Tutorial For Basic Mathematics
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Bajirao JetithorTutorial For Basic Mathematics
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Bajirao JetithorTUTORIAL NO 1
Solve problems based on definition of logarithm and laws of logarithms
Q1 Evaluate Log216
Solution :given = log 2 16
= log 2 24
= 4 log 2 2
= 4(1) = 4
Q2 Value of log 5 125 is
Solution: given log 5 125
= log 5 5 3
= 3 log 5 5
= 3(1)
=3
Q3 If log 3 ( x − 4) + log 3 ( x − 2) = 1 Find value of x
solution log 3 ( x − 4) + log 3 ( x − 2) = 1
log 3 ( x − 4)( x − 2) = 1
log 3 ( x 2 − 6 x + 8) = 1
( x 2 − 6 x + 8) = 31
( x 2 − 6 x + 8) = 3
x 2 − 6x + 8 − 3 = 0
x 2 − 6x + 5 = 0
( x − 5)( x − 1) = 0
x = 5 and x = 1
Q4) If log 2 x − log 2 ( x − 1) = 5 find value of x
solution : given log 2 x − log 2 ( x − 1) = 5
x
log 2 =5
x − 1
x
=2
5
x − 1
x
= 32
x − 1
x = 32( x − 1)
x = 32 x − 32
32 = 32 x − x
32 = 31x
32
x=
31
log x log 64
Q5 if = Find value of x
log 4 log 16
log x log 64
solution Given =
log 4 log 16
log x log 4 3
=
log 4 log 4 2
log x 3 log 4
=
log 4 2 log 4
log x 3
=
log 4 2
3
log x = log 4
2
3
log x = log 4 2
3
x=4 2
3
x = (2) 2 2
x = (2) 3 = 8
1 1 1
Q6 prove that + + =2
log ab abc log bc abc log ab abc
1 1 1
Solution given LHS = + +
log ab abc log bc abc log ab abc
1 1 1
= + +
log ab abc log bc abc log ab abc
= log abc ab + log abc bc + log abc ac
= log abc (ab bc ac)
= log abc (a 2 b 2 c 2 )
= log abc (abc) 2
= 2 log abc (abc)
= 2 = RHS
LHS = RHS
1 1 1
+ + =2
log ab abc log bc abc log ab abc
1 1 1
Q7 ) prove that + + =2
1 + log qr p 1 + log rp q 1 + log pq r
1 1 1
Solution : L.H .S = + +
1 + log qr p 1 + log rp q 1 + log pq r
1 1 1
= + +
log qr qr + log qr p log pr pr + log rp q log pq pq + log pq r
1 1 1
= + +
log qr pqr log pr pqr log pq pqr
= log pqr qr + log pqr pr + log pqr pq
= log pqr (qr pr pq )
= log pqr ( p 2 q 2 r 2 )
= log pqr ( p q r ) 2
= 2 log pqr prq
= 2(1) = RHS
m+n 1 m n
Q8 If log = log( mn) prove that + = 47
7 2 n m
m+n 1
Sollution given log = log( mn)
7 2
m+n
2 log = log( mn)
7
m+n
2
log = log( mn)
7
m+n
2
= (mn)
7
m 2 + 2mn + n 2
= (mn)
49
m 2 + 2mn + n 2 = 49mn
m 2 + n 2 = 49mn − 2mn
m 2 + n 2 = 47mn
Dividing both side by mn
m2 + n2 47 mn
=
mn mn
m n
+ = 47
n m
a+b 1
Q9 If log = log a + log b show that a = b
2 2
a+b 1
solution Given log = log a + log b
2 2
a+b
2 log = log a + log b
2
a+b
2
log = log ab
2
a+b
2
= ab
2
a + 2ab + b 2
2
= ab
4
a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = 4ab
a 2 + 2ab − 4ab + b 2 = 0
a 2 − 2ab + b 2 = 0
(a − b) 2 = 0
( a − b) = 0
a=b
log a log b log c
Q10 If = = than show that abc = 1
y−z z−x x− y
log a log b log c
solueion Given = = = k ( say )
y−z z−x x− y
log a
= = k ( say )
y−z
log a = k ( y − z )
log a = ky − kz − − − − − − −1
Also
log b
= k ( say )
z−x
log b = k (z − x)
log b = kz − kx −−−−−−−2
log c
Also = k ( say )
x− y
log c = k (x − y )
log c = kx − ky −−−−−−−3
Adding equation 1 , 2 and 3
log a + log b + log c = ky − kz + kz − kx + kx − ky
log a bc = 0
log a bc = log 1
a bc = 1
TUTORIAL NO 2
Solve problems on Determinant and solve equation using cramer’s rule
Q1 Evaluate following determinant
1 −3
1.
2 6
1 −3
Solution : let D =
2 6
= (1) (6) – ( - 3) (2)
= 6+ 6
= 12
sin − cos
2.
cos sin
sin − cos
Solution : let D =
cos sin
= (sinθ) (sinθ) – ( - cosθ) (cosθ)
Sin2θ + cos2θ
= 1
2 −1 3
3 1 3 −4
5 −5 4
Solution : + - +
2 −1 3
D= 1 3 −4
5 −5 4
3 −4 1 −4 1 3
= 2 - (-1) + 3
−5 4 5 4 5 −5
= 2 (3) (4) − (−4) (−5) (1)(4) − (5)( −4)
+1 + 3 (1)( −5) − (5)(3)
= 2 12 − 20 + 1 4 − (−20) + 3 − 5 − 15
= 2 − 8 + 1 24 + 3 − 20
= - 16 + 24 - 60
= - 52
2 −1 − 3
4. 4 1 0
5 −2 1
+ - +
2 −1 − 3
Solution : D= 4 1 0
5 −2 1
1 0 4 0 4 1
= 2 - (-1) -3
−2 1 5 1 5 −2
= 2 (1) (1) − (0) (−2) + 1 (4)(1) − (0)(5) − 3 (4)( −2) − (5)(1)
= 2 1 − 0 + 1 4 − 0 − 3 − 8 − 5
= 1 1 + 1 4 − 3 − 13
= 1 + 4 +39
D = 45
3 − 5 −1
5 . 1 3 5
−5 1 3
3 − 5 −1
Solution D= 1 3 5
−5 1 3
3 5 1 5 1 3
= 3 - (-5) -1
1 3 −5 3 −5 1
= 3 (3) (3) − (1) (5) (3)(1) − (−5)(5)
+5 − 1 (1)(1) − (−5)(3)
= 3 9 − 5 + 5 3 + 25 − 1 1 + 15
= 3 4 + 5 28 − 1 16
= 12 + 140 - 16
= 136
Q2 solve the following determinant equation
x2 −x 7 −3
1). =
−5 1 5 3
x2 −x 7 −3
solution =
−5 1 5 −3
(x2) (1) – (-x) (-5) = (7) (-3) – (5) ( - 3) =0
x2 – 5x = -21 + 15
x2 – 5x = - 6
x2 – 5x + 6 = 0
x2 – 3x - 2x + 6 = 0
X ( x - 3) – 2 ( x - 3 ) = 0
( x - 3) ( x - 2 ) = 0
x = 3 , 2
x 4 −4
2 3 −2 1 = 0
−2 −4 4
x 4 −4
Solution Given D= 3 −2 1 = 0
−2 −4 4
−2 1 3 1 3 −2
x - (4) -4 =0
−4 4 −2 4 −2 −4
x (−2) (4) − (−4) (1) − 4 (3)(4) − (−2)(1) − 4 (3)( −4) − (−2)( −2) = 0 =0
x − 8 + 4 − 4 12 + 2 − 4 − 12 − 4 = 0
x − 4 − 4 14 − 4 − 16 = 0
-4x - 56 + 64 = 0
-4x +8 = 0
-4x = -8
X=2
3 4 3
3) 5 x x =0
1 3 2
3 4 3
Solution Given D= 5 x x =0
1 3 2
x x 5 x 5 x
3 - (4) +3 =0
3 2 1 2 1 3
3 (2) ( x) − (3) ( x) −4 (5)(2) − (1)( x) + 3 (5)(3) − (1)( x) = 0 =0
3 2 x − 3x − 4 10 − x − 4 15 − x = 0
3 − x − 4 10 − x + 3 15 − x = 0
-3x - 40+ 4x + 45 - 3x
-2x +5 = 0
-2x = -5
X=5/2
2 3 x
−1 8
4) 1 0 3 =
2 1
− 2 −1 0
2 3 x
−1 8
Solution : 1 0 3 =
2 1
− 2 −1 0
0 3 1 3 1 0
2 - 3 +x = (-1)(1) – (2) (8)
−1 0 −2 0 − 2 −1
2 (0) (0) − (−1) (3) − 3 (1)(0) − (−2)(3) + x (1)( −1) − (−2)(0) = −1 − 16
2 0 + 3 − 3 0 + 6 + x − 1 − 0 = −17
6 − 18 − x = −17
-6 - x = -17
-12 + 17 = x
x =5
1 x x2
1 1
5) 1 2 4 =
2 2
1 3 9
1 x x2
1 1
Solution : 1 2 4 =
2 2
1 3 9
2 4 1 4 1 2
1 - x +x2 = (1)(2) – (1) (2)
3 9 1 9 1 3
1 (2) (9) − (3) (4) − x (1)( 9) − (1)( 4) + x 2 (1)( 3) − (1)( 2) = 2 − 2
1 18 − 12 − x 9 − 4 + x23− 2 = 0
6 − 5x + x 2 = 0
x2 - 5x + 6=0
( x-3 ) ( x - 2) = 0
x = 2 , and x=3
Q3 Solve the following equation using Cramer’s rule
1) X + y + z = 6 2x + y – 2z = - 2 x+ y - 3z + 6 = 0
Solution Given system of equation is
X+ y + z = 6 -------------------------1
2x + y – 2z = - 2 ----------------------------2
X + y - 3z = - 6 ------------------------------3
Writing them in D , DX , DY , DZ
1 1 1
D= 2 1 −2 =
1 1 −3
1 −2 2 −2 2 1
= 1 - 1 +1
1 −3 1 −3 1 1
= 1 (1) (−3) − (1) (−2) − 1(2)( −3) − (1)( −2) + 1 (2)(1) − (1)(1)
= 1 − 3 + 2 − 1 − 6 + 2 + 1 2 − 1 = 0
= 1 − 1 − 1 − 4 + 1 1
= -1 + 4 +1
D =4
6 1 1
DX = −2 1 −2
−6 1 −3
1 −2 −2 −2 −2 1
= 6 - 1 +1
1 −3 −6 −3 −6 1
=
= 6 (1) (−3) − (1) (−2) − 1(−2)( −3) − (−6)( −2) + 1 (−2)(1) − (−6)(1)
= 6 − 3 + 2 − 1 6 − 12 + 1 − 2 + 6 = 0
= 6 − 1 − 1 − 6 + 1 4
= - 6 + 6 +4
DX = 4
1 6 1
DY = 2 −2 −2
1 −6 −3
−2 −2 2 −2 2 −2
= 1 - 6 +1
−6 −3 1 −3 1 −6
=1 (−2) (−3) − (−6) (−2) − 6 (2)( −3) − (1)( −2) + 1 (2)( −6) − (1)( −2)
= 1 6 − 12 − 6 − 6 + 2 + 1 − 12 + 2 = 0
= 1 − 6 −6 − 4 + 1 − 10
= - 6 + 24 - 10
Dy = 8
1 1 6
DZ = 2 1 −2
1 1 −6
1 −2 2 −2 2 1
= 1 - 1 +6
1 −6 1 −6 1 1
= 1 (1) (−6) − (1) (−2) − 1(2)( −6) − (1)( −2) + 6 (2)(1) − (1)(1)
= 1 − 6 + 2 − 1 − 12 + 2 + 6 2 − 1 = 0
= 1 − 4 −1 − 10 + 6 1
= - 4 + 10 +6
Dz = 12
By Cramer’ s rule
Dx 4 Dy 8 Dz 12
X= = = 1, y= = =2 , z= = =3
D 4 D 4 D 4
x = 1 , y=2 , z = 3
2)
X + y = 3 ,y + z = 5, z+ x = 4
Solution : Given system of equation can be written as
X + y + 0z = 3 ---------------1
0x + y + z = 5 -----------------2
X + 0.y + z = 4 -----------------3
Writing them in D , DX , DY , DZ
1 1 0
D= 0 1 1 =
1 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 1
= 1 - 1 +0
0 1 1 1 1 0
= 1 (1) (1) − (0) (1) − 1(0)(1) − (1)(1) + 0 (0)(0) − (1)(1)
= 1 1 − 0 − 1 0 − 1 + 0 0 − 1
= 1 1 − 1 − 1
= 1+1
D =2
3 1 0
DX = 5 1 1 =
4 0 1
1 1 5 1 5 1
= 3 - 1 +0
0 1 4 1 4 0
= 3 (1) (1) − (0) (1) − 1(5)(1) − (4)(1) + 0 (5)(0) − (4)(1)
= 3 1 − 0 − 1 5 − 4 + 0 0 − 4
=3 1 −1 1
= 3 - 1
DX = 2
1 3 0
DY = 0 5 1
1 4 1
5 1 0 1 0 5
= 1 - 3 +0
4 1 1 1 1 4
= 1 (5) (1) − (4) (1) − 3 (0)(1) − (1)(1) + 0 (0)( 4) − (1)(5)
= 1 5 − 4 − 3 0 − 1 + 0 0 − 5
= 1 1 −3 − 1 + 0 − 5
= 1+3
Dy = 4
1 1 3
DZ = 0 1 5
1 0 4
1 5 0 5 0 1
= 1 - 1 +3
0 4 1 4 1 0
= 1 (1) (4) − (5) (0) − 1(0)( 4) − (1)(5) + 3 (0)(0) − (1)(1)
= 1 4 − 0 − 1 0 − 5 + 3 0 − 1 = 0
= 1 4 −1 − 5 + 3− 1
= 4 + 5- 3
Dz = 6
By Cramer’ s rule
Dx 2 Dy 4 Dz 6
X= = =1, y= = =2 , z= = =3
D 2 D 2 D 2
x = 1 , y=2 , z = 3
3) Following equation are obtain as a result of experiment
P1 + p2 – p3 = 0 , 2p1 + p2 + p3 = 26 , p2 + p3 = 14 Find the values of p1 , p2
and p3
Solution Given equation is P1 + p2 – p3 = 0 ,
2p1 + p2 + p3 = 26 ,
0p1 p2 + p3 = 14
Writing them in D , Dp1 , Dp2 , Dp3
1 1 −1
D= 2 1 1 =
0 1 1
1 1 2 1 2 1
= 1 - 1 -1
1 1 0 1 0 1
= 1 (1) (1) − (1) (1) − 1(2)(1) − (0)(1) − 1 (2)(1) − (0)(1)
= 1 1 − 1 − 1 2 − 0 − 1 2 − 0
= 1 0 − 2 − 2
= -4
D = -4
0 1 −1
Dp 1 = 26 1 1
14 1 1
1 1 26 1 26 1
= 0 - 1 -1
1 1 14 1 14 1
= 0 (1) (1) − (1) (1) − 1(26)(1) − (14)(1) − 1 (26)(1) − (14)(1)
= 0 1 − 1 − 1 26 − 14 − 1 26 − 14
= 0 0 − 1 12 − 1 12
= -12 -12
DP1 = -24
1 0 −1
Dp 2 = 2 26 1
0 14 1
26 1 2 1 2 26
= 1 - 0 -1
14 1 0 1 0 14
= 1 (26) (1) − (14) (1) − 0 (2)(1) − (0)(1) − 1 (2)(14) − (0)( 26)
= 1 26 − 14 − 0 2 − 1 − 1 28 − 0
= 1 12 − 0 1 − 1 28
= 12 - 0 - 28 = 12 – 28
DP2 = - 16
1 1 0
Dp 3 = 2 1 26
0 1 14
1 26 2 26 2 1
= 1 - 1 -0
1 14 0 14 0 1
= 1 (1) (14) − (1) (26) − 1(2)(14) − (0)( 26) − 0 (2)(1) − (0)(1)
= 1 14 − 26 − 1 28 − 0 − 0 2 − 1
= 1 − 12 − 1 28 − 0 − 0 1
= -12 - 28 - 1 = - 12 – 28
DP3 = - 40
By Cramer’ s rule
Dp 1 − 24 Dp 2 − 16
p1 = = = 6, p2 = = =4 ,
D −4 D −4
Dp 3 − 40
p3 = = P1== 10
6 , p2 = 4 , p3 = 10
D −4
4
2I1 - I2 + I3 = 0 , 4I1 - I3 = 2 , 2 I2 + I3 = 2 Find the values of I1 , I2 and I3
Solution Given equation is 2I1 - I2 + I3 = 0 -------------------1
4I1 + 0I2 - I3 = 2 -------------------2
0I1+ 2 I2 + I3 = 2 -------------------3
Writing them in D , DI1 , DI2 , DI3
2 −1 1
D= 4 0 −1 =
0 2 1
0 −1 4 −1 4 0
= 2 - (-1) +1
2 1 0 1 0 2
= 2 (0) (1) − (2) (−1) + 1(4)(1) − (0)( −1) + 1 (4)( 2) − (0)(0)
= 2 0 + 2 + 1 4 − 0 + 1 8 − 0
= 2 2 + 14 + 18
= 4+4+8
D = 16
0 −1 1
DI 1 = 2 0 −1 =
2 2 1
0 −1 2 −1 2 0
= 0 - (-1) +1
2 1 2 1 2 2
= 0 (0) (1) − (2) (−1) + 1(2)(1) − (2)( −1) + 1 (2)( 2) − (2)(0)
= 0 0 + 2 + 1 2 + 2 + 14 − 0
= 0 2 + 14 + 14
= 0+4+4
DI1 =8
2 0 1
DI 1 = 4 2 −1 =
0 2 1
2 −1 4 −1 4 2
= 2 -0 +1
2 1 0 1 0 2
= 2 (2) (1) − (2) (−1) − 0 (4)(1) − (−1)(0) + 1 (4)( 2) − (2)(0)
= 2 2 + 2 + 0 4 − 0 + 18 − 0
= 2 4 + 04 + 18
= 8+0+8
DI2 = 16
2 −1 0
DI 3 4 0 2 =
0 2 2
0 2 4 2 4 0
= 2 -(-1) +0
2 2 0 2 0 2
= 2 (0) (2) − (2) (2) + 1(4)( 2) − (0)( 2 + 0 (4)( 2) − (0)(0)
= 2 0 − 4 + 1 8 − 0 + 08 − 0
= 2 − 4 + 04 + 18
= - 8+8
DI3 = 0
By Cramer’ s rule
DI 1 8 1 DI 2 16 DI 3 0
I1 = = = , I2 = = =1 , I3 = = =0
D 16 2 D 16 D 16
I1= 1/2 , I2 = 1 , I3 = 0
5 Solve the following equation by Cramer’s rule
xy + yz + zx = xyz , 2xy +3yz + zx = 4xyz , 4xy +9yz + zx = 16 xyz
Solution : given equation is
xy + yz + zx = xyz ----------------1
2xy +3yz + zx = 4xyz -----------------2
4xy +9yz + zx = 16 xyz ------------3
Dividing each equation throughout by xyz , we get
1 1 1 2 3 1 4 9 1
+ + =1 , + + = 4 , + + = 16
z x y z x y z x y
1 1 1
= p , = q , = r
x y z
P + q + r = 1 ---------------3
3p + q + 2r = 4 ---------------4
9p + q + 4r = 16 ------------------5
Writing them in D , Dp , Dq , Dr
1 1 1
D= 3 1 2 =
9 1 4
1 2 3 2 3 1
= 1 - 1 +1
1 4 9 4 9 1
= 1 (1) (4) − (1) (2) − 1(3)( 4) − (9)( 2) + 1 (3)(1) − (9)(1)
= 1 4 − 2 − 1 12 − 18 + 13 − 9
= 1 2 − 1− 6 + 1− 6
= 2 + 6 -6
D =2
1 1 1
Dp = 4 1 2 =
16 1 4
1 2 4 2 4 1
= 1 - 1 +1
1 4 16 4 16 1
= 1 (1) (4) − (1) (2) − 1(4)( 4) − (16)( 2) + 1 (4)(1) − (16)(1)
= 1 4 − 2 − 1 16 − 32 + 14 − 16
= 1 2 − 1− 16 + 1− 12
= 2 + 16 --12
DP = 6
1 1 1
Dq = 3 4 2 =
9 16 4
4 2 3 2 3 4
= 1 - 1 +1
16 4 9 4 9 16
= 1 (4) (4) − (16) (2) − 1(3)( 4) − (9)( 2) + 1 (3)(16) − (9)( 4)
= 1 16 − 32 − 1 12 − 18 + 148 − 36
= 1 − 16 − 1− 6 + 112
= -16 + 6 +12
= -16+18
Dq = 2
1 1 1
Dr = 3 1 4 =
9 1 16
1 4 3 4 3 1
= 1 - 1 +1
1 16 9 16 9 1
= 1 (1) (16) − (1) (4) − 1(3)(16) − (9)( 4) + 1 (3)(1) − (9)(1)
= 1 16 − 4 − 1 48 − 36 + 13 − 9
= 1 12 − 112 + 1− 6
= 12-12 - 6
Dr = - 6
Dp 6 Dq 2
By Cramer’ s rule p= = = 3, q= = =1 ,
D 2 D 2
Dr −6
r= = = −3
D 2
1 1 1
But = p x= x=
x p 3
1 1 1
= q y= y = =1
y q 1
1 1 1
= r z= z=
z r −3
1 1
x = y = 1 , z =
3 −3
6 Find the value of x using Cramer’ s rule
2x + 3y = 5 , y - 3z = - 2 z + 3x = 4
Solution : given equation can be written in the form
2x + 3y + 0z = 5 ---------------1
0x + y - 3z = - 2 ------------2
3x + 0y + z = 4 --------------3
Writing them in D , Dx
2 3 0
D= 0 1 −3
3 0 1
1 −3 0 −3 0 1
= 2 - 3 +0
0 1 3 1 3 0
= 2 (1) (1) − (0) (−3) − 3 (0)(1) − (3)( −3) + 0 (0)(0) − (3)(1)
= 2 1 − 0 − 3 0 + 9 + 00 − 3
= 2 1 − 39 + 0− 3
= 2- 27 +0
D = -25
5 3 0
Dx = −2 1 −3
4 0 1
1 −3 −2 −3 −2 1
= 5 - 3 +0
0 1 4 1 4 0
= 5 (1) (1) − (0) (−3) − 3 (−2)(1) − (4)( −3) + 0 (−2)(0) − (4)(1)
= 5 1 − 0 − 3 − 2 + 12 + 00 − 4
= 5 1 − 310 + 0− 3
= 5 - 30
DX = -25
Dx − 25
By Cramer’ s rule , x= = =1,
D − 25
7 Find the value of z using Cramer’ s rule
x + 2y+ 3z = 6 , 2x + 4y = 7 – z , 3x + 9z = 14 – 2y
Solution : given equation can be written in the form
x + 2y + 3z = 6 --------------------1
2x + 4y + z = 7 ----------------------2
3x + 2y + 9z = 14 -----------------------3
Writing them in D , Dz
1 2 3
D= 2 4 1
3 2 9
4 1 2 1 2 4
= 1 - 2 +3
2 9 3 9 3 2
= 1 (4) (9) − (2) (1) − 2 (2)(9) − (3)(1) + 3 (2)( 2) − (3)( 4)
= 1 36 − 2 − 2 18 − 3 + 34 − 12
= 1 34 − 215 + 3− 8
= 34 - 30 - 24 D = - 20
1 2 6
DZ = 2 4 7
3 2 14
4 7 2 7 2 4
= 1 - 2 +6
2 14 3 14 3 2
= 1 (4) (14) − (2) (7) − 2 (2)(14) − (3)(7) + 6 (2)( 2) − (3)( 4)
= 1 56 − 14 − 2 28 − 21 + 64 − 12
= 1 42 − 27 + 6− 8
= 42 - 14 – 48 DZ = -20
DZ − 20
By Cramer’ s rule , Z= = = 1,
D − 20
8 Find the value of y using Cramer’ s rule
x + 3Z = 2 Y + 4 , 2x + y = 3z + 5 , 2z + y = 3 + x
Solution : given equation can be written in the form
x - 2y + 3Z = 4 ----------------------1
2x + y - 3z = 5 , -----------------------2
- x + y + 2z = 3 -------------------------3
Writing them in D , Dy
1 −2 3
D= 2 1 −3
−1 1 2
1 −3 2 −3 2 1
= 1 - (-2) +3
1 2 −1 2 −1 1
= 1 (1) (2) − (−3) (1) + 2 (2)( 2) − (−3)( −1) + 3 (2)(1) − (−1)(1)
= 1 2 + 3 + 2 4 − 3 + 32 + 1
= 1 5 + 21 + 33
= 5+2 +9 D = 16
1 4 3
Dy = 2 5 −3
−1 3 2
5 −3 2 −3 2 5
= 1 - 4 +3
3 2 −1 2 −1 3
= 1 (5) (2) − (−3) (3) − 4 (2)( 2) − (−3)( −1) + 3 (2)(3) − (−1)(5)
= 1 10 + 9 − 4 4 − 3 + 36 + 5
= 1 19 − 41 + 311
= 19 – 4 + 33 Dy = 48
Dy 48
By Cramer’ s rule , y = = = 3,
D 16
TUTORIAL NO 3
Solve problems on partial fraction
x+5
Q1 Resolve in to partial fraction
x2 − x
x+5 x+5
solution : =
x − x x( x − 1)
2
x+5 A B
= + − − − − − − − −1
x( x − 1) x x − 1
x+5 ( x − 1) A + xB
=
x( x − 1) x( x − 1)
x + 5 = ( x − 1) A + xB − − − − − − − − − 2
PUT X = 0 in equation 2 , we get
(0) + 5 = (0 − 1) A + (0) B
5 = − 1A
A = −5
PUT X = 1 in equation 2 , we get
1 + 5 = (1 − 1) A + 1B
6 = (0) A + 1B
6 = 1B
B= 6
Put the value of A and B in equation 2 , we get
x+5 −5 6
= +
x( x − 1) x x −1
x−5
Q2 Resolve in to partial fraction 3
x + x2 − 6x
x−5 x−5 x−5
solution = =
x + x − 6 x x( x + x − 6) x( x + 3)( x − 2)
3 2 2
x−5 A B C
= + + − − − − − − − − − −1
x( x + 3)( x − 2) x x + 3 x − 2
x−5 ( x − 2) x + 3) A + x( x − 2) B + x( x + 3)C
=
x( x + 3)( x − 2) x( x + 3)( x − 2)
x − 5 = ( x − 2) x + 3) A + x( x − 2) B + x( x + 3)C − − − − − − − −2
Put x=0 in equation 2 ,we get
(0) − 5 = (0 − 2)(0 + 3) A + 0(0 − 2) B + 0(0 + 3)C
− 5 = (−2)(3) A + 0(−2) B + 0(3)C
− 5 = −6 A + 0 B + 0C
−5 5
A= =
−6 6
Put x=2 in equation 2 ,we get
2 − 5 = (2 − 2)( 2 + 3) A + 2(2 − 2) B + 2(2 + 3)C
− 3 = (0)(5) A + 2(0) B + 2(5)C
− 3 = (0) A + (0) B + 10C
− 3 = 10C
−3
C=
10
Put x= -3 in equation 2 ,we get
− 3 − 5 = (−3 − 2)( −3 + 3) A + −3(−3 − 2) B + −3(−3 + 3)C
− 8 = (−5)(0) A − 3(−5) B − 3(0)C
− 8 = 0 A + 15B − OC
− 8 = 15 B
−8
B=
15
Put the value of A ,B and C in equation 2 , we get
5 −8 −3
x−5
= 6 + 15 + 10
x( x + 3)( x − 2) x x + 3 x − 2
x−5 5 8 3
= − −
x( x + 3)( x − 2) 6 x 15( x + 3) 10( x − 2)
2x − 1
Q3 Resolve in to partial fraction
( x + 2)( x 2 − 1)
2x − 1 2x − 1
solution =
( x + 2)( x − 1) ( x + 2)( x + 1)( x − 1)
2
2x − 1 A B C
= + + − − − − − − −1
( x + 2)( x − 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 1) ( x − 1)
2
2x − 1 ( x + 1)( x − 1) A + ( x + 2)( x − 1) B + ( x + 2)( x + 1)C
=
( x + 2)( x − 1)
2
( x + 2)( x + 1)( x − 1)
2 x − 1= ( x + 1)( x − 1) A + ( x + 2)( x − 1) B + ( x + 2)( x + 1)C − − − − − − − 2
Put x= -2 in equation 2 ,we get
2(−2) − 1= (−2 + 1)( −2 − 1) A + (−2 + 2)( −2 − 1) B + (−2 + 2)( −2 + 1)C
− 4 − 1= (−1)( −3) A + (0)( −3) B + (0)( −1)C
− 5 = 3 A + 0 B + 0C
− 5= 3 A
−5
A=
3
Put x= -1 in equation 2 ,we get
2(−1) − 1= (−1 + 1)( −1 − 1) A + (−1 + 2)( −1 − 1) B + (−1 + 2)( −1 + 1)C
− 2 − 1= (0)( −2) A + (1)( −2) B + (1)(0)C
− 3 = 0 A − 2 B + (0)C
− 3 = − 2B
3
B=
2
Put x= 1 in equation 2 ,we get
2(1) − 1= (1 + 1)(1 − 1) A + (1 + 2)(1 − 1) B + (1 + 2)(1 + 1)C
1= (2)(0) A + (3)(0) B + (3)( 2)C
1= 0 A + (0) B + 6C
1
C=
6
Put the value of A ,B and C in equation 2 , we get
−5 3 1
2x − 1 3 + 2 + 6
=
( x + 2)( x 2 − 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 1) ( x − 1)
3x + 2
Q4 resolve in to partial fraction
( x + 1)( x 2 − 1)
3x + 2 3x + 2 3x + 2
Solution consider fraction = =
( x + 1)( x − 1) ( x + 1)( x − 1)( x + 1) ( x − 1)( x + 1) 2
2
3x + 2 A B c
= + + − − − − − − − − − − −1
( x − 1)( x + 1) 2
x − 1 x + 1 ( x + 1) 2
3x + 2 ( x + 1) 2 A + ( x + 1)( x − 1) B + ( x − 1)C
=
( x − 1)( x + 1) 2 ( x − 1)( x + 1) 2
3x + 2 = ( x + 1) 2 A + ( x + 1)( x − 1) B + ( x − 1)C − − − − − − − − − 2
Put x =1 in equation 2 , we get
3(1) + 2 = (1 + 1) 2 A + (1 + 1)(1 − 1) B + (1 − 1)C
5 = (2) 2 A + (2)(0) B + (0)C
5 = 4 A + 0 B + (0)C
5
5 = 4A A=
4
Put x = - 1 in equation 2 , we get
3(−1) + 2 = (−1 + 1) 2 A + (−1 + 1)(−1 − 1) B + (−1 − 1)C
− 3 + 2 = (0) 2 A + (0)(−2) B + (−2)C
− 1 = 0 A + 0 B + (−2)C
−1 = −2C
−1 1
C= =
−2 2
Put x = 0 in equation 2 , we get
3(0) + 2 = (0 + 1) 2 A + (0 + 1)(0 − 1) B + (0 − 1)C
2 = 2 A + (1)(−1) B + (−1)C
2 = A − B −C
5 1
2= −B−
4 2
5 1
B= − −2
4 2
5− 2−8 −5 −5
B= = B=
4 4 4
Put the values of A, B and c in 1 , we get
5 −5 1
3x + 2
= 4 + 4 + 2 2 − − − − − − − − − − −1
( x − 1)( x + 1) 2
x − 1 x + 1 ( x + 1)
2x + 1
Q5 resolve in to partial fraction
x ( x + 1)
2
2x + 1 A B C
Solution = + 2+ − − − − − − − − − − −1
x ( x + 1)
2
x x ( x + 1)
2x + 1 x( x + 1) A + ( x + 1) B + x 2 C
=
x 2 ( x + 1) x 2 ( x + 1)
2 x + 1 = x( x + 1) A + ( x + 1) B + x 2C − − − − − − − − − 2
Put x= 0 in equation 2 , we get
2(0) + 1 = 0(0 + 1) A + (0 + 1) B + (0) 2 C
1 = 0(1) A + (1) B + (0) 2 C
1 = 0 A + (1) B + 0C
1= B B =1
Put x= -1 in equation 2 , we get
2(−1) + 1 = − 1(−1 + 1) A + (−1 + 1) B + (−1) 2 C
− 2 + 1 = − 1(0) A + (0) B + 1C
− 1 = 0 A + (0) B + 1C
−1 = C C = −1
Put x= 0 in equation 2 , we get
2(1) + 1 = 1(1 + 1) A + (1 + 1) B + (1) 2 C
2(1) + 1 = 1(2) A + (2) B + (1) 2 C
3 = 2 A + 2B + C
3 = 2 A + 2(1) + (−1)
3 = 2A +1
2A = 2 A= 1
Put the values of A , B , and C i equation 1 , we get
2x + 1 1 1 1
= + 2−
x ( x + 1)
2
x x ( x + 1)
x 2 + 23 x
Q6 Resolve in to partial fraction
( x − 3)( x 2 + 1)
x 2 + 23x A Bx + C
= + 2 − − − − − − − − −1
( x − 3)( x + 1) x − 3 x + 1
2
x 2 + 23x ( x 2 + 1) A + ( Bx + C )( x − 3)
=
( x − 3)( x 2 + 1) ( x − 3)( x 2 + 1)
x 2 + 23x = ( x 2 + 1) A + ( Bx + C )( x − 3) − − − − − − − − − −2
Put x=3 i n equation 2 , we get
(3) 2 + 23(3) = ((3) 2 + 1) A + (3B + C )(3 − 3)
9 + 69 = (9 + 1) A + (3B + C )(0)
78 = (10) A + (3B + C )(0)
78 39
78 = (10) A+ )(0) A= =
10 5
Put x= 0 i n equation 2 , we get
(0) 2 + 23(0) = ((0) 2 + 1) A + ( B(0) + C )((0) − 3)
78
0= − 3C
10
78 13
C= =
30 5
Put x= 1 in equation 2 , we get
(1) 2 + 23(1) = (12 + 1) A + ( B1 + C )(1 − 3)
24 = (2) A + ( B + C )( −2)
39 13
24 = 2 − 2B − 2
5 5
78 26
24 = − 2 B −
5 5
78 26
2B = − − 24
5 5
78 − 26 − 120
2B =
5
− 68
2B =
5
− 68 − 34
B= =
10 5
Put the values of A , B , C In equation 1 , we get
39 − 34 13
x+
x + 23x
2
= 5 + 5 2 5
( x − 3)( x 2 + 1) x−3 x +1
3x − 2
Q7 Resolve in to partial fraction
( x + 2)( x 2 + 4)
3x − 2
solution consider given fraction
( x + 2)( x 2 + 4)
3x − 2 A Bx + C
= + 2 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −1
( x + 2)( x + 4) x + 2 x + 4
2
3x − 2 ( x 2 + 4) A + ( Bx + C )( x + 2)
=
( x + 2)( x 2 + 4) ( x + 2)( x 2 + 4)
3x − 2 = ( x 2 + 4) A + ( Bx + C )( x + 2) − − − − − − − 2
Put x=-2 in equation 2 , we get
3(−2) − 2 = (( −2) 2 + 4) A + ( B(−2) + C )( −2 + 2)
− 6 − 2 = (4 + 4) A + (−2 B + C )(0)
− 8 = (8) A + (0)
8
− 8= (8) A A= = −1
−8
Put x=0 in equation 2 , we get
3(0) − 2 = ((0) 2 + 4) A + ( B(0) + C )((0) + 2)
0 − 2 = (0 + 4) A + (0) + C )(( 0) + 2)
− 2 = (4) A+) + C (2)
− 2 = (4)( −1)+) + C (2)
− 2 = −4 + 2C
− 2 + 4 = 2C
2 = 2C
C =1
Put x=1 in equation 2 , we get
3(1) − 2 = ((1) 2 + 4) A + ( B(1) + C )((1) + 2)
3 − 2 = (1 + 4) A + ( B + C )(1 + 2)
1 = (5) A + ( B + C )(3)
1 = 5(−1) + 3B + 3(1)
1 + 5 − 3 = 3B
3 = 3B
B =1
Put the values of A , B , C In equation 1 , we get
3x − 2 −1 1x + 1
= + 2
( x + 2)( x + 4) x + 2 x + 4
2
x3 + x
Q8 Resolve in to partial fraction
x2 − 9
x3 + x
Solution Give fraction − − − − − − − − − Im proper fraction
x2 − 9
x3 + x
− − − − − − − − − Im proper fraction
x2 − 9
x3 + x R 10 x
=Q+ = x+ 2 − − − − − − − − −1
x −9
2
D x −9
x A B
consider fraction = +
x −9 x−3 x+3
2
x A B
= + −−−−−−−−−2
( x + 3)( x − 3) x − 3 x + 3
x ( x + 3) A + ( x − 3 _) B
=
( x + 3)( x − 3) ( x + 3( x − 3)
x = ( x + 3) A + ( x − 3) B − − − − − − − − − −3
Put x = 3 in equation 3
3 = (3 + 3) A + (3 − 3) B
3 = (6) A + (0) B
3= (6) A
3 1
A= =
6 2
Put x = - 3 in equation 3
− 3 = (−3 + 3) A + (−3 − 3) B
− 3 = (0) A + (−6) B
− 3 = −6 B
−3 1
B= =
−6 2
Put the values of A, B in equation 2 we get
1 1
x
= 2 + 2
( x + 3)( x − 3) x − 3 x + 3
x 1 1 1
= +
( x + 3)( x − 3) 2 x − 3 x + 3
Equation 1 becomes
x3 + x 1 1 1
= x + 10 +
x −9
2
2 x − 3 x + 3
x3 + x 1 1
= x +5 +
x −9 x − 3 x + 3
2
x4
Q9 Resolve in to partial fraction 3
x −1
x4
Solution ; Given fraction 3 − − − − − −improper fraction
x −1
Divide numerator by denomimator
x4 x
= x− 3 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −1
x −1
3
x −1
x x A ( Bx + C )
= = + 2
x − 1 (( x − 1)( x + x + 1) x − 1 x + x + 1
3 2
x A ( Bx + C )
= + 2 − − − − − − − − − − − −2
(( x − 1)( x + x + 1) x − 1 x + x + 1
2
x ( x 2 + x + 1) A + ( Bx + C )( x − 1)
=
(( x − 1)( x 2 + x + 1) ( x − 1)(( x 2 + x + 1)
x = ( x 2 + x + 1) A + ( Bx + C )( x − 1) − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 3
Put x= 1 in euation 3 we get
(1) = (1 + 1 + 1) A + ( B + C )(0)
1
(1) = (3) A + 0 A=
3
Put x= 0 in euation 3 we get
0 = (0 2 + 0 + 1) A + ( B0 + C )(0 − 1)
0 = (1) A + (C )( −1)
0 = A− C
1
C=A C=
3
Put x=- 1 in euation 3 we get
(−1) = ((−1) 2 + (1) + 1) A + ( B(−1) + C )(( −1) − 1)
(−1) = (1 − 1 + 1) A + (− B + C )( −2)
(−1) = (1 − 1 + 1) A + (− B + C )( −2)
−1 = A + 2B − 2C
1 1
− 1 = + 2B − 2
3 3
1 2
2 B = −1 − +
3 3
− 3 −1+ 2
2B =
3
−2
2B =
3
−1
B=
3
1 −1 1
x+
x
= 3 + 3 3
( x − 1)( x 2 + x + 1) x − 1 x 2 + x + 1
x 1 1 − x +1
= + 2
( x − 1)( x + x + 1) 3 ( x − 1) x + x + 1
2
Equation 1 becomes
x4 1 1 − x +1
= x− + 2
x −1
3
3 ( x − 1) x + x + 1
x2
Q10 Resolve in to partial fraction
( x 2 + 1)( x 2 + 2)
x2
Solution consider fraction
( x 2 + 1)( x 2 + 2)
Put x2 =t
t A B
= + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −1
(t + 1)(t + 2) t + 1 t + 2
t (t + 2) A + (t + 1) B
=
(t + 1)(t + 2) (t + 1)(t + 2)
t = (t + 2) A + (t + 1) B − − − − − − − 2
Put t=-1 in equation 2 we get
− 1 = (−1 + 2) A + (−1 + 1) B
− 1 = (1) A + (0) B
− 1= (1) A
A = −1
Put t=-2 in equation 2 we get
− 2 = (−2 + 2) A + (−2 + 1) B
− 2 = (0) A + (−1) B
− 2 = −1B
B=2
Put the values of A and B in equation 2 , we get
t −1 2
= +
(t + 1)(t + 2) t + 1 t + 2
Put x2=t
x2 −1 2
= 2 + 2
( x + 1)( x + 2) x + 1 x + 2
2 2
tan
Q11 Resolve in to partial fraction
(tan + 2)(tan + 3)
tan
Solution
(tan + 2)(tan + 3)
tan = x
x A B
= + − − − − − − − − − − −1
( x + 2+)( x + 3) x + 2 x + 3
x ( x + 3) A + ( x + 2) B
=
( x + 2+)( x + 3) ( x + 2)( x + 3)
x = ( x + 3) A + ( x + 2) B − − − − − − − − − 2
Put x=-3 in equation 2 , we get
− 3 = (−3 + 3) A + (−3 + 2) B
− 3 = (0) A + (−1) B
− 3 = −1B
B=3
Put x=-2 in equation 2 , we
− 2 = (−2 + 3) A + (−2 + 2) B
− 2 = (1) A + (0) B
− 2 = (1) A
A=2
Put the values of A and B in equation 1
x 2 3
= +
( x + 2+)( x + 3) x + 2 x + 3
tan 2 3
= +
(tan + 2+)(tan + 3) tan + 2 tan + 3
ex +1
Q12 Resolve in to partial fraction
(e x + 2)(e x + 3)
ex +1
Solution Consider the fraction
(e x + 2)(e x + 3)
put e x = x
x +1 A B
= + − − − − − − − − − − −1
( x + 2+)( x + 3) x + 2 x + 3
x +1 ( x + 3) A + ( x + 2) B
=
( x + 2+)( x + 3) ( x + 2)( x + 3)
x = ( x + 3) A + ( x + 2) B − − − − − − − − − 2
Put x=-3 in equation 2 , we get
− 3 + 1` = (−3 + 3) A + (−3 + 2) B
− 2 = (0) A + (−1) B
− 2 = −1B
B=2
Put x=-2 in equation 2 , we
− 2 + 1 = (−2 + 3) A + (−2 + 2) B
− 1 = (1) A + (0) B
− 1 = (1) A
A = −1
Put the values of A and B in equation 1
ex +1 −1 2
= x + x
(e + 2+)(e + 3) e + 2 e + 3
x x
Tutorial no 4
Solve problems on algebra of matrix
2 3 1 1 2 − 6
Q1 IF A = ,B = Evaluate 3 A − 4 B
0 − 1 5 0 − 1 3
2 3 1 1 2 − 6
Solution given matrix A= , B = 0 − 1 3
0 − 1 5
2 3 1 1 2 − 6
3 A − 4 B = 3 − 4
0 − 1 5 0 − 1 3
6 9 3 4 8 − 24
3 A − 4B = −
0 − 3 15 0 − 4 12
6 − 4 9−8 3 − (−24)
=
0 + 0 − 3 − (−4) 15 − 12
6 − 4 9 − 8 3 + 24)
=
0 + 0 − 3 + 4 15 − 12
2 1 27
3 A − 4B =
0 1 3
2 3 1 3
Q2 If A = ,B = Find 2 A + 3B − 4 I Where I unit matrix
4 7 4 6
2 3 1 3
solution Given matrix A = ,B =
4 7 4 6
2 3 1 3 1 0
2 A + 3B − 4 I = 2 + 3 − 4
4 7 4 6 0 1
4 6 3 9 4 0
= + −
8 14 12 18 0 4
4+3−4 6+9−0
=
8 + 12 − 0 14 + 18 − 4
3 15
2 A + 3B − 4 I =
20 28
2 − 1 3 − 2
Q3 If A = ,B = Find Matrix x such that 2 A + X = 3B
4 3 − 1 4
2 − 1 3 − 2
Solution Give matrix A= ,B =
4 3 − 1 4
2A + X = 3B
X= 3B - 2A
3 − 2 2 − 1
X = 3B − 2 A = 3 −2
− 1 4 4 3
9 − 6 4 − 2
X = 3B − 2 A = −
− 3 12 8 6
9 − 4 − 6 − (−2)
X =
− 3 − 8 12 − 9
9 − 4 − 6 + 2)
X =
− 3 − 8 12 − 6
5 − 4
X =
− 11 6
1 x 0 3 1 2 4 2 2
Q 4 Find x and y satisfying the equation y 2 4 + 4 =
3 − 2 6 5 2
1 x 0 3 1 2 4 2 2
Solution Given y 2 4 + 4 3 − 2 = 6 5 2
1 + 3 x + 1 0 + 2 4 2 2
y + 4 2 + 3 4 − 2 = 6 5 2
4 x + 1 2 4 2 2
y + 4 =
5 2 6 5 2
By equality of matrix ,we get
x +1 = 2 and y + 4 = 6
x = 2 −1 and y = 6 − 4
x =1 and y = 2
2 − 1
3 4 − 2
Q5 If A = B = 3 4 find matrix AB
2 1 0 0 2
2 − 1
3 4 − 2
Solution Give matrix A= B = 3 4
2 1 0 0 2
A23 and B32
number of columns of A is equal to the number of rows of B so matrix
multiplication exist and order of matrix is 2 X2
2 − 1
3 4 − 2
AB = 3 4
2 1 0 0 2
(3)( 2) + (4)(3) + (−2)(0) (3)( −1) + (4)( 4) + (−2)( 2)
AB =
(2)( 2) + (1)(3) + (0)(0 (2)( −1) + (1)( 4) + (0)( 4)
6 + 12 + 0 − 3 + 16 − 4
=
4+3+ 0 −2+ 4+0
18 9
AB =
7 2
2 3
1 − 2 3
Q6 If A = B = 3 1 find matrix AB − 3I
− 2 1 1 1 2
2 3
1 − 2 3
Solution Given matrix A = B = 3 1
− 2 1 1 1 2
A23 and B32
number of columns of A is equal to the number of rows of B so matrix
multiplication exist and order of matrix is 2 X2
2 3
1 − 2 3
AB = 3 1
− 2 1 1 1 2
(1)( 2) + (−2)(3) + (3)(1) (1)(3) + (−2)(1) + (3)( 2)
AB =
(−2)( 2) + (1)(3) + (1)(1) (−2)(3) + (1)(1) + (1)( 2)
2−6+3 3−2+6
AB =
− 4 + 3 + 1 − 6 + 1 + 2
1 7
AB =
0 − 3
− 1 7 1 0
AB − 3I = − 3
0 − 3 0 1
− 1 7 3 0
AB − 3I = −
0 − 3 0 3
− 1 − 3 7 − 0
=
0 − 0 − 3 − 3
− 4 7
AB − 3I =
0 − 6
4 3
Q7 If A = Find A2 − 9 A + 14 I Where I is unit matrix
2 5
4 3
solution Given matrix A =
2 5
4 3 4 3
A2 = A A =
2 5 2 5
(4)( 4) + (3)( 2) (4)(3) + (3)(5)
=
(2)( 4) + (5)( 2) (2)(3) + (5)(5)
16 + 6 12 + 15
=
8 + 10 6 + 25
22 27
=
18 31
22 27 4 3 1 0
A2 − 9 A + 14 I = − 9 + 14
18 31 2 5 0 1
22 27 36 27 14 0
= − +
18 31 18 45 0 14
22 27 36 27 14 0
= − +
18 31 18 45 0 14
22 − 36 + 14 27 − 27 − 0
=
18 − 18 + 0 31 − 45 + 14
0 0
A2 − 9 A + 14 I
=
0 0
1 0 1 2 x
2
Q8 If A = 0 1 , B = − 2 3 C = X = y find the values of x, y, z if (5 A − 3B).C = X
1 1 3 1 1 z
1 0 1 2 x
2
solution Given matrix A = 0 1 , B = − 2 3 C = X = y
1 1 3 1 1 z
(5 A − 3B)C = X
1 0 1 2 x
2
50 1 − 3− 2 3 = y
3 1 z
1 1 1
5 0 3 6 x
2
0 5 − − 6 9 = y
9 3 z
5 5 1
5 − 3 0 − 6 x
2
0 − (−6) 5 − 9 = y
5 − 9 − 1 z
5 3
2 − 6 x
2
6 − 4 = y
− 4 2 1 z
(2)( 2) + (−6)(1) x
(6)( 2) + (−4)(1) = y
(−4)( 2) + (2)(1) z
4−6 x
12 − 4 = y
− 8 + 2) z
−2 x
8 = y
− 6) z
B y equality of matrix x = -2 y = 8 and z=-6
2 4 4
Q9 If A = 4 2 4 show that A2 − 8 A is scalar matrix
4 4 2
2 4 4
solution : Given matrix A = 4 2 4
4 4 2
2 4 4 2 4 4
A = A A = 4 2 4 4 2 4
2
4 4 2 4 4 2
(2)( 2) + (4)( 4) + (4)( 4) (4)( 2) + (4)( 2 + (4)( 4)) (2)( 4) + (4)( 4) + (4)( 2)
= (4)( 2) + (2)( 4) + (4)( 4) (4)( 4) + (2)( 2) + (4)( 4) (4)( 4) + (2)( 4) + (4)( 2)
(4)( 2) + (4)( 4) + (2)( 4) (4)( 4) + (4)( 2) + (2)( 4) (4)( 4) + (4)( 4) + (2)( 2)
4 + 16 + 16 (8(4) + 8 + 16 8 + 16 + 8
= 8 + 8 + 16 16 + 4 + 16 16 + 8 + 8
8 + 16 + 8 16 + 8 + 8 16 + 16 + 4
36 32 32
A = 32 36 32
2
32 32 36
36 32 32 2 4 4
A − 8 A = 32 36 32 − 84 2 4
2
32 32 36 4 4 2
36 32 32 16 32 32
= 32 36 32 − 32 16 32
32 32 36 32 32 16
36 − 16 32 − 32 32 − 32
= 32 − 32 36 − 16 32 − 32
32 − 32 32 − 32 36 − 16
20 0 0
A − 8 A = 0 20 0
2
0 0 20
W hich is scalar matrix
Tutorial no 5
Solve problems on transpose and adj of matrix
− 3 7
2 3 − 1 − 5 6 then show that ( AB )T = BT . AT
Q1 IF A = and
1 0 4 − 4 4
− 3 7
2 3 − 1
Solution Given Matrix A = and − 5 6
1 0 4 − 4 4
− 3 7
2 3 − 1 − 5 6
AB =
1 0 4 − 4 4
(2)( −3) + (3)( −5) + (−1)( −4) (2)(7) + (3)(6) + (−1)( 4)
AB =
(1)( −3) + (0)( −5) + (4)( −4) (1)(7) + (0)(6) + (4)( 4)
− 6 − 15 + 4 14 + 18 − 4
AB =
− 3 + 0 − 16 7 + 0 + 16
− 17 28
AB =
− 19 23
T aking transpose , we get
− 17 − 19
( AB)T = − − − − − − − − − − − − − −1
28 23
Now taking separate transpose
2 1
− 3 − 5 − 4
T
= 3 0 and BT =
4
A
− 1 4 7 6
2 1
− 3 − 5 − 4
BT . AT = 3 0
7 6 4 − 1 4
(−3)( 2) + (−5)(3) + (−4)( −1) (−3)(1) + (−5)(0) + (−4)( 4)
BT . AT =
(7)( 2) + (6)(3) + (4)( −1) (7)(1) + (6)(0) + (4)( 4)
− 6 − 15 + 4 − 3 + 0 − 16
BT . AT =
14 + 18 − 4 7 + 0 + 16
− 17 − 19
= −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2
28 23
From equation 1 and equation 2 , we get
( AB)T = BT . AT
4 2 − 3
Q2 Express the matrix A as sum of symmetric and skew symmetric matrix , A = 1 3 − 6
− 5 0 − 7
4 2 − 3
Solution A = 1 3 − 6 − − − − − 1
− 5 0 − 7
4 1 − 5
AT = 2 3 0 − − − − − 2
− 3 − 6 − 7
give matrix can be written as A =
1
2
1
A + AT + A − AT − − − − − −3
2
Adding 1 and 2 we get
4 2 − 3 4 1 − 5
A + AT = 1 3
− 6 + 2 3 0
− 5 0 − 7 − 3 − 6 − 7
4+4 2 + 1 − 3 − 5
A + A = 1 + 2
T
3 + 3 − 6 + 0
− 5 − 3 0 − 6 − 7 − 7
8 3 −8
A + AT = 3 6 − 6 − − − − − − − 4
− 8 − 6 − 14
Subtracting 1 and 2 we get
4 2 − 3 4 1 − 5
A − AT = 1 3 − 6 − 2 3 0
− 5 0 − 7 − 3 − 6 − 7
4−4 2 −1 − 3 − (−5
A − A = 1− 2
T
3−3 − 6 − 0
− 5 − (−3) 0 − (−6) − 7 − (−7)
0 1 2
A − AT = − 1 0 6 − − − − − − − −5
− 2 6 0
Put equation 3and 4 in equation 3 , we get
4 2 − 3 8 3 −8 0 1 2
1 3 − 6 = 1 3 6 − 6 + − 1 0 6
1
2 2
− 5 0 − 7 − 8 − 6 − 14 − 2 6 0
A = Symmetric matrix + skew symmetric matrix
cos 0 sin
Q3 Show that the matrix A = 0 1 0 is an orthogonal matrix
− sin 0 cos
cos 0 sin
Solution Given Matrix A = 0 1 0
− sin 0 cos
Matrix is said to be orthogonal if AAT =I
cos 0 − sin
A = 0
T
1 0
sin 0 cos
cos 0 sin cos 0 − sin
AA = 0
T
1 0 0
1 0
− sin 0 cos sin 0 cos
cos 2 + 0 + sin 2 0+0+0 − sin cos + 0 + sin cos
AAT = 0+0+0 0+!+0 0+0+0
− sin cos + 0 + sin cos 0 + 0 + 0 (− sin )( − sin ) + 0 + cos cos
sin 2 + cos 2 0 0
AAT = 0 1 0
0 2
0 sin + cos
2
1 0 0
AA = 0 1
T
0
0 0 1
AAT = I
Given matrix is orthogonal matrix
1 0 − 1
Q4 Find the adjoint of the following matrix A = 3 4 5
0 − 6 − 7
1 0 − 1
Solution: Given matrix A = 3 4 5
0 − 6 − 7
To find cofactor matrix
4 5
C11 = + = +(4)( −7) − (−6)(5) = + − 28 + 30 = 2
−6 −7
3 5
C12 = − = −(−7)(3) − (5)(0) = − − 21 − 0 = − (−21) = 21
0 −7
3 4
C13 = + = +(−6)(3) − (0)( 4) = + − 18 − 0 = − 18
0 −6
0 −1
C 21 = − = −(0)( −7) − (−6)( −1) = − 0 − 6 = 6
−6 −7
1 −1
C 22 = + = +(1)( −7) − (0)( −1) = + − 7 − 0 = − 7
0 −7
1 0
C 23 = − = −(1)( −6) − (0)(0) = − − 6 − 0 = 6
0 −6
0 −1
C 31 = + = +(0)(5) − (4)( −1) = + 0 + 4 = 4
4 5
1 −1
C 32 = − = − (1)(5) − (−1)(3) = − 5 + 3 = −8
3 5
1 0
C 33 = = (1)( 4) − (0)(3) = 4 − 0 = 4
3 4
C11 C12 C13 2 21 − 18
Cofactor matrix = C 21 C 22 C 23 = 6 − 7 6
C 31 C 32 C 33 4 − 8 4
2 6 4
AdjA= Traanspose ofcofactor matrix = 21 − 7 − 8
− 18 6 4
1 2 6
Q5 Find the adjoint of the following matrix A = 7 2 5
8 2 10
1 2 6
Solution: Given matrix A = 7 2 5
8 2 10
To find cofactor matrix
2 5
C11 = + = +(2)(10) − (2)(5) = + 20 − 10 = 10
2 10
2 5
C12 = − = −(7)(10) − (5)(8) = − 70 − 40 = − (30) = −30
8 10
7 2
C13 = + = +(7)( 2) − (8)( 2) = + 14 − 16 = − 2
8 2
2 6
C21 = − = −(2)(6) − (2)(10) = − 12 − 20 = 8
2 10
1 6
C22 = + = +(10)(1) − (8)(6) = + 10 − 48 = − 38
8 10
1 2
C23 = − = −(1)( 2) − (8)( 2) = − 2 − 16 = − 14
8 2
2 6
C31 = + = +(2)(5) − (2)(6) = + 10 − 12 = − 2
2 5
1 6
C32 = − = − (1)(5) − (7)(6) = − 5 − 42 = 37
7 5
1 2
C33 = = (1)( 2) − (7)( 2) = 2 − 14 = −12
7 2
C11 C12 C13 10 − 30 − 2
Cofactor matrix = C 21 C 22 C 23 = − 8 − 38 14
C 31 C 32 C 33 − 2 37 − 12
10 −8 − 2
AdjA= Traanspose ofcofactor matrix = − 30 − 38 37
− 2 14 − 12
1 3 2
Q6 Find the adjoint of the following matrix A = − 1 0 2
3 1 − 1
1 3 2
Solution: Given matrix A = − 1 0 2
3 1 − 1
To find cofactor matrix
0 2
C11 = + = +(0)( −1) − (1)( 2) = + 0 − 2 = − 2
1 −1
−1 2
C12 = − = −(−1)( −1) − (3)( 2) = − 1 − 6 = − (−5) = 5
3 −1
−1 0
C13 = + = +(−1)(1) − (0)(3) = + − 1 − 0 = − 1
3 1
3 2
C21 = − = −(3)( −1) − (1)( 2) = − − 3 − 2 = 5
1 −1
1 2
C22 = + = +(1)( −1) − (3)( 2) = + − 1 − 6 = − 7
3 −1
1 3
C23 = − = −(1)(1) − (3)(3) = − 1 − 9 = 8
3 1
3 2
C31 = + = +(2)(3) − (2)(0) = + 6 − 0 = 6
0 2
1 2
C32 = − = − (1)( 2) − (−1)( 2) = − 2 + 2 = − 4 = −4
−1 2
1 3
C33 = = (1)(0) − (−1)(3) = 0 + 3 = 3
−1 0
C11 C12 C13 − 2 5 − 1
Cofactor matrix = C 21 C 22 C 23 = 5 − 7 8
C 31 C 32 C 33 6 − 4 3
− 2 5 6
AdjA= Traanspose ofcofactor matrix = 5 − 7 − 4
− 1 8 3
TUTORIAL NO 6
Solve problems on inverse of matrix and matrix inversion method
2 − 1 − 3
Q1 Find the inverse of the following matrix A = 3 − 4 − 2
5 2 4
2 − 1 − 3
Solution: Given matrix A = 3 − 4 − 2
5 2 4
2 −1 − 3
A = 3 −4 −2
5 2 4
−4 −2 3 −2 3 −4
=2 − (−1) + (−3)
2 4 5 4 5 2
= 2(−4)(4) − (2)(−2) + 1(3)(4) + (5)(−2) − 3(3)(2) − (5)(−4)
= 2− 16 + 4 + 112 + 10 − 36 + 20)
= 2− 12 + 122 − 326
= −24 + 22 − 78
− 102 + 22 = − 80
A = −80 0 A−1 exists
To find cofactor matrix
−4 −2
C11 = + = +(−4)( 4) − (−2)( 2) = + − 16 + 4 = − 12
2 4
3 −2
C12 = − = −(3)( 4) − (5)( −2) = − 12 + 10 = − (22) = −22
5 4
3 −4
C13 = + = +(3)( 2) − (−4)(5) = + 6 + 20 = 26
5 2
−1 − 3
C21 = − = −(−1)( 4) − (2)( −3) = − − 4 + 6 = − 2= −2
2 4
2 −3
C22 = + = +(2)( 4) − (5)( −3) = + 8 + 18 = 23
5 4
2 −1
C23 = − = −(2)( 2) − (5)( −1) = − 4 + 5 = − 9
5 2
−1 − 3
C31 = + = +(−2)( −1) − (−4)( −3) = + 2 − 12 = − 10
−4 −2
2 −3
C32 = − = − (−2)( 2) − (3)( −3) = − − 4 + 9 = − 5 = −5
3 −2
2 −1
C33 = = (2)( −4) − (−1)(3) = − 8 + 3 = −5
3 −4
C11 C12 C13 − 12 − 22 26
Cofactor matrix = C 21 C 22 C 23 = − 2 23 − 9
C 31 C 32 C 33 − 10 − 5 − 5
− 12 − 2 − 10
AdjA = Traanspose ofcofactor matrix = − 22 23 − 5
26 − 9 − 5
− 12 − 2 − 10
1
− 22 23 − 5
−1 1
A = AdjA =
A − 80
26 − 9 − 5
1 2 3
Q2 Find the inverse of the following matrix A = 2 4 5
3 5 6
1 2 3
Solution: Given matrix A = 2 4 5
3 5 6
1 2 3
A =2 4 5
3 5 6
4 5 2 5 2 4
=1 −2 +3
5 6 3 6 3 5
= 1(6)(4) − (5)(5) − 2(2)(6) + (5)(3) + 3(2)(5) − (3)(4)
= 124 − 25 − 212 − 15 + 310 − 12)
= 1− 1 − 2− 3 + 3− 2
= −1 + 6 − 6
−1
A = −1 A−1 exists
To find cofactor matrix
4 5
C11 = + = +(4)(6) − (5)(5) = + 24 − 25 = − 1
5 6
2 5
C12 = − = −(2)(6) − (5)(3) = − 12 − 15 = − (−3) = 3
3 6
2 4
C13 = + = +(2)(5) − (4)(3) = + 10 − 12 = − 2
3 5
2 3
C21 = − = −(2)(6) − (3)(5) = − 12 − 15 = − − 3= 3
5 6
1 3
C22 = + = +(1)(6) − (3)(3) = + 6 − 9 = − 3
3 6
1 2
C23 = − = −(1)(5) − (3)( 2) = − 5 − 6 = 1
3 5
2 3
C31 = + = +(2)(5) − (4)(3) = + 10 − 12 = − 2
4 5
1 3
C32 = − = − (1)(5) − (2)(3) = − 5 − 6 = − − 1 = 1
2 5
1 2
C33 = = (1)( 4) − (2)( 2) = 4 − 4 = 0
2 4
C11 C12 C13 − 1 3 − 2
Cofactor matrix = C 21 C 22 C 23 = 3 − 3 1
C 31 C 32 C 33 − 2 1 0
− 1 3 − 2
AdjA= Traanspose ofcofactor matrix = 3 − 3 1
− 2 1 0
− 1 3 − 2
1
3 − 3 1
−11
A = AdjA =
A −1
− 2 1 0
3 − 3 4
Q3 Find the inverse of the following matrix A = 2 − 3 4
0 − 1 1
3 − 3 4
Solution: Given matrix A = 2 − 3 4
0 − 1 1
3 −3 4
A = 2 −3 4
0 −1 1
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
=3 − (−3) +4
−1 1 0 1 0 −1
= 3(−3)(1) − (−1)(4) + 3(2)(1) − (0)(4) + 4(2)(−1) − (−3)(0)
= 3− 3 + 4 + 32 − 0 + 4− 2 − 0
= 3+ 6−8
=1
A =1 A−1 exists
To find cofactor matrix
−3 4
C11 = + = +(−3)(1) − (−1)( 4) = + − 3 + 4 = 1
−1 1
2 4
C12 = − = −(2)(1) − (0)( 4) = − 2 − 0 = − (2) = −2
0 1
2 −3
C13 = + = +(2)( −1) − (0)( −3) = + − 2 − 0 = − 2
0 −1
−3 4
C21 = − = −(−3)(1) − (−1)( 4) = − − 3 + 4 = − 1= −1
−1 1
3 4
C22 = + = +(1)(3) − (4)(0) = + 3 − 0 = 3
0 1
3 −3
C23 = − = −(3)( −1) − (0)( −3) = − − 3 − 0 = 3
0 −1
−3 4
C31 = + = +(−3)( 4) − (−3)( 4) = + − 12 + 12 = 0
−3 4
3 4
C32 = − = − (4)(3) − (2)( 4) = − 12 − 8 = − 4 = −4
2 4
3 −3
C33 = = (3)( −3) − (2)( −3) = − 9 + 6 = − 3
2 −3
C11 C12 C13 1 − 2 − 2
Cofactor matrix = C 21 C 22 C 23 = − 1 3 3
C 31 C 32 C 33 0 − 4 − 3
1 −1 0
AdjA= Traanspose ofcofactor matrix = − 2 3 − 4
− 2 3 − 3
1 −1 0
AdjA = − 2 3 − 4
−1 1 1
A =
A 1
− 2 3 − 3
Q4 using matrix inversion method solve the following system of equation m
x+ y + z = 3 , 3x - 2y + 3z = 4 5x + 5y +z = 11
soliution x+ y + z = 3
, 3x - 2y + 3z = 4
5x + 5y +z = 11
Given system of equation can be written in matrix form
1 1 1 x 3
3 − 2 3 y = 4
5 5 1 z 11
AX = B
X = A−1B − − − − − − − − − −1
Where
1 1 1 x 3
A = 3 − 2 3 , X = y B = 4
5 5 1 z 11
x
1 1 1
To find A-1 A = 3 −2 3
5 5 1
−2 3 3 3 3 −2
=1 −1 +1
5 1 5 1 5 5
= 1(−2)(1) − (5)(3) − 1(3)(1) + (5)(3) + 1(3)(5) − (−2)(5)
= 1− 2 − 15 − 13 − 15 + 115 + 10)
= 1− 17 − 1− 12 + 125
= −17 + 12 + 25
A = 20 0
A−1 exists
To find the cofactor matrix of A
−2 3
C11 = + = +(−2)(1) − (5)(3) = + − 2 − 15 = − 17
5 1
3 3
C12 = − = −(3)(1) − (5)(3) = − 3 − 15 = − (−12) = 12
5 1
3 −2
C13 = + = +(3)(5) − (5)( −2) = + 15 + 10 = 25
5 5
1 1
C 21 = − = −(1)(1) − (5)(1) = − 1 − 5 = − (−4) = 4
5 1
1 1
C 22 = + = +(1)(1) − (5)(1) = + 1 − 5 = + (−4) = −4
5 1
1 1
C 23 = − = −(1)(5) − (5)(1) = − 5 − 5 = − (0) = 0
5 5
1 1
C 31 = + = +(3)(1) − (−2)(1) = + 3 + 2 = 5
−2 3
1 1
C 32 = − = − (1)(3) − (1)(3) = − 3 − 3 = 0
3 3
1 1
C 33 = = (1)( −2) − (1)(3) = − 2 − 3 = −5
3 −2
C11 C12 C13 − 17 12 25
Cofactor matrix = C 21 C 22 C 23 = 4 − 4 0 ---------------------2
C 31 C 32 C 33 5 0 − 5
− 17 4 5
AdjA = Traanspose ofcofactor matrix = 12 − 4 0 --------------------3
25 0 − 5
− 17 4 5
A−1 =
1
AdjA =
1 12 − 4 0 ---------------------4
A 20
25 0 − 5
Putting A-1in equation 1 ,we get
x − 17 4 5 3
y = 1
12 − 4 0 4
20
z 25 0 − 5 11
− 51 + 16 + 55
1
= 36 − 16 + 0
20
75 + 0 − 55
x 20
y = 1 20
20
z 20
x 1
y = 1
z 1
By equality of matrix ,we get
X = 1 y =1 z =1
Q5 using matrix inversion method solve the following system of equation m
2x + y=3 ,2y+3z= 4 2z+2x=8
soliution 2x + y + 0z = 3
, ox+2y+3z=4
2x+0y+2z = 8
Given system of equation can be written in matrix form
2 1 0 x 3
0 2 3 y = 4
2 0 2 z 8
AX = B
X = A−1B − − − − − − − − − −1
Where
2 1 0 x 3
A = 0 2 3 , X = y B = 4
2 0 2 z 8
x
2 1 0
-1
To find A A =0 2 3
2 0 2
2 3 0 3 0 2
=2 −1 +0
0 2 2 2 2 0
= 2(2)(2) − (0)(3) − 1(0)(2) − (2)(3) + 0(0)0) − (2)(2)
= 24 − 0 − 10 − 6 + 00 − 2)
= 24 + 16 + 10
= 8+6+0
A = 14 0
A−1 exists
To find the cofactor matrix of A
2 3
C11 = + = +(2)( 2) − (0)(3) = + 4 − 0 = 4
0 2
0 3
C12 = − = −(0)( 2) − (2)(3) = − 0 − 6 = − (−6) = 6
2 2
0 2
C13 = + = +(0)(0) − (2)( 2) = + 0 − 4 = − 4
2 0
1 0
C 21 = − = −(1)( 2) − (0)(0) = − 2 − 0 = − (2) = −2
0 2
2 0
C 22 = + = +(2)( 2) − (0)( 2) = + 4 − 0 = + (4) = 4
2 2
2 1
C 23 = − = −(2)(0) − (2)(1) = − 0 − 2 = 2
2 0
1 0
C 31 = + = +(3)(1) − (2)(0) = + 3 + 0 = 3
2 3
2 0
C 32 = − = − (2)(3) − (0)(0) = − 6 − 0 = −6
0 3
2 1
C 33 = + = (2)( 2) − (1)(0) = 4 − 0 = 4
0 2
C11 C12 C13 4 6 − 4
Cofactor matrix = C 21 C 22 C 23 = − 2 4 2 ---------------------2
C 31 C 32 C 33 3 − 6 4
4 −2 3
AdjA= Traanspose ofcofactor matrix = 6 4 − 6 --------------------3
− 4 02 4
4 −2 3
AdjA = 6 4 − 6 ---------------------4
1 1
A−1 =
A 14
− 4 2 4
Putting A-1in equation 1 ,we get
x 4 − 2 3 3
y = 1 6
14 4 − 6 4
z − 4 2 4 8
(4)(3) + (−2)( 4) + (3)(8)
1
= (6)(3) + (4)( 4) + (−6)(8)
14
(−4)(3) + (2)( 4) + (4)(8)
x 12 − 8 + 24
y = 1 18 + 16 − 48
14
z − 12 + 8 + 32
x 28 2
y = 1 − 14 = − 1
14
z 28 2
By equality of matrix ,we get
X = 2 y =-1 z =2
Q6 using matrix inversion method solve the following system of equation m
X+ 3y + 3z = 12 x + 4y + 4z = 15 x + 3y + 4z =13
soliution X+ 3y + 3z = 12
x + 4y + 4z = 15
x + 3y + 4z =13
Given system of equation can be written in matrix form
1 3 3 x 12
1 4 4 y = 15
1 3 4 z 13
AX = B
X = A−1B − − − − − − − − − −1
Where
1 3 3 x 12
A = 1 4 4 , X = y B = 15
1 3 4 z 13
1 3 3
-1
To find A A =1 4 4
1 3 4
4 4 1 4 1 4
=1 −3 +3
3 4 1 4 1 3
= 1(4)(4) − (4)(3) − 3(1)(4) − (1)(4) + 3(1)3) − (1)(4)
= 116 − 12 − 34 − 4 + 33 − 4
= 14 − 34 − 4 − 3− 1
= 4+0−3
A =1 0
A−1 exists
To find the cofactor matrix of A
4 4
C11 = + = +(4)( 4) − (4)(3) = + 16 − 12 = 4
3 \4
\1 4
C12 = − = −(1)( 4) − (1)( 4) = − 4 − 4 = − (0) = 0
1 4
1 4
C13 = + = +(1)(3) − (1)( 4) = + 3 − 4 = − 1
1 3
3 3
C 21 = − = −(3)( 4) − (3)(3) = − 12 − 9 = − (3) = −3
3 4
1 3
C 22 = + = +(1)( 4) − (1)(3) = + 4 − 3 = + (1) = 1
1 4
1 3
C 23 = − = −(1)(3) − (1)(3) = − 3 − 3 = 0
1 3
3 3
C 31 = + = +(3)( 4) − (4)(3) = + 12 − 12 = 0
4 4
1 3
C 32 = − = − (1)( 4) − (1)(3) = − 4 − 3 = −1
1 4
1 3
C 33 = + = (1)( 4) − (1)(3) = 4 − 3 = 1
1 4
C11 C12 C13 4 0 − 1
Cofactor matrix = C 21 C 22 C 23 = − 3 1 0 ---------------------2
C 31 C 32 C 33 0 − 1 1
4 −3 0
AdjA= Traanspose ofcofactor matrix = 0 1 − 1 --------------------3
− 1 0 1
4 −3 0
1
1 − 1 ---------------------4
−1 1
A = AdjA = 0
A 1
− 1 0 1
Putting A-1in equation 1 ,we get
x 4 − 3 0 12
y = 1
0 1 − 1 15
1
z − 1 0 1 13
(4)(12) + (−3)(15) + (0)(13)
1
= (0)(12) + (1)(15) + (−1)(13)
1
(−1)(12) + (0)(15) + (1)(13)
x 48 − 45 − 0
y = 1 0 + 15 − 13
1
z − 12 + 0 + 13
x 3
y = 1 2
1
z 1
By equality of matrix ,we get X = 3 y =2 z =1
Tutorial no 7
Solve problems on compound , allied , multiple and
submultiple angles
Q1 Convert degree to radian :
a) 300 = 30 x = 450 = 45 x =
180 6 180 4
600 = 60 x = 900 = 90 x =
180 3 180 2
b) convert radian to degree :
3 3 180 3 3 180
= = 270 0 = = 270 0
2 2 2 2
3 3 180 2 2 180
= = 135 0 = = 120 0
4 4 3 3
Q2 Without using calculator evaluate
a) sin150
we know that sin( A − B ) = sin A. cos B − cos A. sin B
sin150 = sin ( 450 – 300 ) = sin 450 cos300 – cos450 sin300 Where A = 45 0 and B= 300
1 3 1 1
= −
2 2 2 2
3 1
= −
2 2 2 2
3 −1
sin 150 =
2 2
b) cos 750
we know that cos( A + B ) = cos A. cos B − sin A. sin B
Cos750 = Cos( 450+300) = cos 450 cos300 – sin 450 sin300
1 3 1 1
= − Where A = 45 0 and B= 300
2 2 2 2
3 1
= −
2 2 2 2
3 −1
cos 750 =
2 2
Q3 Without using calculator , find the value of
a) Sin 1500 . + cos3000 – tan3150 +sec236600
b) cos5700 . sin5100 + sin(-3300). Cos(-3900)
solution : a) Sin 1500 . + cos3000 – tan3150 +sec236600
we can find the value of each term separately
1
Sin 1500 = sin(1x900 +600 ) = sin (1 + 60) = cos600 =
2 2
1
cos3000 = cos(4x900 - 600) = cos (4 + 60) = cos (2 + 60) = cos600 =
2 2
tan(4x900 - 450) = tan (4 − 45 ) = tan (2𝜋 - 450 )= -tan45 = - 1
0
tan3150 =
2
sec(40x900+600) = sec (40 + 60 ) = tan (20𝜋 + 60) = sec600 = 2
0
sec36600 =
2
1 1
Sin 1500 . + cos3000 – tan3150 +sec236600 = + − ( −1) + .( 2) 2
2 2
= 1 +1 + 4 = 6
Sin 1500 .+ cos3000 – tan3150 +sec236600 = 6
b) cos5700 . sin5100 + sin(-3300). Cos(-3900)
we can find the value of each term separately
3
cos5700 = cos (6 x 900+300) = - cos300 = -
2
1
sin5100 = sin(6x900-300) = sin300 =
2
1
sin(-3300) = - sin3300 = - sin (4x900-300) = - ( - sin300 ) =
2
3
Cos(-3900) = Cos(3900) = cos (4x900+300) = cos300 =
2
3 1 1 3
=−
2 2 + 1 2
cos5700 . sin5100 + sin(-3300). Cos(-3900)
3 3
= − + = 0
4 4
cos5700 . sin5100 + sin(-3300). Cos(-3900) = 0
5 1
Q4 If tan x = tan y = prove that x + y =
6 11 4
5 1
Solution : given the values of tanx and tan y as tan x = and tan y =
6 11
5 1
+ tan x + tan y
tan( x + y ) = 6 11 tan( x + y ) =
5 1 1 − tan x tan y
1 −
6 11
55 + 6 61 61
tan( x + y ) = 66 = 66 = 66 = 1
5 66 − 5 61
1−
66 66 66
tan( x + y ) = 1 = tan
4
Dropping tangent ratio on both side , we get
x+ y =
4
3 8 77
Q5 tan (x+y) = and tan(x- y) = prove that tan 2 x =
4 15 36
Solution :
3 8
Given that tan (x+y) = and tan(x- y) =
4 15
Let us take 2x = x + y + x - y take x+y = A and x-y = B
2x = (x + y) + ( x - y)
Apply tan on both side tan 2x = tan (A + B)
tan( x + y ) + tan( x − y ) tan A + tan B
tan( 2 x ) = tan( A + B ) =
1 − tan( x + y ). tan( x − y ) 1 − tan A tan B
3 8 45 + 32 77 77
+
77
tan( 2 x ) = 4 15 = 60 = 60 = 60 =
3 8 24 60 − 24 36 36
1 − 1 −
4 15 60 60 60
77
tan( 2 x ) =
36
Q6 In any triangle AB C , Prove that tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA . tanB . tanC
Solution : in ABC
A+B +C = 1800
A+B = 1800 - C
Apply tan on both side
tan A + tan B
tan( A+B ) = tan(1800 - C) tan( A + B ) =
1 − tan A tan B
tan A + tan B
= − tan C
1 − tan A tan B
tanA + tanB = - tanC ( 1 - tanA tanC )
= - tanC + tanA . tan B . tan C
tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA . tan B . tan C
tan 420 0 + tan 300 0
Q 7 prove that =0
1 − tan 420 0 tan 690 0
Solution : tan4200 = tan(4x900+600) = tan (4 + 60 0 ) = tan (2𝜋 + 60 )= tan60 = 3
2
tan3000 = tan(4x900 -60) = tan (4 − 60 ) = tan (2𝜋 − 60 )= - tan60 = - 3
0
2
tan660 0 = tan(7x900 +30 ) = tan (7 + 30 ) = - cot30 = - 3
0
2
tan 420 0 + tan 300 0 3 − 3 0
= = =0
1 − tan 420 tan 690 1 − ( 3 ) (− 3) 1 + 3
0 0
Q8 tan700 –tan500 - tan200 = tan700tan500.tan200
Solution ; we have 700=500+200 as 700 , 500 , 200 involved in the result
Apply tan on both side
tan(700) = tan(500+200)
tan 50 0 + tan 20 0 tan A + tan B
tan 70 0 = tan( A + B ) =
1 − tan 50 . tan 20
0 0
1 − tan A tan B
tan 70 0 (1 − tan 50 0. tan 20) = tan 50 0 + . tan 20
tan 70 0 − tan 70 0 tan 50 0. tan 20) = tan 50 0 + . tan 20
tan 70 0 − tan 50 0 − . tan 20 = tan 70 0 tan 50 0. tan 20
5 4
Q9 if sin A = , and cos B = − where Aand B are obtuse angles . . Find cos( A + B)
13 5
5
solution : 1) sin A = , Which is positive and A is obtuse
13
A lies in the second quadrant
To find cos A
sin2A + cos2A = 1
5
2
25 169 − 25 144
cos 2A = 1 - sin2A = 1− , = 1 − = =
13 169 169 169
12
COSA=
13
12
COSA = − ( AS A lies in the second quadrant and in the
13
Second quadrant cos is negative )
4
2) Also it is given that cos B = − , B is obtuse
5
B lies in the second quadrant
sin2B = 1 - cos2B
4
2
16 25 − 16 9
sin = 1 -
2B cos2B = 1− , = 1 − = =
5 25 25 25
3
sinB =
5
3
sinB = ( AS B lies in the Second quadrant and in the
5
Second quadrant sin is positive )
We have
cos( A + B ) = cos A. cos B − sin A. sin B
12 4 5 3
cos( A + B ) = − − −
13 5 13 5
48 15 48 − 15 33
= − = =
65 65 65 65
33
cos( A + B ) =
65
Q10 If − = then prove that (1 + tan )(1 − tan ) = 2
4
solution given that − =
4
tan( − ) = tan but tan =1
4 4
tan A − tan B
tan( − ) = tan tan( A − B ) =
4 1 + tan A tan B
tan − tan
=1
1 + tan tan
tan − tan = 1(1 + tan tan )
tan − tan = 1 + tan tan
tan − tan − tan tan = 1
Adding 1 in both side
1 + tan − tan − tan tan = 1 + 1
(1 + tan ) − tan (1 + tan ) = 2
(1 + tan )(1 − tan ) = 2
Q11 If A + B= then prove that (1 + tan A)(1 + tan B) = 2
4
solution given that A + B =
4
tan( A + B ) = tan but tan =1
4 4
tan A + tan B
tan( A + B ) = tan tan( A + B ) =
4 1 − tan A tan B
tan A + tan B
=1
1 − tan A tan B
tan A + tan B = 1(1 − tan A tan B )
tan A + tan B = 1 − tan A tan B
tan A + tan B + tan A tan B = 1
Adding 1 in both side
1 + tan A + tan B + tan A tan B = 1 + 1
(1 + tan A) + tan B (1 + tan A) = 2
(1 + tan A)(1 + tan B ) = 2
2 tan
Q12 To prove that sin 2 = 2 sin cos =
1 + tan 2
Pr oof :
sin( A + B) = sin A. cos B + cos A. sin B
put B = A =
sin( + ) = sin . cos + cos . sin
sin 2 = 2 sin cos
Q13 Pr ove that sin 3 = 3 sin − 4 sin 3
Pr oof :
sin( A + B ) = sin A. cos B + cos A.sin B
Put A = 2 , B =
sin( 2 + ) = sin 2 . cos + cos 2 .sin
sin 3 = 2 sin cos . cos + (1 − 2 sin 2 ) sin
sin 3 = 2 sin cos 2 + (1 − 2 sin 2 ) sin
sin 3 = 2 sin .(1 − sin 2 A) + sin − 2 sin 2
sin 3 = 2 sin − 2 sin 3 + sin − 2 sin 3
sin 3 = 3 sin − 4 sin 3
sin 3 = 3 sin A − 4 sin 3 A
Q14 if A= 300 verify that sin3A = 3sinA – 4 sin3A
Solution : given that A = 300
L . H . S = sin3A
= sin3x300
= sin900
= 1 --------------------------1
R. H .S = 3sin30 – 4 sin3300
0
3
1 1
= 3 − 4 =
2 2
3 1 3 4 3 1 3 −1 2
= −4 = − = − = = = 1 --------------2
2 8 2 8 2 2 2 2
From 1and 2
L.H.S =R.H.S
sin3A = 3sinA – 4 sin3A
3 tan − tan 3
Q15 A= 450 verify that tan 3 =
1 − 3 tan 2
Solution : given that A = 300
3 tan − tan 3
L.H.S = tan3θ R. H . S =
1 − 3 tan 2
= tan(3x45)
3 tan 45 − tan 3 45
= tan135) =
1 − 3 tan 2 45
= tan(1x900+45)
3(1) − (1)
3
= tan( + 45) =
1 − 3(1)
2
2
3 −1 2
= - Cot45 = = = −1 ---------------2
1− 3 − 2
= -1 ----------1
From 1and 2
L.H.S = R.H.S
3 tan − tan 3
tan 3 =
1 − 3 tan 2
Q16 if sinA = 0.4 find sin3A
SOLUTION : given that
sinA = 0.4
we have sin3A = 3sinA – 4sin3A
= 3 (0.4) - 4(0.4)3
= 1.2 - 4(0.064)
= 1.2-0.256
= 0.944
sin3A = 0.944
A
Q17 Find tanA , IF tan = 0.6
2
Solution we have by half angle formula
A
2 tan
2 tan 2 A
tan A = tan 2 A =
A 1 − tan 2 A
1 − tan 2
2
2(0.6) 1.2 1.2 15
tan A = = = =
1 − (0.6) 2
1 − 0.36 0.64 8
15
tan A =
8
sin 2
Q18 Pr ove that = tan
1 − cos 2
sin 2
solution LHS =
1 − cos 2
2 sin cos
=
2 cos 2
sin
=
cos
= tan = RHS
sin 2
= tan
1 − cos 2
sin + sin 2
Q19 Pr ove that = tan
1 + cos + cos 2
sin + sin 2
solution LHS =
1 + cos + cos 2
sin + sin 2
=
1 + cos 2 + cos
sin + 2 sin cos
=
2 cos 2 + cos
sin (1 + 2 cos )
=
cos (2 cos + 1)
sin (1 + 2 cos )
=
cos (1 + 2 cos )
sin
=
cos
= tan = RHS
sin + sin 2
= tan
1 + cos + cos 2
3 77
Q 20 Given tan( A + B) = , tan( A − B) = Find tan 2 A
4 36
3 77
Solution : tan( A + B) = , tan( A − B) =
4 36
2 A = ( A + B) + ( A − B)
Apply tan on both sides
tan( 2 A) = tan (( A + B) + ( A − B))
tan (( A + B ) + ( A − B) )
tan 2 A =
1 − tan (( A + B)( A − B) )
3 77
+
= 4 36
3 77
1−
4 36
27 + 77
= 36
144 − 231
144
104 144
=
36 − 87
− 416
tan 2 A =
87
Q21 Prove that 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 8 = 2 cos
Solution : LHS = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 8
= 2 + 2 + 2(1 + cos 8
= 2 + 2 + 2 2 cos 2 4
= 2 + 2 + 4 cos 2 4
= 2 + 2 + (2 cos 4 )2
= 2 + 2 + 2 cos 4
= 2 + 2(1 + cos 4 )
= 2 + 2 2 cos2 2
= 2 + 4 cos2 2
= 2 + (2 cos 2 ) 2
= 2 + 2 cos 2
= 2(1 + cos 2 )
= 2 2 cos 2 )
= 4 cos 2 )
2
= (2 cos )
= 2 cos = RHS
1
Q22 Prove that sin A.sin( 60 − A)(sin 60 + A) = sin 3 A
4
Solution LHS = sin A.sin( 60 − A)(sin 60 + A)
= sin A. sin( 60 − A)(sin 60 + A)
= sin A.(sin 60 cos A − cos 60 sin A)(sin 60 cos A + cos 60 sin A)
3 1 3 1
= sin A cos A − sin A cos A + sin A
2 2 2 2
3
2
3
2
= sin A cos A − cos A (a − b)( a + b) = a 2 − b 2
2 2
3 cos 2 A sin 2 A
= sin A −
4 4
3 cos 2 A − sin 2 A
= sin A
4
3(1 − sin 2 A) − sin 2 A
= sin A
4
3 − 3sin A − sin A
2 2
= sin A
4
3 − 4 sin 2 A
= sin A
4
3sin A − 4 sin A
3
= sin3A = 3sinA - 4 sin 3A
4
sin 3 A
= = RHS
4
1
sin A.sin( 60 − A)(sin 60 + A) = sin 3 A
4
cos 3 sin 3
Q12 Pr ove that + = 4 cos 2
cos sin
cos 3 sin 3
solution : LHS = +
cos sin
sin cos 3 + cos sin 3
=
cos sin
sin( + 3 )
=
cos sin
sin( 4 )
=
cos sin
2 sin 2 cos 2
=
cos sin
2 2 sin cos cos 2
=
cos sin
= 4 cos 2 = RHS
cos 3 sin 3
+ = 4 cos 2
cos sin
Tutorial NO 08
Solve problems on factorization and Defactorization formula
Q1 If 2 sin 400. cos100 = sin A + sin B Find the values of Aand B
Solution : 2 sin 40 . cos10 = sin A + sin B
0 0
sin( 400 + 100 ) + sin( 400 − 100 ) = sin A + sin B
sin( 500 ) + sin( 300 ) = sin A + sin B
By Comparing two sides we get
A = 500 and B = 300
Q2 If sin 800 + sin 500 = 2 sin . cos find the values of and
Solution :
sin 800 + sin 500 = 2 sin . cos
800 + 500 800 − 500
2 sin cos = 2 sin . cos
2 2
1300 300
2 sin cos = 2 sin . cos
2 2
( ) ( )
2 sin 650 cos 150 = 2 sin . cos
By comparing two sides we get
= 650 and = 150
sin 4 − sin 2
Q3 Prove that = tan
cos 4 + cos 2
sin 4 − sin 2
solution ; L.H .S =
cos 4 + cos 2
4 + 2 4 − 2
2 cos sin
= 2 2
4 + 2 4 − 2
2 cos cos
2 2
6 2 6 2
2 cos sin 2 cos sin
= 2 2 = 2 2
6 2 6 2
2 cos cos 2 cos cos
2 2 2 2
2 cos(3 )sin ( )
=
2 cos(3 )cos( )
sin ( )
=
cos( )
= tan = RHS
sin 4 − sin 2
= tan
cos 4 + cos 2
sin 7 x + sin x
Q 4 Pr ove that = sin 2 x − cos 2 x. cot x
cos 5 x − cos 3x
sin 7 x + sin x
solution LHS =
cos 5 x − cos 3 x
7x + x 7x − x
2 sin cos
= 2 2
5 x + 3x 5 x − 3x
− 2 sin sin
2 2
8x 6 x
2 sin cos
= 2 2
8x 2 x
− 2 sin sin
2 2
2 sin (4 x )cos(3x )
=
− 2 sin (4 x )sin (x )
cos(3x )
=
− sin (x )
cos(2 x + x )
= −
sin (x )
cos 2 x. cos x − sin 2 x.sin x
= −
sin (x )
cos 2 x. cos x sin 2 x.sin x
= − −
sin x sin x
cos 2 x cos x sin x
= − − sin 2 x
sin x sin x
= − cos 2x.cot x − sin 2x
= sin 2 x − cos 2 x. cot 2 x
sin 7 x + sin x
= sin 2 x − cos 2 x. cot x
cos 5 x − cos 3 x
sin 4 A + sin 5 A + sin 6 A
Q5 Pr ove that = tan 5 A
cos 4 A + cos 5 A + cos 6 A
sin 4 A + sin 5 A + sin 6 A
Solution LHS =
cos 4 A + cos 5 A + cos 6 A
sin 4 A + sin 6 A + sin 5 A
=
cos 4 A + cos 6 A + cos 5 A
4A + 6A 4A − 6A
2 sin cos + sin 5 A
= 2 2
4A + 6A 4A − 6A
2 cos cos + cos 5 A
2 2
10 A − 2 A
2 sin cos + sin 5 A
= 2 2
10 A − 2 A
2 cos cos + cos 5 A
2 2
2 sin (5 A)cos(− A) + sin 5 A
=
2 cos(5 A)cos(− A) + cos 5 A
sin 5 A(2 cos A + 1)
=
cos 5 A(2 cos A + 1)
sin 5 A
=
cos 5 A
= tan 5 A = RHS
sin 4 A + sin 5 A + sin 6 A
= tan 5 A
cos 4 A + cos 5 A + cos 6 A
sin A + sin 2 A + sin 3 A + sin 4 A 5A
Q6 Pr ove that = tan
cos A + cos 2 A + cos 3 A + cos 5 A 2
sin A + sin 2 A + sin 3 A + sin 4 A
Solution LHS =
cos A + cos 2 A + cos 3 A + cos 5 A
sin A + sin 4 A + sin 2 A + sin 3 A
=
cos A + cos 4 A + cos 2 A + cos 3 A
A + 4A A − 4A 2 A + 3A 2 A − 3A
2 sin cos + 2 sin cos
= 2 2 2 2
A + 4A A − 4A 2 A + 3A 2 A − 3A
2 cos cos + 2 cos cos
2 2 2 2
5 A − 3A 5A − A
2 sin cos + 2 sin cos
= 2 2 2 2
5 A − 3A 5A − A
2 cos cos + 2 cos cos
2 2 2 2
5 A 3 A A
2 sin cos + cos
2 2 2
=
5 A 3 A A
2 cos cos + cos
2 2 2
5A
2 sin
= 2
5A
2 cos
2
5A
sin
= 2 = tan 5 A
5A 2
cos
2
sin A + sin 2 A + sin 3 A + sin 4 A 5A
= tan
cos A + cos 2 A + cos 3 A + cos 5 A 2
3
Q7 Without u sin g calculator prove that sin 200. sin 400.sin 600 , sin 800 =
16
Solution : LHS = sin 200.sin 400.sin 600 , sin 800
3
= sin 200. sin 400. , sin 800
2
3
= sin 200. sin 400. sin 800
2
=
3 1
2 sin 200. sin 400 sin 800
2 2
=
4
3
cos( 200 − 400 ) − cos( 200 + 400 ) sin 800
=
4
3
cos( −200 ) − cos(600 ) sin 800
=
4
3
cos( 200 ) − cos(600 ) sin 800
=
4
3
cos( 200 ) sin 800 − cos(600 ) sin 800
3 1
= cos( 200 ) sin 800 − sin 800
4 2
3 1 1
= 2 cos( 200 ) sin 800 −2 sin 800
4 2 2
=
8
3
2 cos( 200 ) sin 800 − sin 800
=
8
3
sin( 200 + 800 ) − sin( 200 − 800 ) − sin 800
=
8
3
sin( 1000 ) − sin( −600 ) − sin 800
=
8
3
sin( 1000 ) + sin( 600 ) − sin 800
=
8
3
sin( 2 900 − 800 ) + sin( 600 ) − sin 800
=
8
3
0
sin 80 + sin( 600 ) − sin 800
3 3
=
8
3
sin( 600 ) =
) =
8 2 16
3
= RHS
3
sin 200. sin 400. sin 600 , sin 800 =
16
cos11 + sin 11
0 0
Q8 Prove that = tan 560
cos11 + sin 11
0 0
cos110 + sin 110
solution : LHS =
cos110 − sin 110
sin 790 + sin 110
=
sin 790 − sin 110
790 + 110 790 − 110
2 sin cos
= 2 2
790 + 110 790 − 110
2 cos sin
2 2
900 680
2 sin
2 cos 2
=
900 680
2 cos 2 sin
2
=
( ) ( )
2 sin 450 cos 34 0
( ) ( )
2 cos 450 sin 34 0
= tan 450 cot 340
= 1 cot 340 = 1 cot(900 − 56)
= tan 56 = RHS
cos110 + sin 110
= tan 560
cos11 + sin 11
0 0
Tutorial no 09
Solve problems on inverse trigonometric function
Q1
Find the principal value of
1
a) sin −1 −
2
1 1
solution : sin −1 − = sin = −
2 2
sin is negative in third and fourth quadrant problem
1
sin = −
2
1
− sin =
2
1
cos(90 0 − ) =
2
1
cos( +) = = cos
2 2 4
cos( + ) = cos
2 4
+ = cos −1 cos
2 4
+ =
2 4
= −
4 2
− 2 −
= =
4 4
b) Find the principal value of cot −1 − 3 ( )
Solution : (
let cot −1 − 3 = )
cot = − ( 3 )
− cot = 3
tan( + ) = tan
2 3
+ = tan −1 tan
2 3
+ =
2 3
= −
3 2
2 − 3 −
= = = − 30 0
6 6
1
c) Find the principal value of cos − sin −1
2 2
1
solution : cos − sin −1
2 2
1
= cos − sin −1 =
2 6 2 6
3 − 2 1
= cos = cos = cos =
6 6 3 2
1 1
principal value of cos − sin −1 =
2 2 2
3 8 77
Q 2 Pr ove that sin −1 + sin −1 = sin −1
5 17 85
3 3
solution sin −1 = 1 sin 1 =
5 5 --------------1
We know that sin21+ cos21= 1
cos21= 1 - sin21
2
3 9 25 − 9 16
cos 2 1 = 1 − = 1 − = =
5 25 25 25
16
cos 1 =
2
25
4
cos 1 = ……………………….2
5
8 8
simillarly sin −1 = 2 sin 2 =
17 17 --------------3
We know that sin22+ cos2 2 = 1
cos22= 1 - sin22
2
8 64 289 − 64 225
cos 2 = 1 − = 1 −
2
= =
17 289 289 289
225
cos 2 =
2
289
15
cos 2 = ……………………….4
17
We know that sin(1+2) = sin1cos2 + cos1 sin2
3 15 4 8
= +
5 17 5 17
45 32 45 + 32 77
= + = =
85 85 85 85
77
sin( 1 + 2 ) =
85
−1 77
1 + 2 = sin ( )
85
−1 3 8 77
sin + sin −1 = sin −1
5 17 85
4 12 33
Q3 Pr ove that cos −1 + cos −1 = cos −1
5 13 65
4 4
solution cos −1 = 1 cos 1 =
5 5 --------------1
We know that sin2 1+ cos2 1= 1
sin21= 1 - cos21
2
4 16 25 − 16 9
sin 2 1 = 1 − = 1 − = =
5 25 25 25
9
sin 1 =
2
25
3
sin 1 = ……………………….2
5
12 12
simillarly cos −1 = 2 cos 2 =
13 13 --------------3
We know that sin22+ cos2 2 = 1
sin22= 1 - cos22
2
12 144 169 − 144 25
sin 2 2 = 1 − = 1 − = =
13 169 169 169
25
sin 2 =
2
169
5
sin 2 = ……………………….4
13
We know that cos(1+2) = cos1cos2-sin1 sin2
4 12 3 5
= −
5 13 5 13
48 15 48 − 15 33
= − = =
65 65 65 65
33
cos(1 + 2 ) =
65
−1 33
1 + 2 = cos ( )
65
4 12 33
cos −1 + cos −1 = cos −1
5 13 65
1 2 1
Q 4 Pr ove that tan −1 + tan −1 = tan −1
4 9 2
1 2 1 2
solution = tan −1 + tan −1
LH .S , x= > 0 . , y= > 0
4 9 4 9
1 2 2 1
And xy = = = <1
4 9 36 18
x+ y
LH .S = tan −1
1 − x. y
1 2
+
−1 4 9
= tan
1 2
1 − .
4 9
9+8
= tan −1 36
2
1 − .
36
9+8
= tan −1 36
36 − 2
.
36
17
−1 36
= tan
34
.
36
17
= tan −1
34
1
= tan −1
2
1 2 1
tan −1 + tan −1 = tan −1 = R.H .S
4 9 2
1 1 9
Q5 Pr ove that tan −1 + tan −1 = cot −1
7 13 2
1 1 1 1
solution LH .S = tan −1 + tan −1 , x= > 0 . , y= > 0
7 13 7 13
1 1 1
And xy = = <1
7 13 91
x+ y
LH .S = tan −1
1 − x. y
1 1
+
−1 7 13
= tan
1 1
1 − .
7 13
13 + 7
−1 91
= tan
1
1 − .
91
13 + 7
= tan −1 91
91 − 1
.
91
20
= tan −1 91
90
.
91
20
= tan −1
90
2 9
= tan −1 = cot −1
9 2
1 1 9
tan −1 + tan −1 = cot −1 R . H .S
7 13 2
5 3 27
Q6 Pr ove that sec −1 + tan −1 = tan −1
4 5 11
5 5 25
solution Let sec −1 = sec = sec 2 =
4 4 16
We know that 1+tan2 = sec2
tan2 = sec2 -1
25 25 − 16 9
tan 2 = −1 = =
16 16 16
9
tan 2 =
16
3
tan =
4
3
= tan −1
4
5 3
we must write sec −1 = tan −1
4 4
3 3 3 3
L.H .S = tan −1 + tan −1 , x= > 0 . , y= > 0
4 5 4 5
x+ y 3 3 9
LH .S = tan −1 And xy = = <1
1 − x. y 4 5 20
3 3
+
−1 4 5
= tan
3 3
1 − .
4 5
15 + 12
= tan −1 20
9
1− .
20
15 + 12
−1 20
= tan
20 − 9
.
20
27
= tan −1 20
11
.
20
27
= tan −1
11
−1 5 −1 3 −1 27
sec + tan = tan = R.H .S
4 5 11
Q7 Pr ove that tan −1 (1) + tan −1 (2) + tan −1 (3) =
solution L H . .S = tan −1 (1) + tan −1 (2) + tan −1 (3)
Where X =1 > 0 , y = 2 >0
Xy = 1.2= 2> 1
−1 x+ y
tan-1x + tan-1y = π + tan
1 − x. y
L .H .S = tan −1 (1) + tan −1 (2 ) + 89
tan −1 (3)
= tan −1 (1) + tan −1 (2) + tan −1 (3)
1+ 2
+ tan −1 + tan (3)
−1
=
1 − 1 2
3
= + tan −1 + tan −1 (3)
−1
= − tan −1 (3) + tan −1 (3) tan( − ) = − tan
= Π = R .H . S
tan (1) + tan
−1 −1
(2) + tan −1 (3) =
Q8 Pr ove that tan −1 x + tan −1 y + tan −1 z = then prove that x + y + z = x. y.z
Solution : let tan-1x = 1 tan1 = x
tan-1y =2 tan2 =y
tan-1z=3 tan3=z
tan −1 x + tan −1 y + tan −1 z = becomes
1 + 2 +3= π
1 + 2 = π-3
apply tan on both sides , we get
tan(1 + 2)= tan( π - 3)
tan 1 + tan 2
= − tan 3
1 − tan 1. tan 2
x+ y
= −z
1 − x. y.
X + y = - z ( 1 - xy )
X +y= -z + x.y.z
X + y + z = x .y .z
3 3 8
Q09 Pr ove that t an −1 + tan −1 − tan −1 =
4 5 19 4
3 3 8
SOLUTION − L.H .S = t an −1 + tan −1 − tan −1
4 5 19
3 3
+
= −1 4 5 − tan −1 8
tan
3 3 19
1 − 4 5
15 + 12
8
= tan −1 20 − tan −1
1− 9 19
20
27
8
= tan −1 20 − tan −1
11 19
20
27 8
= tan −1 − tan −1
11 19
27 8
−
= tan −1 11 19
27 8
1 + 11 19
27 8
−
−1 11 19
= tan
27 8
1 + 11 19
513 − 88
= tan −1 209
1 + 216
209
425
= tan −1 209
209 + 216
209
425
= tan −1 209
425
209
= tan −1 (1) =
4
3 3 8
t an −1 + tan −1 − tan −1 =
4 5 19 4
Tutorial no10
Solve problems on different forms of straight line
Q1 show that the lines 2x+3y +7 = 0 and 2x + 3y + 12 =0 are parallel to each other .
Solution Given equation of line L1 = 2x+3y +7 = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 2 , b= 3 , c = 7
a 2 3
slope of line L1 = m1 = − =− = −
b 3 2 ---------------1
Also L2 = 2x + 3y + 12 = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 2 , b= 3 , c = 12
a 2 3
slope of line L2 = m2 = − =− = −
b 3 2 ---------------2
from 1 and 2 m 1 = m2
That is slopes of two lines are equal , therefore two lines are parallel to each other
Q2 show that the lines 2x + 3y -1 =0 and 3x – 2y +6 are perpendicular to each other to
each other .
Solution Given equation of line L1 = 2x + 3y - 1 = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 2 , b= 3 , c = -1
a 2 2
slope of line L1 = m1 = − =− = −
b 3 3 ---------------1
Also L2 = 3x - 2y + 6 = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 3 , b= -2 , c = 6
a 3 3
slope of line L2 = m2 = − =− =
b −2 2 ---------------2
from 1 and 2 m 1 = m2
2 3
we observe that , m1 . m2 = − . = −1
3 2
Two lines are perpendicular to each other if product of their slopes is equal to -1
given lines are perpendicular to each other .
Q3 Find p , If the lines 3x + 4p y + 8 = 0 and 3py - 9x = 10 are perpendicular to
each other.
Solution : Given equation of line L1 = 3x + 4py +8 = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 3 , b= 4p , c = 8
a 3
slope of line L1 = m1 = − = −
b 4p ---------------1
Also L2 = - 9x + 3py - 10 = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = -9 , b= 3p , c = 10
a −9 9
slope of line L2 = m2 = − =− =
b 3p 3p ---------------2
it is given that two lines are perpendicular to each other
m1 . m2 = - 1
3 9
− . = −1
4 p 3p
1 9
. = 1
4p p
9
=1 4 p2 = 9
4p2
9
p2 =
4
3
p =
2
Q4 find the equation of line passing through ( 3,-2) and having slope 2
Solution : Given point (x1,y1 ) = (3,-2)
Slope of line is M = 2
We know equation of line in slope point form
y- y1 = m (x - x1 )
y- (-2) = 2 (x -3 )
y + 2 = 2x - 6
0 = 2x-y – 6-2
2x - y - 8 = 0
Q5 find the equation of line passing through ( 1,2) and making an angle 45 0 with
positive direction of x axis
Solution : Given point (x1,y1 ) = (1,2)
Line makes angle with + x axis
Slope of line is M = tna = 450 = 1
We know equation of line in slope point form
y- y1 = m (x - x1 )
y- (2) = 1 (x -1 )
y - 2 = x-1
x - y - 1 +2= 0
x - y + 1= 0
Q6 find the equation of line passing through ( 2,-3 ) and (-4, 6)
Solution
: Given point A (x1,y1 ) = (2,-3)
B (X2,Y2 ) = (-4, 6)
y − y1 x − x1
=
y1 − y2 x1 − x2
y − (−3) x−2
=
− 3 − (6) 21 − (−4)
y+3 x−2
=
−9 6
6( y + 3) = −9( x − 2)
6 y + 18 = −9 x + 18
9 x + 6 y = 18 − 18
9x + 6 y = 0
3x + 2 y = 0
Q7 Find the equation of line passing through (1,6) and parallel to the line x + 6y +1+0
Solution : Given point (x1,y1 ) = (1,6)
Given equation of line x +6y + 1 =0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 1 , b= 6 , c = 1
a 1
slope of line = m1 = − =−
b 6
We know equation of line in slope point form
y- y1 = m (x - x1 )
1
y- 6 = − (x -1 )
6
6( y- 6) = -1(x -1 )
6y - 36 = - x + 1
X+ 6y = 37
Q8 Find the equation of line passing through (4,5) and perpendicular
to the line 7x - 5y = 420
Solution : Given point (x1,y1 ) = (4,5)
Given equation of line 7x - 5y = 420
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 7 , b= -5 , c = 420
a 7 7
slope of given line = m1 = − =− =
b −5 5
but the line is perpendicular to required line
−1 − 5
slope of required line = m2 = =
7 7
5
We know equation of line in slope point form
y- y1 = m2 (x - x1 )
−5
y- 5 = (x -4)
7
7( y- 5) = -5(x -4 )
7y – 35 = -5x + 20
5x+7y = 20+35
5x + 7y = 5
Q9 Find the equation of line passing through (5,6 ) and making equal intercept
co-ordinate axis
Solution : Given point (x1,y1 ) = (5,6)
We know that equation of line in intercept form
x y
+ =1
a b
Line makes equal intercept on coordinate axis ,that is a = b or b=a
x y
+ =1
a a
x + y = a − − − − − − − − −1
But line passing through (5,6 )
Put x = 5 and y = 6 we get
5+6 = a
a = 11
Put the value of a=11 in equation 1 , we get
x + y = 11
Q10 Find the equation of the line (2, 5 ) and point of intersection of
x + y = 0 and 2x - y = 9
solution:
Given equation of line L1 = x + y =0 -------1
L2 = 2x - y = 9 -----2
Let P(2, 5 ) be any point outside the lines
L1= x + y =0
P(2 , 5)
A(3, -3 ) Required line = L
L2 = 2x - y = 9
Step -I
To find the point of intersection of two line , solving two equation of line simultaneously,
solving equation 1 and 2
Adding equation 1and 2
x + y =0
2x - y = 9
3x + 0y = 9
3x = 9
9
x= =3
3
Put value of x = 3 in equation 1 , we get
3 +y = 0
y = -3
point of intersection of two line is A( 3 , -3 )
Required line passing through the point of intersection of two line and also passing
through the point P( 2, 3)
step-II
We know that , Equation of line passing through the two point p(x 1, y1 )
and A(x2 , y2) is given by
y − y1 x − x1
= p(x1, y1 ) = (2, 5 ) , x1 = 2 and y1 = 5
y1 − y 2 x1 − x 2
y −5 x−2
=
5 − ( −3) 2−3
A(x2 y2) = (3 , -3 ) , x2 = 3 and y2 = -3
y −5 x−2
=
8 −1
− 1( y − 5) = 8( x − 2)
- y + 5 = 8x -16
8x +y -16 -5 = 0
8x + y -21 = 0 ----------- required equation of line
Q11 Find the equation of the line joining the point p( 2 , - 3 ) with the point of
intersection 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 and 6x+ 5y + 6 = 0
solution: Given equation of line L1 = 4x + 3y + 2 = 0 -------1
L2 = 6x+ 5y + 6 = 0 -----2
Let P(2, -3 ) be any point outside the lines
L1= 4x + 3y + 2 = 0
P( 2 ,-3 )
A( 4 , -6 ) Required line =
L
L2 = 6x+ 5y + 6 = 0
Step – I
To find the point of intersection of two line , solving two equation of line simultaneously,
solving equation 1 and 2
Performing 6 x eqn 1 – 4 x eqn 2
24x+ 18y = -12
24x+ 20y = -24
- - +
0x -2y = 12
-2y = 12
12
y= = −6
−2
Put y = -6 in equation 1 we get
4x + 3(-6) + 2 = 0
4x-18 +2 =0
4x -16 =0
16
x= =4
4
Point of intersection of two line is A( 4, -6 )
Required line passing through the point of intersection of two line and also passing
through the point P( 2,- 3)
step - II We know that , Equation of line passing through the two point p(x 1, y1 )
and A(x2 , y2) is given by
y − y1 x − x1
= p(x1, y1 ) = (2, -3 ) , x1 = 2 and y1 =-3
y1 − y 2 x1 − x 2
y − ( −3) x−2
=
− 3 − ( −6) 2−4
A(x2 y2) = (4 , -6 ) , x2 = 4 and y2 = -6
y+3 x−2
=
3 −2
− 2( y + 3) = 3( x − 2)
- 2y - 6 = 3x -6
3x+2y -6 +6 = 0
3x + 2y = 0 ----------- required equation of line
Q12 Find the equation of line passing through the intersection
of line x - 2y - 5 = 0 and x + 3y =10 and parallel to the line 3x + 4y = 0
solution : -
Given - Equation of line L1 = x - 2y = 5 -------1
L2 = x + 3y = 10 -----2
L3 = 3x+4y=0
L2 = x + 3y =10
A( 7,1 )
L L1 = x - 2y = 5 L3 = 3x+4y=0
Step-I To find point of intersection
To find the point of intersection solving equation 1 and 2
Eqn 1 – Eqn 2
x - 2y = 5
x + 3y = 10
- - -
0X -5y = -5
-5y = -5
−5
y= =1
5
Put y= 1 in equation 1
x- 2(1) =5
x = 5+2 = 7
x=7
point of intersection is A ( 7 , 1 )
Step –II To find slope of the given line L3 = 3x+4y =0
Comparing with ax +by + c = 0
a= 3 , b = 4 c = 0
a 3
slope of line L3 = m = − =−
b 4
Step -III - To find slop of required line L
Required line is parallel to the given line L3 = 3x + 4y = 0.
We know that the lines are parallel if slops are equal .
Therefore slope of required line is same as slope of the given line .
3
slop of required line m = −
4
Step-IV - To find equation of required line
Equation of line passing through point A(x1, y1 ) and having slop m
3
Is given by y – y 1 = m ( x - x1 ) where x1 = 7 and y1 = 1 , m =−
4
3
y − 1 = − ( x − 7)
4
4 ( y – 1 ) = -3 ( x – 7 )
4y - 4 = -3x+21
3x + 4y = 25
Q13 Find the equation of line passing through the intersection of line 2x + y + 6 = 0 and
3x + 5y - 15 = 0 and parallel to the line 5x + 6y +3 = 0
solution : -
Given - Equation of line L1 = 2x + y + 6 = 0 -------1
L2 = 3x + 5y - 15 = 0 -----2
L3 = 5x + 6y +3 = 0
L1 = 2x + y +6 = 0
− 45 48
A ,
7 7
L2 = 3x + 5y - 15 = 0 L L 3 = 5x + 6y +3 = 0
Step-I To find point of intersection
To find the point of intersection , solving equation 1 and 2
5 Eqn 1 – Eqn 2
10x+ 5y = -30
3x + 5y = 15
- - -
7X -0y = -45
7x = - 45
− 45
x=
7
− 45
Put x= in equation 1
7
− 45
2( ) + y = − 6 =5
7
− 90 90
+ y =−6 y =−6+
7 7
− 42 + 90 48
y= =
7 7
− 45 48
point of intersection is A ,
7 7
Step –II To find slope of the given line L3 = 5x + 6y +3 = 0
Comparing with ax +by + c = 0
a= 5, b = 6 c = 3
a 5
slope of line L3 = m = − =−
b 6
Step -III - To find slop of required line L
Required line is parallel to the given line L3 = 3x + 4y = 0.
We know that the lines are parallel if slops are equal .
Therefore slope of required line is same as slope of the given line .
5
slop of required line m = −
6
Step-IV - To find equation of required line
Equation of line passing through point A(x1, y1 ) and having slop m
Is given by y – y 1 = m ( x - x1 ) where x1 = − 45 and y = 48 , m
1
7 7
5
=−
6
48 5 − 45
y− = − (x − ( ))
7 6 7
7 y − 48 5 7 x + 45
=− ( ))
7 6 7
6(7 y − 48) = −5(7 x + 45)
42 y − 288 = −35 x − 225
35 x + 42 y = −225 + 288
35 x + 42 y = 63
Dividing by 7 both side
5x + 6 y = 9
Q14 Find the equation of line passing through the intersection of line 2x +3 y = 13 and
5x -y - 7 = 0 and perpendicular to the line 3x – 2y + 7 = 0
solution : -
Given - Equation of line L1 = 2x +3 y = 13 -------1
L2 = 5x -y - 7 = 0 -----2
L3 = 3x – 2y + 7 = 0
L1 = 2x + 3y -13 = 0
A( 2 , 3 )
L2 = 5x -y - 7 = 0 L
L3 = 3x – 2y + 7 = 0
Step-I To find point of intersection
To find the point of intersection , solving equation 1 and 2
Eqn 1 + 3 Eqn 2
2x + 3 y = 13
15x - 3 y = 21
17X -0y = 34
17x = 34
34
x= ,x = 2
17
Put x = 2 in equation 1
2(2) +3y = 13
4 +3y = 13
3y = 13 -4
3y = 9
9
y= =3
3
Point of intersection is A( 2 , 3 )
Step –II To find slope of the given line L3 = 3x – 2y + 7 = 0
Comparing with ax +by + c = 0
a = 3 , b =-2 c=7
a 3 3
slope of line L3 = m1 = − =− =
b −2 2
Step -III - To find slop of required line L
Required line is perpendicular to the given line L3 = 3x – 2y + 7 = 0 .
We know that the lines are perpendicular if and only if m 1 . m2 = -1
3
.m2 = = −1
2
2
Slope of the required line m2 = = −
3
Step-IV - To find equation of required line
Equation of line passing through point A(x1, y1 ) and having slop m
2
Is given by y – y1 = m ( x - x1 ) where x1 = 2 and y1 = 3, m = −
3
2
y − 3= − ( x − 2)
3
3( y − 3) = −2( x − 2)
3y -9 = - 2x +4
2x - 3y = 4+9
2x+3y =13
Q15 Find the equation of line passing through the intersection of line 2x +3 y = 13 and
5x -y - 7 = 0 and perpendicular to the line 3x – 2y + 7 = 0
solution : -
Given - Equation of line L1 = 2x + y = 10 -------1
L2 = 2x - y = 14 -----2
L3 = 3x – y + 6 = 0
L1 = 2x + y = 10
A( 6, -2 )
L2 = 2x - y = 14 L
L3 = 3x – y + 6 = 0
Step-I To find point of intersection
To find the point of intersection , solving equation 1 and 2
Eqn 1 + 3 Eqn 2
2x + y = 10
2x - y = 14
4X -0y = 24
4x = 24
24
x= ,x = 6
4
Put x = 6 in equation 1
2(6) +y = 10
12 +y = 10
y = 10 -12
y = -2 y = −2
Point of intersection is A( 6 , -2 )
Step –II To find slope of the given line L3 = 3x – y + 6 = 0
Comparing with ax +by + c = 0
a = 3 , b =-1 c=6
a 3
slope of line L3 = m1 = − =− =3
b −1
Step -III - To find slop of required line L
Required line is perpendicular to the given line L3 = 3x – y + 6 = 0 .
We know that the lines are perpendicular if and only if m 1 . m2 = -1
3. m2 = = −1
1
Slope of the required line m2 = = −
3
Step-IV - To find equation of required line
Equation of line passing through point A(x1, y1 ) and having slop m
Is given by y – y1 = m ( x - x1 ) where x1 = 6 and y1 =-2 m = − 1
3
1
y − ( −2 ) = − ( x − 6)
3
3( y + 2) = −1( x − 6)
3y + 6 = -x + 6
x + 3y = 6 - 6
Tutorial no 11
Examples to find angle between line , perpendicular distance between point and line and
distance between two parallel lines
Q1 Find the angle between the lines 3x-2y+4 =0 and 2x - 3y - 7 = 0
Solution ; -
Given equation of line L 1 = 3x - 2y + 4 =0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 3 , b= - 2 , c = 4
a 3 3
slope of line L1 = m1 = − =− =
b −2 2
also given equation of line L 2 = 2x - 3y - 7= 0
Comparing with ax + by + c= 0
a = 2 , b= - 3 , c = -7
a 2 2
slope of line L2 = m2 = − =− =
b −3 3
If θ is the angle between the two line , then
m1 − m2
tan =
1 + m1 .m2
3 2
_
tan = 2 3
3 2
1+ .
2 3
5
5
= 6 =
2 12
5
tan =
12
= tan −1
5
12
Q2 Find the angle between the lines y= 5x +6 and y = x
Solution ; -
Given equation of line L 1 = y= 5x +6 = 5x - y + 6 = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 5 , b= - 1 , c = 6
a 5
slope of line L1 = m1 = − =− = 5
b −1
also given equation of line L 2 = y = x = 0 = x - y = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 1 , b= -1 , c = 0
a 1
slope of line L2 = m2 = − =− = 1
b −1
If θ is the angle between the two line , then
m1 − m2
tan =
1 + m1 .m2
5 −1
tan =
1 + 1.5
4 2
= =
6 3
2
=
3
2
tan =
3
= tan −1
2
3
Q3 Find the angle between the lines 3x-4y = 420 and 4x +3y = 420
Solution ; -
Given equation of line L 1 = 3x-4y -420
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 3 , b= - 4 , c = - 420
a 3 3
slope of line L1 = m1 = − =− =
b −4 4
also given equation of line L 2 = 4x+ 3y - 420 =0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 4 , b= 3 , c = 420
a 4 4
slope of line L2 = m2 = − =− = −
b 3 3
If θ is the angle between the two line , then
m1 − m2
tan =
1 + m1 .m2
3 4
_ −
4 3
tan =
3 4
1 + −
4 3
3 4
+
= 4 3
3 4
1 −
4 3
9 + 16
= 12
0
25
a
= 12 = where a R
0 0
=
tan =
= tan −1 ( )
= OR = 900
2
Q4 Find the distance between the line 3x - 4y - 20 = 0 from origin
Solution : -
Given point P(x1, y1) = ( 0 ,0 ) = origin x1 = 0
and y1= 0
Given equation of line 3x - 4y - 20 = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 3 , b = - 4 , c= -20
We know that perpendicular distance between point and line is
ax1 + by1 + c
PM =
a 2 + b2 P(x1 , y1 ) = ( 0 , 0
)
(3)( 0) + ( −4)( 0) + ( −20)
=
(3) 2 + ( −4) 2
0 + 0 − 20
= x - 4y - 20 = 0
9 + 16 + M
− 20 20
= = = 4units
25 5
Q5 Find the distance between the point (3, -2 ) and the line 4x - 6y - 5 = 0
Solution : -
Given point P(x1, y1) = ( 3 ,-2 ) x1 = 3
and y1 = - 2
Given equation of line 4x - 6y - 5 = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 4 , b = - 6 , c= - 5
We know that perpendicular distance between point and line is
ax1 + by1 + c
PM =
a 2 + b2
(4)( 3) + ( −6)( −2) + ( −5)
=
(4) 2 + ( −6) 2
12 + 12 − 5
=
16 + 36
19 19
= = units
52 52
Q6 Find the length of perpendicular from (-3 , -4 ) on the line
4(x+2)= 3(y - 4)
Solution : -
Given point P(x1, y1) = ( -3, -4 ) x1 = -3
and y1 = -4
Given equation of line 4(x+2)= 3(y - 4)
4x+8 = 3y -12
4x-3y +8+12
4x-3y+20 = 0
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0
a = 4 , b = -3 , c = 20
We know that perpendicular distance between point and line is
ax1 + by1 + c
PM =
a 2 + b2
(4)( −3) + ( −3)( −4) + (20)
=
(4) 2 + ( −3) 2
− 12 + 12 + 20
=
16 + 9
20 20
= PM = = 4 units
25 5
Q7 Find the distance between two parallel lines 3x- y +7 = 0 and 3x - y + 16 = 0
Solution :
Given equation of line L1 3x-y +7 = 0
Comparing with ax +by + c = 0 , we get
a = 3 , b = -1 and c = 7 (Two lines are parallel if the coefficient
also line L2 = 3x-y +16 =0 of x and y are equal ,only constant
1
Comparing with ax +by + c = 0 , we get is different )
1
a = 3 , b = -1 and c = 16
we know that the distance between two parallel line is
c − c1
PM =
a 2 + b2
7 − 16
=
(3) 2 + ( −1) 2
−9
=
9 +1
−9 9
= = units
10 10
Q8 Find the distance between two parallel lines 5x- 2 6 y +1 = 0 and
5x- 2 6 y - 10 =0 = 0
Solution : Given equation of line L1 = 5x- 2 6 y +1 = 0
Comparing with ax +by + c = 0 , we get
a = 5 , b = - 2 6 and c = 1 (Two lines are parallel if the coefficient
also line L2 = 5x- 2 6 y - 10 =0 of x and y are equal ,only constant
1
Comparing with ax +by + c = 0 , we get is different )
a= 5,b =-2 6 and c1 = - 10
we know that the distance between two parallel line is
c − c1
PM =
a 2 + b2
1 − ( −10)
=
(5) + ( 2 6 ) 2
11
=
25 + 24
11 11
= = units
49 7
Q9 Find the distance between two parallel lines 5x-12y +1 = 0 and 10x-24y -1 = 0
Solution :
Given equation of line L1 = = 5x-12y +1 = 0
Multiply both side by 2, we get
10 x -24 y +2 = 0
Comparing with ax +by + c = 0 , we get
a = 10 , b = -24 and c = 2 (Two lines are parallel if the coefficient
also line L2 = 10x-24y -1 = 0 of x and y are equal ,only constant
Comparing with ax + by + c1 = 0 , we get is different
1
a = 10 , b = -24 and c = -1
we know that the distance between two parallel line is
c − c1
PM =
a 2 + b2
( 2) − ( −1)
=
(10) 2 + ( −24) 2
3
=
100 + 576
3 3
= = units
676 26
Q 10 Find the distance between two parallel lines 3x+4y +5 = 0 and 6x+8y = 25
Solution:
Given equation of line L1 = 3x+4y +5 = 0
Multiply both side by 2, we get
6x+8y +10 = 0
Comparing with ax +by + c = 0 , we get
a = 6 , b = 8 and c = 10 (Two lines are parallel if the coefficient
also line L2 = 6x+8y -25 =0 of x and y are equal ,only constant
1
Comparing with ax + by + c = 0 , we get is different )
a = 6, b = 8 and c1 = -25
we know that the distance between two parallel line is
c − c1
PM =
a 2 + b2
(10) − ( −25)
=
(6) 2 + (8) 2
35
=
36 + 64
35 35
= =
100 10
7
PM = units
2
Tutorial no 12
Solve examples to find area of different types of closed figures
Q1 If the diagonal of Rhombus is 16cm and 12 cm Find its Area
Solution ; Here Diagonals d1=16cm and d2=12cm
1
Area of r hom bus = d1 d 2
2
1
= 16 12
2
= 96 sq.cm
Area of r hom bus = 96 sq.cm
Q2 The diameter of a wheel is 28cm It rolls through a distance of 22meter. How many revolution
will it make
Solution : Diameter of wheel , D= 28cm
D 28
Radius of wheel = = = 14cm
2 2
Here distance travelled in one revolution = circumference of the wheel = 2πr
22
= 2
14 = 88cm
7
Dis tan ce through which it rolles
Number of revolution =
circunference of wheel
22m 22 100cm
= = = 25
88cm 88cm
Number of revolution that wheel make = 25
Q3 The perimeter of a rhombus is 200cm . and one of its diagonal is 60cm . find the other diagonal
of rhombus
Solution : let a= be the sides of rhombus
we know that the perimeter of rhombus = 4 x side of rhombus
given that perimeter of rhombus = 200cm and one of diagonal = 60cm
perimeter 200
side of r hom bus = a = = = 50
4 4
We know that relation of side of rhombus and its diagonals
d1 + d 2
2 2
a=
2
60 2 + d 2
2
50 =
2
100 = 3600 + d 2
2
Squring both sides
10000 = 3600 + d 2
2
d 2 = 10000 − 3600
2
d 2 = 6400
2
d 2 = 80
The length og other diagonal is = 80 cm
Q4 The area of field trapezium shape is 480 m2 . The distance between two parallel side is 15
and one of parallel side is 20m .Fid the other parallel sides
Solution ; let a and b are Two parallel sides of trapezium and h be the distance between two
parallel sides
Given a =20m h= 15m The area of trapezium = 480m 2
We know that area of
1
area of trapizium = h( a + b)
2
1
480 = 15 (20 + b)
2
960
= (20 + b)
15
64 = (20 + b)
b = 64 − 20
b = 44m
Other side of trapezium = 44m
Q5 The area of rectangular courtyard is 3000sq m its sides are in the ratio 6:5 Find perimeter of
the courtyard
Solution : Two sides of , the rectangular courtyard are in the ration 6:5
Taking L= Length = 6x
B= Breadth 5x
area of courtyard = L B
3000 = 30 x 2
3000
x2 =
30
x = 100
2
x = 10
L= Length = 6x10= 60
B= Breadth 5x =5x10 = 50
Perimeter of rectangular courtyard = 2(L+B )
=2(60+50)
= 2(110)
=220 M
Q6 Find the area of the ring between two concentric circles whose circumference is 77cm and
55cm
Solution : circumference of larger circle =
C1 = 2r1
77 = 2r1
77
r1 =
2
77 7 49
r1 = = cm
2 22 4
circumference of smaller circle =
C2 = 2r2
55 = 2r2
55
r2 =
2
55 7 35
r2 = = cm
2 22 4
Now the area of the ring between two circles
= r1 = r2
2 2
= (r1 − r2 )
2 2
= (r1 − r2 )(r1 + r2 )
= (r1 − r2 )(r1 + r2 )
49 35 49 35
= ( − )( + )
4 4 4 4
22 14 84
= ( )( )
7 4 4
= 231 sq m
Q7 Length and Breadth of rectangular field are 25cmand 15cm. Find the barbed wire required
to fence
the field
solution : A field is rectangle
L=Length of rectangle = 25m
B=Length of rectangle = 15m
The barbed wire required to fence = Perimeter of rectangle
=2(L+B)
= 2 (40)= 8 0 m
Tutorial no13
Solve examples to find volume , surface area of solid figures
Q1 The volume ofCube is 488 7c.c Find its surface area
Solution : let a be the side of cube
The volume ofCube = a3
a3 = 488 3 = 1185.2966
a = 10.583cm
surface area of cube = 6a 2
= 6(10.583)2
= 6(10.583)2
= 672 sq.cm
Q2 Find the volume of sphere whose surface area is 616 sq.m
solution ; surface area sphere = 4 r 2
of
22
616 = 4 r2
7
7 1
r 2 = 616
22 4
r = 7cm
4
volume of sphere = r 3
3
4
= (7 ) 3
3
1372
=
3
= 1437.33 cubic cm
Q3 A lead bar is 10cm x 5cm x 4cm is melted and made up of equal 5 equal spherical bullets
Find the dimension and surface area of the bullets .
Solution : A lead bar is 10cm 5cm 4cm
Volume of lead bar = 10 5 4 = 200cm3
4
volume of sphere bullet = r 3
3
Since the bar is melt and use to make 5bullets
volume of bar = 5 volume of bullete
4
200 = 5 r 3
3
200 3
r3 = = 9.55
20
r = 2.122
Diameter of bullete = 2r = 2( 22.122) = 4.244cm
surface area of bullete = 4 r 2
= 4 (2.122)2
= 56.58cm2
Q4 The diameter base of circular cylinder is 42cm and its height is 10cm . Find the area of curved
surface and volume of cylinder
Solution : Given diameter of base of cylinder = 42cm
42
Radius of cylinder = r =
= 21
2
hights of cylinder = h = 10cm
1) Area of curved surface = 2rh
22
= 2 (21) (10)
7
= 1340cm2
2) Volume of cylinder = r 2h
22
= ( 21) 2 10
7
= 13860cm3
Tutorial no 14
Example to fond range , coefficient of range and mean deviation for
mean and median For different types of data
Q1 Find the range and coefficient of range for the following data .
200 , 210 208 , 160 , 250 , 290
Solution ; - Given data is raw data
200 , 210 208 , 160 , 250 , 290
Smallest value = S = 160
Largest value = L = 290
Range = largest value – Smallest value
= L–S
= 290 – 160
Range = 130
L−S
Co-efficient of range =
L+S
290 − 160
=
290 + 160
130
= = 0.28889
450
Co-efficient of range = 0.28889
Q2 The class mark of certain frequency distribution is 47 , 52 , 57 , 62 , 67
,72 , 77 and 82. What is the range and co-efficient of range .
Solution ; Given data is raw data
47 , 52 , 57 , 62 , 67,72 , 77 and 82
Smallest class mark value = S = 47
Largest class mark value = L = 82
Range = largest value – Smallest value
= L–S
= 82-47
Range = 35
L−S
Co-efficient of range =
L+S
82 − 47
=
82 + 47
35
= = 0.27132
129
Co-efficient of range = 0.27132
Q3 Find the range and coefficient of range for the following data .
xi 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
fi 2 3 7 5 7 8 8 10
Solution ; Given data is ungrouped data
xi 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
fi 2 3 7 5 7 8 8 10
Smallest value of xi = S = 5
Largest value of xi = L = 40
Range = Smallest value of xi - Largest value of xi
= L- S
= 40 -5
Range = 35
L−S
Co-efficient of range =
L+S
40 − 5 35
= = = 0.77778
40 + 5 45
Co-efficient of range = 0.77778
Q4 Find the range and coefficient of range for the following data
Xi 10 20 30 40 50
Fi 7 9 12 10 8
Solution : given data is ungrouped data
Xi 10 20 30 40 50
Fi 7 9 12 10 8
Smallest value of xi = S = 10
Largest value of xi = L = 50
Range = Smallest value of xi - Largest value of xi
= L- S
= 50-10
Range = 40
L−S
Co-efficient of range =
L+S
50 − 10 40
= = = 0,66667
50 + 10 60
Co-efficient of range = 0.66667
Q5 Find the range and coefficient of range for the following data
Marks 10 - 20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50 - 60
No. of students 6 19 34 10 18
Solution : Given data is continuous grouped data
Xi 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Fi 6 19 34 10 18
U = upper boundary of last class ,=60
L = lower boundary of first class =10
Range = U – L
= 60-10
Range = 50
U −L
co-efficient of range =
U +L
60 − 10 50
= = = 0.71429
60 + 10 70
co-efficient of range = 0.71429
Q6 Find the range and coefficient of range for the following data
Marks 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69
No. of 6 10 16 14 8 4
students
Solution : Given data is discontinuous data , so we first find the class boundaries
Xi 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69
C.B 9.5 -19.5 19.5-29.5 29.5-39.5 39.5-49.5 49.5-59.5 59.5- 69.5
Fi 6 10 16 14 8 4
U = upper boundary of highest class ,=69.5
L = lower boundary of lowest class =9.5
Range = U – L
= 69.5 – 9.5
Range = 60
U −L
co-efficient of range =
U +L
69.5 − 9.5 60
= = = 0.76
69.5 + 9.5 79
co-efficient of range = 0 .76
Q7 Calculate mean deviation about mean and median for
the following data 1 , 2 ,3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ,8 9,
Solution :a) mean deviation from mean
Given raw data 1 , 2 ,3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ,8 9,
−
To calculate mean : we know that mean
xi d
di= xi - x i is
1 -4 4 given by the formula
2 -3 3 Mean = x =
− xi
3 -2 2 N
1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9
4 -1 1 =
9
5 0 0
45
6 1 1 =
9
7 2 2 −
8 3 3 x = 5
Mean for raw data = 5
9 4 4
Now take deviation of each xi from mean
i d = 20
Mean deviation from mean =
di
=
20
= 2.22
N 9
b) To calculate mean deviation from median
xi di= xi - M d i
1 -4 4
2 -3 3
3 -2 2
4 -1 1
5 0 0
6 1 1
7 2 2
8 3 3
9 4 4 First we write the observation in increasing
order of magnitude like
d i = 20
1 , 2 ,3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ,8 9,
We observe that number of observation
is odd , n = 9 odd number
n +1
median = th place observation
2
9 + 1 10
= = = 5 th place observation
2 2
Median = 5
We take deviation of each xi from median
Mean deviation from median =
di
=
20
= 2.22
N 9
Mean deviation from median = 2.22
Q8 Calculate mean deviation about mean and median for the
following data 3, 6 , 5 ,7 , 10 ,12 , 15 , 18
Solution :a) mean deviation from mean
Given raw data 3, 6 , 5 ,7 , 10 ,12 , 15 , 18
xi − To calculate mean : we know that mean is
d i
di= xi - x given by the formula
3 -6.5 6.5
Mean = x =
− xi
5 -4.5 4.5 N
6 -3.5 3.5 3 + 6 + 5 + 7 + 10 + 12 + 15 + 18
=
7 -2.5 2.5 8
10 -0.5 0.5 76
=
12 2.5 2.5 8
15 5.5 5.5 −
x = 9.5
18 8.5 8.5 Mean for raw data = 9.5
d i = 34 Now take deviation of each xi from mean
Mean deviation from mean =
di
=
34
= 4.25
N 8
b) To calculate mean deviation from median
xi di= xi - M d i
3 -5.5 5.5 First we write the observation in increasing order
5 -3.5 3.5 of magnitude like
3,5 , 6 ,7 , 10 ,12 , 15 , 18
6 -2.5 2.5
We observe that number of observation
7 -1.5 1.5 is even, n =8 , even number
10 1.5 1.5 n n
12 3.5 3.5 th + + 1 the place obsevation
median = 2
2
15 6.5 6.5 2
18 9.5 9.5 8 8
th + + 1 th place
d i = 34 =
2 2 =
2
4 th + 5 th place
2
7 + 10 7 + 10
M = = = 8.5
2 2
We take deviation of each xi from median
Mean deviation from median =
di
=
34
= 4.25
N 8
Mean deviation from median = 4.25
Q9 Find mean deviation about mean and median for following data
xi 10 11 12 13 14
fi 3 12 18 12 3
Solution : a) To find mean deviation from mean
Xi fi xi.fi − fi d
d i = xi − x i
10 3 30 2 6
11 12 132 1 12
12 18 216 0 0
13 12 156 1 12
14 3 42 2 6
Total fi =48 fi xi fi d i
=576 =36
Mean =
−
x =
fi xi =
576
= 12
N 48
Mean deviation from mean =
fi di =
36
= 0.75
N 48
Mean deviation from mean = 0.75
b) To find mean deviation from median
Xi fi c.f frequency fi d
d i = xi − M i
10 3 3 2 6
11 12 15 1 12
12 18 33 0 0
13 12 45 1 12
14 3 48 2 6
Total fi =48 fi d i
=36
From the column of the cumulative frequency 16th to 33th are each 12
Median = 12
We find the deviation of median from each xi
Mean deviation from median =
fi di =
36
= 0.75
N 48
Q10 Find mean deviation about mean and median for following data
xi 3 4 5 6 7 8
fi 4 9 10 8 6 3
Solution : a) To find mean deviation from mean
Xi fi xi.fi − fi d
d i = xi − x i
3 4 12 2.3 9.2
4 9 36 1.3 11.7
5 10 50 0.3 3
6 8 48 0.7 5.6
7 6 42 1.7 10.2
8 3 24 2.7 8.1
Total fi =40 fi xi fi d i
=212 = 47.8
Mean =
−
x =
fi xi =
212
= 5.3
N 40
Mean deviation from mean =
fi di =
47.8
= 1.195
N 40
b) To find mean deviation from median
Xi fi c.f frequency fi d
d i = xi − M i
3 4 4 2 8
4 9 13 1 9
5 10 23 0 0
6 8 31 1 8
7 6 37 2 12
8 3 40 3 9
Total fi =40 fi d i
= 46
From the column of the cumulative frequency 14th to 23th are each 5
Median = = 5
We find the deviation of median from each xi
Mean deviation from median =
fi di =
40
= 1.15
N 40
Q11 Find mean deviation about mean and median for following data
xi 3 9 17 23 27
fi 8 10 12 9 5
Solution :
a)To find mean deviation from mean
Xi fi xi.fi − fi d
d i = xi − x i
3 8 24 12 96
9 10 90 5 60
17 12 204 2 24
23 9 207 8 72
27 5 135 12 60
Total N= fi fi xi fi d i
=44 =660 =312
Mean =
−
x =
fi xi =
660
= 15
N 44
Mean deviation from mean =
fi di =
312
= 7.09
N 44
Mean deviation from mean = 7.09
b) To find mean deviation from median
Xi fi c.f frequency fi d
d i = xi − M i
3 8 8 14 112
9 10 18 8 80
17 12 30 0 0
23 9 39 6 54
27 5 44 10 50
Total N= fi fi d i
=44 =296
First we shall find the median ,
Median = = 17
We find the deviation of median from each xi
Mean deviation from median =
fi di =
296
= 6.72
N 44
Mean deviation from median = 6.72
Q12 Find mean deviation about mean and median for the following data
Class - interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Frequency 5 8 15 16 6
Solution ;-
a) Find mean deviation from mean for given grouped data
Class Class Fi Fi . xi − Fi.di
Interval(Xi)
d i = xi − x
0-10 5 5 25 22 110
10-20 15 8 120 12 96
20-30 25 15 375 2 30
30-40 35 16 560 8 128
40-50 45 6 270 18 108
fi fi xi fi di
=50 =1350 =472
Mean =
−
x =
fi xi =
1350
= 27
N 50
fi di 472
= 9.44
fi
Mean deviation from mean = =
50
Mean deviation from mean = 9.44
b) Find mean deviation from median for given grouped data
Class Class Fi c.f d = xi − M Fi.di
i
Interval(Xi)
0-10 5 5 5 23 115
10-20 15 8 13 13 104
20-30 25 15 28 3 45
30-40 35 16 44 7 112
40-50 45 6 50 17 102
fi fi di
=50 =478
N 50
Here N = fi =50 2
=
2
= 25
From the column 0f cumulative we observer the 25th observation lies between 13and 28
Corresponding to cumulative frequency 28 class interval is 20 – 30
Median class is 20 – 30
N
− fc
Median = M =L + 2 C
fm
L= 20 fm = 15 fc = 13 c = 10 , N= 50
N
− fc
Median = M =L + 2 C
fm
50
− 13
Median = M = 20 + 2 10
15
25 − 13
M = 20 + 10
15
M = 20 +8 = 28
Mean deviation from median = fi di =
478
fi 50
Mean deviation from median = 9.56
Q13 Find mean deviation about mean and median for the following data
Class - interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Frequency 15 18 21 17 12
Solution ;- a) Find mean deviation from mean for given grouped data
Class Class Fi Fi . xi − Fi.di
d i = xi − x
Interval(Xi)
0-10 5 15 75 19.156 287.34
10-20 15 18 270 9.156 164.808
20-30 25 21 525 0.844 17.724
30-40 35 17 595 10.844 184.348
40-50 45 12 540 20.844 250.138
fi fi xi fi di
=83=N =2005 =904.358
Mean =
−
x =
fi xi =
2005
= 24.156
N 83
fi di
fi
Mean deviation from mean =
904.358
= = 10.895
83
Mean deviation from mean = 10.895
b) Find mean deviation from median for given grouped data
Class Class Fi c.f d = xi − M Fi.di
i
Interval(Xi)
0-10 5 15 15 19.04762 285.7143
10-20 15 18 33 9.04762 162.85716
20-30 25 21 54 0.95238 19.99998
30-40 35 17 71 10.95238 186.19046
40-50 45 12 83 `20.95238 251.42856
fi fi di
=83 =906.19046
N 83
Here N = fi =83 2
=
2
= 41.5
From the column 0f cumulative frequency we observer the 41.5th observation lies between
33and 54 , Corresponding to cumulative frequency 54 class interval is 20 – 30
Median class is 20 – 30
N
− fc
Median = M =L + 2 C
fm
L= 20 fm = 21 fc = 33 c = 10 , N= 83
83
− 33
Median = M = 20 + 2 10
21
41.5 − 33
M = 20 + 10
21
8.5
= 20 + 10
21
M = 20+ 4.04762 = 24.04762
fi di 906 . 19046
fi
Mean deviation from median = =
83
Mean deviation from median = 10.91795735
Q14 Find mean deviation about mean and median for the following data
Class - interval 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45
Frequency 7 12 16 25 19 15 6
solution:
a) Find mean deviation from mean for given grouped data
C.I class marks XI FI fi.xi − Fi.di
d i = xi − x
10-15 12.5 7 87.5 15.3 107.1
15-20 17.5 12 210.0 10.3 123.6
20-25 22.5 16 360.0 5.3 84.8
25-30 27.5 25 687.5 0.3 7.5
30-35 32.5 19 617.5 4.7 89.3
35-40 37.5 15 562.5 9.7 145.5
40-45 42.5 6 255.5 14.7 88.2
fi fi xi fi di
=100 =2780 =646
Mean =
−
x =
fi xi =
2780
= 27.8
N 100
Mean deviation from mean = fi di =
646
= 6.46
fi 100
Mean deviation from mean = 6.46
b) Find mean deviation from median for given grouped data
C.I class marks XI FI cf d = xi − M Fi.di
i
10-15 12.5 7 7 15.5 108.5
15-20 17.5 12 19 10.5 126
20-25 22.5 16 35 5.5 88
25-30 27.5 25 60 0.5 12.5
30-35 32.5 19 79 4.5 85.5
35-40 37.5 15 94 9.5 142.5
40-45 42.5 6 100 14.5 87
fi fi xi fi di
=100 =2780 =650
N 100
Here N = fi =100 2
=
2
= 50
From the column 0f cumulative frequency we observer the 50th observation lies between
35and 65 , Corresponding to cumulative frequency class interval is 25-30
Median class is 25 - 30
N
− fc
Median = M =L + 2 C
fm
L= 25 fm = 25 fc = 35 c =5 , N = 100
100
− 35
Median = M = 25 + 2 5
25
50 − 35
M = 25 + 5
25
15
= 25 + 5
25
M = 25+ 3 = 28
fi di 650
fi
Mean deviation from median = =
100
Mean deviation from median = 6.5
Tutorial no 15
Example to find standard deviation , variance , and tocheck the
consistency of the data .
Q1 Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and coefficient of
variance for the following data . 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5 , 6, 7, 8 , 9
Solution: Given data is raw data
xi −
di = xi − x di 2
1 -4 16
2 -3 9
3 -2 4
4 -1 1
5 0 0
6 1 1
7 2 4
8 3 9
9 4 16
xi = 45 di 2 = 60
Mean =
−
x =
xi =
45
=5
N 9
a) Standard deviation = σ =
di 2 di = xi − x
−
N
60
= = 2.58
9
2.58
b) coefficient of standard deviation = = − = = 0.516
mean 5
x
2
=
di 2 60
= = 6.66667
c) Variance =
N 9
2.58
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean
5
2.58
= 100 = 51.6
5
Q2 Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and coefficient of
variance for the 49 , 63 , 46 , 59 , 65 , 52 , 60 , 54
Solution : Given data is raw data 49 , 63 , 46 , 59 , 65 , 52 , 60 , 54
xi −
di = xi − x di 2
49 -7 49
63 7 49
46 -10 100
59 3 9
65 9 81
52 -4 16
60 4 16
54 -2 4
xi = 448 di 2 = 324
Mean =
−
x =
xi =
448
= 56
N 8
a) Standard deviation = σ =
di 2 di = xi − x
−
N
324
= = 6.36
8
6.36
b) coefficient of standard deviation = = − = = 0.113571
mean 56
x
2
=
di 2 324
= = 40.5
c) Variance =
N 8
6.36
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean 56
= 11.3571
Q3 In a certain factory , the number of machines , manufactured during the session of 8
months are given 19 , 23 , 16 , 7 , 18 , 35 , 14 , 24
Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and coefficient of
variance
Solution :
xi −
di = xi − x di 2
7 -12.5 156.25
14 -5.5 30.25
16 -3.5 12.25
18 -1.5 2.25
19 -0.5 0.25
23 3.5 12.25
24 4.5 20.25
35 15.5 240.25
xi = 156 di 2 = 474
Mean =
−
x =
xi =
156
=19.5
N 8
a) Standard deviation = σ =
di 2 di = xi − x
−
N
474
= = 59.25 = 7.697
8
7.697
b) coefficient of standard deviation = = − = = 0.399844
mean 19.5
x
2
=
di 2 474
= = 59.25
c) Variance =
N 8
7.697
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean 19.25
= 39.9844
Q4 Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and
coefficient of variance for the following data .
x 5 10 15 20 25
f 12 17 22 19 16
Solution : Given data is ungrouped data .
xi fi fixi − di2 fidi2
di = xi − x
5 12 60 -15.58 111.936 1343.23
10 17 170 -5.58 31.136 529.231
15 22 330 -0.58 0.336 7.40
20 19 380 4.42 19.536 371.184
25 16 400 9.42 88.736 1419.78
fi = 86 fi xi fi di 2
=1340 =3670.9
Mean =
−
x =
fixi =
1340
=15.58
fi 86
a) Standard deviation = σ =
fidi 2 −
di = xi − x
N
3670.09
= = 42.68 = 6.533
86
6.533
b) coefficient of standard deviation = = − = = 0.4193
mean 15.58
x
2
=
fidi 2 3670.9
= = 42.68
c) Variance =
N 86
6.533
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean 15.58
= 41.93
Q5Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and
coefficient of variance for the following data .
xi 5 10 15 20 25
fi 6 16 28 38 46
Solution : Given data is ungrouped data .
xi fi fixi − di2 fidi2
di = xi − x
5 6 30 -13.38 190.44 1142.64
10 16 160 -8.8 77.44 1239.04
15 28 420 -3.8 14.44 404.32
20 38 760 1.2 1.44 54.72
25 46 1150 6.2 38.44 1768.24
fi = 134 fi xi fi di 2
=2520 =4608.96
− fixi =
2520
=18.8
fi
Mean = x =
134
a) Standard deviation = σ = fidi 2 −
di = xi − x
N
4608.96
= = 34.3952 = 5.8647
134
b) coefficient of standard deviation = = − = 5.8647 = 0.311954
mean 18.8
x
c) Variance = 2
=
fidi 2
=
4608.96
= 34.3952
N 134
5.8647
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean 18.8
= 31.1952
Q6 Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and
coefficient of variance for the following data
.
xi 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
fi 4 6 9 12 9 6 4
Solution :
xi fi fixi − di2 fidi2
di = xi − x
7 4 28 3 9 36
8 6 48 2 4 24
9 9 81 1 1 9
10 12 120 0 0 0
11 9 99 1 1 9
12 6 72 2 4 24
13 4 52 3 9 36
fi = 50 fi xi fi di 2
=500 =138
Mean =
−
x = f x i i
=
500
= 10
fi 50
a) Standard deviation = σ =
fidi 2 di = xi − x
−
N
138
= = 13.8 = 3.7148
10
3.7148
b) coefficient of standard deviation = = − = = 0.37148
mean 10
x
2
=
fidi 2 138
= = 13.8
c) Variance =
N 10
3.7148
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean 10
= 37.148
Q7 Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and
coefficient of variance for the following data .
c.I 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100
fi 20 130 220 70 60
Solution
C.I Xi(class fi fixi − di2 fidi2
di = xi − x
marks
0-20 10 20 200 -40.8 1664.64 33292.8
20-40 30 130 3900 -20.8 432.64 56243.2
40-60 50 220 11000 -0.8 0.64 140.8
60-80 70 70 4900 19.2 368.64 25804.8
80-100 90 60 5400 39.2 1536.64 92198.4
fi fixi fi di 2
=500 =25400 =207679.4
−
Mean = x = fixi =
25400
= 50.8
fi 500
a) Standard deviation = σ =
fidi 2 di = xi − x
−
N
207679.4
= = 415.3588 = 20.3803
500
b) coefficient of standard deviation = = − = 20.3803 = 0.401187
mean 50.8
x
c) Variance =
2
=
fidi 2
=
207679.4
= 415.3588
N 500
20.3803
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean 50.8
= 40.1196
C.I Xi(class fi fixi − di2 fidi2
di = xi − x
marks
0-10 5 14 70 20 400 5600
10-20 15 23 345 10 100 2300
20-30 25 27 675 0 0 0
30-40 35 21 735 10 100 2100
40-50 45 15 675 20 400 6000
fi fixi fi di 2
=100 =2500 =16000
Q8 Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and
coefficient of variance for the following data .
c.I 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
fi 14 23 27 21 15
Solution
− fixi =
2500
= 25
fi
Mean = x =
100
a) Standard deviation = σ =
fidi 2 di = xi − x
−
N
16000
= = 160 = 12.65
100
12.65
= − =
b) coefficient of standard deviation = = 0.506
mean 25
x
fidi 2 16000
c) Variance = = = = 160
2
N 100
12.65
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean 25
= 50.6
Q9 Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and
coefficient of variance for the following data .
c.I 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
fi 3 5 8 3 1
C.I Xi fi fixi − di2 fidi2
di = xi − x
0-10 5 3 15 17 289 867
10-20 15 5 75 7 49 245
20-30 25 8 200 3 9 72
30-40 35 3 105 13 169 507
40-50 45 1 45 23 529 529
fi fixi =440 fi di 2 =
=20
2220
Soln :
Mean =
−
x = fixi =
440
= 22
fi 20
a) Standard deviation = σ = fidi 2
di = xi − x
−
N
2220
= = 111 = 10.5356
20
10.5356
= − =
b) coefficient of standard deviation = = 0.478893
mean 22
x
fidi = 2220 = 111
2
c) Variance = =
2
N 20
10.5356
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean 22
= 47.8890
Q10 Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and
coefficient of variance for the following data .
c.I 70-80 80-90 90-100 100-110 110-120 120-130 130-140 140-150
fi 6 7 12 19 21 18 11 6
Solution :
C.I xi fi fixi − di2 fidi2
di = xi − x
70-80 75 6 450 -37 1369 8214
80-90 85 7 595 -27 729 5103
90-100 95 12 1140 -17 289 3468
100-110 105 19 1995 -7 49 931
110-120 115 21 2415 3 9 189
120-130 125 18 2250 13 169 3042
130-140 135 11 1485 23 529 5819
140-150 145 6 870 33 1089 6534
fi fixi fi di 2
=100 =11200 =33300
Mean =
−
x =
fixi =
11200
= 112
fi 100
a) Standard deviation = σ = fidi 2 di = xi − x
−
N
33300
= = 333 = 18.25
100
= − = 18.25 = 0.162946
b) coefficient of standard deviation =
mean 112
x
fidi 2 33300
c) Variance = = = = 333
2
N 100
18.25
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean 112
= 16.2946
Q11 Find standard deviation , coefficient of standard deviation , variance and
coefficient of variance for the following data .
c.I 55-65 65-75 75-85 85-95 95-105 105-115 115-125
fi 10 12 15 20 14 7 2
Solution :
C.I xi fi fixi − di2 fidi2
di = xi − x
55-65 60 10 600 -25.625 656.64 6566.40
65-75 70 12 480 -15.625 244.14 2929.687
75-85 80 15 1200 -5.625 31.64 474.61
85-95 90 20 1800 4.375 19.14 382.2
95-105 100 14 1400 14.375 206.64 2892.96
105-115 110 7 770 24.375 594.14 4158.98
115125 120 12 240 34.375 1181.64 2363.28
fi fixi fi di 2
=80 =6850 =19768.1
Mean =
−
x = fixi =
6850
= 85.625
fi 80
a) Standard deviation = σ =
fidi 2 di = xi − x
−
N
19768.1
= = 247.1012 = 15.72
80
b) coefficient of standard deviation = = − =
15.72
= 0.183591
mean 85.625
x
c) Variance = 2
=
fidi 2 19768.1
= = 247.1012
N 80
15.72
d) coefficient of variance = c . v = 100 = 100
mean 85.625
= 18.3591
Q12 Following data pertain to two workers doing the same job in the factory
Worker A Worker B
Mean timer of completing the job 40 42
Standard deviation 8 6
Who is the more consistent worker ?
Solution : For worker A
−
Mean timer of completing the job x =40
and standard deviation σ = 08
TO calculate coefficient of variance
for worker A
=(c.v) A = 100
mean
= − 100
x
08
= (c.v) A = 100 = 20% -------------------------------------1
40
For workerB
−
Mean timer of completing the job x =42
and standard deviation σ =6
To calculate coefficient of variance
=(c.v) B = 100
mean
= −
100
x
6
(c.v) B = 100 = 14.2857% ----------------------------2
42
From 1 and 2 we observe that (c.v) B < (c.v) A
That is the coefficient of variance of worker B is less then the coefficient of variance of
worker A Therefore the worker B is more consistent
Q13 The data of runs scored by player A and B in 5 cricket test matches is as follows
Player A player B
Mean 53 45
Standard deviation 40 16
Justify which player is more consistence ?
Solution : For player A
−
Mean = x =53
and standard deviation σ = 40
TO calculate coefficient of variance
for player A
=(c.v) A = 100
mean
= − 100
x
40
= (c.v) A = 100 = 75.4717% ---------------------------------1
53
For player B
−
Mean =
x = 45
and standard deviation σ = 16
To calculate coefficient of variance for player B = (c.v)
B = 100
mean
= − 100
x
16
= (c.v) B = 100 = 35.5555% ----------------------------2
45
From 1 and 2 we observe that (c.v) B < (c.v) A
That is the coefficient of variance of player B is less then the coefficient of variance of
player A . Therefore the player B is more consistent
Q14 Two sets of observation are given below
Set – I Set – II
−
Mean = x 82.5 48.75
Standard deviation= σ 7.3 8.35
Which of the two sets is more consistent ?
Solution For Set – I
−
Mean = x = 82.5
and standard deviation σ = 7.3
To calculate coefficient of variance for Set – I (c.v)I = 100 = −
100
mean
x
7.3
= (c.v) I = 100 = 8.85% -------------------------------------1
82.5
For Set-II
−
Mean =
x = 48.75
and standard deviation σ = 8.35
To calculate coefficient of variance for For Set-II = (c.v) II = 100 = −
100
mean
x
8.35
= (c.v) II = 100 = 17.13% ----------------------------2
48.75
From 1 and 2 we observe that (c.v) I < (c.v) II
That is the coefficient of variance of Set I is less then the coefficient of variance of
set-II . Therefore the Set I is more consistent .
Tutorial Applied Mathematics
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