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Hydraulic Piston: Ripple Pumps

The document discusses reducing ripple in hydraulic piston pumps by phasing two identical units connected in parallel. It is explained that pumps are designed with an odd number of pistons to minimize ripple. Connecting two such pumps in parallel while phase shifted by 360/4N degrees reduces the combined ripple to one-fourth by doubling the ripple frequency. A worked example calculates the ripple for two seven-piston pumps, showing the ripple is reduced from 2.5% to 0.63% by proper phasing.

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Hisham Ahmed Fouad
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96 views8 pages

Hydraulic Piston: Ripple Pumps

The document discusses reducing ripple in hydraulic piston pumps by phasing two identical units connected in parallel. It is explained that pumps are designed with an odd number of pistons to minimize ripple. Connecting two such pumps in parallel while phase shifted by 360/4N degrees reduces the combined ripple to one-fourth by doubling the ripple frequency. A worked example calculates the ripple for two seven-piston pumps, showing the ripple is reduced from 2.5% to 0.63% by proper phasing.

Uploaded by

Hisham Ahmed Fouad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ripple in Hydraulic Piston Pumps

Hydraulic pumps of the axial-piston or the radial-piston type deliver a flow rate
which is the summation of the volumetric displacement rates of the pistons that
momentarily exist in the discharge half of the pump. This will not be a steady flow
rate; it will show fluctuation or "ripple." It will be assumed that the pump is driven at
a constant speed, that the piston motion is purely sinusoidal, and that the
discharge stroke occupies half a revolution of the pump shaft. The result of the
summation is graphically shown for a five-piston pump, where a piston passes
every 72",and a six-piston pump, where a piston passes every 60'. The maximum
flow rate of the individual pistons is taken as unity. The sum flow rate is obtained
as a succession of caps of sine curves (of the same wave length as that of the
individual piston flow rate). lt could be seen that,

ForN= 5, Qr", = 1 + 2 sin = 1.618034


18o
Qmin = sin 36" + sin 72" = 1.538842

ForN= 6, Qmr, = 1 + sin 30' = 2


Qmin = 2 sin 60o = 1.732051
Vertex
Q*o- 1.619034
Q^in - 1.538842
R - 4.9940/o

/[= 5

72 e0 r08144 t62 180 216 234 252 324"


Angle of rotation 0

Q**-2
Q^u - I .732051
ft = 13,4o/o

N:6

120 180 240


Angle of rotation e
It is also seen that, by virtue of the number of pistons N being odd or even, the
ripple is obtained at twice the piston passing frequency in the first case and at the
piston passing frequency in the second. Therefore, the angle of rotation 0 between
a vertex and a cusp in the ripple waves is 90"/A/ for odd N and 180'/N for even N.
Taking the vertex of any cap as a reference where the flow rate is Qrr* the value
of the flow rate at the cusp will be Qr"* (cos 0). Defining the flow ripple as

R = AQ/Q,",

Then

Rooo = 1-cos(90"//V)
R.r"n= 1-cos(180"//V)

/V 5 6 7 I 9 10 11 12 13
R% 4,9 13.4 2.5 7"6 1.5 4.9 1 3.4 0.73

The ripple of pumps and motors of odd numbers of pistons (Bold) is seen to be
much smaller than that of units of even numbers of pistons. Therefore, these units
are never designed with even N. The oldest evidence for this is the attached US
Patent 924,787 of the year 1909.
B. trA}ITTEY.
YT.BIA3f,X BPE[? TBAI{STIEBIOT DEYIOE.
arPrroeiror PrtEI, JIIr,r s, lioo.
9fr4;78-7, Patented June 15, 1900.'
S 8EXDB8-8EEET !1.
Mitieatine Ripnle bv Phasins Two Units
Hydraulic piston-type pumps and motors are invariably made with an odd number of pistons
for the benefit of having a small ripple. The ripple could further be reduced by operating
two identical units hydraulically in parallel, at the same speed, when adjusted to a relative
phase angle of 360"/4N. The two ripple waves will be phase shifted by the same angle, and
a total of twice the number of cusps/caps will be obtained. Superposition will give a net
ripple wave of twice the frequency, i.e. four times the piston passing frequency, and the
ripple will be obtained as

R:l-cos(90/219
This is about one-fourth the ripple of one unit. For example, two seven-piston pumps will
give a net discharge flow ripple of only 0.63% when phase shifted accordingly.

Net effect: R _ 1.258/200


Two single ripple r,vaves,
eachR-2.507 1100
Angle of rotation 900
Worked Example
Two identical variable-displacement bent-axis pumps are connected in parallel, both
mechanically and hydraulically, in one casing. A gear set drives the pumps at the same
speed in opposite directions from an input shaft. The pump gears serve as their drive
plates as well. The two discharge flow rates are combined in one port. A control system
adjusts the angles of inclination of the two cylinder blocks equally.

Requirements
1. How many pistons are there in each pump?
2. Calculate the ripple of each pump in magnitude and frequency (in terms of the
piston passing frequency).
3. Carefully examine the relative angle phasing of the two cylinder block to decide
upon the combined ripple of both pumps.
4. What could be done regarding the phasing of the two pumps in order to minimize
the ripple magnitude and to double its frequency?
5. Calculate the ripple in such a case, in magnitude and frequency.
o

o I s oo
Solution

1. Seven
2. R= 1 - cos 90"17 = 0.025 (2.5Yo) at double the piston passing frequency.

3. The two pumps are exactly in phase; as seen in the drawing the two pistons at
the bottom of the two pumps are at their top dead centers simultaneously.
4. They could be phase shifted by one quarter the angle between two pistons, i.e.
3601(7 ,4)= 12.86"
5. ln this case the 14 pistons could be considered an odd number, so that
R = 1 - cos 90"114 = 0.0063 (0.63%) which is one quarter the original value, at
four times the piston passing frequency.

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