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Physics Investegatory Project Adwait

The document is a CBSE investigatory project report submitted by Adwait Raj Jain for class 12 on the topic "Effects of Temperature on Magnet". It includes an introduction describing magnets and magnetic fields, a theory section on permanent magnets and their properties. It then outlines an experiment aiming to determine how the strength of a magnet is affected by increasing temperature. The experiment involves measuring the number of paperclips attracted to the magnet at different temperatures. The results show that initially the number attracted increases with decreasing temperature up to a point, after which it decreases with further temperature drops. The conclusion is that magnetic materials require a balance of temperature and magnetic domains, and extreme temperatures can destabilize this balance.

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Chaitali agarwal
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229 views12 pages

Physics Investegatory Project Adwait

The document is a CBSE investigatory project report submitted by Adwait Raj Jain for class 12 on the topic "Effects of Temperature on Magnet". It includes an introduction describing magnets and magnetic fields, a theory section on permanent magnets and their properties. It then outlines an experiment aiming to determine how the strength of a magnet is affected by increasing temperature. The experiment involves measuring the number of paperclips attracted to the magnet at different temperatures. The results show that initially the number attracted increases with decreasing temperature up to a point, after which it decreases with further temperature drops. The conclusion is that magnetic materials require a balance of temperature and magnetic domains, and extreme temperatures can destabilize this balance.

Uploaded by

Chaitali agarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

CBSE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

2022-2023

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

GRADE AND SECTION: 12

TOPIC OF THE PROJECT: THE DEPENDENCE OF


EFFECTS ON MAGNET

CBSE REGISTRATION NUMBER:

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE: ADWAIT RAJ JAIN

1|Page
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ADWAIT RAJ JAIN of class 12A has


successfully completed his/her project on topic EFFECTS OF
TEMPERATURE ON MAGNET as prescribed by CBSE during the
academic year 2022-2023 under the guidance of Mr. Siddalingesh R
Akki.

Signature of internal Signature of external

2|Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher

Mr.SIDDALINGESH R AKKI, our principal Mrs. JYOTHI MENON and

coordinator Mrs. RAJINI A who gave me the golden opportunity to complete this

project on the topic (Write the topic name capital and bold ). It helped me in doing

a lot of Research and i came to know about a lot of things related to this topic.

Finally, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a

lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

3|Page
INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 THEORY
 EXPERIMENT
-AIM
-REQUIREMENT
-THEORY
-PROCEDURE
-OBSERVATIONS
 RESULT
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

4|Page
INTRODUCTION

A magnet is a material or object that produces magnetic field. This


magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable
property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials
such as iron.
A magnet is any object that produces a magnetic field. Some magnets,
referred to as permanent, hold their magnetism without any external
electric current. A magnet like this can be created by exposing a piece of
metal containing iron to a number of situations (i.e. repeatedly jarring
the metal, heating to high temperature). Soft magnets on the other hand,
are those that lose their magnetic charge properties overtime.
Additionally paramagnets are those that can become magnetic only in
presence of an external magnetic field.
A magnetic field is the space surrounding the magnet where the
magnetic field is exerted. The motion of negatively charged electrons in
magnet determines not only the polarity but also the strength of the
magnet. Magnets are filled with magnetic lines of force. These lines
originate at the north pole and carry on till the south pole.

5|Page
THEORY

A magnet is a material or object that produces magnetic field. This


magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable
property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials
such as iron.
A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is
magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. An everyday
example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator
door. Materials that can be magnetized are also the ones strongly
attached to a magnet are called ferromagnetic. These include iron,
nickel, cobalt and some naturally occurring minerals like lodestone.
Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into “soft” materials like
annealed iron, which can be magnetized but do not tend to stay
magnetized. Permanent magnets are made from “hard” ferromagnetic
materials such as alnico and ferrite that are subjected to a special
processing in a powerful magnetic field during manufacture, to align
their inner microcrystalline structure, making them very hard to
demagnetize. To demagnetize a saturated magnet, a certain magnetic
field must be applied and this threshold depends on coercivity of the
respective material. “Hard” materials have high coercivity, whereas
“soft” materials have low coercivity.
The overall strength of a magnet is measured by its magnetic moment or
the magnetic flux it produces.

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EXPERIMENT

AIM: To determine the effect of increasing temperature of strength of


magnet.
APPARATUS:
 1 permanent bar magnet
 Tongs for magnet
 Insulating container
 Three strong bowls
 Burner or oven for heating
 Paper clips (1000)

THEORY:
A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This
magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable
property of a magnet: a force that repels or attracts magnets.

PROCEDURE:
1. Paper clips are placed in a bowl
2. Magnet being used for experiment is weighed and weight is
recorded
3. Magnet is placed in the oven and heated to the highest possible
temperature
4. Magnet is allowed to reach the same temperature as the oven
5. The magnet is then placed in a bowl which has paper clips in it.
(for picking up the magnet oven mitts may be used)

7|Page
6. The amount of paper clips attached to the magnet is counted and
recorded
7. Step 5 and 6 are repeated for magnet at different temperatures.

OBSERVATIONS:

TEMPERATURE WEIGHT NO OF PINS


ATTACHED
200 200 134
180 210 140
160 230 153
140 210 141
120 230 151
100 220 146
24 124 82

RESULT:
The graph indicates that initially as temperature decreases, the number
of pins attracted by the magnet also increases but up to a certain limit.
Later as the temperature decreases, the number of pins attracted by the
magnet also decreases.
CONCLUSION:
Magnetic materials should maintain balance between temperature and
magnetic domains. However when exposed to extreme temperatures this
balance is destabilized.

8|Page
Heat can result in loss of magnetic properties, in other words too much
heat can ruin a magnet. Excessive heat causes more atoms to move
rapidly, disturbing the magnetic domains. As the atoms are sped up, the
percentage of magnetic domain spinning in the same direction decreases.
This is lack of cohesion weakens the magnetic force and eventually
demagnetizes entirely.

9|Page
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.sciencebuddies.com
 www.technopedia.com
 www.slideshare.com
 Ncert grade 12 textbook

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