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1 Fuctions - Recall From Grade 9

This document reviews key concepts about constant and linear functions: 1) Constant functions have the form y = k or x = k, representing horizontal or vertical lines. They are drawn by plotting the single intercept value k. 2) Linear functions have the form y = mx + c, where m is the slope (gradient) and c is the y-intercept. The slope m describes the rate of change of y with respect to x. Linear functions are drawn by plotting the x- and y-intercepts. 3) Methods are provided for calculating the slope from two points, determining if lines are parallel or perpendicular, and sketching graphs of example linear functions.

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Nhlanhla Hlátz
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74 views2 pages

1 Fuctions - Recall From Grade 9

This document reviews key concepts about constant and linear functions: 1) Constant functions have the form y = k or x = k, representing horizontal or vertical lines. They are drawn by plotting the single intercept value k. 2) Linear functions have the form y = mx + c, where m is the slope (gradient) and c is the y-intercept. The slope m describes the rate of change of y with respect to x. Linear functions are drawn by plotting the x- and y-intercepts. 3) Methods are provided for calculating the slope from two points, determining if lines are parallel or perpendicular, and sketching graphs of example linear functions.

Uploaded by

Nhlanhla Hlátz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Recall from Grade 9

a) The CONSTANT functions

1) Standard form equation: 𝒚 = 𝒌 (this is a horizontal line; all points on this


line have one thing in common, a 𝑦-value of 𝑘 )
Method of drawing: Plot the 𝑦-intercept, which will always be equal
to "𝑘", and draw a line through 𝑘, parallel to the 𝑥-axis.

e.g. 𝑦 = 4 𝑦

(0;4)

O 𝑥

2) Standard form equation: 𝒙 = 𝒌 (this is a vertical line)


Method of drawing: Plot the 𝑥-intercept, which will always be equal
to "𝒌", and draw a vertical line through 𝑘, parallel to the 𝑦-axis.

e.g. 𝑥 = 4 𝑦

O 𝑥
(4;0)

b) THE LINEAR FUNCTION

Standard form equation: 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄

• 𝒄 represents the 𝒚-intercept


This means that 𝑐 is the 𝑦-value of the point where the graph crosses the 𝑦-axis
• 𝒎 represents the gradient
𝑚 tell us about the rate of change of 𝑦 with respect to 𝑥 (i.e. it tells us how fast 𝑦
increases or decreases as 𝑥 gets bigger)
𝑚 can be broken down into three parts:
• the sign
• the numerator
• the denominator
3
(e.g 𝑚 = − 4 ).
The sign tells us the direction of the slope:
If 𝑚 > 0 then the graph slopes up to the right . We say that the graph is
increasing.
if 𝑚 < 0 the graph slopes down to the right . We say that the graph is
decreasing.
The numerator tells us the vertical distance between two points on the graph.
The denominator tells us the horizontal distance between two points (𝑥𝐴 ; 𝑦𝐴 ) and
(𝑥𝐵 ; 𝑦𝐵 ), on the graph.
𝑦 −𝑦
The gradient can be calculated using the formula 𝑚 = 𝑥 𝐴−𝑥 𝐵 . We can remember
𝐴; 𝐵;
𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 run
this as 𝑚 = 𝑟𝑢𝑛 rise

Parallel lines have the same gradient.


If two lines are perpendicular then 𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1 (the product of their gradients is
2 5 2 5
−1). So, if 𝑚1 = 5 then 𝑚2 = − 2 because 5 × − 2 = −1.

Method of drawing: As any straight line is uniquely defined by two points, the
easiest way to graph a linear function is to plot two points and draw the line through
them. These could be any two random points, but the two most critical points are
the two intercepts.

Sketching a Linear graph:


1
e.g. Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 − 1
𝑦
𝑦-intercept: let 𝑥 = 0
1
𝑦 = . 0 − 1 = −1
2

𝑥-intercept: let 𝑦 = 0 O 𝑥
1 (0;-1) (2;0)
2𝑥 − 1 = 0
1
 2 𝑥 = 1 𝑥 = 2

e.g. Draw the graph of 𝑦 = −4𝑥

𝑦-intercept: 𝑥 = 0
𝑦 = −4(0) = 0 𝑦

𝑥-intercept: 𝑦 = 0
 − 4𝑥 = 0
𝑥 = 0
O 𝑥
(0;0)
As the 𝑥 and 𝑦 intercepts are the same,
when graphing this line it will be (1;-4)
necessary to graph a second, random,
point (usually where 𝑥 = 1) or you
can use the gradient to determine the
coordinates of another point.

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