ASSIGNMENT

ON
PROJECT METHOD

SUBMITTED TO
SUBMITTED BY

MRS RUCHI CHAUHAN Mr. Deepak Kumar Sampson

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR M.Sc. NURSING 1ST YEAR
SSBCON SSBCON
 INTRODUCTION

The project method is usually used for the production of materials in

agricultural and clinical education. In agricultural and in production of some crops
and in nursing education making of models of isolation units and learning to make
renal bad, solving some patients problems.

Project method is one of the individualized methods of education approaches

or methods of teaching. It is the methods in which the college, curriculum and the
content of studies are considered from the student’s point of view. It illustrates the
use of problem solving attitude and lays emphasis on purpose is learning and
claims that the student should always have a clear idea of what they do why they
do certain things.

The method demands that the students should think and select their studies
for themselves.

HISTORY

The project method itself is not a new development having its origin in the
1920’s. The method was first described by the JOHN DEWEY of Columbia
University and further developed by his colleagues. WH KLIPATRICK Dewey’s
philosophy was that the process of educational thought was more important than
the result of such thought .he believed that a child would undergo mental growth if
he or she actively participate in solving a problem that he or she saw as real.

A number of advantage are claimed for the use of project method, including
greater interest for the student, development of resourcefulness and independence
in learning and opportunity for the student to use important skills such as
identification and analysis of problems and exploration of solution.

DEFINITION
 “A project is a problematic act carried to completion in its natural setting.
(STEVENSON)

“A project is a whole hearted purposeful act completed in a natural setting.

(DR.WILLIAM H KILPATRICK)

“A project method can be defined as a unit of purposeful experience in

which educational needs and interest of the students determine the aim and
objective of the activity and guide its process to a conclusion”.

The word “project” thus actually originally meant “before an action”.

CHARCTERISTICS

1. The main characteristics are that the students are very much involved in the
formulation of aims and objective of the project.

2. Project may be done by individual, but more commonly they are undertaken
by a group of six members.

3. Project method aims at teaching the child to get the best out of life, not in
the future, not when he is grown up, but have and now.

4. Project gives an opportunity for self expression it gives an opportunity for

relating the self to community.

5. The experiments of the project method want to reset the whole curriculum
where the activity that is chosen becomes the core and all knowledge that is
acquired becomes incidental.

6. The idea underlying the method was that children should develop their
knowledge trough trying out theories in the practical solution of problems in the
course of which they would come to appreciate the principles involved.
7. The activities when made the sole means of education will inevitably cut
across the timetable organisation to which we are accustomed as well as across the
ordinary class room organisation.

8. For example :in preparing to present a play, the pupils will have their own
particular jobs to do, the actors to learn and rehearse their parts the young
electrician and some painters to prepare the effects, the dressmakers to make and
fit the clothing etc.

9. In project method the procedure is liable to be determined by the technique

of workshop because it is believed that the child learns much better from his own
activity than from constant instruction.

10. The project method tends itself naturally to group work.

11. The project method is a large unit plan of teaching.

12. The project is a learning unit of appreciable lengths, difficulty and learning
values.

13. The project method seeks to have individuals see and understand life in its
unity.

AIMS AND VALUES

1. The aim is to foster the ability to work co-operatively in groups, collection

of information development of confidence in decision making.

2. Broadens the student’s educational outlook by giving some understanding of

practical application of the knowledge they are gaining.

3. Develops in the student a capacity to analyze the problem systematically.

4. Develops self confidence in him in tackling problems.

VALUES
1. Outcome of project work. While working o a project the student
interest is aroused which motivates him to learn and further leads to development
of his abilities.

2. Individual responsibilities. It is a sort of extended work which

involves personal choice of problems and objectives and a maximum amount of
individual responsibility has to be stated by him for successful completion of
project. It is agreed that some experience of extended work would constitute a
good preparation for later life.

3. Exposure to daily problem of life. It deals with the real problem of the
day to day utility.

4. Decision making. Though today’s student believe in making their own

decision they need to be taught to base their decision on the relevant information
available in the light of restrains, not forgetting to original purpose.

5. Teacher taught relation. If the project is well planned by the teacher

taking into account the students ability background, material availability tools for
executing the project in the field in which the teacher is expert.

TYPES OF PROJECT

“According to Klipatrick”

1. Producer type. Projects in which pupils are getting to do something like

building a house or a garden, planning to execute a model of a textile factory etc
are called producer type.

2. Consumer type. Projects in which pupils are getting the experience

and are enjoying engage in consumer type.

3. Problem type. Projects in which a solution to a problem is to be found

out.
4. Drill type. An activity once performed, is repeated to acquire greater skill.

Example : swimming or singing.

“According to the purpose and objective

1. Projects calling for the production of some physical or material product.

2. Learning project, acquisition of some ability.

3. Intellectual or problem projects.

ESSENTIALS OF GOOD PROJECT

1. The project should stress present and future values and experiences that
supplements and extend rather than duplicate learning acquire outside the school.

2. The project must have a bearing on a great number of students and the
knowledge acquire through it may be applicable in a variety ways.

3. The project should be timely.

4. The project should be challenging.

5. The project should be feasible.

6. The project should be directed and planned by the students.

7. The project should be evaluated objectively.

ORGANISING A GOOD PROJECT

1. The teacher must experience guidance in selection of the project. He should

see that the projects are educative and according to the capacity of the pupil.

2. Good planning should be done by the pupil before hand, it may be in the
form of drawing or lists of steps to be followed, materials to be used a picture to be
prepared or other specific indication of what is to be done.

3. The project is an activity to fulfill certain purposes.

4. To avoid interruptions and delays later, sufficient preparation must be done
before executing the project.

5. During the execution of the project the teacher should carefully supervise the
pupil in manipulative skills to prevent waste of materials and to guard against
accidents.

6. Spot modification not advisable, but if there are any, these should be
explained for future guidance.

7. The evaluation of the project should be done both by the pupils and the
teacher.

MERITS OF PROJECT METHOD

1. Follows the psychological laws of learning

(a) Laws of readiness

(b) Laws of exercise

(c) Law of effect

2. It arouses and maintains interest of the student.

3. It keeps the students on freedom of thoughts and action while doing the
work.

4. It provides more creative constructive thinking of the students.

5. It helps to know the individual differences.

6. It helps the students to think logically and scientifically before starting the
project.

7. It provides the growth of individual through activity.

8. It teaches the student to evaluate and judge his finished work by comparing.

9. It provides for the student to complete with his own previous performance.
10. Group projects develop team spirit and cooperation.

LIMITATONS OF PROJECT METHOD

1. Learning haphazard and incidental.

2. Time consuming and limited by availability and cost of materials.

3. Most valuable among the pupils of lesser academic ability, for it provides an
opportunity for the practical enthusiast.

4. Leaves gaps in the pupil knowledge.

5. May be too ambitious and beyond the pupils capacity.

6. Opportunity for correlation with the academic subjects are extremely

limited.

7. The method of organizing instruction is unsystemazied and upsets the

regular timetable work.

8. Difficulty to ensure any kind of systematic progress in instruction.

9. A complete reorganization of the school is needed for new teacher.

10. The resultant education emphasizes relationships in breadth not in depth.

11. Children may ignore maxim working from the simple to complex.

12. In order children the critical powers outrun their executive skills; hence their
criticism of the products of their work may inhibit them from taking fresh projects.

13. Time bound projects introduce artificially may require more than necessary
help.

14. It is not easy to formulate projects having a satisfactory degree of width and
comprehensiveness at a later stage of education.

15. The project approach often results in an incomplete mastery of the tools of
learning which essential means to child’s education later are.
 CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A PROJECT

1. Selected topic should have educational value and it should be worthwhile.

2. It should not take overtime.

3. It should be challenging in nature.

4. We should consider the cost and availability of materials.

5. If while course is planned on project basis, there is a danger of improper

organization.

6. It should be selected according to the will of the students.

HOW TO APPROACH PROJECT WORK

In order to obtain the specific work one has to follow a systematic line of
action which is as follows.

1. Identify the problem.

2. Specify the problem.

3. Propose alternate solution.

4. Choose the best.

5. Complete the design.

6. Procure the required material.

7. Make and assemble.

8. Test and compare with the original purpose.

Throughout this line of action the teacher plays a important role in guiding
the student step by step and leading the student to the solution by making him
think.

ROLE OF TEACHER

1. The teacher has got mature experience, deeper and broader knowledge than
the student.

2. Student need suggestions and guidance at every step the teacher has to save
the student from faltering and floundering.

3. Teacher has to give help when it is required and should be a good promoter.

4. The relation of the teacher to the students are to be much closer and informal
than it is an ordinary classroom teaching. She is like a friend with rich and mature
experience.

5. Teacher is a director; her psychological knowledge must be thorough and

scientific.

6. Teacher must be a keen observer and a true sympathizer. She should be able
to win the goodwill of the student so that they would not feel discouraged.

7. Teacher should be a store house of information and knowledge so that she

may anticipates the difficulties before hand and suggests remedies as and when
necessary.

8. Teacher should command respect of the students so that the students might
look to her for help, guidance, solace and affection.

9. The project method is based on correlated teaching.

10. The teacher has to guide the execution of the project that the maximum
numbers of subjects concerned are learnt by the students and gaps are properly
filled.
11. Teacher has to see that complete and integrated knowledge is given.
Experiences and contributions of the group should provide increase knowledge in
the particular context.

12. Teacher should be able to space enough time for the success of this method.
Only a devoted and enthusiastic teacher can make a success of the project method,
not the discouraged time serving and bell watchers.

SUMMARY

The project method is an educational enterprise in which children solve a

practical problem over a period of several days or weeks. The project may be
suggested by the teacher, but they are planned and executed as far as possible by
the students themselves, individually or in group. Project work focuses on
applying, not imparting specific knowledge or skills and on improving student
involvement and motivation in order to foster independent thinking, self
coincidence and social responsibility.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Sampath.k, panneerselvam.A, SarvthanamS; Introduction to educational

technology, revised & enlarged 5th revised edition 2007 pg no; 104 to 106.

2. Thornes nelson Quinn’s Principles & Practice of nursing education 5th

edition pg no; 248 to 249.

3. Neerja K.P, Textbook of nursing education, jaypee brother medical

publisher pg no; 31 to316.

4. Basvanthappa BT; Nursing education 2nd edition jaypee publication pg no;

604 to 610.

5. www. Education. State university.com.

6. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/project method.
7. Knoll, Michael: the project Method: its vocational education origin and
international development. Journal of industrial teacher education 34, 59-80.