Semester: Autumn 2021

Book: Business Mathematics (1429)

Q. 1 (a) The Metrology Department has collected the following data for showfall in Murree during the month
of January.

i) What is the probability that there will be 3 or more snowfalls this January?

ii) What is the probability that there will be at max 6 snowfalls this January?

Answer

i) What is the probability that there will be 3 or more snowfalls this January? P<3=(P=3)+(P=4) + (P=5) + (P=0+P =
7) (P=8) + (P=9)+(P= more than 9)

= 0.02 +0.05+0.1+0.13+0.204025 +0.08+0.05

0.88

So there is 88% probability that there will be 3 or more snowfalls this January.

ii) What is the probability that there will be at max 6 snowfalls this January? The probability of maximum 6 sty
wfalls will be equal to the sum of probabilities from 0 to 6.

P max 6 (P=0)+(P (P2)+(P=3)+(P=4) + (P=5) + (P=6)

-0.02 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.05+0.10 +0.13

=0.42

The probability of maximum 6 snowfalls will be 42%)

(b) Given the card are selected at random, without replacement, from a standard 52-card deck, determine the
probability that:
i) The first 2 cards are hearts

ii) The first is a spade, the second a club, the third a heart, and the fourth a diamond.

iii) 3 aces are selected in a row

V ) No aces are included in the first 4 cards

Answer

i) The first 2 cards are hearts.

There are total 52 cards in a deck. In these 52 cards 13 are hearts, 13 are clubs, 13 are spades and 13 are
diamonds. The probability of heart is 13/52. In 2nd attempt without replacement the probability of coming
another heart is 12/51. This is due to the reason that after one card is withdrawn, 5.1 cards will leave behind. So,
the probability of coming another heart will be 12/51.

In this case the probability of first two cards are heart will become-Pa P P Ps 13/52 12/51

= 156/2704

= 0.058

= 5.8%

ii) The first is a spade, the second a club, the third a heart, and the fourth a diamond.

The Probability of spade to appear first will be 13/52

P. 13/52

= 0.25

= 25% Now, 51 cards will be left behind. The probability of appearing club will be 13/51.

P=13/51

= 0.254 = 25.4%

50 cards will be left behind

Probability of appearing hester-wille

= 0.26

= 26%

Probability of appearing diamond will be 13/49

Pa 13/49 <= 0.265

26.5%

a diamond In order to find the probability of finding a spade first, a club second, a heart third a fourth, we have
to multiply all probabilities given above.

Puch (13/52) (13/51) (13/50) (13/49)

=2197/499800

= 0.0044

0.44%

iii) 3 aces are selected in a row

A deck has 4 aces in it. There are 52 cards in a deck. So, the probability of appearing an ace will be 4/52 in first
try, 3/51 in 2nd try and 2/50 in third try. The probability of appearing 3 aces in a row will be product of above
three probabilities.

Pa 4/52 3/512/50 = 24/132600

-0.00018 =0.018%

iv) No aces are included in the first 4 cards.

Probability coming ace in 1,2,3 and 4 attempt will be 4/52, 4/51, 4/50 and 4/49 without replacement. Now if we
take it in a reverse direction than we can find the probability of no aces Probability of coming no ace in 1, 2, 3 an
Attempt will be 48/52 or 12/13, 47/51, 46/50 or 23/25 and 45/49. If we multiply these four probabilities than
we can find out the probability of no ace in first four cards without replacement

in first 4 cards without.

Pats 4,669,920/6,497,400

= 0,719 =71.9%

Q 2 (a): The sample space of an experiment consists of five simple events: E₁, E2, Es, Ea and Es. These events
are mutually exclusive. The probabilities of occurrence of these events are P(E)=20, PIE₂).15, POEM.25, P(E)=
30, P(Es) -.10. Several compound events can be defined for this experiment. They are: F= [E1, E2, Es), G=(E₁, Es,
Es), H= [E4, Es). Determine

(1) P(G) (ii) PEUG) (iii) P(GUH) (iv) P(FH) (v) P(FG)

Answer

OPGOHE P(G)- 1-P(G)

= 1-(PEP(E₁) + P(Es)) +0.10)

= 1-(0.20+0.25

<= 1-0.55

= 0.45

(ii) P(FUG)

Answer

FUG = (E₁, E₂, Es) U (E₁, E₁, Es)

= (E₁, E₂, Es, Es]

P(FUG)=P(E₁) P(E₂) P(E)

+ P(Es)

=0.20+ 0.15+0.25 +0.10

(iii) P(GUH)

= 0.70

GUH (E₁, E₁, Es) U (E. Es)

= (E₁, Es. Ed. Es)

= P(E₁) + P(E₁) P(E) + P(E) = 0.20+0.25 +0.30 0.101

P(GUH) 0.85

(iv) P(FH) FnH = (E₁. E. Es) n (E4, E5)

=0

P(FH)=0
(v) P(FG)

FnG=(E₁, E₂, E) n. (E₁. E. Es). JO

P(E₁) + P(E)

= 0.20 +0.25

= 0.45

(b) Five cards are selected at random from a deck of 52. If the drawn cards are not replaced in the deck, what
the probability of selecting an ace, king, ace, jack and ace, in that order?

Answer

The probability of an ace selection in 1" attempt is 4/52.

We know that there are four aces, four kings and four jacks present in a deck of 52 cards. 105455

The probability of a king selection in 20d attempt will be 4/51.

Probability of an ace selection in 3 attempt will be 3/50, as one ace will already selected.

The probability of a jack selection in 4th attempt will be 4/49.

Finally the probability of an ace selection in fifth attempt will be 2/48.

Now if we want to calculate the probability of ace, king, ace, jack and ace in that order we have to multiply the
above given probabilities.

Answer

We first sketch 3-traces having two variables in them then combine these 3 traces to sketch a final

plane.

3-Planes

i) 3x + 8z =5 ii) 3x +0y=5

iii) Oy+82=5

i) 3x + 8z =5

for x-intercept put z=0

3x=5
x=5/3

X = 1.66

for z-intercept put x = 0

z=0.625

Pakaj (4/52) (4/51) (3/50) (4/49) * (2/48)

=384/311,875,200

= 0.00000123

= 0.000123%

0.3 (a)

Sketch the plane representing 3x + 0y + 8z=5

for x-intercept put z=0

3x=5

x=5/3

X = 1.66

for z-intercept put x = 0

z=0.625
ii) 3x + 0y= 5

after simplifying this equation

3x=5 So, x-intercept will be equal to 1.66

iii) 0y +8z=5

(b) Give the points (-4, 8) and (6,-12):

i) Determine the midpoint of the line segment connecting the points.

ii) Determine the distance separating the two points.

Answer

i) Determine the midpoint of the line segment connecting the points.

Let

A=(-4,8) and B= (6, 12)

Midpoint of AB = M

M = ((x1+x₂)/2.(y+y:)/2) Here x₁=-4, y =8, x: 6 and y₂--12

Putting these values in above given formula

=(2/2,-4/2)

(1.-2)

So, the midpoint of AB is (1-2)

ii) Determine the distance separating the two p

A=(-4,8) and B = (6, 12) Here x₁-4. y₁=8, x:=6 and y=-12

Q.4 (a) Explain the difference between point-stope form and slope-intercept form of a linear equation and the
conversion between them.

Answer

Modifying an equation of certain type into another is useful for us in certain cases. This provides a lot of useful
information. This procedure is similar to the procedure of making toys of different shapes with the help of clay.
Sometimes we have to change the equation to extract the information we need.

Slope-Intercept Form

The slope-intercept form an equation is:

y=mx+b

About b:

Here "b" tells about y-intercept. This "b" represents a point where a line passes y-axis.

About m:

Here m tells us about the slope of given linear equation. This equation represents a line.

Purpose of Using of Slope-Intercept Form

Normally we use slope intercept form to find slope and y-intercept for a given line. In other words slope-
intercept form an easy way to write an equation of line in such a way that we will be able to find its slope and y-
intercept just after looking at the equation. Let us understand t above statements with the help of an example.

Example

Find the equation of line that is passing through the given two points (-4,-6) and (10,6). And write it in slope
intercept-form.
We know that

y = mx + b

We also know that

M= y2-yl/ x2-x1

(b) If C equals degrees Celsius and F equals degrees

Fahrenheit, assume that the relationship between the two temperature scales is linear and is being graphed
with F on the vertical axis. Two data points on the line relating C and

Fare (5, 41) and (25, 77). Using these points, determine the slope-intercept equation which allows
transformation from Identify and interpret the meaning of the slope. C

Celsius temperature to equivalent Fahrenheit temperature.

intercept, and F intercept.

(C₁,C₂)=(5,41) and (F₁,F₂)=(25,77) The required equation is

F-F=R-F (C-C) C.-C

F-25=(C-5)

9(F-25)=13(C-5)

9F 13C-160

Q.5(a) Solve the following second degree inequality:

x² +4x-12≤0

x² +6x-2x-12 ≤ 0 x(x+6)-2(x+6) ≤0 (x-2)(x+6) ≤0

x-2 ≤0

(ii) 5x²-13x-62 x

OR. Adding 2 on both sides of inequality

x-2+2 ≤0+2

x ≤2
Solution Set S.S=(x: -6≤x≤ 2) (ii) 5x13x-620

5x²-13x-620

x+6≤0 64962025 Subtracting 6 on both sides of inequality x+6-60-6 6905455

X 2-6

5x²-15x + 2x-620 5x(x-3)+2(x-3) 20 (5x+2)(x-3) 20 5x+220 Subtracting-2 on both sides of inequality 5x+2-220-2

5x 2-2

S.S=(x:32x2 )

Adding 3 on both sides of inequality

OR

(b) x+y Given the equation 24-x (i) Rewrite the equation in slope intercept form (ii) Identify the slope and y-
intercept (iii) Interpret the meaning of the slope

x+y 3 = 24-x

Answer (i) Rewrite the equation in slope intercept form W meraiou.com x+y=72-3x y=-4x+72 We know that

y=mx+c In this case y=-4x+72 (ii) Identify the slope and y-intercept Answer

y=-4x+72

y=mx+c

After comparing above two equations

m =- - l and e = 12

(ii) Interpret the meaning of the slope

Slope represents the rate of change of one quantity w.rt other quantity. Here the slope of this equation tells us
about the rate of change of yw.r.t x.