SELF LEARNING KIT # 1

Student’s Name: Section:

Teacher’s Gmail Address: Teacher:

jdmanipol.tssm@gmail.com Jeraldine D. Manipol

SUBJECT: PHYSICAL SCIENCE 12

MEL  Distinguish between carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
COMPETENCIES:  Summarize the general characteristics of each biomolecule.
 Relate the structures of the biomolecules with their properties.
DELIVERY MODE SYNCHRONOUS & SEMESTER: SECOND
ASYNCHRONOUS WEEK: 1
OBJECTIVES: A. Distinguish between carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
B. Summarize the general characteristics of each biomolecule.
C. Relate the structures of the biomolecules with their properties.
MATERIALS: PPT, Educational Videos, Educational Pictures DRR (REX 1 st Edition), Google
Form
OVERVIEW: In this Self Learning Kit, the learners will learn and understand Biological
Macromolecules.

General Classes and Uses of Organic Compounds

Organic Compound
● Organic compounds are called "organic" because they are associated with living organisms.
● These molecules form the basis for life and are studied in great detail in the chemistry
disciplines of organic chemistry and biochemistry

Four Main Types or Organic Compounds Found in all Living Things:

1. Carbohydrates
● Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
● Organisms use carbohydrates as energy sources, structural units, and for other purposes.
● Simple carbohydrates are called sugars.
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● A sugar made of one unit is a monosaccharide.
● If two units are joined together, a disaccharide is formed.
● More complex structures form when these smaller units link to each other to form polymers.

2. Lipids
● Lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
● Lipids have a higher hydrogen to oxygen ratio than is found in carbohydrates.
● Lipids are used for energy storage, to build structures, and as signal molecules to help cells
communicate with each other.
Three (2) Major Groups of Lipids
1-Triglycerides (consist of three fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol)
Fats, oils, waxes
2- Steroids (each have a backbone of four carbon rings joined to each other.)
3- Phospholipids resemble triglycerides except there is a phosphate group in place of one of the
fatty acid chains.

3. Protein-Organic Compounds
● Proteins consist of chains of amino acids called peptides.
● A protein may be made from a single polypeptide chain or may have a more complex structure
where polypeptide subunits pack together to form a unit.

Protein Examples:
● Enzymes- Is a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms.
● Collagen- Responsible for healthy joints and skin elasticity, or stretchiness. It's in bones,
muscles, and blood, comprising three quarters of skin and a third of the protein in the body.
● Keratin- To adhere cells to each other and to form a protective layer on the outside of the
skin. 
● Albumin- Made by a liver. Albumin helps keep fluid in your bloodstream so it doesn't leak into
other tissues.
● Hemoglobin- A protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body's organs and
tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues back to your lungs.
● Myoglobin- An iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the cardiac and skeletal muscle
tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals.
● Fibrin- Tough protein substance that is arranged in long fibrous chains; it is formed from
fibrinogen, a soluble protein that is produced by the liver and found in blood plasma.

4. Nucleic Acids—Organic Compounds

● A nucleic acid is a type of biological polymer made up of chains of nucleotide monomers. 
● Nucleotides, in turn, are made up of a nitrogenous base, sugar molecule, and phosphate
group. (Example: DNA and RNA)
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 ● Cells use nucleic acids to code the genetic information of an organism.

SELF LEARNING KIT # 4

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 12

NAME: ______________________________________ SCORES: ____________________

GRADE & SECTION: __________________________ TEACHER: JERALDINE MANIPOL

Activity I. Give at least five (5) sources of Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose

Glucose
1.__________________________
2.__________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
5. _________________________

Fructose
1.__________________________
2.__________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
5. _________________________

Galactose
1.__________________________
2.__________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
5. _________________________

Activity II. Read the following. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the space
provided.

______1. What do you call a protein that consists of chains of amino acids?
a. Monosaccharides b. Peptides c. Nucleic Acids d. Lipids
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_____2. What do you call a building block of DNA?
a. Nucleic Acid b. Ribose c. Phosphate group d. Nucleotide
_____3. A sugar made of two units called _____________
a. Monosaccharide b. Polymers c. Trisaccharide d. Disaccharide
_____4. Which of the following does not belong to a major group of Lipids?
a. Steroid b. Phospholipid c. Nucleic acid d. Triglycerides
_____5. What do you call to a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms?
a. Keratin b. Albumin c. Collagen d. Enzymes
_____6. Which biomolecular group carries and passes on the hereditary information
of the organism?
a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. nucleic acids d. proteins
_____7. Which biomolecules are significant features of the cell membrane?
a. carbohydrate and nucleic acid b. lipid and nucleic acid
c. nucleic acid and protein d. protein and lipid
_____8. Atom is the basic unit of a chemical element. What are the atoms that make up
carbohydrates?
a. C and H b. C, H and N c. C, H and O d. C, H, O and N
_____9. Which organic molecule gives fast source of energy?
a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. nucleic acids d. proteins
_____10. Which nutrient group is used in the composition of waxes and responsible for insulation of
some organisms?
a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. nucleic acids d. proteins
_____11. Which of the following does NOT belong to the classification of lipids?
a. hemoglobin b. phospholipids c. steroid d. triglyceride
_____12. Which of the following is considered as the building blocks of protein?
a. amino acids b. nucleic acids c. nucleotides d. polypeptides
_____13. The excessive consumption of carbohydrates is converted into which polysaccharide that is
stored in the liver and in muscles?
a. creatinine b. glycogen c. hemoglobin d. uric acid
_____14. Which of the following is a monosaccharide which is used in dextrose?
a. fructose b. galactose c. glucose d. lactose
_____15. Which is a good example of saturated fat?
a. butter b. corn oil c. olive oil d. sunflower oil
_____16. Which is termed as the blueprint of life?
a. deoxyribonucleic acid b. fatty acid
c. nucleic acid d. ribonucleic acid
_____17. Proteins are composed of four elements, namely: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and what other
element?
a. magnesium b. nitrogen c. phosphorous d. sulfur
_____18. This is a major insoluble fibrous protein found in connective tissues such as tendons,
ligaments, skin, cartilage, and the cornea of the eye. What is it?
a. albumin b. collagen c. keratin d. pepsin
_____19. Which polypeptide stores oxygen in muscles?
a. enzyme b. heme c. lipase d. myoglobin
_____20. Which is not a part of a nucleotide?
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a. nitrogenous base b. phosphate group c. ribonucleic acid d. sugar

Activity III. Answer the following

A. Give at least two (2) benefits of carbohydrates in organisms.
1.
2.

B. Give at least two (2) importance of lipids in the body.

1.
2.

Prepared by:
Jeraldine D. Manipol
Teacher

Checked by: Noted by:

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CARMIE R. PANINGBATAN CECILIA L. CLEMENTE JOSEPHINE E. FERIA
High School Team Leader Academic Head-Teacher Principal

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