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Types of Claims

The document discusses three types of claims: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Claims of fact make assertions that can be proven or disproven with evidence. Claims of value argue whether something is good or bad. Claims of policy argue what conditions should exist or actions should be taken to solve a problem. The document provides examples of each type of claim and encourages readers to take a self-test to strengthen their understanding of the different types of claims.

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85 views6 pages

Types of Claims

The document discusses three types of claims: claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Claims of fact make assertions that can be proven or disproven with evidence. Claims of value argue whether something is good or bad. Claims of policy argue what conditions should exist or actions should be taken to solve a problem. The document provides examples of each type of claim and encourages readers to take a self-test to strengthen their understanding of the different types of claims.

Uploaded by

Behappy 89
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Claims

Claims usually fall into one of three types:

1. Claims of fact
2. Claims of value
3. Claims of policy

Claims of Fact

A claim of fact makes an assertion about something that can be proved or disproved
with factual evidence. However, keep in mind the basic quality of claims, that they have
to be debatable, and offer an assertion about an issue. So, a claim of fact for a logical
argument cannot simply consist of a statistic or proven fact. It needs, instead, to focus
on an assertion which uses facts to back it up, but for which the evidence might still be
debatable.

Inappropriate claim of fact – a statistic or fact that is not debatable:

“The month of March 2017 was 1.03°C (1.9°F) above the 20th century average—this
marked the first time the monthly temperature departure from average surpassed 1.0°C
(1.8°F) in the absence of an El Niño episode in the tropical Pacific Ocean.” (From the
U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
NOAA, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201713 )

Appropriate claim of fact – makes a claim that is debatable using factual evidence

Decreasing carbon dioxide emissions from car exhaust, manufacturing processes,


fertilizers, and landfills, while slowing deforestation, may help slow the process of global
warming.

Claims of Value
A claim of value argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than
another thing.

Sample claims of value:

It’s better to apply good nutritional choices at home than teach them at school, because
good nutrition then becomes ingrained in the child’s experience.

Although immunotherapy has produced some good results in fighting cancer, overall, it
is less effective than chemotherapy.

Claims of Policy

A claim of policy argues that certain conditions should exist, or that something should or
should not be done, in order to solve a problem.

Sample claims of policy:


The city’s board of education should institute an honors program not only for high
school students, but for elementary and junior high school students as well.

Just as smoking ads have been banned in order to decrease the urge to engage in an
unhealthy behavior, soda ads should be banned for the same reason.

No matter the type of claim, you will usually combine many types of support for that
claim in order to write a logical argument, including facts, case studies, reasons,
personal interviews, and more, as appropriate.

Click here for more explanation about types claims.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0mDvT9FeOg

TRY IT

To strengthen your understanding of types of claims, take this nine question self-test.
See if you can identify which type of claim the statement is making, then check the
answer.
1. Vaping can lead to increased blood pressure, lung disease, and
insulin resistance.

2. The basic keys to success are perseverance and discipline.

3. Studies have shown that exposure to violent media is a risk factor


for violent behaviors.

4. The Career Support Network is an excellent resource for people


who are considering a mid-life career change.

5. In order to ensure that graduates are competitive for top jobs in


their fields, the college must put additional resources into its
career services office and internship programs.

6. Although the International Astronomical Union announced that


Pluto is not actually a planet, experts disagree on what
characteristics define a planet.

7. Increased investments in solar power will benefit national security


by reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
8. Parents should not only be aware of how their children are using
social media, but also understand the potential positive and
negative impacts of social media use.

9. Advances in computer modeling have made it possible to create


completely new types of architectural structures.
Activity 2.

Multiple-choice
Read and identify the types of claims used in the statement.
1.The use of civil disobedience during the Martial Law struggle was reasonable, moral, and necessary.

answer choices

a. Claim of Fact

b. Claim of Value

c. Claim of Policy

2.The private ownership of automatic and semi-automatic weapons in the Philippines should be
banned.

answer choices

a. Claim of Fact

b. Claim of Value

c. Claim of Policy

3.The possibility of an asteroid or meteor hitting Earth is great enough that the Federal government
should be finding plans to prevent it.

answer choices

a. Claim of Fact

b. Claim of Value

c. Claim of Policy

4.The death penalty if used in the Philippines will be ineffective and impractical.

answer choices

a. Claim of Fact
b. Claim of Value

c. Claim of Policy

5. The death penalty if applied in the Philippines will be immoral.

answer choices

a. Claim of Fact

b. Claim of Value

c. Claim of Policy

6. Recovered memory should be disallowed as evidence in Philippine courts.

answer choices

a. Claim of Fact

b. Claim of Value

b. Claim of Policy

7.Opera is not as entertaining as musical comedy.

answer choices

a. Claim of Fact

b. Claim of Value

c. Claim of Policy

8. Generally, public secondary schools in America are not adequately preparing students for college.

answer choices

a. Claim of Fact

b. Claim of Value

c. Claim of Policy

9. Fetal tissue research should not be funded by the Philippine government.

answer choices

a. Claim of Fact

b. Claim of Value

c. Claim of Policy
10. Fetal tissue research is wrong.

answer choices

a. Claim of Fact

b. Claim of Value

c. Claim of Policy

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