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Physics Project

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20 views14 pages

Physics Project

Uploaded by

aishwanth676
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Investigatory

Project

Topic:

Name :
Class:
Roll no:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My Sincere efforts have made me to accomplish


the task of completing this project. I have taken
effort in this project. However, it would not have
been possible without the kind support and help
of many individuals.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to


our HOD Mrs. UMA and the school for providing
me with facilities required to do my project.
I am highly indebted to my Physics Teacher I
Mrs.CHIDAMBARA VADIVOO for her valuable

guidance which has promoted my efforts in all


the stages of this project work. Ply thanks and
appreciation go to my classmates in developing
my project and to the people who have willingly
helped me out with their abilities.
INDEX

 Introduction
 Theory
 Experiment
o Aim
o Requirement
o Theory
o Procedure
o Observation
 Result
 Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
A magnet is a material or objects that Produces
magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but
is responsible for the most notable property of a
magnet: a force that Pulls on other
ferromagnetic materials Such as iron, and
attracts or repels other magnets.

A magnet is any object


that produces a magnetic
field. Some magnets,
referred to as permanent,
hold their magnetism
without an external
electric current. A magnet
of this nature can be
created by exposing a
piece of metal containing iron to a number of
situations (i.e., repeatedly-jarring the metal,
heating to high temperature). Soft magnets, on
the other hand, are those that lose their
magnetic charge properties over time.
Additionally, paramagnetic objects are those
that can become magnetic only when in the
presence of an external magnetic field.
A magnetic field is the space surrounding a
magnet in which magnetic force is exerted. The
motion of negatively charged electrons in the
magnet determines not only the polarity, bru
also the strength of the magnet (Cold magnet).
Magnets are filled
with magnetic lines of force. These lines
originate at the north pole of the magnet and
Continue to the South Pole. The north pole is
positive. Magnetic lines of force do not intersect
one another.
Magnetism is created by the alignment of small
domains within a specific set of metal. These
domains function as aIl atoms do, thus the
temperature affects the movement.
The higher the heat, the greater the energy, and
as such the movement of the
particles. In contrast, cold temperature slows
the movement (Magnetic Field Strength and
Low Temperatures). Slower movement leads to
more fixed directions in terms of the domains.
THEORY
A magnet is a material or object that produces a
Magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but
is responsible for the most notable property of a
magnet: a force that pulls on other
ferromagnetic materials, such Rs iron, and
attracts or repels other magnets.
A permanent magnet is an object made from a
material that is magnetized and creates its own
persistent magnetic field. An everyday example
is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a
refrigerator door. Materials that can be
magnetized, which are also the ones that are
strongly attracted to a magnet, are called
ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include
iron, nickel, cobalt, some alloys of rare earth
metals, and some naturally occurring minerals
such as lodestone. Although ferrimagnetic (and
ferrimagnetic) materials arc the only ones
attracted to a magnet strongly enough to be
commonly considered magnetic, all other
substances respond weakly to a magnetic field,
by one of several other types of magnetism.
Ferromagnetic materials can be divided into
magnetically "soft" materials like annealed iron,
which can be magnetized but do not tend to
stay magnetized, and magnetically "hard"
materials, which do. Permanent magnets are
made from "hard" ferromagnetic materials such
as alnico and ferrite that are subjected to
special processing in a powerful magnetic field
during manufacture, to align their internal
microcrystalline structure, making them very
hard to demagnetize. To demagnetize a
saturated magnet, a certain magnetic field wrist
be applied, and this threshold depends on
coercivity of the respective material. "Hard"
materials have high coercivity, whereas "soft"
materials have low coercivity.
The overall strength of a magnet is measured by
its magnetic moment or, alternatively, the total
magnetic flux it produces. The local strength Df
magnetism in a material is measured by its
magnetization.
EXPERIMENT

Aim:
To determine the effect of increasing
temperature on strength of magnet

Apparatus:
• 1 permanent bar magnet
• Tongs for magnet
• Insulating container
• Three strong bowls
• Burner for heating or oven
• Paper clips (1000)
Theory :
A magnet is a material or object that
produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is
invisible but is responsible for the most notable
property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other
ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, and
attracts or repels other magnets.
Procedure:
1. Paperclips were placed in a bowl.
2. The magnet was weighted and recorded.
3. The magnet was placed in oven set to
highest temperature possible.
4. The magnet was allowed to reach the
temperature of the oven.
5. The magnet was then placed in a bowl
filled with paperclips.
6. The amount of paper clips attracted by
the magnet was weighed and recorded.
7. The steps 5 and 6 were repeated after
setting the oven at different
temperatures rind the quantity of paper
clips attracted was weighed.
OBSERVATION:

Temperature Weight No of pins


attracted by
magnet
200 200 134
180 210 140
160 230 153
140 210 141
120 230 151
100 220 146
24 124 82
Result
The graph indicates that initially as the
temperature decreases, the number of pins
attracted by the magnet also increases but up
to Ft certain limit.
Later as the temperature decreases, the number
of pins attracted by the magnet also decreases.

CONCLUSION
Magnetic materials should maintain a balance
between temperature and magnetic domains
(the atoms inclination to spin in a certain
direction).when exposed to extreme
temperatures, however this balance is
destabilized.
Heart can result in the loss of magnetic
properties. In others words, too much heat can
completely ruin a magnet. Excessive heat causes
atom to move more rapidly, disturbing the
magnetic domains. As the atoms are speed up,
the percentage of magnetic domain spinning in
the same direction decreases. This lack of
cohesion weakness the magnetic force and
eventually demagnetizes it entirely.

BIBLIOGTAPHY / WEBLIOGRAPHY

o www.sciencebuddies.com
o www.technopedia.com
o NCERT class XII Physics
o www.slideshare.com

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