Investigatory

Project

Topic: Effects of temperature

of magnet

(Physics)
Name :
Class:
Roll no:
2024-2025
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My Sincere efforts have made me to

accomplish the task of completing this
project. I have taken effort in this
project. However, it would not have
been possible without the kind support
and help of many individuals.

I would like to express my sincere

gratitude to our HOD Mrs. UMA and the
school for providing me with facilities
required to do my project.
I am highly indebted to my Physics
Teacher I Mrs.CHIDAMBARA VADIVOO
for her valuable

guidance which has promoted my

efforts in all the stages of this project
work. Ply thanks and appreciation go to
my classmates in developing my project
and to the people who have willingly
helped me out with their abilities.
 INDEX

 Introduction
 Theory
 Experiment
o Aim
o Requirement
o Theory
o Procedure
o Observation
 Result
 Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION
A magnet is a material or objects that
Produces magnetic field. This magnetic
field is invisible but is responsible for
the most notable property of a magnet:
a force that Pulls on other ferromagnetic
materials Such as iron, and attracts or
repels other magnets.
A magnet is any object
that produces a
magnetic field. Some
magnets, referred to
as permanent, hold
their magnetism
without an external
electric current. A
magnet of this nature
can be created by
exposing a piece of metal containing
iron to a number of situations (i.e.,
repeatedly-jarring the metal, heating to
high temperature). Soft magnets, on the
other hand, are those that lose their
magnetic charge properties over time.
Additionally, paramagnetic objects
are those that can become magnetic
only when in the presence of an
external magnetic field.
A magnetic field is the space
surrounding a magnet in which
magnetic force is exerted. The motion of
negatively charged electrons in the
magnet determines not only the
polarity, bru also the strength of the
magnet (Cold magnet). Magnets are
filled
with magnetic lines of force. These lines
originate at the north pole of the
magnet and Continue to the South Pole.
The north pole is positive. Magnetic
lines of force do not intersect one
another.
Magnetism is created by the alignment
of small domains within a specific set of
metal. These domains function as aIl
atoms do, thus the temperature affects
the movement.
The higher the heat, the greater the
energy, and as such the movement of
the
particles. In contrast, cold temperature
slows the movement (Magnetic Field
Strength and Low Temperatures).
Slower movement leads to more fixed
directions in terms of the domains.

THEORY
A magnet is a material or object that
produces a Magnetic field. This
magnetic field is invisible but is
responsible for the most notable
property of a magnet: a force that pulls
on other ferromagnetic materials, such
Rs iron, and attracts or repels other
magnets.
A permanent magnet is an object made
from a material that is magnetized and
creates its own persistent magnetic
field. An everyday example is a
refrigerator magnet used to hold notes
on a refrigerator door. Materials that
can be magnetized, which are also the
ones that are strongly attracted to a
magnet, are called ferromagnetic (or
ferrimagnetic). These include iron,
nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth
metals, and some naturally occurring
minerals such as lodestone. Although
ferrimagnetic (and ferrimagnetic)
materials arc the only ones attracted to
a magnet strongly enough to be
commonly considered magnetic, all
other substances respond weakly to a
magnetic field, by one of several other
types of magnetism.
Ferromagnetic materials can be divided
into magnetically "soft" materials like
annealed iron, which can be magnetized
but do not tend to stay magnetized, and
magnetically "hard" materials, which do.
Permanent magnets are made from
"hard" ferromagnetic materials such as
alnico and ferrite that are subjected to
special processing in a powerful
magnetic field during manufacture, to
align their internal microcrystalline
structure, making them very hard to
demagnetize. To demagnetize a
saturated magnet, a certain magnetic
field wrist be applied, and this threshold
depends on coercivity of the respective
material. "Hard" materials have high
coercivity, whereas "soft" materials
have low coercivity.
The overall strength of a magnet is
measured by its magnetic moment or,
alternatively, the total magnetic flux it
produces. The local strength Df
magnetism in a material is measured by
its magnetization.

EXPERIMENT
Aim:
To determine the effect of
increasing temperature on strength of
magnet

Apparatus:
• 1 permanent bar
magnet
• Tongs for magnet
• Insulating container
• Three strong bowls
• Burner for heating or
oven
• Paper clips (1000)
Theory :
A magnet is a material or object that
produces a magnetic field. This
magnetic field is invisible but is
responsible for the most notable
property of a magnet: a force that pulls
on other ferromagnetic materials, such
as iron, and attracts or repels other
magnets.
Procedure:
1. Paperclips were placed in a
bowl.
2. The magnet was weighted and
recorded.
3. The magnet was placed in
oven set to highest temperature
possible.
4. The magnet was allowed to
reach the temperature of the
oven.
5. The magnet was then placed
in a bowl filled with paperclips.
6. The amount of paper clips
attracted by the magnet was
weighed and recorded.
7. The steps 5 and 6 were
repeated after setting the oven at
 different temperatures rind the
quantity of paper clips attracted
was weighed.

OBSERVATION:

Temperatur Weight No of pins

e attracted by
magnet
200 200 134
180 210 140
160 230 153
140 210 141
120 230 151
100 220 146
24 124 82
 Result
The graph indicates that initially as the
temperature decreases, the number of
pins attracted by the magnet also
increases but up to Ft certain limit.
Later as the temperature decreases, the
number of pins attracted by the magnet
also decreases.

CONCLUSION
Magnetic materials should maintain a
balance between temperature and
magnetic domains (the atoms
inclination to spin in a certain
direction).when exposed to extreme
temperatures, however this balance is
destabilized.
Heart can result in the loss of magnetic
properties. In others words, too much
heat can completely ruin a magnet.
Excessive heat causes atom to move
more rapidly, disturbing the magnetic
domains. As the atoms are speed up,
the percentage of magnetic domain
spinning in the same direction
decreases. This lack of cohesion
weakness the magnetic force and
eventually demagnetizes it entirely.

BIBLIOGTAPHY /
WEBLIOGRAPHY

o www.sciencebuddies.com
o www.technopedia.com
o NCERT class XII Physics
o www.slideshare.com