General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level Data

Communication & Networks

STUDENT NAME Akash Kumar

BATCH #

COMPUTER S CIENCE 2210/01

Paper 1

Prepared By: TANVIR IQBAL KHAN

This document consist of 5 printed pages

1. The electromagnetic or light waves that transfer data from one device to another device
in encoded form are called signals.
(a) Describe two following types of transmission signals.

(i) Analog Signals Analog transmission is a transmission method of conveying

information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some
other property in proportion to that information .

(ii) Digital Signals Digital signals can be transmitted over transmission lines using either

serial or parallel communication. With serial communication, the sequence of bits
used to describe a value is sent in sequence along a single  transmission line

(iii) (b) Explain two applications of analog and digital signals.

(i) …………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) …………………………………………..…………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Signals gets weaker when distance between two devices expanded in a larger area.
Name the term used in data communication.

…………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………….
(d) Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of analog and digital signals.
(i) Analog signal
Advantage …………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….
Disadvantage ………………………………….…………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Digital signal
Advantage …………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….
Disadvantage ………………………………….…………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….

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2. Data transmission refers to the movement of data in form of bits between two or more
digital devices. The data transmission happens either through Parallel transmission or
Serial transmission. Describe both terms with example.

(a) Parallel transmission; it is a transmission of data in the form of bits from one device
to another several bits at one time. (Depends on the wires/channels)

(b) . Example: Sending data from computer to printer

(c) Serial transmission: it is data transmission in the form of bit only one bit at one
time…

(d) Example: Transmission over a telephone

(e) Describe two uses of parallel and serial transmissions.

(i) Parallel Transmission: it is used in it is used in internal electronics of the computer

system.

(ii) Serial Transmission: it used in USB(Universal Serial Bus) and In telephone lines.

(d) Give two reasons of choosing parallel and serial transmissions.

(i) Parallel Transmission

Reason 1. IT provides very high speed to make work eligible.

Reason 2. …Bits can be transferred as simplex ,half-duplex and full-
duplex.
(ii) Serial Transmission

Reason 1. Works better over a long distance.

Reason 2.it stores data as it receives so data loss error takes place.
3. Error detection is the process of detecting errors in transmitted messages and
reconstructing the original error-free data and error correction ensures that corrected
and error-free messages are obtained at receiver side.
(a) Describe two following types of error detection methods.

(i) Parity Check: This method is used to configure that is the data correct or not. In this
method data is sent to the receiver in the form of parity bits. It first does make a
protocol whether the sender is sending in odd or even if it is odd than receiver will
put a zero at the beginning of bit. If the ones in the bit are odd than the data is
correct but if not, the data is corrupted.

(ii) Checksum In this the method there are steps. Checksum has the value of 255(0-
256). If the the sum of bytes is equal or smaller to 255 the bytes is = check sum but
if the value is larger so we need to first divide the bytes with 256 and then round it.

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 Afterwards you need to again multiply the number by 256 and then subtract the
number from original number of bytes

(b) Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) is a protocol for error control in data transmission.
How does it work when error in data packet is received by the destination device?

Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) works when a protocol is signed between 2

computers/devices. A message from a sender’s end is sent to receiver to check if the
data is correctly received if not then it will repeat to send the data again and again until it
gets message from receiver’s end in the form of timed out.

(c) Following data is received at receiver end using even parity check. Find which of the
following data set is successfully transmitted at receiver end.

No

Yes

Yes

No

(d) In two-dimensional parity check, a block of bits is divided into rows and a redundant
row of bits is added to the whole block, where a parity of 1 is added to the block if it
contains an odd number of 1’s (ON bits) and 0 is added if it contains an even number
of 1’s. Give the following empty blocks of row and column to its appropriate parity
bits.

0
1

1
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1

(e) If the sum of the bytes in the packet is 255 or less, then the checksum contains that
exact value.

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 Let's look at a checksum example:
Bytes total 1,151

1,151 / 256 = 4.496 (round to 4)

4 x 256 = 1,024
1,151 - 1,024 = 127 checksum

Find the checksum of the following bytes total using above example.
1,051

1,051/256=4.10=4

4*256=1024

1051-1024=

Answer ( 27 )

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4.

5.

6.

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7.

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8.

Networking between computer can make everything easier for both

users, it may provide each others data easily

If we have a printer which has only one ethernet port, we may

share a printer connection with a user we are networked with.

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 (c )

9.

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10 .

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11,

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12.

Many websites need cokies to save your data in a special kind of a

file. It saves the information you volunteered or entered like your
name so that next time you may enter and all the data can be again
used.
[2]

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13.

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