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33% found this document useful (3 votes)
6K views552 pages@aconcise Advanced Worldwide English Book 2
Uploaded by
desalegnCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 552
lish
| Worldwide En9
1la
gone? 11 and ba
Book 2
cree
EUEE Questions and their answer with
detailed explanation- Advanced
Worldwide
English preparatory auhool etudenia I may alae bee
pook is mainly intended for
ie to high achoo! taachars and university student
tt has nine unite that encompass advanned grammar ypes of paragraphs
and idiomatic expremsions. ‘The main body of aah anit Comprises Humienoua
lopian, Moreover, some selected EALGE and
mode! question# rolated to aut
incerporated. Aj the ‘end of the unite, University En
trance Examination Questions and their anawars with detailed explanations
‘The main reason for the inclusion of model and national examination. ques:
tions in to aharpen students’ interonts and draw their attentions to read the
‘entire contents of the book. Moreover, the questions are used aa helpful
methods to explain and simplify some grammatical toms which seem to be
complex for students (o understand easily.
‘The averall objective of writing this hook is to enhance the students’
English proficiency and improve their results
national examinations.
derstand the topics treated, numerous vivid examples are
ple, everyday English is used to explain points.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
‘1am deeply indebted to W/ro Analy Kifle and Silesh Miskis
1 rng eo ple ne maa Contents
Unit 22 Imversion.....-
22.1 Inversion with may ..
22.2 Inversion with a negative wae
22.3 Alter neither, nor and so in short answers.
22.4 After than and as ... eeenen “
22.5With so...that (so+adver)
22.6 With conditional sentences.
22.7 After Adverbs of place
22.8 After here and there ..
22.9. Inversion with questions
22.10. Hardly...when, etc...
22.11. University EE Questions (Inversion)
Unit 23 Conditional Sentences...-------++-* «AS
23.1 Likely/ Probable Condition .
Zero Conditional........+.+.
23.2 Unlikely/ Improbable Condition
23.3 If + were to + V) (improbable condition) -
23.4 Could and might..
23.5 Impossible Condition
23.6.Unless
23.7 Inversion .
23.8 If so and if no!
23.9 Reduced If-clause
23.10 Even if...
-
typ web Oe and farthest /turthest 90
a0
ot
96.02. Parther/further
98.23 Comparative and Superlative Adverb Forms
4.25 University Entrance Heanimsatton Quentin (C comparison) 9
sossueensoreied LEO
Unit 27 Adverbial Clauses ....-.--+
sasseneenee » 110 ‘Types of Advert: Se
tion Questions ( Adverbs). 99.1 Mow to read well... A
83.1.1, Concentrate as you ‘read
{ Unit 33 How to comprehend passages. --- 408
Bal. “a Skim the passage before you rend jlied 408
AS
41S
re
cere AT
Al
41s
Mee
423
University Entrance Examination Questions .
35 Letters, resumes and memos... Unit 36 Thanks and instructi
ONS oer... 47] Unit 22
Inversion
In inversion, the verb comes before the subject (verb + subjec
words, the normal order of a statement (subject +verb) is
Writers do this to add variety to their sentences, and poets :
invert the order of sentences, too.
Example 4
At the back of the fridge under the table was a pair of old shoes:
‘This is inversion. It is the same as:
Apair of old shoes was at the back of the fridge under the t
(in both cases, a pair of shoes is a subject.) :
22.1 Inversion with may
‘The word may comes before the subject to express
Examples
May all your dreams come true!
May he rest in peace!
22.2 Inversion with a negative word correct awe
structure: merefore, B
janations:
or gative ¢ not, seldom,
Inversion 5 also possiD ek heres jn n0 circumst:
paraly, B reget, ttle: Poy and only: inversion i
when, only ONES) oo 1 wyds mat act like negatives in
formal situation ere axe arcel¥ nly. If
. mer, Bees 1 SE agtence, me subject and
words ©
inverted
Example
She hardly eve™ for a walle
this is the s2m° asi :
iy ever i go for awalk. (version)
Example a
Thave seldom seena film.
Thisis the same a
Seldom have [seen a film. (inversion)
Example 3
Hardly ever does mY gitliriend read fictions.
eads fictions.)
She didn't eat a single banana,
ne is the same as:
asingle banana did she r ‘
rs Famplcs eat, (inversion)
knew little ab«
This is the same ae our CO PEE
little did 5:
she know about our com
nL C 6 pany. (in
ets
Only once did He re
: goby plane, [have never seen such a tall man in my life.
This is the same as:
Never in my life have I seen such a tall man.
Example 9
, Never has my friend played. basketball,
(Meaning: My friend has never played basketball.)
Example 10
Only once did Halima go to the theatre.
(Meaning: Halima went to the theatre only once.)
22.3 After neither, nor and so in short answers
Note: Inversion is possible after neither, nor and so in short answers.
Examples
Selam: I study English.
Ahmed : So do J. (inversion)
(Meaning: Both Selam and Ahmed study English.) p"
Bacha : I didn’t break the window.
Semira: Nor did I. (inversion) or
: Neither did I. (inversion) x
(Meaning: Neither Bacha nor Semira broke:
22.4 After than and as
Examples Fe
‘Tedi Afro is an Ethiopian, as is Saladin.
A dog can swim well as can a cat. x
Hewan has more books than does her
Fasika is more interested in music.
22.5 With so ...that (so
Note: Inversion is possible
Example 1
She is so beautiful that e
This is the same as:
So beautiful is she that e Je 8
otek natn cont go 10 SNE
‘This is the same 2°" sygoto school. (inversion)
So sick ishe that he cam
22.6 With conditional sentences
canuse inversion to express conditional |
2 You.
Note: Ye" ee
would study hard.
le 2
iglhad seen the thief, [would have informed the
‘This is the same as:
Had Iseen the thief, 1 would have informed the
For more information, S22 93.7. and 23.16.
22.1 After Rdverbs of place
fier adverbial expressions of place 5
their subjects when an adverbial
plsce tha starts with a proposition is put atthe
Example 1
The boy stood atthe top ofthe stair,
This is the same as:
At the top of the stair stood the b
Example 2
An old man sat on the sofa,
‘This is the same as:
On the sofa sat an old man. Note: You cannot use a pronoun subject in the above inversion. The
pronoun they is not used in place of the three boys in the above
inversion.
Under the tree sat the three boys. (correct)
Under the tree sat they. (wrong)
22.8 After here and there
Here and there can come at the beginning of a sentence. In this case,
these place adverbs are followed by go/come/be + noun subject. see
unit 20.2.
Examples
Here comes my friend. (inversion)
There goes my friend. (inversion)
Here’s the thief. (inversion)
Note: Inversion with here/there is impossible when the subject is a
pronoun like he, she, etc. i
Example 1 coe
Here comes my friend. (correct)
Here comes she. (wrong)
(My friend is a noun phrase, and she is a pronoun.)
Example 2 >
Here comes my dog. (correct inversion)
Here comes it. (wrong inversion)
It comes here. (correct)—not inverted 2
(My dog is a noun phrase, and itisa
Note: See the meaning difference between
My friend comes here. (habitual a¢
(Meaning: This is my friend's habit to
Here comes my friend. (an action
(Meaning: My friend is coming no
22.9. Inversion with
Examples 4
Can you play table tennis?
(Can is a modal auxiliary, when, €r \
hen and no sooner,..than can be
22.10. pardly--
iwhets scarcely:
see ae di
carn
farted when my prother arrived,
Hardly
jnversion
ame as: ee
in started when my bro! er af
es a the rain started, my brother arrived.)
bas Example 2
sooner seen the
Thisis the same a8:
er had she seen the hyena
oon as she saw the hyena,
Example 3
Hanna had no sooner sat down on
This i
hyena than she shouted.
than she shouted. (in
she shouted.) _
the sofa than Helen
No sooner ha
(Meaning: As soon
Example 4
We had scareely reached the stadium when
This is the same as:
Scarcely had we reached the stadium when the:
(Meaning: As soon as we reached the stadit d
Note: The inverted from is used in a formal style.
Note: Hardly ... when (before) is the same as sc
but it is more common. :
Examples
Thad hardly opened the door when he c
fred ‘This is the same as:
searcely opened the door when
(Meaning: As soon as 1 opened the
a Related Question
. a at the auditorium.
: guest had arrived C. the
had the guest arrived ; 22.11 University Entrance Ex
Questions
( Inversion)
amination |
dl is the effect of large family mote apparent than in
yuralareas of our country.
A. Anywhere
B. Everywhere
G. Nowhere:
D, Somewhere
it is logical that large families are more common in rural areas than in
towns. In the grammar aspects, nowhere can be put at the eginning of
an inverted statement (see Q. 4&Q.5).
Examples
ather condition nicer than in Addis Ababa.
er than in their town.
Nowhere is the we!
Nowhere is the cost of living high
Cis the correct answer.
Therefore,
Related Question
that he went to ped as soon as he arrived.
; ee
A. 50 exhausted was the man
B, So exhausted the man was
CG. Since exhausted the man
D. Though exhausted the mam ;
Note: This question is about the inversion. Inversion is possible
so+ adjective/adverb + that (see—)-T0 answer this question, 8ee
following example. aun €
Example +o
The man is so old that he cannot walk at night. (Old is an adjes
‘This is the same as: err
So old was the man that he cannot walk at night.
Since exhausted is used as an adjective in the |
correct answer.
t AS See
Aller Dp, sooner
ker aa
aoe about inversion. No sooner goes with
no sooner may come at the b
lens, comes botore the Subiecs aaa
ce,
f a d left the statiol
No soon! Te oon a8 Left the station, the ex
ee rook place means happened.)
‘Thus, D is the correct! answer.
For details, se@ Related (Question $ below Q. 3..
\e!
ein the corner of the hall ___— a policewoman’
friend did not see her.
A . standing C. stands
B. stood, D. has stood
Some adverbs of place start with a preposition li
from, in, up and out. When such adverbs come al
sentence, some intransitive verbs (e.g. sit, lie,
before their subjects. In other words, these verbs a
with such adverbs of place. For inversion, s
above question, In the corner of the hall
stand is an intransitive verb.
Examples
In the shade of the tree were lying two
On the sofa sat an overweight woman ct
peed = the explanations and the
-Why not A, C or D?
Past, but these choices are in the
Which one of the .
the gi following alt
‘the given sentence? ig alternatives:
_ earlier ,the A. The doctors: saved his life.
B. The doctors arrived as early a5 possible.
C. the doctors didn't have the necessary facilities.
D. The person died.
the inverted form of impossible conditions. You
This question is about
jpable and impossible conditions(see 23-7)-
can use inversion for impro!
Example
Ifyour daughter had passed the national exam, she would have joined
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University.
‘This is the same a5:
Had your daughter passed the national exam, she would have joined
Addis Ababa Science and Technology Uni ty. (rversion)
(Meaning: Your daughter did not pass UEE, so she didn't join Addis
Ababa University-)
Had they arrived earlier, the doctel
‘This is the same 45:
ifthey had arrived earlier, the doctors would have saved his
(Meaning: The doctors did not arrive earlier, so they did not save
i t is life means “The person dit Re
‘Therefore, D is the correct answer.
zs would have saved his life. Gnversion)
life.
his life.)
ated si
that she had gone abroad, I would not have invited her for our
wedding anniversary:
A. had known CG. Known had
B. Had 1 Known D. fl know
This question is about the inverted form of conditional sentences.
For more information, see 23.7.
Example
IfThad studied hard, I would have passed the exam.
This is the same ast
Had I studied hard, Iwould nave passed the exam.
Therefore, Bis the correct answer.
Related Question 1
jn our school enjoyed the game
*. all of the students
A. Never almost have Cc. st have never
D, Almost never have atl,
This question is
be the subject? and, it aitbulel ¢
the subjects
Bele supper last night t
no sooner
inished mY
C. ne
« tad __—
A amor :[. just about
nardly :
z er No sooner...than 15
4, The burglar is on the run,
hide, 1 believe-
A, anywhere r.
B. somewhere D,
Burglar means robber. ‘On the run mm
Note: Nowhere means not anywhere, and it
(see Q. 1 & 0.5). In this question, “could
Example
Nowhere will you get seca
‘Therelore, C is the correct answer.
Related Question 1
Youare too late.
bell rings.
A. Unies fs
3, However D.
‘Nove: However
Ete ae adjective/adverb
baer or extent, Or howes
Aauetee cal iti, oe
leaning: Ni No. ee 9
Hell make speting see (Meaning: He'll make aspelling error mo matter how carefully he write?!
Note: Cold is an adjective and carefully js an adverb. Fast isan adverb
= the above example. Therefore, Bisa correct answer,
For more information, see unit 27.9;
Related Question 2 a
___ hard Slam wrorked, she couldn't sugreed inte. 4
\. However ¢. Though ‘
D. Although
adverb. In this cage, however
However comes beiore ait adjective’
neans it doesn’t matter how.
Example |
However tich they are, people want more
(Meaning: No matter ‘how rich people are,
Example 2
However hard he studies, he won't pass the exam.
(Meaning: No matter how hard he studies, he won't
Therefore, A is the correct answer.
Note, Hard isan adverb in the above question.
for more information, a00 unit 228 =
could | read your name. Weren't
c.
money:
they want more money.)
5.
A, Nowhere
8. Somewhere D, Everyw:
ig about inversion. (See Q.1 eee” —t—~—
__such a terrific movie,
C. have Iseen
D.1saw
e Never inmy life ____
A. I've seen
B. I don't see
1: When never comes at the beginning of a statement,
rted. Thus, C is the correct answer.
For details, see 22.2, and Q. 7.
6. No sooner had he drunk the coffee- ae
A. he said he wanted more
B, he didn’t like it
C. 1 asked him to take more
D. than he began to feel alert
No sooner ...than, hardly...when/before and scarcely,.
are used in pairs. These expressions are usually used
perfect tense and the simple past tense.
Example 1
He had no sooner drunk beer than he began to talk,
(Meaning: As soon as he drank beer, he began to talk’
No sooner ...than can also be used in inversion.
The above sentence is the same as:
No sooner had he drunk beer than he began to talk:
Example 2
Thad no sooner started teaching than someone
This sentence has the same
No sooner had I started teaching than someone kno
inve!
Sao inversion.) ~
aning: As soon as I started t ing, '
He had ‘ample 3 cal ee
© had no sooner left for England than hi
This is the same as: s ip
No sooner had he left for England than his: aac“ ii}
ate
therefore, D is the correct answer
Related Question 1
No sooner had her father arrived than Chaltu left for Germany.
This means———-——-—-
A. As soon as Chaltu Jeft for Germany, her father arrived.
B. As soon as her father arrived, Chaltu left for Germany:
D, Chaltu didn't see her father as she left for Germany ‘before
he arrived.
Answer:B. Why? To understand and answer ‘this, see the
explanation given above.
ted st
Which one is correct?
A. Helen every day reads the Bible.
B. She sees every Sunday a movie-
C. Seldom have Iseensuch awonderful reception.
D. Hardly she had arrived when the rain started.
Gis the correct answer. ‘Why? Because hardly, seldom, scarcely ever,
etc. are adverbs of frequency Group B (see 29.3) ‘These adverbs can
also be used in inversion. ny Srraion, the awliary werD is Pot PeIaE®
the subject (auxiliary verb + subject +main verb)-
Exam]
le
She could hardly solve the problem.
‘This is the same 35: * :
Hardly could she solve the problem. (inversion) : ,
Note 1 ean inen/before are als0
ote : Hardly-. when/before and scarcely...
used in pair, and they can be used in jnversion. “There had never been such q
q.Another way of saying
Ethiopia before” is oa : o
A. Never had there been sucha revolution in Ethic i
B. “Never there had been such a revolution in Ethiopia ;
C. Never had been such a revolution in Ethiopia bef
D. Never in Ethiopia had been such a revolution b
This question is about inversion with the use of never
frequency Group B).Inversion is possible with
scarcely, no sooner... than , etc. (see 29.3 D) .
Example
He has never taken part in politics.
This is the same as:
Never has he taken part in politics. (inversion)
In the same way, the above question can be expressed as:
There had never been such a revolution in Ethiopia
This is the same as:
Never had there been such a revolution in Ethiopia
Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.
8.Applications are accepted only if you submit
end ofthis month. That is the deadline,
A. later
arrive ‘
(Meaning: You vida ant o'clock
Answer; a "fore 8 o'e Do you think that meats more nutritious ifit fis eaten zaw?
This ic the game ax:
Do you think that meat is more nutritious if eaten raw?
i and 4s are omitted.)
23.10. Even if
‘You can use even if instead of whether i
biichemaahviaredie ox not or even though without
Example 1
Even if he tries to speak to her politely, he will offend her.
This is the samo as:
‘Whether or not he tries to speak to her politely, he will atfand her,
Example 2
Even if he loves her, she won't marry him,
This is the same as;
Whether or:not he loves hor, che won't marry him.
23.11 What if?
Related question
9 she lost her way in Addis Ababa betore she reached Ambo?
C, What if
Alf
D. Where if
B. If not
© is the correct answrer. See the following explanations.
What if means:
what will happen if 2 (in probable condition)
what would happen if? ( in improbable condition)
what would have happened if? (in impossible condition)
What if Ethiopia mines diamond in bulk?
(Meaning; What will happen if Ethiopia mines diamond in bulk?)
What if [ didn't go to the meeting?
(Meaning: What wauld happen if! didn't go to the meeting?)
What if no one had been with you? :
(Meaning; What would have happened if no one had been with you?) phrases SUT jar to if
Question
you return if
DAE ea a) ifitwere nat
ou can bi a
Q. You cat B, unless 'p) ifithad not
¥ D. sot
But for his fat
nat ancif rave nearly ne-samie Marin Ther eee
ier rat is appropriate in the shove qnemiahs Wit were not f
provided Oi ee 286 This is
‘without his f2
For if not
the iollowing words! piu
significant meaning ditt
provided (that)
asiong as.
providing (that)
orrow our Car a!
Jp you on condition that I'm free.
Abebe will be happy provided that he marries that slim
He won't be crihozed so long as he improves lis Conduct
Bat fer hee ot
weNce:
‘This:
on condition that
so long as
ngas youreturn it before me
*
Nore: Youcan use if iti place of as long on condition th
provided that or solongas without 4 significant ye
23.13 But for
Related questi: a
Q. But for her lifeboat, Enguday would have been arog
Thismeang.
4 Enguday did not have a lifeboat and she was dy
B. Enguday was not drowne:
Eke med although she did
©. Enguday would have
lifeboat,
p
© Enigudlay ris
© been drowned if it had not:
drowned di:
Inthe above
C isthe care question, but fox means “atitha
ct answer, The given sentence ¢
Enguday would have been
drowned if it hi (in improbable conditen)
for (in impossible condition)
ip, he-would not get the chance,
the same as
father's help, he would not get the chance:
This 1s also the sarne as:
hout his uld not getthe chance.
| have gol 4 good ob,
would nochawe gat «goed io.
‘this is also the same ai
at her coastless effort, Hiwot wauld notiiave gota good job
Chis is also the same as
ad it not been for har ceaselass elfort, Hiwat woulelmot have 393%
od job. (Meaning. Hiwot gota aod job becalise of her ceaseless
tort.)
. dy used. at
8.1K)
study havd, you will pase the exam (wrong)
tyou will
you will pass the exam. (corteet)
fyou study
iryou would study hard, you would pass tie exalt (wrong)
if you studied hard, you would pass the exam (correct)
ainen, witle, before, alter, ete,(ee6 28.110).
ne clause 1g introduced By
When she will arnve, Wwe will greet her, ( wrong)
When she arrives, We will greet het. (correct)
amas Gemnira will enter the room she wil siasl tee°09: (wrong)
ooh ag $ernixa enters the zoom, she will Sart cooking. (correct)
23,14, If only
It is used to express regret. {tis used in the same way 65 Lwe wish
Example 1
only Thad visited the monolithic churches jof Lalibela ww
5 . which one has the nearesi meaning to the given sentence?
If had married her, would have been happy:
A, did not marry her and now I am happy;
B. I married her, but now I am not happy,
C. If she agrees to marry Me, I'll be happy:
D.I did not marry her and now I am not happy:
This question is about the meaning of impossible conditions. In
affirmative statements, impossible conditions are used to express
past conditions that did not happen.
Examples
jf Daniel had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.
(Meaning: Daniel did not pass the exam because he did not study hard.)
A's in EGSECE, she would have been
If Samrawit had scored five
did not score five A’s in EGSECE and now
happy: (Meaning: Samrawit
she is not happy-)
Therefore, D is the correct answer.
For details, se8 23.8.
6 Ithe had not passed his exams,7s father —-~-——-anigry with him.
A, would have been would be
D. is going to be
B. will be
ible conditions. The past perfect tense (. had
Itis also about impos
not passed...) in the ifclause enables us to use apertect
tense (would have +-V9) in the main clause.
Examples :
Ihe had visited Gondar, he would have been happy:
Ifhe had not lived with Rozina, he would have been lazy-
Note: In negative statements, impossible conditions are used 10
express conditions that happened inthe past,
Examples
died hard, he would nat ha
If Daniel had not stu
(Meaning: Daniel passed t exam because
Answer:A.
she continued like this, |
A. would have divorced
B, would diverce not see the criminal. Sa Q, 17 below.
Examples
Unless you finish your homework, don't turn on the TV.
Unless she asks you, don't tell her anything about me,
‘Thus, Cis the correct answer.
WOtfyou waitforme,t ,
A. may come C. had come
B. will come D. would come
‘This question is about probable (likely) condition, In such conditional
sentences, the if-clause is in the simple present tense, and the main
clause is in the simple future tense,
Examples
If you work harder, you will succeed.
ifhe loves Mahlet, he'll marry her.
You can also use may and can in the main clause of probable
conditions to express possibility and ability respectively.
Example
Ifhe wants to go to Addis Ababa, he can buy a plane ticket,
Ifhe goes to Harar, he may visit his friend.
However, the above question is not about possibility. If your friend or
brother waits for you, you are expected to go and meet him/her.
Therefore, B is the correct answer.
1 L They could have all been killed if she the police.
A. had not informed C. did not inform
B. has not informed D. would not have informed.
ion i itis 5). In such
This question is about conditional sentence type Ill (see 23. \ :
conditional sentences, you should use the past perfect tense in the if
clause. Therefore, A is correct answer.
me,
12. would come if you
A invite
B. want to invite
me ie
This question is about conditional sentence type Tr (improbable
C. have invited
D, were to invite
conditions). .
He would come if you invited him.
3 as
hiss the same yite him.
[ would come ty
He wo derals #0 Poy ansiver
mereiore D5 the cor a.
sould have told them what Had app =
5 BE
sbody :
13 danyie g.nasasked we
A, asks yea 1p. will have a5 et a
p. had asker ‘ :
. t impossible ¢ ditions. In this Thisi
about um cing
i the if ig in the past perfect tense and the ma
rence, the U=es
id /might
ft you had pas: dthe exam, you would have joined our
yott had Das h
ie nad phoned Me, [could have asked him.
ee Thus, Bis the correct answer,
14atyou ___ You wouldn't go swimming in that
A, want not to catch a bad cold Ba’
re
ha bad cold
tocatch abad cold
avite
G. would wanin
D. would not want io catch abad cold
improbable conditions, the main clause is in the
(would+ 1) and the if- clause is in the simple past tense: z
Examples 4
ifyou worked hard, you would achieve your
‘
ithe passed the exam, he would b
i e employed.
‘Thus, B is the correct answer, 2
15. We cannot release him
Ait
B.when
Uni i
688 Means if. not (see 23.6), :
Bi a properly
G. ifbaked
D, if bake
an conjunctions (e.g. if, when, while, though), you may omit
canject + verb to be.. (Is , were and are are examples of verb to be.)
sible if the subject is a pronoun like it, he, ete
wy if it is necessary.
is the same as.
wif necessary.
Example 2
. me when you are ready.
‘This is the same as:
me when ready.
¢ ahove explanations and examples, the question cen be
rewntten a5
bread is good if itis baked properly
This is the same as:
good to eat if baled properly,
Therefore, C is the correct answer. Why net A? Because this question
requires a passive verb.
Related Question 2
@you have to either write Dagne a letter oF telephorie him: yhe
will never speale with you again.
A. ifso B. unless:
C. if not D, because
Note: If not means otherwise or oF else (see 23.8),
Example
She should come early; ifnot,
(inthis sentence, if mot means wt
Answer: G -
16.1 wouldn't have listened 10 nim if] ___}e™
AL knew
B. did know
chelimissthe bee 7
she agesn’tcome early:
a:
This question is about
conditional sentenc! Unit 23 -
Conditional Sentences
There are three kinds of conditional sentences;
1, likely / probable condition
3. unlikely/ improbable condition
3, impossible condition
Each of the conditional sentences has two clauses: the if-clause
(dependent clause) and the main clause( independent clause).
Hf clause main clause
IfHelen studies hard, she will pass the exam. (probable)
lf Helen studied hard, she would pass the exam. ¢ improbable)
If Helen had studied hard, she would have passed the exam. (-impossible)
Note: The main clause can also come at the beginning of the sentence.
He will come here if you invite him. (no comma)
They would be happy if they succeeded. (no comma)
He would have been taken to hospital if he jad been sick. (no comma)
23.1 Likely/ probable condition
Ki. Here, the if- clause is in the present tense and the main clause is
normally in the simple future tense (for some , see B
below). A probable ‘condition implies that the action in the if- clause
is quite probable in the present or future.
IfI go to Harrar, I will visit one of my old friends.
(But ] may or may not go to Harrar.) cra s
Our teacher will punish us if we do not bring our books to class.
(But we may or may not bring our books.) +
If Sarah leaves now, she
(But she may or may not leave now.)
He will buy a car if he earns enough money. —
(But he may or may not eam money: 1: ues
aus temporarily lose its colo
c. do
A would D. has
By truth. Therefore, youcany
ion i ut general
This questio® ee set You can also ue s
presen in cause for general truth. ‘Thus, B is the correct,
m i
details, S2¢ the e:
ated, it temporarily loses its colour. (zero
di, it ‘will temporarily lose its colour. _
Ita ruby is he
Htaruby is heate
Note: Isheated is a passive verb in the simple present
What is ‘zero conditional’ seeBb
B. in likely/probable conditions, two simple present t
used in the two clauses to express habitual actions |
truth .This type of construction is called zexo
Ifyou heat ice, it turns to water. (zero conditional) —
Ifyou pour oil on water, it floats. (zero conditional)
Hepa present tenses in both clauses are more.
ly/probable conditions to express general truth.
should know that the simple future tense can also be
clause oe purpose in modern English, See
question. Therefore, the above examples can also be:
Wyon heat ie, twill tern to water :
You pour oil on water, it will float.
0. you reat ed Ousstion
Revd ant tO succeed in life, you
B.rimst i. vay, can, must lw
probable condition. These auxiliaries are used to express
permission, ability, command or advice.
For details about these auxiliaries, see units gand 3 Book 1.
Ifit gets dark, she may not come.
If you want to be promoted, you must work harder.
Tf you want to be successful, study hard. (command)
23.2 Unlikely/ improbable condition
‘The if-clause is in the simple past , and the main clause is in the present
conditional (would + v;).The past tense is not a true past. Itis used to
show unreality or improbability (see [and B below).Like the probable
condition, the improbable condition refers to future or present time
although the tense is in the past. This conditional sentence jg used to:
i. Express unreal conditions, Le, it indicates imaginary
situations, or contrary to facts.
If she were a bird, she would fly.
(put she is not a pird and she cannot fly.)
If [were you ,| would read different books.( but I am not you.)
If we were rich, we would buy cars. (but we are not rich.)
Ifshe were a spinster jshe would marry Gemechu.
(but she is not a spinster.) é
Note: If... were is usually toed instead of 1. was with both singoist
and plural subjects in 1
generally advised to use Were
plural subjects although was is
Related Question
Hanna would be i
having obsolete outlooks.
A. will oblige G had obliged
B, would oblige D.
since the main clause (Hanna would Be
conditional tense, the if-clause £7 Lt a Oe ee ae
jess probab
, pet yg elas 19 APPS
ac per came into my room at night, [would she
Ita robbe! er does not expect & robber to co
bat ine speak
goiommon studied hard, he would pass the exas
bat the speaker does not think Solomon wills