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PHYSICS 1E Module 13.2 Plane Mirrors

Here are the key points about plane mirrors: - Plane mirrors produce virtual, upright, and laterally inverted images that are the same size as the object. - The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. - Ray diagrams can be used to trace the path of light rays from an object to a mirror and then to the observer's eye to locate the virtual image. - Terms like real side, virtual side, and principal line are used to describe the geometry of plane mirror reflections. - Example problems can be solved by applying the definitions and relationships described above.

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Claire G. Magluyan
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267 views29 pages

PHYSICS 1E Module 13.2 Plane Mirrors

Here are the key points about plane mirrors: - Plane mirrors produce virtual, upright, and laterally inverted images that are the same size as the object. - The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. - Ray diagrams can be used to trace the path of light rays from an object to a mirror and then to the observer's eye to locate the virtual image. - Terms like real side, virtual side, and principal line are used to describe the geometry of plane mirror reflections. - Example problems can be solved by applying the definitions and relationships described above.

Uploaded by

Claire G. Magluyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MODULE 13.

https://socratic.org/questions/if-you-stand-3-0-m-in-front-of-a-flat-mirror-how-far-
away-from-you-would-your-im-1
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the student is able to:
1. Describe interaction of the light with a mirror
surface.

2. Distinguish properties of the plane and


spherical mirrors.

1. Identify the distinction between regular and


diffuse reflection in terms of both the cause and
the effect.
Learning Outcomes
4. know what an image is and be able to
recognize the distinction between real and
virtual images.

5. Apply the law of reflection in order to identify


the angle of incidence and reflection if given
other angle information.

6. Utilize ray diagrams to demonstrate how light


travels from an object to the mirror to an
observer's eye.
Learning Outcomes
7. Identify image characteristics such as location
and orientation.

8. Compare and contrast various mirror systems


(plane, concave, convex) in terms of their ability
or tendency to produce real and/or virtual
images of objects.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/mirrors/
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/getattachment/Teacher-Toolkits/Plane-
Mirrors/Plane-Mirrors-Toolkit-To-Go/PlaneMirrorsToGo.pdf?lang=en-US&ext=.pdf
Types of Mirrors
1. Plane Mirror
2. Concave mirrors
3. Convex mirror
Plane Mirrors and Reflection
▪ A mirror is a reflective surface that bounces
off light, thus producing a real or virtual image.

▪ The most common mirrors are flat and called


plane mirrors.

▪These mirrors are made by putting a thin layer


of silver nitrate or aluminium behind a flat piece
of glass.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/mirrors/
Plane Mirrors and Reflection
▪ Reflected images can be either real or virtual.
In a plane mirror, the images are virtual. A
virtual image occurs when light rays do not
actually meet at the image.

▪ In flat, or plane mirrors, the image is a virtual


image, and is the same distance behind the
mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.

▪ A virtual image is right side up (upright).


Plane Mirrors and Reflection
▪ The image is also the same size as the object.
These images are also parity inverted, which
means they have a left-right inversion.

▪ A “real” image occurs when light rays actually


intersect at the image, and become inverted, or
turned upside down. A “virtual” image occurs
when light rays do not actually meet at the
image.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/mirrors/
Specular and Diffuse Reflection
▪ Reflection off of smooth surfaces such as
mirrors or a calm body of water leads to a
type of reflection known as specular
reflection.

Smooth Surface
Specular and Diffuse Reflection
▪ Reflection off of rough surfaces such as
clothing, paper, and the asphalt roadway
leads to a type of reflection known as
diffuse reflection.

Rough Surface
Assignment
1. If a bundle of parallel incident rays
undergoing diffuse reflection follow the
law of reflection, then why do they scatter
in many different directions after reflecting
off a surface? Explain using your own
understanding.
Plane Mirror Reflection
▪ Plane mirrors produce images that are:
▪ Virtual - image that appears behind the
plane of the mirror.
▪ Upright - Top of what you see in the mirror
is the same orientation as the top of the
object
▪ Non-magnified - Appear the same size as if
the object was that distance away
▪ Flipped Horizontally - Left is right and right
is left. Try and read words in a reflection
and you will see this.
Plane Mirror Reflection
▪ Real Side - The side the object is on (your side
if you are looking into a mirror)

▪ Virtual Side - The side that is not really there


(beyond the mirror on the other side if you are
looking at it)

▪ Principal line: Line that act like the ground


and extends across the page horizontally. The
base (bottom) of the object or image will always
be on this line.
Plane Mirror Reflection
The person’s right hand
becomes the image’s left
hand.
The image has three
properties:
1. It is upright.
2. It is the same size as the
object.
3. The image is as far
behind the mirror as the
object is in front of it.
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6950966/
Plane Mirror Reflection
▪ Terms and Variables in plane mirror
do or p - distance to object
di or q - distance to image
ho - height of object
hi - height of image
Plane Mirror Reflection

Two sets of rays from common points on an object


are reflected by a flat mirror into the eye of an
observer. The reflected rays seem to originate from
behind the mirror, locating the virtual image.
Plane Mirror Reflection

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refln/Lesson-2/What-Portion-of-a-Mirror-is-
Required-to-View-an-Im
Plane Mirror Reflection

https://ya-webdesign.com/image/mirror-clipart-plane-mirror/1647647.html
Solved Problem
1. A light ray approaches a mirror at an angle of
incidence of 25°. What is the angle of reflection?
Solution: Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
𝜽𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓°
2. A light ray approaches a mirror at an angle of
22° with the mirror surface. What is the angle of
reflection of this light ray?
3. Anna Lee Ticcal is doing the Plane Mirror Lab in
physics class. She places a pin a distance of 4.9 cm
from a plane mirror. How far behind the mirror can
the image be expected to appear?
Solved Problem
Magnification in Plane Mirror

Principal
line
Determine the minimum height of a vertical flat mirror in
which a person 5’10” in height can see his or her full
image. (A ray diagram would be helpful.)
Types of Spherical Mirrors
▪ Spherical Mirror – A spherical mirror has
the shape of a segment of a sphere.
▪ A concave spherical mirror has the
silvered surface of the mirror on the
inner, or concave, side of the curve.
▪ A convex spherical mirror has the
silvered surface of the mirror on the
outer, or convex, side of the curve.
Spherical Mirror
1. If a bundle of parallel incident rays
undergoing diffuse reflection follow the
law of reflection, then why do they scatter
in many different directions after reflecting
off a surface? Explain using your own
understanding.
1. As the angle of incidence is increased for a ray incident
on a reflecting surface, the angle between the incident
and reflected rays ultimately approaches what value?
a. zero b. 45 degreesc. 90 degrees d. 180 degrees

The angle of incidence is the angle between the incident


ray and the normal. As this angle approaches 90 degrees,
the reflected ray also approaches a 90 degree angle with
the normal; thus, the angle between the incident and
reflected ray approach 180 degrees.
Assignment
1. If a bundle of parallel incident rays undergoing diffuse
reflection follow the law of reflection, then why do they
scatter in many different directions after reflecting off a
surface? Explain using your own understanding.

2. A light ray approaches a mirror at an angle of 22° with


the mirror surface. What is the angle of reflection of this
light ray? Ans.: 68o

3. You might have noticed that emergency vehicles such as


ambulances are often labelled on the front hood with
reversed lettering (e.g., ECNALUBMA). Explain why this is
so. (PHYSICS CLASSROOM)

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