyphen (-):
- To join two words together:
* I'm looking for a web-pal.
-when you use certain prefixes, like ‘ex-’ or ‘self-’
Non-smokers generally need to pay much less for health insurance.
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J. Use of dash (-):
-Dashes are used to add extra information to a sentence. Remember that commas can also do this.
* The car-the one with the broken window-was parked outside our house.
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K. Use of parentheses ( ):
-Like commas and dashes, parentheses can be used to add some extra, non-essential information to
your sentence. Often, the information in parentheses is a date, a name or a statistic.
*Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893-1930) was one of the most famous poets of the revolution era.
* The percentage of under-30s doing regular exercise was lower (45%) than that of people over 45 (52%).

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Mr. Ahmed Adly
 Third Year Seconday

TEST YOURSELF
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1. Which sentence is correct?
a. Ali speaks French and Italian well. b. Ali speaks french and Italian well.
c. Ali speaks French and italian well. d. Ali speaks French and Italian, well.

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Mr. Ahmed Adly
Third Year Seconday

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Mr. Ahmed Adly
Third Year Seconday

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Mr. Ahmed Adly