1. (a) Calculate the electrostatic potential energy of two electrons separated by 3.

0 Å in
vacuum. Express your answer in joules and in electronvolts. (b) Calculate the
electrostatic potential energy in eV of a system of two electrons and a proton in vacuum
if the electrons are separated by 3.0 Å and the electron–proton distances are 4.0 and 5.0
Å.
Jawab:
1 q1 q 2
(a) V =
4 π εo r
2
9 (−1,6 ×10−19)
V =9 ×10 × −10
3× 10 m
V =7,68× 10−19 J
−19
V =7,68× 10 J
V =4,8 eV

(b) V =
1
(
q1 q2 q 1 q 3 q 2 q 3
4 π εo r
+
r
+
r )
( )
2
9 ( −1,6× 10−19 ) (−1,6 × 10−19 ) × ( 1,6 ×10−19) (−1,6 ×10−19) × ( 1,6 × 10−19 )
V =9 ×10 × −10
+ −10
+ −10
3 ×10 m 4 ×10 m 5 ×10 m

V =9 ×10 × ( 0,85 ×10 )

9 −28 −28 −28
−0,64 × 10 −0,51 ×10
V =9 ×10 × (−0,3× 10 )
9 −28

V =−2,7 ×10−19 J
V =−1,69 eV

2. Give the allowed values of (a) l for n = 5 and (b) m if l = 5.

Jawab:
(a) l = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) m = -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

3. Omitting spin considerations, give the degeneracy of the hydrogen-like energy level with
(a) n = 1; (b) n = 2; (c) n = 3.
Jawab:
(a) 1s
(b) 2s, 2p-1, 2p0, 2p1
 (c) 3s, 3p-1, 3p0, 3p1, 3d-2, 3d-1, 3d0, 3d1, 3d2

4. Calculate the ionization potential in eV of (a) He+; (b) Li2+.

Jawab:
(a) He+ = 1s1
−Z 2 e2
E=
8 π ε 0 a 0 n2
Z2 2
2
( 1,6 × 10−19 )
−
n 1 eV
E= −12 −1 2 −1 −10
× −19
8 π ×8,854 × 10 J C m ×0,5292 ×10 m 1,6 ×10

( )
2
Z
E=− 2
13,6 eV
n

( )
2
2
E=− 2
13,6 eV
1
E=−54,4 eV
Energi Ionisasinya adalah 54,4 eV

(b) Li2+ = 1s1

E=−
( )
Z2
n2
13,6 eV

( )
2
3
E=− 2
13,6 eV
1
E=−122,4 eV
Energi Ionisasinya adalah 122,4 eV

5. Positronium is a species consisting of an electron bound to a positron. Calculate its

ionization potential. A positron has the same mass as an electron and the same charge as
a proton.
Jawab:
4
−m e
E=
8 ε 20 n2 h 2
 me × me me
m= =
me +me 2
−me e
4
E=
2 8 ε 20 n2 h2
4
−1 me e 1
E=
2 8 ε 20 h2 n2
−1 13,6 eV
E= ×
2 n2
−1 13,6 eV
E= ×
2 12
E=−6,8 eV
Energi Ionisasinya adalah 6,8 eV

6. True or false? (a) The photon emitted in an n = 3 to n = 2 transition in the H atom has a
lower frequency than the photon for an n = 2 to n = 1 H-atom transition. (b) The ground
state energy of He is about 4 times the ground-state energy of H. (c) ψ is zero at the
nucleus for all H-atom stationary states. (d) For the ground state of the H atom, ψ2 is a
maximum at the nucleus. (e) The most probable value of the electron–nucleus distance in
a ground-state H atom is zero. (f) The smallest allowed value of the atomic quantum
number n is 0. (g) For H atom stationary states with l = 0, ψ is independent of θ and .
(h) For the H-atom ground state, the electron is confined to move on the surface of a
sphere centered around the nucleus. (i) For the H-atom ground state, the electron is
confined to move within a sphere of fixed radius.
Jawab:
(a) True
n = 3 to n = 2

( )
2
Z
E=− 2 2
13,6 eV
n1 −n2

( )
2
1
hv=− 13,6 eV
3 −22
2

2,72eV
v=
h

n = 2 to n = 1
 E=−
( Z2
n21 −n22)13,6 eV

( )
2
1
hv=− 2 2 13,6 eV
2 −1
4,53 eV
v=
h

(b) True

Egs He
=
−
( )
Z2
n2
13,6 eV

( )
Egs H Z
2
− 2
13,6 eV
n

Egs He
=
− ( )
22
1
13,6 eV

( )
Egs H 12
− 2
13,6 eV
1
Egs He 4
=
Egs H 1
E gs He=4 E gs H

(c) False
For 1s orbital of H-atom, the wave function will be as follows:

( )
3/ 2
1 1 −r / a0
ψ 1 s= e
√ π a0
Here, r is the radius. At the nucleus that is when r is equal to zero, wave function will
be maximum. Therefore, the statement is false.

(d) False
For ground state of H-atom, wave function of 1s orbital is given:

( )
3/ 2
1 1 −r / a0
ψ 1 s= e
√ π a0
According to equation, the value of is maximum when r is equals to zero and also
radial distribution factor is zero due to the factor r2. Therefore, the statement is false.
(e) False
Electron-nucleus distance can never be zero for a stable atom. Therefore, the given
statement is false.

(f) False
n = 1, 2, 3....

(g) True
According to quantum mechanical theory of atoms, the complete identity of an
electron in an atom depends on four quantum numbers.
The principal quantum number (n)
Azimuthal quantum number (l)
Magnetic quantum number (m)
Spin quantum number (s)
The value of l determines the shape of the subshell. Zero value of l indicates s
subshell. The s subshell is spherically symmetrical and independent of two variables
in spherical coordinate. Therefore, the statement is true.

(h) False
For H atom ground state, there is only 1s electron. For orbital in spherical coordinate,
the wave function is independent of θ and , so only r is taken into consideration.
There is only one electron, it can move anywhere, it not confined in a particular
region. Therefore, the statement is false

(i) False
The radius of sphere is not fixed for electron. The orbital is the probability of finding
the electron in a region of space. According to Heisenberg uncertainty principle,
exact position and exact velocity of electron cannot be determined simultaneously
which offers a direct challenge to Bohr's atomic model. To remove this controversy,
the fixed radius of an orbit in Bohr model was replaced by probability of finding
electron in space. The most probable region is considered as orbital. Therefore, the
statement is false.
7. Match each of the spherical coordinates r, θ, and  with each of the following
descriptions and give the range of each coordinate. (a) Angle between the positive z axis
and the radius vector. (b) Distance to the origin. (c) Angle between the positive x axis
and the projection of the radius vector in the xy plane.
Jawab:

(a) θ
(b) r
(c) 

8. True or false? For the hydrogen atom, (a) the allowed energy levels are E = -(13.60
eV)/n2 and E ≥ 0; (b) any photon with energy Ephoton ≥ 13.60 eV can ionize a hydrogen
atom in the n = 1 state; (c) Any photon with Ephoton ≥ 0.75(13.60 eV) can cause a
hydrogen atom to go from the n = 1 state to the n = 2 state.
Jawab:
(a) True
For hydrogen atom, Z is equal to 1. Thus, energy of an electron in nth orbit of
hydrogen atom is written as follows:

E=−
( )
1
n2
13,6 eV

Here, n = 1, 2, 3....
Thus,
E≥0
 Negative sign in the equation indicates that the energy is released when electron
travels from higher level to lower levels. Therefore, the statement is true.

(b) True
Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to completely strip off one
electron from an orbit of the Atom. Energetic photons are generally used to strip the
electrons. Ionization energy Ephoton needed for electron in nth orbit is written as
follows:

( )
2
Z
E photon=− 2
13,6 eV
n
For hydrogen like atom in first energy state is calculated as follows:
E photon=−13,6 eV
Therefore, the statement is true.

(c) False

( )
2
Z
E=− 13,6 eV
n1 −n22
2

12
(
E=− 2 2 13,6 eV
2 −1 )
E=− ( 13 ) 13,6 eV
E=−0,75(13,6 eV )
Photon with exactly this amount of energy is required for this particular transition.
Therefore, the statement is false.