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Chemistry Project Class-12

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Bighnaraj Parichha
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61 views6 pages

Chemistry Project Class-12

Uploaded by

Bighnaraj Parichha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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KV ARC CHARBATIA

ACADEMIC YEAR : 2021-2022

NAME : SWAGAT SOURAV MALLICK


CLASS : XII
SEC : ‘B’
SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY
ROLL NO : 22
PROJECT GUIDE : SASMITA MAM
Abstract
Aim is to study the effect of addition of sodium carbonate on
foaming capacity of a soap. Soaps and detergents are cleaning
ingredients that are able to remove oil particles from surfaces
because of their unique chemical properties. Soaps are created
by the chemical reaction of a jetty acid with on alkali metal
hydroxide. In a chemical sense soap is a salt made up of a
corboxylix acid and an alkali like sodium of potassium.The
cleaning action of soap and detergents is a result of thrill, ability
to surround oil particles on a surface and disperse it in water.
Bar soap has been used for centuries and continues to be an
important product for batching and cleaning. It is also a mild
antiseptic and ingestible antidote for certain poisons. SOAP
Soap is a common term for a number of related compounds
used as of washing clothes or bathing. Soaps are sodium or
potassium salts of higher fatty acids such as stearic acid (C17
H35 COOH), palmittic acid (C15 H31 COOH) and oleic acid
(C17H35 COOH) they have the general formula RCOONa and R
COONa. Soap is produced by a saponification or basic hydrolysis
reaction of a fat or oil. Currently sodium carbonate or sodium
hydroxide is used to neutralize the fatty acid and convert it to
the salt..
General Overall Hydrolysis
Reaction

Although the reaction is shown as one step reaction, it is in fact


two steps. The net effect as that the ester bonds all broken. The
glycerol turns back into an alcohol. The fatty acid is turned into
a salt due to the presence of abasic solution of NaoH. In the
carboxyl group, one oxygen now has a negative charge that
attacts the positive sodium ion. A molecule of soap consists of
two parts.
a) Alkyl group – it is oil soluble
b) Corboxyl group – It is water soluble

Types of soaps
The type of fatty acid and length of the carbon chain
determines the unique properties of various soaps. Tallow or
animal fats give plimarily sodium stearate (18 carbons) a very
hard, insoluble soap. Fatty acids with longer chains are even
more insoluble. As a matter of fact, 3inc stearate is used in
talcum powders because it is water repellent. Coconut oil is a
source of lauric acid (12 carbons) which can be made into
sodium lourate. This soap is very soluble and will lather easily
even in sea water. Fatty acids with only 10 or fewer carbons are
not used in soaps because they irritate the skin and have
objectionable odors

Materials Required:
(a) Apparatus One 100ml conical flask, 20ml test tubes,
100ml measuring cylinder, test tube stand, weight box,
stop watch and burner.

(b) Chemicals Soap samples, distilled water, tap water


and m/10 Na2Co3 solution.

Theory
Calcium and magnesium ions present in the tap water interfere
in the foaming capacity of soap. These ions combine with soap
and form insoluble calcium and magnesium salts which get
precipitated

Therefore, the presence of these ions effect the foaming


capacity of soap and hence their cleaning capacity. When
Na2CO3 is added to the tap water, calcium and magnesium ions
gets precipitated as their carbonates in the presence of
Na2CO3

Foaming capacity of the water increases. In order determine


the effect of NO2CO3 on the foaming capacity of asample of
soap it is first shaken with distrilled water there with top water
and finally with top water containing equal volume of M/10
Na2CO3 solution and then the time taken for siroppealance of
foam it noted

Procedure
1. Weigh accurately 0.5g of the given amount of soap and
transfer to a 100ml of conical flask. Add 50ml of distilled
water and wolm to dissolve till clear solution is obtained.

2. Take three 20ml test tubes and label them as 1,2 and A,B
and C. To test tube A add 10ml of distilled water, to test
tube C add 5ml of tap water 5ml of M/10 Na2CO3
solution.

3. Add 1ml of soap solution to each tube.


4. Cork test tube A tightly and shake vigorously for 1minute.
Place the test tube on the test tube stand and start the
stop watch immediately. Note the taken for the
disappearance of foam.

5. Repeat the same procedure for test tube B and C, rate the
time taken for the disappearance of foam

Observation Table

Weight of soap taken = 0.5g


Volume of distilled water taken for propering solution = 50ml

Conclusion
• Foaming capacity of tap water increases on addition of
Na2CO3 solution.

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