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ACTIVITY 5

Group 2

Members:
Aquino, Edzel
Avenido, Liela
Caluban, Justine Rey
Dalisay, Angelica
Gomez, Ma. Angela
Ilagan, Anne Francine
Reyes, Cedrick

November 3, 2021
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1. A perfect gas has a value of R = 58.8 ft.lb/lb.R and k = 1.26. If 20 Btu are added to 5 lb. of
this gas at constant volume when the initial temperature is 90°F, find (a) T2 (b) ∆H, (c)
∆S, (d) ∆U, and (e) work for a nonflow process.
Given:
R = 58.8 ft.lb/lb.R Q= 20 Btu
k = 1.26 T1 = 90◦F + 460 = 550.90°R
m = 5 lb
Required:
(a) T2 (d) ∆U
(b) ∆H (e) Wn
(c) ∆S
Solution:
(a) T2
R
cv = k−1 Q = mcv (T2 – T1)
0.07558 lb.°R/Btu
cv = 1.26−1
20 Btu = (5 lb) (0.29 Btu/ lb. °R) (T2 – 550 °R)

cv = 0.29 Btu/ lb. °R 20 Btu = 1.45 Btu/°R (T2 – 550°R)

20 Btu = 1.45 Btu/°R (T2) – 797.5 Btu

20 Btu + 797.5 Btu = 1.45 Btu/°R (T2)

817.5
T2 = 1.45 𝐓𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔𝟑. 𝟖 °𝐑
°R

(b) ∆𝐇
kR
cp = k−1 ∆H = mcp (T2 – T1)
(1.26)(0.07558 lb.°R/Btu)
cp = ∆H = (5 lb) (0.3663 Btu/ lb. °R) (563.8 °R – 550 °R)
1.26 −1

cp = 0.3663 Btu/ lb. °R ∆𝐇 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟐𝟕 𝐁𝐭𝐮

(c) ∆𝐒
T
∆S = mcv ln (T2 )
1

563.8 °R
∆S = (5 lb) (0.29 Btu/ lb. °R) ln ( 550 °R ) ∆𝐒 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟔 Btu/°R
 Page 3 of 14

(d) ∆𝐔 (e) 𝐖𝐧
2
∆U = mcv (T2 – T1) Wn = ∫1 pdV

∆U = (5 lb) (0.2907 Btu/ lb. °R) (563.8 °R – 550 °R) 𝐖𝐧 = 𝟎

∆𝐔 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟎𝟔 𝐁𝐭𝐮

2. A reversible, nonflow, constant volume process decreases the internal energy by 316.5
kJ for 2.268 kg. of a gas for which R = 430 J/kg.K and k = 1.35. For the process,
determine (a) the work, (b) Q, and (c) ∆S. The initial temperature is 204.4°C.
Given:
U = - 316.5 kJ R = 430 J/kg.K
m = 2.268 kg. k = 1.35
T1 = 204.4 °C + 273 = 477.4 K
Required:
(a) Wn
(b) Q
(c) ∆S
Solution:
(a) 𝐖𝐧 (b) Q
2
Wn = ∫1 pdV Q = mcv (T2 – T1)

𝐖𝐧 = 0 ∆U = mcv (T2 – T1) Q = ∆U

Q = -316.5 kJ
(c) ∆𝐒
R
cv = k−1 -316.5 kJ + 13320.22736 kJ = (2.78640 kJ/K) (T2)
0.43 kg.k/kJ 1013.72736
cv = T2 = 2.78640 T2 = 363.81 K
1.35 − 1
K

cv = 1.22857 kJ/kg.K
Q = mcv (T2 - T1)
-316.5 kJ = (2.268 kg) (1.22857 kJ/kg.K) (T2 - 477.4 K)
-316.5 kJ = (2.78640 kJ/K) (T2) – 13320.22736 kJ
 Page 4 of 14

T
∆S = mcv ln (T2 )
1

363.81 K
∆S = (2.268kg) (1.2286 kJ/kg.K) ln ( 477.4 K )

∆𝐒 = −𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟕𝟐 𝐤𝐉/𝐊

3. A 10-ft3 vessel of hydrogen at a pressure of 305 psia is vigorously stirred by paddles

until the pressure becomes 400 psia. Determine (a) ∆U and (b) W. No heat is
transferred, cv = 2.434 Btu/lb.R
Given:
V1 = 10 ft 3 p2 =400 psia = 57600 lb/ft2
cv = 2.434 Btu/lb.R Q=0
p1 =305 psia = 43920 lb/ft2
Required:
(a) ∆U
(b) W
Solution:
(a) ∆𝐔 (b) W
∆U = mcv (T2 – T1) Q = ∆U + Wn Wn = Q − ∆U
p2V p1V
∆U = mcv ( mR − ) Wn = 0 − 434 Btu
mR
Vcv
∆U =
R
(p2 − p1 ) 𝐖𝐧 = -434 Btu

(10 ft 3 )(2.434 Btu/lb. R)

∆U = (57600 lb/ft 2 − 43920lb/ft 2 )
766.54 ft. lb/lb. °R
∆𝐔 = 𝟒𝟑𝟒 𝐁𝐭𝐮
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4. Three pounds of a perfect gas with R = 38 ft.lb/lb.R and k = 1.667 have 300 Btu of heat
added during a reversible nonflow constant pressure change of state. The initial
temperature is 100°F. Determine the (a) final temperature, (b) ∆H, (c) W, (d) ∆U and (e)
∆S.
Given:
R = 38 ft.lb/lb.R T1 = 100 °F + 460 = 560 °R
Q = 300 Btu m = 3 lb.
k = 1.667
Required:
(a) T2 (d) ∆U
(b) ∆H (e) ∆S
(c) W
Solution:
(a) 𝐓𝟐
kR
cp = k−1 Q = mcp (T2 – T1)
(1.667)(0.04884 lb.°R/Btu)
cp = 1.667 −1
300 Btu = (3 lb) (0.12207 Btu/ lb. °R) (T2 – 560 °R)

cp = 0.12207 Btu/ lb. °R 300 Btu = 0.36621 Btu/°R (T2 – 560°R)

300 Btu = 0.36621 Btu/°R (T2) – 205.0776 Btu

300 Btu + 205.0776 Btu = 0.36621 Btu/°R (T2)

505.0776
T2 = 0.36621 T2 = 1379 °R − 460
°R

𝐓𝟐 = 𝟗𝟏𝟗 °𝐅

(b) ∆H (e) ∆𝐒
T2
∆H = mcp (T2 – T1) ∆S = mcp ln (T1)
1379.2021 °R
Q = mcp (T2 – T1) ∆S = (3 lb) (0.12207 Btu/ lb. °R) ln ( )
560 °R

∆H = Q ∆𝐒 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟏 𝐁𝐭𝐮/°𝐑
∆𝐇 = 300 Btu
 Page 6 of 14

(c) W
Wn = p(V2 − V1 )
mRT2 mRT1
Wn = p ( − ) ; p1 = p2
P2 P1

T2 T1
Wn = pmR ( p − )
p

Wn = mRT(T2 − T1 )
Wn = (3 lb)(38 ft. lb/lb. R)(1379 °R − 560 °R)
Wn = 93366 ft. lb × 1 Btu/778 ft. lb
𝐖𝐧 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝐁𝐭𝐮

(d) ∆𝐔
R
cv = k−1
0.04884 lb.°R/Btu
cv = 1.667 − 1

cv = 0.07323 Btu/ lb. °R

∆U = mcv (T2 - T1)
∆U = (3 lb) (0.07323 Btu/ lb. °R) (1379 °R − 560 °R)
∆U = (0.21969 Btu) (819)
∆𝐔 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝐁𝐭𝐮

5. While the pressure remains constant at 689.5 kPa the volume of a system of air changes
from 0.567 m3 to 0.283 m3. What are (a) ∆U, (b) ∆H, (c) Q, (d) ∆S? (e) If the process is
nonflow and internally reversible, what is the work?
Given:
P= 698.5 kPa V2 = 0.283 m3
V1 = 0.567m3
Required:
(a) ∆U (d) ∆S
(b) ∆H (e) Wn
(c) Q
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Solution:
(a) ∆𝐔
∆U = mcv (T2 – T1)
V2p V1p
∆U = mcv ( mR − )
mR
pcv
∆U = (V2 − V1 )
R

(689.5 kPa)(0.7186 kJ/kg. K)

∆U = (0.283m3 − 0.567m3 )
0.28708 kJ/kg. K
∆U = (- 490159 J) (1 kJ/ 1000 J) ∆𝐔 = 𝟒𝟑𝟒 𝐁𝐭𝐮

(b) ∆𝐇

∆H = mcp (T2 – T1)

V2p V1p
∆H = mcp ( mR − )
mR
pcp
∆H = (V2 − V1 )
R

(689.5 kPa)(1.0062 kJ/kg. K)

∆H = (0.283m3 − 0.567m3 )
0.28708 kJ/kg. K
∆H = (- 686332 J) (1 kJ/ 1000 J) ∆𝐇 = −𝟔𝟖𝟔. 𝟑 𝐤𝐉

(c) Q (e) 𝐖𝐧
Q = mcv (T2 – T1) Wn = p(V2 − V1 )
∆H = mcv (T2 – T1) Wn =(689.5 kJ/m3 ) (0.283m3 − 0.567m3 )
Q = ∆H Wn = 689.5 kJ/m3 (-0.284m3 )
Q = -686.3 kJ 𝐖𝐧 = −𝟏𝟗𝟓. 𝟖 𝐤𝐉

(d) ∆𝐒
T2 V2
∆S = mcp ln (T1) ∆S = 𝑐𝑝 ln (V1)
pV2/mR V2
∆S = mcp ln (pV1/mR) ∆S = (1.006) ln (V1)
V2
∆S = m𝑐𝑝 ln (V1) ∆𝐒 = -0.6992 kJ/kg.K
 Page 8 of 14

6. Four pounds of air gain 0.491 Btu/°R of entropy during a nonflow isothermal process. If
p1 = 120 psia and V2 = 42.5 ft3, find (a) V1 and T1, (b) W, (c) Q, and (d) ∆U.
Given:
m = 4 lbs. V2 = 42.5 ft3
∆S = 0.491 Btu/°R R = 53.34 ft.lb/lb. °R
p1 = 120 psia
Required:
(a) V1 and T1 (c) Q
(b) W (d) ∆U
Solution:
Q V ∆S
∆S = ln (V2 ) = mR
T 1

V
V ln( 2 ) ∆S
Q = mRT ln (V2 ) e V1 = emR
1

∆S
V V2
∆S = mR ln (V2 ) V1
= emR
1

(a) V1 and T1
V2
V1 = ∆S pV = mRT
emR

42.5 ft3 p1 V1
V1 = 0.491 Btu/°R T1 = mR
e(4 lb)(0.06856 lbn.°R/Btu )
(17280 lb/ft2 )(7.093 ft3 )
𝐕𝟏 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟗𝟑 𝐟𝐭 𝟑 T𝟏 = (4 lb)(53.34 ft.lb/lb.°R)

𝐓𝟏 = 𝟓𝟕𝟒. 𝟓 °𝐑

(b) W (c) Q
V
Wn = p1 V1 ln (V2 ) Q = ∆U + Wn
1

42.5 ft3
Wn = (17280 lb/ft 2 )(7.093 ft 3 ) ln (7.093 ft3 ) Q = 0 + 282.1 Btu

𝐖𝐧 = 𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟏 𝐁𝐭𝐮 Q = 282.1 Btu

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(d) ∆𝐔 = 𝟎

7. If 10 kg/min of air are compressed isothermally from p1 = 96 kPa and V1 = 7.65 m3/min
to p2 = 620 kPa, find the work, the change of entropy and the heat for (a) nonflow
process and (b) a steady flow process with υ1 = 15 m/s and υ2 = 60m/s.
Given:
m = 10 kg/min p2 = 620 kPa
p1 = 96 kPa υ1 = 15 m/s
V1 = 7.65 m3/min υ2 = 60m/s
Required:
(a) nonflow process
(b) steady flow process
Solution:
(a) nonflow process
V
p1V1 = p2V2 Wn = p1 V1 ln (V2 )
1

m3
p1 V1 m3 1.185
min
V2 = Wn = (96 kPa) (7.65 ) ln ( m3
)
p2 min 7.65
min

m3
(96 kPa)(7.65 ) 𝐤𝐉
min
V2 = 𝐖𝐧 = −𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟎 𝐦𝐢𝐧
620kPa

V2 = 1.185 m3/min
p
∆S = m R ln (p1 )
2

Rair = 0.287 kJ/kg. K

96 kPa
∆S = (10 kg/min) (0.287 kJ/kg. K) ln (620 kPa)

∆𝐒 = −𝟓. 𝟑𝟓𝟔 𝐤𝐉/𝐊. 𝐦𝐢𝐧

(b) steady flow process
Ws = Q = Wn ∆K = −16.875 kJ/min
Wn = Ws ∆P = 0
𝐤𝐉
Ws = −𝟏𝟑𝟕𝟎 𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∆H = 0
 Page 10 of 14

m[(υ1 )2 − (υ2 )2
∆K =
2
10 kg/min[(15 m/s)2 −(60 m/s)2
∆K = Q = ∆P + ∆K + ∆H + Ws
2
J 1kJ
∆K = −16875 min × 1000J Q = 0 + (−16.875 kJ/min) + 0 + (−1370 kJ/min )

∆K = −16.875 kJ/min Q = -1386.9 kJ/min

8. One pound of an ideal gas undergoes an isentropic process from 95.3 psig and a volume
of 0.6 ft3 to a final volume of 3.6 ft3. If cp = 0.124 and cv = 0.093 Btu/lb.R, what are (a) t2,
(b) p2 (c) ∆H and W.
Given:
p1 = 95.3 psig cp = 0.124 Btu/lb.R
V1 = 0.6 ft3 cv = 0.093 Btu/lb.R
V2 = 3.6 ft3 m = 1 lb.
Required:
(a) t2 (c) ∆H
(b) p2 (d) W
Solution:
p1 = 95.3 psig
p1 = (95.3 + 14.7) psia = 110 psia
lb in2
p1 = 110 in2 × 144 ft2

p1 = 15840 lb/ft2

(a) t2
p1 V1
R = cp – cv T1 = mR

(15840 lb/ft2 )(0.6ft3 )

R = 0.124 Btu/lb.R - 0.093 Btu/lb.R T1 = (1 lb)(0.031 Btu/lb.R)(778 lb.ft/R)

R = 0.031 Btu/lb.R T1 = 394.0625 R = - 65.94 °F

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cp V k−1
k= T2 = T1 (V1 )
cv 2

0.124 Btu/lb.R 0.6 ft3 1.3333−1

k= T2 = (394.0625 R) (3.6 ft3)
0.093 Btu/lb.R

k = 1.3333 Btu/lb.R T2 = 216.87 R – 460

T2 = -243.13 °F
(b) p2
p1 V1k = p2 V2k (c) ∆𝐇
p1 V1 k
p2 = ∆H = mcp (T2 − T1 )
V2 k

(110 psia)(o.6 ft3 ) 1.3333

p2 = ∆H = (1 lb)(0.124 Btu/lb. R)(216.87 R − 394.06 R)
(3.6 ft3 ) 1.3333

p2 = 10.09 psia ∆𝐇 = −21.97 Btu

(d) W
mR(T2 −T1 )
W= (k−1)

(1 lb)(0.031 Btu/lb.R)(394.06 R−216.87 R)

W= W = 16.48 Btu
(1.3333 Btu/lb.R−1)

9. A certain ideal gas whose R = 278.6 J/kg.K and cp = 1.015 kJ/kg.K expands isentropically
from 1517 kPa, 288°C to 965 kPa. For 454 g/s of this gas determine, (a) Wn, (b) V2, (c)
∆U and (d) ∆H.
Given:
R =278.6 J/kg.K = 0.2786 kJ/kg.K t1 = 288°C +273 = 561 K
cp = 1.015 kJ/kg.K p2 = 965 psia
p1 = 1517 psia m = 454 g/s = 0.454 kg/s
Required:
(a) Wn (c) ∆U
(b) V2 (d) ∆H
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Solution:
cp T2 p2 k−1
k= =[ ] k
cv T1 p1
R = cp – c v T2 965 kPa 1.3783−1
=[ ] 1.3783
cv = 0.7364 T1 1517 kPa

1.015 T2 = 0.8832 (T1 )

k= = 1.3783
0.7364
T2 = (0.8832) (561 K) T2 = 495.50 K
(a) Wn
mR(T2 −T1 )
Wn = 1−k

(0.454 kg/s)(0.2786 kJ/kg.K)(495.50 K−561 K)

Wn =
1−1.3783

Wn = 21.9 kJ/s

(b) V2
p2 V2
m= RT2

mRT2
V2 = p2

(0.454 kg/s)(0.2786 kJ/kg.K)(495.50 K)

V2 =
965 kJ/m3

𝐕𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟒𝟗𝟓 𝐦𝟑 /𝐬

(c) ∆𝐔
∆U = mcv (T2 − T1 )
∆U = (0.454 kg/s)(0.7364 kJ/kg. K)(495.50 K − 561 K)
∆𝐔 = −𝟐𝟏. 𝟗 𝐤𝐉/𝐬

(d) ∆𝐇
∆H = mcv (T2 − T1 )
∆H = (0.454 kg/s)(1.015 kJ/kg. K)(495.50 K − 561 K)
∆𝐇 = −𝟑𝟎. 𝟏𝟖 𝐤𝐉/𝐬
 Page 13 of 14

SUMMARY OF ANSWERS:

1. (a) T2 = 563.8 °R 6. (a) V1 = 7.093 ft 3 ; T1=574.5 °R

(b) ∆H = 25.27 Btu (b) Wn = 282.1 Btu
(c) ∆S = 0.036 Btu/°R (c) Q = 282.1 Btu
(d) ∆U = 20.06 Btu (d) ∆U = 0
(e) Wn = 0

2. (a) Wn = 0 7.
kJ
(a) Wn = −1370 min
(b) Q = -316.5 kJ kJ
(b) Ws = −1370 min
(c) ∆S = −0.7572 kJ/K
(c) Q = -1386.9 kJ/min
kJ
(d) ∆S = −5.356 K.min
3. (a) ∆U = 434 Btu 8. (a) T2 = -243.13 °F
(b) Wn = -434 Btu (b) p2 = 10.09 psia
(c) ∆H = −21.97 Btu
(d) W = 16.48 Btu
4. (a) T2 = 919 °F 9. (a) Wn = 21.9 kJ/s
(b) ∆H = 300 Btu (b) V2 = 0.06495 m3 /s
(c) Wn = 120 Btu (c) ∆U = −21.9 kJ/s
(d) ∆U = 180 Btu (d) ∆H = −30.18 kJ/s
(e) ∆S = 0.3301 Btu/°R
5. (a) ∆U = 434 Btu
(b) ∆H = −686.3 kJ
(c) Q = -686.3 kJ
(d) ∆S = -0.6992 kJ/kg.K
(e) Wn = −195.8 kJ
 Page 14 of 14

Peer Evaluation:
Leader: Ilagan, Anne Francine M.

Name Score

Aquino. Edzel Joshua 6/7

Avenido, Liela 6/7

Caluban, Justine Rey 6/7

Dalisay, Angelica 7/7

Gomez, Ma. Angela 6/7

Reyes, Cedrick 6/7