B.Tech. (Agril. Engg.

) Course curricula as per Vth Deans'

Committee to be approved by AC on 15.10.2016

Semester 2017-18
(B. Tech. Agricultural Engineering)

Syllabus

Baba Sahab Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar

College of Agril. Engineering & Technology
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Ag & Technology
Campus-Etawah-206001

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 B.Tech. (Agril Engg.) Course curricula as per Vth Deans'
Committee to be approved by AC on 15.10.2016
S. No. Department with number of courses and Course title Credit Hour

Dept. of Basic Engineering Applied Sciences 75 (45+30)

Basic Engineering (18) 44 (25+19)
1 Surveying and Levelling 3(1+2)
2 Engineering Mechanics 3(2+1)
3 Strength of Materials 2(1+1)
4 Design of Structures 2(1+1)
5 Fluid Mechanics and Open Channel Hydraulics 3(2+1)
6 Building Construction and Cost Estimation 2(2+0)
7 Soil Mechanics 2(1+1)
8 Engineering Drawing 2(0+2)
9 Workshop Technology and Practice 3(1+2)
10 Heat and Mass Transfer 2(2+0)
11 Machine Design 2(2+0)
12 Auto CAD Applications 2(0+2)
13 Thermodynamics, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 3(2+1)
14 Theory of Machines 2(2+0)
15 Electrical Machines and Power Utilization 3(2+1)
16 Applied Electronics and Instrumentation 3(2+1)
17 Computer Programming and Data Structures 3(1+2)
18 Web Designing and Internet Applications 2(1+1)
Applied Sciences (11) 31(20+11)
1 Principles of Agronomy 3(2+1)
2 Principles of Soil Science 3(2+1)
3 Principles of Horticultural Crops and Plant Protection 2(1+1)
4 Engineering Physics 3(2+1)
5 Engineering Chemistry 3(2+1)
6 Engineering Mathematics-I 3(2+1)
7 Engineering Mathematics-II 3(2+1)
8 Engineering Mathematics-III 3(2+1)
9 Communication Skills and Personality Development 2(1+1)
10 Entrepreneurship Development and Business Management 3(2+1)
11 Environmental Science and Disaster Management 3(2+1)
Dept. of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering (4) 10(6+4)
1 Watershed Hydrology 2(1+1)
2 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 3(2+1)
3 Water Harvesting and Soil Conservation Structures 3(2+1)
4 Watershed Planning and Management 2(1+1)
Dept. of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (4) 10(6+4)
1 Irrigation Engineering 3(2+1)
2 Drainage Engineering 2(1+1)
3 Groundwater, Wells and Pumps 3(2+1)
4 Sprinkler and Micro Irrigation Systems 2(1+1)

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 Dept. of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering (5) 14(8+6)
1 Farm Machinery and Equipment-I 3(2+1)
2 Farm Machinery and Equipment-II 3(2+1)
3 Tractor and Automotive Engines 3(2+1)
4 Tractor Systems and Controls 3(2+1)
5 Tractor and Farm Machinery Operation and Maintenance 2(0+2)
Dept. of Processing and Food Engineering (5) 13(8+5)
1 Engineering Properties of Agricultural Produce 2(1+1)
2 Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control 3(2+1)
3 Post Harvest Engineering of Cereals, Pulses and Oil Seeds 3(2+1)
4 Post Harvest Engineering of Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)
5 Dairy and Food Engineering 3(2+1)
Dept. of Renewable Energy Engineering (3) 9(6+3)
1 Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Sources 3(2+1)
2 Renewable Power Sources 3(2+1)
3 Bio-energy Systems: Design and Applications 3(2+1)
Elective Courses (Any 3 courses) 9 (6+3)
1 Floods and Control Measures 3(2+1)
2 Wasteland Development 3(2+1)
3 Information Technology for Land and Water Management 3(2+1)
4 Remote Sensing and GIS Applications 3(2+1)
5 Management of Canal Irrigation System 3(2+1)
6 Minor Irrigation and Command Area Development 3(2+1)
7 Precision Farming Techniques for Protected Cultivation 3(2+1)
8 Water Quality and Management Measures 3(2+1)
9 Landscape Irrigation Design and Management 3(2+1)
10 Plastic Applications in Agriculture 3(2+1)
11 Mechanics of Tillage and Traction 3(2+1)
12 Farm Machinery Design and Production 3(2+1)
13 Human Engineering and Safety 3(2+1)
14 Tractor Design and Testing 3(2+1)
15 Hydraulic Drives and Controls 3(2+1)
16 Precision Agriculture and System Management 3(2+1)
17 Food Quality and Control 3(2+1)
18 Food Plant Design and Management 3(2+1)
19 Food Packaging Technology 3(2+1)
20 Development of Processed Products 3(2+1)
21 Process Equipment Design 3(2+1)
22 Photovoltaic Technology and Systems 3(2+1)
23 Waste and By-products Utilization 3(2+1)
24 Artificial Intelligence 3(3+0)
25 Mechatronics 3(2+1)
Total course work Credit Hours (140) 140 (85+55)
Educational tour (During first week of January) 2 (0+2)
One-year Student READY (Rural and Entrepreneurship Awareness 40 (0+40)
Development Yojana) programme

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 8-weeks Skill Development Trainings (I and II, each of 4-weeks) during 10 (0+10)
semester break after IVth and VIth semester
10- weeks Industrial Attachment/ Internship 10 (0+10)
10- weeks Experiential Learning On campus 10 (0+10)
20-weeks Project Planning and Report Writing 10 (0+10)
Total Credit Hours Load of B. Tech. (Agricultural Engineering) 182 (85+97)

Semester wise distribution of courses

Semester-I
S.No. Course Code Title of the courses Credit
hours
1 BSH 101 Engineering Mathematics-I 3(2+1)
2 BSH 102 Engineering Physics 3(2+1)
3 BSH 103 Engineering Chemistry 3(2+1)
4 AGS 101 Principles of Soil Science 3(2+1)
5 CED 101 Surveying and Levelling 3(1+2)
6 CED 102 Engineering Mechanics 3(2+1)
7 CED 103 Engineering Drawing 2(0+2)
8 MED 101 Heat and Mass Transfer 2(2+0)
Total 22 (13+9)
Semester-II
S.No. Course Title of the courses Credit
Code hours
1 BSH 104 Engineering Mathematics-II 3(2+1)
2 BSH 105 Environmental Science and Disaster Management 3(2+1)
3 AGS 102 Entrepreneurship Development and Business 3(2+1)
Management
4 CED 104 Fluid Mechanics and Open Channel Hydraulics 3(2+1)
5 CED 105 Strength of Materials 2(1+1)
6 MED 102 Workshop Technology and Practices 3(1+2)
7 MED 103 Theory of Machines 2(2+0)
8 CSE 101 Web Designing and Internet Applications 2(1+1)
Total 21 (13+8)

Semester-III
S.No. Course Title of the courses Credit hours
Code
1 AGS 201 Principles of Horticultural Crops and Plant Protection 2(1+1)
2 AGS 202 Principles of Agronomy 3(2+1)
3 BSH 201 Communication Skills and Personality Development 2(1+1)
4 BSH 202 Engineering Mathematics-III 3(2+1)
5 CED 201 Soil Mechanics 2(1+1)
6 CED 202 Design of Structures 2(1+1)
7 MED 201 Machine Design 2(2+0)
8 MED 202 Thermodynamics, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 3(2+1)
9 ECE 201 Electrical Machines and Power Utilization 3(2+1)
Total 22 (14+8)
Semester-IV

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S.No. Course Title of the courses Credit
Code hours
1 CED 203 Building Construction and Cost Estimation 2(2+0)
2 CSE 201 Auto CAD Applications 2(0+2)
3 ECE 202 Applied Electronics and Instrumentation 3(2+1)
4 FME 201 Tractor and Automotive Engines 3(2+1)
5 PFE 201 Engineering Properties of Agricultural Produce 2(1+1)
6 SWE 201 Watershed Hydrology 2(1+1)
7 IDE 201 Irrigation Engineering 3(2+1)
8 IDE 202 Sprinkler and Micro Irrigation Systems 2(1+1)
9 REE 201 Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Sources 3(2+1)
Total 22 (13+9)
Skill Development Training-I summer Break June-July after 4th Semester
(Student READY)

Semester-V
S.No. Course Title of the courses Credit hours
Code
1 FME 301 Tractor Systems and Controls 3(2+1)
2 FME 302 Farm Machinery and Equipment-I 3(2+1)
3 PFE 301 Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control 3(2+1)
4 PFE 302 Post Harvest Engineering of Cereals, Pulses and Oil 3(2+1)
Seeds
5 SWE 301 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 3(2+1)
6 SWE 302 Watershed Planning and Management 2(1+1)
7 IDE 301 Drainage Engineering 2(1+1)
8 REE 301 Renewable Power Sources 3(2+1)
9 AGE 301 Skill Development Training-I (Student READY) 5(0+5)
Registration only
Total 27 (14+13)

Semester-VI
S.No. Course Title of the courses Credit hours
Code
1 CSE 301 Computer Programming and Data Structures 3(1+2)
2 FME 303 Farm Machinery and Equipment-II 3(2+1)
3 PFE 303 Dairy and Food Engineering 3(2+1)
4 PFE 304 Post Harvest Engineering of Horticultural Crops 2(1+1)
5 SWE 303 Water Harvesting and Soil Conservation Structures 3(2+1)
6 IDE 302 Groundwater, Wells and Pumps 3(2+1)
7 FME 304 Tractor and Farm Machinery Operation and 2(0+2)
Maintenance
8 REE 302 Bio-energy Systems: Design and Applications 3(2+1)
Total 22 (12+10)
Skill Development Training-I summer Break June-July after 4th Semester
(Student READY)

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Semester-VII Student READY (Rural and Entrepreneurship Awareness Development
Yojana)
S.No. Course Title of the courses Credit
Code hours
1 AGE 401 Skill Development Training-II (Student READY) 5(0+5)
Registration only
2 AGE 402 10- weeks Industrial Attachment /Internship (Student 10(0+10)
READY)
3 AGE 403 10- weeks Experiential Learning On campus (Student 10(0+10)
READY)
4 AGE 404 Educational Tour (Registration only) 2 (0+2)
Total 27 (0+27)

Educational Tour during winter/January Break

Semester-VIII Student READY (Rural and Entrepreneurship Awareness Development
Yojana)
S.No. Course Title of the courses Credit hours
Code
1 Elective course 3(2+1)
2 Elective course 3(2+1)
3 Elective course 3(2+1)
4 AGE-405 Project Planning and Report Writing (Student 10(0+10)
READY)
Total 19 (6+13)
Grand Total I to VIII semesters 182 (85+97)

S.No. Course Elective Courses (Any 3 Courses) 9 (6+3)

Code
1 SWE 401 Floods and Control Measures 3(2+1)
2 SWE 402 Wasteland Development 3(2+1)
3 SWE 403 Information Technology for Land and Water 3(2+1)
4 SWE 404 Remote Sensing and GIS Applications 3(2+1)
5 IDE 401 Management of Canal Irrigation System 3(2+1)
6 IDE 402 Minor Irrigation and Command Area Development 3(2+1)
7 IDE 403 Water Quality and Management Measures 3(2+1)
8 IDE 404 Landscape Irrigation Design and Management 3(2+1)
9 FME 401 Tractor Design and Testing 3(2+1)
10 FME 402 Hydraulic Drives and Controls 3(2+1)
11 FME 403 Precision Farming Techniques for Protected 3(2+1)
Cultivation
12 FME 404 Plastic Applications in Agriculture 3(2+1)
13 FME 405 Human Engineering and Safety 3(2+1)
14 FME 406 Precision Agriculture and System Management 3(2+1)

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15 FME 407 Farm Machinery Design and Production 3(2+1)
16 FME 408 Mechanics of Tillage and Traction 3(2+1)
17 FPE 401 Food Packaging Technology 3(2+1)
18 FPE 402 Waste and By-products Utilization 3(2+1)
19 FPE 403 Development of Processed Products 3(2+1)
20 FPE 404 Food Plant Design and Management 3(2+1)
21 FPE 405 Food Quality and Control 3(2+1)
22 FPE 406 Process Equipment Design 3(2+1)
23 REE 401 Photovoltaic Technology and Systems 3(2+1)
24 CSE 401 Artificial Intelligence 3(3+0)
25 MED 401 Mechatronics 3(2+1)
Total course work Credit Hours (140) 140 (85+55)

Department of Basic Engineering and Applied Sciences 73 (44+29)

Basic Engineering 44 (25+19)
Civil Engineering Section 17 (10+7)

1. Surveying and Levelling 3 (1+2)

Theory
Surveying: Introduction, classification and basic principles, Linear measurements. Chain
surveying. Cross staff survey, Compass survey. Planimeter, Errors in measurements, their
elimination and correction. Plane table surveying. Levelling, Leveling difficulties and error in
leveling, Contouring, Computation of area and volume. Theodolite traversing. Introduction
to setting of curves. Total station, Electronic Theodolite. Introduction to GPS survey Practical
Chain survey of an area and preparation of map; Compass survey of an area and plotting of
compass survey; Plane table surveying; Levelling. L section and X sections and its plotting;
Contour survey of an area and preparation of contour map; Introduction of software in
drawing contour; Theodolite surveying; Ranging by Theodolite, Height of object by using
Theodolite; Setting out curves by Theodolite; Minor instruments. Use of total station.
References
Punmia,B C 1987. Surveying (Vol.I). Laxmi Publications, New Delhi. Arora K R 1990.
Surveying(Vol.I), Standard Book House, Delhi.
Kanetkar T P 1993. Surveying and Levelling. Pune Vidyarthi Griha, Prakashan, Pune.

2. Engineering Mechanics 3 (2+1)

Theory
Basic concepts of Engineering Mechanics. Force systems, Centroid, Moment of inertia, Free
body diagram and equilibrium of forces. Frictional forces Analysis of simple framed
structures using methods of joints, methods of sections and graphical method. Simple stresses.
Shear force and bending moment diagrams. Stresses in beams. Torsion. Analysis of plane and
complex stresses.

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Practical
Problems on composition and resolution of forces, moments of a force, couples, transmission
of a couple, resolution of a force into a force & a couple; Problems relating to resultant of;
Co-planer force system, collinear force system, concurrent force system, co-planer concurrent
force system, co-planer non-concurrent force system, Non-coplaner concurrent force system,
Non-coplaner non-concurrent force system, system of couples in space; Problems relating to
centroids of composite areas; Problems on moment of inertia, polar moment of inertia, radius
of gyration, polar radius of gyration of composite areas; Equilibrium of concurrent – co-
planer and non concurrent – co-planer force systems; Problems involving frictional forces;
Analysis of simple trusses by method of joints and method of sections; Analysis of simple
trusses by graphical method; Problems relating to simple stresses and strains; Problems on
shear force and bending moment diagrams; Problems relating to stresses in beams; Problems
on torsion of shafts; Analysis of plane and complex stresses.

References
Sundarajan V 2002. Engineering Mechanics and Dynamics. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Timoshenko S and Young D H 2003. Engineering Mechanics. McGraw Hill Book Co., New
Delhi.
Prasad I B 2004. Applied Mechanics. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
Prasad I B 2004. Applied Mechanics and Strength of Materials. Khanna Publishers, New
Delhi.
Bansal R K 2005. A Text Book of Engineering Mechanics. Laxmi Publishers, New Delhi.

3. Strength of Materials 2 (1+1)

Theory
Slope and deflection of beams using integration techniques, moment area theorems and
conjugate beam method. Columns and Struts. Riveted and welded connections. Stability of
masonry dams. Analysis of statically intermediate beams. Propped beams. Fixed and
continuous beam analysis using superposition, three moment equation and moment
distribution methods.

Practical
To perform the tension test on metal specimen (M.S., C.I.), to observe the behaviour of
materials under load, to calculate the value of E, ultimate stress, permissible stress, percentage
elongation etc. and to study its fracture; To perform the compression test on; Concrete
cylinders &cubes, C.I., M.S. & Wood specimens and to determine various physical and
mechanical properties; To perform the bending test on the specimens; M.S. Girder, Wooden
beam, Plain concrete beams & R.C.C. beam, and to determine the various physical and
mechanical properties; To determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of beam with the help of
deflection produced at centre due to loads placed at centre & quarter points; To study the
behaviour of materials (G.I. pipes, M.S., C.I.) under torsion and to evaluate various elastic
constants; To study load deflection and other physical properties of closely coiled helical
spring in tension and compression; To perform the Rockwell, Vicker’s and Brinell’s Hardness
tests on the given specimens; To perform the Drop Hammer Test, Izod Test and Charpay’s
impact tests on the given specimens; To determine compressive & tensile strength of cement
after making cubes and briquettes; To measure workability of concrete (slump test,
compaction factor test); To determine voids ratio & bulk density of cement, fine aggregates
and coarse aggregates; To determine fatigue strength of a given specimen; To write detail
report emphasizing engineering importance of performing tension, compression, bending,
torsion, impact and hardness tests on the materials.

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References
Khurmi R.S. 2001. Strength of Materials S. Chand & Co., Ltd., New Delhi.
Junarkar S.B. 2001.Mechanics of Structures (Vo-I). Choratar Publishing House, Anand.
Ramamrutham S. 2003. Strengths of Materials. Dhanpat Rai and Sons, Nai Sarak, New Delhi.

4. Design of Structures 2 (1+1)

Theory
Loads and use of BIS Codes. Design of connections. Design of structural steel members in
tension, compression and bending. Design of steel roof truss. Analysis and design of singly
and doubly reinforced sections, Shear, Bond and Torsion. Design of Flanged Beams, Slabs,
Columns, Foundations, Retaining walls and Silos.

Practical
Design and drawing of single reinforced beam, double reinforced beam, Design and drawing
of steel roof truss; Design and drawing of one way, two way slabs, Design and drawing of
RCC building; Design and drawing of Retaining wall. To measure workability of cement by
slump test Suggested Readings Junarkar, S.B. 2001. Mechanics of Structures Vol. I Charotar
Publishing Home, Anand.
Khurmi R. S. 2001. Strength of materials. S. Chand & Company Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New
Delhi
– 110055.
Kumar Sushil 2003. Treasure of R.C.C. Design. R.K. Jain. 1705-A, Nai Sarak , Delhi-
110006, P.B.1074.

5. Fluid Mechanics and Open Channel Hydraulics 3 (2+1)

Theory
Properties of fluids: Ideal and real fluid. Pressure and its measurement, Pascal’s law, pressure
forces on plane and curved surfaces, centre of pressure, buoyancy, meta centre and meta
centric height, condition of floatation and stability of submerged and floating bodies;
Kinematics of fluid flow: Lagrangian and Eulerian description of fluid motion, continuity
equation, path lines, streak lines and stream lines, stream function, velocity potential and flow
net. Types of fluid flow, translation, rotation, circulation and vorticity, Vortex motion;
Dynamics of fluid flow, Bernoulli’s theorem, venturimeter, orifice meter and nozzle, siphon;
Laminar flow: Stress strain relationships, flow between infinite parallel plates both plates
fixed, one plate moving, discharge, average velocity; Laminar and turbulent flow in pipes,
general equation for head loss Darcy, Equation, Moody’s diagram, Minor and major hydraulic
losses through pipes and fittings, flow through network of pipes, hydraulic gradient and
energy gradient; Flow through orifices (Measurement of Discharge, Measurement of
Time),Flow through Mouthpieces, Flow over Notches , Flow over weirs, Chezy’s formula for
loss of head in pipes, Flow through simple and compound pipes, Open channel design and
hydraulics: Chezy’s formula, Bazin’s formula, Kutter’s Manning’s formula, Velocity and
Pressure profiles in open channels, Hydraulic jump; Dimensional analysis and
similitude: Rayleigh’s method and Buckingham’s `Pi’ theorem, types of similarities,
dimensional analysis, dimensionless numbers. Introduction to fluid machinery.

Practical
Study of manometers and pressure gauges; Verification of Bernoulli’s theorem;
Determination of coefficient of discharge of venturi-meter and orifice meter; Determination
of coefficient of friction in pipeline; Determination of coefficient of discharge for rectangular
and triangular notch; Determination of coefficient of discharge, coefficient of velocity and
coefficient of contraction for flow through orifice; Determination of coefficient of discharge

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for mouth piece; Measurement of force exerted by water jets on flat and hemispherical vanes;
Determination of meta-centric height; Determination of efficiency of hydraulic ram;
Performance evaluation of Pelton and Francis turbine; Study of current meter; Velocity
distribution in open channels and determination of Manning’s coefficient of rugosity.
Suggested Readings
Khurmi, R .S. 1970. A Text Book of Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines S.
Chand & Company Limited, New Delhi.
Modi P M and Seth S.M.1973. Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics. Standard Book House,
Delhi.
Chow V T 1983. Open Channel Hydraulics. McGraw Hill Book Co., New Delhi.
LalJagadish 1985. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics. Metropolitan Book Co.Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.

6. Building Construction and Cost Estimation 2(2+0)

Theory
Building Materials: Rocks, Stones, Bricks Properties and varieties of Tiles, Lime, Cement,
Concrete, Sand. Glass, Rubber, Plastics, iron, Steel, Aluminium, Copper, Nickle. Timber.
Building components: Lintels, Arches, stair cases, Different types of floors, Finishing: Damp
Proofing and water proofing, Plastering, pointing, white washing and distempering – Painting,
Building design, Design procedures, Technology, building construction, Types of
agricultural buildings and related needs, application of design theory and practice to the
conservation, sloped and flat roof buildings, construction economics: Preliminary estimates,
Detailed Estimates of Buildings source of cost information, use of cost analyses for
controlling design, Factors affecting building costs; cost evaluation of design and planning
alternatives for building and estate development, Measurement and pricing, Economic
methods for evaluating investments in buildings and building systems: cost-in-use, benefit-to-
costs and savings-to-investment ratios, rate of return, net benefits, payback
Suggested Readings
Punmia B.C. Ashok Kumar Jain and Arun Kumar Jain. Building Construction. Laxmi
Publications (P) ltd., New Delhi.
Duggal S K. Building material. New Age International Publishers. Sane Y.S. Planning and
Designing of Buildings.
Rangwala S C. 1994. Engineering Materials. Charotar Publishing House, Anand. Dutta B.N.
2000. Estimating and Costing. UBS publishers.

7. Soil Mechanics 2 (1+1)

Theory
Introduction of soil mechanics, field of soil mechanics, phase diagram, physical and index
properties of soil, classification of soils, effective and neutral stress, elementary concept of
Boussinesq and Wester guards analysis, new mark influence chart. Seepage Analysis; Quick
condition-two dimensional flow-Laplace equation, Velocity potential and stream function,
Flow net construction. Shear strength, Mohr stress circle, theoretical relationship between
principle stress circle, theoretical relationship between principal stress, Mohr coulomb failure
theory, effective stress principle. Determination of shear parameters by direct shear test,
triangle test & vane shear test. Numerical exercise based on various types of tests.
Compaction, composition of soils standard and modified protector test, abbot compaction
and Jodhpur mini compaction test field compaction method and control. Consolidation of soil:
Consolidation of soils, one dimensional consolidation spring analogy, Terzaghi’s theory,
Laboratory consolidation test, calculation of void ratio and coefficient of volume change,
Taylor’s and Casagrande’s method, determination of coefficient of consolidation. Earth
pressure: plastic equilibrium in soils, active and passive states, Rankine’s theory of earth

10
pressure, active and passive earth pressure for cohesive soils, simple numerical exercises.
Stability of slopes: introduction to stability analysis of infinite and finite slopes friction circle
method, Taylor’s stability number.

Practical
Determination of water content of soil; Determination of specific gravity of soil;
Determination of field density of soil by core cutter method; Determination of field density by
sand replacement method; Grain size analysis by sieving (Dry sieve analysis); Grain size
analysis by hydrometer method; Determination of liquid limit by Casagrande’s method;
Determination of liquid limit by cone penetrometer and plastic limit; Determination of
shrinkage limit; Determination of permeability by constant head method; Determination of
permeability by variable head method; Determination of compaction properties by standard
proctor test; Determination of shear parameters by Direct shear test; Determination of
unconfined compressive strength of soil; Determination of shear parameters by Tri-axial test;
Determination of consolidation properties of soils.
Suggested Readings
Punmia B C, Jain A K and Jain A K. 2005. Soil Mechanics and Foundations. Laxmi
Publications (P) Ltd. New Delhi.
Ranjan Gopal and Rao A S R. 1993. Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics. Welley Easters Ltd.,
New Delhi.
Singh Alam. 1994. Soil Engineering Vol. I. CBS Publishers and Distributions, Delhi.

(i) Mechanical Engineering Section 16 (9+7)

1. Engineering Drawing 2 (0+2)
Practical
Introduction of drawing scales; First and third angle methods of projection. Principles of
orthographic projections; References planes; Points and lines in space and traces of lines and
planes; Auxiliary planes and true shapes of oblique plain surface; True length and inclination
of lines; Projections of solids (Change of position method, alteration of ground lines); Section
of solids and Interpenetration of solid surfaces; Development of surfaces of geometrical
solids; Isometric projection of geometrical solids. Preparation of working drawing from
models and isometric views. Drawing of missing views. Different methods of dimensioning.
Concept of sectioning. Revolved and oblique sections. Sectional drawing of simple machine
parts. Types of rivet heads and riveted joints. Processes for producing leak proof joints.
Symbols for different types of welded joints. Nomenclature, thread profiles, multi start
threads, left and right hand threads. Square headed and hexagonal nuts and bolts.
Conventional representation of threads. Different types of lock nuts, studs, machine screws,
cap screws and wood screws. Foundation bolts. Forms of screw threads, representation of
threads, Bolts- headed centre, stud screws, set screws, butt, hexagonal and square; keys-types,
taper, rank taper, hollow saddle etc.
Suggested Readings
Bhat N D. 2010. Elementary Engineering Drawing. Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
Anand.
Bhatt N D and Panchal V M. 2013. Machine Drawing. Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
Anand.
Narayana K L and Kannaiah P. 2010. Machine Drawing. Scitech Publications (India) Pvt.
Ltd., Chennai.

11
 2. Workshop Technology and Practice 3 (1+2)
Theory
Introduction to various carpentry tools, materials, types of wood and their characteristics and
Processes or operations in wood working; Introduction to Smithy tools and operations;
Introduction to welding, types of welding, Oxyacetylene gas welding, types of flames,
welding techniques and equipment. Principle of arc welding, equipment and tools. Casting
processes; Classification, constructional details of center lathe, Main accessories and
attachments. Main operations and tools used on center lathes. Types of shapers,
Constructional details of standard shaper. Work holding devices, shaper tools and main
operations. Types of drilling machines. Constructional details of pillar types and radial
drilling machines. Work holding and tool holding devices. Main operations. Twist drills, drill
angles and sizes. Types and classification. Constructional details and principles of operation
of column and knee type universal milling machines. Plain milling cutter. Main operations on
milling machine.

Practical
Preparation of simple joints: Cross half Lap joint and T-Halving joint; Preparation of
Dovetail joint, Mortise and tenor joint; Jobs on Bending, shaping etc.; Jobs on Drawing,
Punching, Rivetting. Introduction to tools and measuring instruments for fitting; Jobs on
sawing, filing and right angle fitting of MS Flat; Practical in more complex fitting job;
Operations of drilling,, reaming, and threading with tap and dies; Introduction to tools and
operations in sheet metal work; Making different types of sheet metal joints using G.I. sheets.
Introduction to welding equipment, processes tools, their use and precautions; Jobs on ARC
welding – Lap joint, butt joint; T-Joint and corner joint in Arc welding; Gas welding Practice
Lab, butt and T-Joints; Introduction to metal casting equipment, tools and their use; Mould
making using one-piece pattern and two pieces pattern; Demonstration of mould making
using sweep pattern, and match plate patterns; Introduction to machine shop machines and
tools; Demonstration on Processes in machining and use of measuring instruments; Practical
jobs on simple turning, step turning; Practical job on taper turning, drilling and threading;
Operations on shaper and planer, changing a round MS rod into square section on a shaper;
Demonstration of important operations on a milling machine, making a plot, gear tooth
forming and indexing; Any additional job.
Suggested Readings
Hazra, Choudari S K and Bose S K. 1982. Elements of Workshop technology (Vol. I and
II). Media Promoters and Publishers Pvt.Ltd., Mumbai.
Chapman W A J. 1989. Workshop Technology ( Part I and II). Arnold Publishers (India) Pvt.
Ltd., AB/9 Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi.
Raghuwamsi B S. 1996. A Course in Workshop Technology (Vol. I and II). Dhanpat Rai and
Sons, 1682 Nai Darak, New Delhi.

3. Heat and Mass Transfer 2 (2+0)

Theory
Concept, modes of heat transfer, thermal conductivity of materials, measurement. General
differential equation of conduction. One dimensional steady state conduction through plane
and composite walls, tubes and spheres with and without heat generation. Electrical analogy.
Insulation materials. Fins, Free and forced convection. Newton’s law of cooling, heat transfer
coefficient in convection. Dimensional analysis of free and forced convection. Useful non
dimensional numbers. Equation of laminar boundary layer on flat plate and in a tube. Laminar
forced convection on a flat plate and in a tube. Combined free and forced convection.
Introduction. Absorptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity of radiation. Black body and
monochromatic radiation, Planck’s law, Stefan-Boltzman law, Kirchoff’s law, grey bodies

12
and emissive power, solid angle, intensity of radiation. Radiation exchange between black
surfaces, geometric configuration factor. Heat transfer analysis involving conduction,
convection and radiation by networks. Types of heat exchangers, fouling factor, log mean
temperature difference, heat exchanger performance, transfer units. Heat exchanger analysis
restricted to parallel and counter flow heat exchangers. Steady state molecular diffusion in
fluids at rest and in laminar flow, Flick’s law, mass transfer coefficients. Reynold’s analogy.
Suggested Readings
Geankoplis C.J. 1978. Transport Port Processes and Unit Operations. Allyn and Bacon Inc.,
Newton, Massachusetts.
Holman J P. 1989. Heat Transfer. McGraw Hill Book Co., New Delhi.
Incropera F P and De Witt D P. 1980. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley
and Sons, New York.
Gupta C P and Prakash R. 1994. Engineering Heat Transfer. Nem Chand and Bros., Roorkee.

4. Machine Design 2 (2+0)

Theory
Meaning of design, Phases of design, design considerations. Common engineering materials
and their mechanical properties. Types of loads and stresses, theories of failure, factor of
safety, selection of allowable stress. Stress concentration. Elementary fatigue and creep
aspects. Cotter joints, knuckle joint and pinned joints, turnbuckle. Design of welded subjected
to static loads. Design of threaded fasteners subjected to direct static loads, bolted joints
loaded in shear and bolted joints subjected to eccentric loading. Design of shafts under torsion
and combined bending and torsion. Design of keys. Design of muff, sleeve, and rigid flange
couplings. Design of helical and leaf springs. Design of flat belt and V-belt drives and
pulleys. Design of gears. Design of screw motion mechanisms like screw jack, lead screw,
etc. Selection of anti-friction bearings.
Suggested Readings
Jain R K. 2013. Machine Design. Khanna Publishers, 2-B Nath Market, Nai Sarak, New
Delhi.
Khurmi R S and Gupta J K. 2014. A Text Book of Machine Design. S. Chand & Company
Ltd., New Delhi.

5. Auto CAD Applications 2 (0+2)

Practical
Application of computers for design. CAD- Overview of CAD window – Explanation of
various options on drawing screen. Study of draw and dimension tool bar. Practice on draw
and dimension tool bar. Study of OSNAP, line thickness and format tool bar. Practice on
OSNAP, line thickness and format tool bar. Practice on mirror, offset and array commands.
Practice on trim, extend, chamfer and fillet commands. Practice on copy, move, scale and
rotate commands. Drawing of 2 D- drawing using draw tool bar. Practice on creating
boundary, region, hatch and gradient commands. Practice on Editing polyline- PEDIT and
Explode commands. Setting of view ports for sketched drawings. Printing of selected view
ports in various paper sizes. 2D- drawing of machine parts with all dimensions and
allowances- Foot step bearing and knuckle joint. Sectioning of foot step bearing and stuffing
box. Drawing of hexagonal, nut and bolt and other machine parts. Practice on 3-D commands-
Extrusion and loft. Practice on 3-D commands-on sweep and press pull. Practice on 3-D
Commands- revolving and joining. Demonstration on CNC machine and simple problems.
Suggested Readings
Rao P.N.. 2002. CAD/CAM Principles and Applications. McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
Sareen Kuldeep and Chandan Deep Grewal. 2010. CAD/CAM Theory and Practice. S.Chand

13
& Company Ltd., New Delhi.
Zeid Ibrahim. 2011. Mastering CAD/CAM with Engineering. McGraw-Hill Education Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
Lee Kunwoo. 1999. Principles of CAD/CAM/CAE Systems. Addison Vesley Longman, Inc.

6. Thermodynamics, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 3 (2+1)

Theory
Thermodynamics properties, closed and open system, flow and non-flow processes, gas laws,
laws of thermodynamics, internal energy. Application of first law in heating and expansion of
gases in non-flow processes. First law applied to steady flow processes. Carnot cycle, Carnot
theorem. Entropy, physical concept of entropy, change of entropy of gases in thermodynamics
process. Otto, diesel and dual cycles. Principles of refrigeration, - units, terminology,
production of low temperatures, air refrigerators working on reverse Carnot cycle and Bell
Coleman cycle. Vapour refrigeration-mechanism, P-V,P-S,P-H diagrams, vapor compression
cycles, dry and wet compression, super cooling and sub cooling. Vapour absorption
refrigeration system. Common refrigerants and their properties. Design calculations for
refrigeration system. Cold storage plants. Thermodynamic properties of moist air, perfect gas
relationship for approximate calculation, adiabatic saturation process, wet bulb temperature
and its measurement, psychometric chart and its use, elementary psychometric process. Air
conditioning – principles –Type and functions of air conditioning, physiological principles in
air conditioning, air distribution and duct design methods, fundamentals of design of complete
air conditioning systems – humidifiers and dehumidifiers – cooling load calculations, types of
air conditioners – applications.

Practical
Tutorials on thermodynamic air cycles, Study and application of P V and T S chart in
refrigeration, P H chart (or) Mollier diagram in refrigeration, Numerical on air refrigeration
cycle systems, Numerical on vapour compression cycle refrigeration system, Study of
domestic water cooler, Study of domestic household refrigerator, Study of absorption type
solar refrigeration system, Study cold storage for fruit and vegetables, Freezing load and time
calculations for food materials, Determination of refrigeration parameters using refrigeration
tutor – II, Numerical on design of air conditioning systems, Study of window air conditioner,
Study on repair and maintenance of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. Visit to
chilling or ice making and cold storage plants.
Suggested Readings
Kothandaraman C P Khajuria P R and Arora S C. 1992. A Course in Thermodynamics and
Heat Engines. Dhanpet Rai and Sons, 1682 Nai Sarak, New Delhi.
Khurmi R S. 1992. Engineering Thermodynamics. S Chand and Co. Ltd., Ram Nagar, New
Delhi.
Mathur M L and Mehta F S. 1992. Thermodynamics and Heat Power Engineering. Dhanpat
Rai and Sons 1682 Nai Sarak, New Delhi.
Ballney P. L. 1994. Thermal Engineering. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
Nag P K.1995. Engineering Thermodynamics. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.Ltd., 12/4
Asaf Ali Raod, New Delhi.
7. Theory of Machines 2 (2+0)
Theory
Elements, links, pairs, kinematics chain, and mechanisms. Classification of pairs and
echanisms. Lower and higher pairs. Four bar chain, slider crank chain and their inversions.
Determination of velocity and acceleration using graphical (relative velocity and acceleration)
method. Instantaneous centers. Types of gears. Law of gearing, velocity of sliding between
two teeth in mesh. Involute and cycloidal profile for gear teeth. Spur gear, nomenclature,

14
interference and undercutting. Introduction to helical, spiral, bevel and worm gear. Simple,
compound, reverted, and epicyclic trains. Determining velocity ratio by tabular method.
Turning moment diagrams, coefficient of fluctuation of speed and energy, weight of flywheel,
flywheel applications. Belt drives, types of drives, belt materials. Length of belt, power
transmitted, velocity ratio, belt size for flat and V belts. Effect of centrifugal tension, creep
and slip on power transmission, Chain drives. Types of friction, laws of dry friction. Friction
of pivots and collars. Single disc, multiple disc, and cone clutches. Rolling friction, anti
friction bearings. Types of governors. Constructional details and analysis of Watt, Porter,
Proell governors. Effect of friction, controlling force curves. Sensitiveness, stability, hunting,
iso-chronism, power and effort of a governor. Static and dynamic balancing. Balancing of
rotating masses in one and different planes.
Suggested Readings
Bevan Thomas. 1984. Theory of Machines. CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi.
Ballaney P L. 1985. Theory of Machines. Khanna Publishers, 2-B Nath Market, Nai Sarak,
New Delhi.
Rao J S and Dukkipatti R V. 1990. Mechanisms and Machine Theory. Wiley astern Ltd., New
Delhi.
Lal Jagdish. 1991. Theory of Mechanisms and Machines. Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt.Ltd., 1
Netaji Subash Marg, New Delhi..
Rattan S B. 1993. Theory of Machines. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 12/4 Asaf Ali
Road, New Delhi.
Khurmi R S and Gupta J K. 1994. Theory of Machines. Eurasia Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
Ram Nagar, New Delhi.

(ii) Electrical and Computer Engineering Section 11 (6+5)

1. Electrical Machines and Power Utilization 3 (2+1)

Theory
Electro motive force, reluctance, laws of magnetic circuits, determination of ampere-turns for
series and parallel magnetic circuits, hysteresis and eddy current losses, Transformer:
principle of working, construction of single phase transformer, EMF equation, phasor
diagram on load, leakage reactance, voltage regulation, power and energy efficiency, open
circuit and short circuit tests, principles, operation and performance of DC machine (generator
and motor), EMF and torque equations, armature reaction, commutation, excitation of DC
generator and their characteristics, DC motor characteristics, starting of shunt and series
motor, starters, speed control methods-field and armature control, polyphase induction motor:
construction, operation, phasor diagram, effect of rotor resistance, torque equation, starting
and speed control methods, single phase induction motor: double field revolving theory,
equivalent circuit, characteristics, phase split, shaded pole motors, various methods of three
phase power measurement; power factor, reactive and apparent power, Concept and analysis
of balanced poly-phase circuits; Series and parallel resonance.
Practical
To obtain load characteristics of d.c. shunt/series /compound generator; To study
characteristics of DC shunt/ series motors; To study d.c. motor starters; To Perform load-test
on 3 ph. induction motor & to plot torque V/S speed characteristics; To perform no-load &
blocked –rotor tests on 3 ph. Induction motor to obtain equivalent ckt. parameters & to draw
circle diagram; To study the speed control of 3 ph. induction motor by cascading of two
induction motors, i.e. by feeding the slip power of one motor into the other motor; To study
star- delta starters physically and (a) to draw electrical connection diagram (b) to start the 3
ph. induction motor using it. (c) to reverse the direction of 3 ph. I.M.; To start a 3-phase slip –

15
ring induction motor by inserting different levels of resistance in the rotor ckt. and to plot
torque –speed characteristics; To perform no load & blocked –rotor test on 1 ph. induction
motor & to determine the parameters of equivalent ckt. drawn on the basis of double
revolving field theory; To perform load –test on 1 ph. induction motor & plot torque –speed
characteristics; To study power consumed in a three-phase circuit; Two lights in series
controlled by one switch; Two lights in parallel controlled by one switch.
Suggested Readings
Thareja B L & Theraja AK. 2005. A text book of Electrical Technology. Vol. I S. Chand &
Company LTD., New Delhi.
Theraja B L & Theraja AK 2005. A text book of Electrical Technology. Vol. II S.Chand &
Company LTD., New Delhi.
Vincent Del Toro. 2000. Electrical Engineering Fundamentals. Prentice-Hall of India Private
LTD., New Delhi.
Anwani M L. 1997. Basic Electrical Engineering. Dhanpat Rai & Co.(P) LTD. New Delhi.

2. Applied Electronics and Instrumentation 3(2+1)

Theory
Semiconductors. p—n junction. V—I characteristics of p—n junction. diode as a circuit
element. rectifier. clipper. damper, voltage multiplier, capacitive filter. diode circuits for OR
& AND (both positive and negative logic), bipolar junction transistor: operating point.
classification(A.B & C) of amplifier. various biasing methods (fixed. self potential divider).
h- parameter model of a transistor. analysis of small signal. CE amplifier. phase shift
oscillator, analysis of differential amplifier using transistor. ideal OP-AMP characteristics.
linear and non-linear applications of OP-AMP (adder. subtractor. integrator, active rectifier.
comparator. differentiator. differential, instrumentation amplifier and oscillator). zener diode
voltage regulator. transistor series regulator. current limiting. OP-AMP voltage regulators.
Basic theorem of Boolean algebra. Combinational logic circuits(basic gates. SOP rule and
Kmap). binary ladder D/A converter, successive approximation A/D converter, generalized
instrumentation, measurement of displacement. temperature. velocity, force and pressure
using potentiometer. resistance thennometer. thermocouples. Bourclen tube. LVDT. strain
gauge and tacho-generator.

Practical
To study V-I characteristics of p-n junction diode: To study half wave. full wave and bridge
rectifier: To study transistor characteristics in CE configurations: To design and study fixed
and self bias transistor: To design and study potential divider bias transistor: To study a diode
as clipper and clamper: To study a OP-AMP IC 741 as inverting and non- inverting amplifier:
To study a OP-AMP IC 741 as differentiator and integrator to study a differential amplifier
using two transistor: To study a OP-AMP IC 741 as differential amplifier: To study a zener
regulator circuit: To study a OP-AMP IC 741 as a active rectifier: To study a OP-AMP IC
741 as a comparator: To familiarize with various types of transducers.
Suggested Readings
Mehta V K. Principles of Electronics. S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.
Shaney A K. Measurement of Electronics and Electronic Instrumentation. Khanna
Publications.
Roy Chowdary. Integrated Electronics. John Wiley International. Kumar Anand. Digital
Electronics. A. PHI.
Gupta Sanjeev, Sonthosh Gupta. Electronic Devices and Circuits. Danapath Rai Publications.

16
 3. Computer Programming and Data Structures 3 (1+ 2)
Theory
Introduction to high level languages, Primary data types and user defined data types,
Variables, typecasting, Operators, Building and evaluating expressions, Standard library
functions, Managing input and output, Decision making, Branching, Looping, Arrays, User
defined functions, passing arguments and returning values, recursion, scope and visibility of a
variable, String functions, Structures and union, Pointers, Stacks, Push/Pop operations,
Queues, Insertion and deletion operations, Linked lists.

Practical
Familiarizing with Turbo C IDE; Building an executable version of C program; Debugging a
C program; Developing and executing simple programs; Creating programs using decision
making statements such as if, go to & switch; Developing program using loop statements
while, do & for; Using nested control structures; Familiarizing with one and two dimensional
arrays; Using string functions; Developing structures and union; Creating user defined
functions; Using local, global & external variables; Using pointers; Implementing Stacks;
Implementing push/pop functions; Creating queues; Developing linked lists in C language;
Insertion/Deletion in data structures.
Suggested Readings
Rajaraman V. 1985. Computer Oriented Numerical Methods. Prentice Hall of India. Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
Balagurusamy E. 1990. Programming in ‘C’. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 12/4
Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi.
Rajaraman V. 1995. Computer Programming in ‘C’. Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., New
Delhi.
Bronson G and Menconi S. 1995. A First Book of ‘C’ Fundamentals of ‘C’ Programming.
Jaico Publishing House, New Delhi
Sahni S.. Data Structures, Algorithms and Applications in C++. University press (India) Pvt
Ltd / Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd.
Michael T. Goodrich, R. Tamassia and D Mount. Data structures and Algorithms in C++.
Wiley Student Edition, John Wiley and Sons.
Mark Allen Weiss. Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++. Pearson Education.
Augenstein, Langsam and Tanenbaum. Data structures using C and C++. PHI/Pearson
Education. Drozdek Adam. Data Structures and Algorithms in C++. Vikas Publishing House /
Thomson International Student Edition.
Agarwal, Ajay. The Complete Reference Guide: Data Structure through C. ISBN:
8178840448; Publisher: Cyber Tech Publications.

4. Web Designing and Internet Applications 2 (1+1)

Theory
Basic principles in developing a web designing, Planning process, Five Golden rules of web
designing, Designing navigation bar, Page design, Home Page Layout , Design Concept.
Basics in Web Design, Brief History of Internet, World Wide Web , creation of a web site,
Web Standards , Audience requirement. Introduction to JavaScript, variables & functions,
Working with alert, confirm and prompt, Connectivity of Web pages with databases; Project.

Practical
FLASH: Animation concept FPS, Understanding animation for web, Flash interface, Working
with tools, DREAM WEAVER :Exploring Dreamweaver Interface, Planning & Setting Web
Site Structure, Working with panels, Understanding and switching views, Using property
inspector, Formatting text, JAVA SCRIPT: Working with alert, confirm and prompt,

17
Understanding loop, arrays, Creating rollover image, Working with operator, GIF
ANIMATION: Learning to use FTP, Setting FTP, Uploading of site, Using Control panel,
FTP UPLOADING SITE: Understanding gif animation interface, Knowing GIf file format,
Creating basic web banners, Creating web banners with effects, Creating animated web
buttons.
Suggested Readings
Jennifer Niederst Robbins. Developing web design latest edition. Frain and Ben. Responsive
Web Design with HTML5..
Nicholas c.Zakas. Java Script for Web Developers.
George Q. Huang, K. L Mak. Internet Applications in Product Design and Manufacturing.
ISBN:3540434658.

(iii) Applied Sciences 29 (19+10)

1. Principles of Agronomy 3(2+1)

Theory
Introduction and scope of agronomy. Classification of crops, Effect of different weather
parameters on crop growth and development. Principles of tillage, tilth and its characteristics.
Crop seasons. Methods, time and depth of sowing of major field crops. Methods and time of
application of manures and fertilizers. Organic farming-Sustainable agriculture. Soil water
plant relationship, crop coefficients, water requirement of crops and critical stages for
irrigation, weeds and their control, crop rotation, cropping systems, Relay cropping and mixed
cropping.
Practical
Identification of crops and their varieties, seeds, manures, fertilizers and weeds; Fertilizer
application methods; Different weed control methods; Practice of ploughing, Practice of
Puddling, Practice of sowing.
Suggested Readings
William L Donn. 1965. Meteorology. McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York.
Arnon L. 1972. Crop Production in Dry Regions. Leonard Hill Publishing Co. London.
Yawalkar K S and Agarwal J P. 1977. Manures and Fertilizers. Agricultural Horticultural
Publishing House, Nagpur.
Gupta O P. 1984. Scientific Weed Management in the Tropics and Sub- Tropics. Today and
Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers. New Delhi.
Rao V S. 1992. Principles of Weed Science. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
Reddy Yellamanda T and Shankar Reddy G H. 1995. Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani
Publishers Ludhiana.

2. Principles of Soil Science 3(2+1)

Theory
Nature and origin of soil; soil forming rocks and minerals, their classification
andcomposition, soil forming processes, classification of soils – soil taxonomy orders;
important soil physical properties; and their importance; soil particle distribution; soil
inorganic colloids – their composition, properties and origin of charge; ion exchange in soil
and nutrient availability; soil organic matter – its composition and decomposition, effect on
soil fertility; soil reaction – acidic, saline and sodic soils; quality or irrigation water; essential
plants nutrients – their functions and deficiency symptoms in plants; important inorganic
fertilizers and their reactions in soils. Use of saline and sodic water for crop production,
Gypsum requirement for reclamation of sodic soils and neutralising RSC; Liquid fertilisers
and their solubility and compatibility.

18
Practical
Identification of rocks and minerals; Examination of soil profile in the field; Collection of
Soil Sample; Determination of bulk density; particle density and porosity of soil;
Determination of organic carbon of soil; Determination of Nitrogen, Determination of
Phosphorus and Determination of Potassium; Identification of nutrient deficiency symptoms
of crops in the field; Determination of gypsum requirement of sodic soils; Determination of
water quality parameters.
Suggested Readings
Brady Nyle C and Ray R Well. 2002. Nature and properties of soils. Pearson Education Inc.,
New Delhi.
Indian Society of Soil Science. 1998. Fundamentals of Soil Science. IARI, New Delhi.
Sehgal J.. A. Textbook of Pedology Concepts and Applications. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
Hillel D. 1982. Introduction to Soil Physics. Academic Press, London.

3. Principles of Horticultural Crops and Plant Protection 2(1+1)

Theory
Scope of horticultural. Soil and climatic requirements for fruits, vegetables and floriculture
crops, improved varieties, Criteria for site selection, layout and planting methods, nursery
raising, commercial varieties/hybrids, sowing and planting times and methods, seed rate and
seed treatment for vegetable crops; macro and micro propagation methods, plant growing
structures, pruning and training, crop coefficients, water requirements and critical stages,
fertilizer application, fertigation, irrigation methods, harvesting, grading and packaging, post
harvest practices, Garden tools, management of orchard, Extraction and storage of vegetables
seeds. Major pests and diseases and their management in horticulture crops.
Practical
Judging maturity time for harvesting of crop; Study of seed viability and germination test;
Identification and description of important fruits, flowers and vegetable crops; Study of
different garden tools; Preparation of nursery bed; Practices of pruning and training in some
important fruit crops, visit to commercial greenhouse/ polyhouse; cultural operations for
vegetable crops (sowing, fertilizer application, mulching, irrigation and weed control); seed
extraction techniques; identification of important pests and diseases and their control.
Suggested Readings
Bansal. P.C. 2008. Horticulture in India. CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
Saraswathy, S., T.L.Preethi, S.Balasubramanyan, J. Suresh, N.Revathy and S.Natarajan. 2007.
Postharvest management of Horticultural Crops. Agrobios Publishers, Jodhpur.
Arjunan, G., Karthikeyan, G, Dinakaran , D. and Raguchander, T. 1999. Diseases of
Horticultural Crops. AE Publications, Coimbatore.
Sharma Neeta and Mashkoor Alam. 1997. Postharvest diseases of Horticultural crops.
International Book publishing Co. UP.

4. Engineering Physics 3 (2+1)

Theory
Dia, Para and ferromagnetism-classification. Langevin theory of dia and paramagnetism.
Adiabatic demagnetization. Weiss molecular field theory and ferromagnetism. Curie-Weiss
law. Wave particle quality, de-Broglie concept, uncertainty principle. Wave function. Time
dependent and time independent Schrodinger wave equation, Qualitative explanation of
Zeeman effect, Stark effect and Paschan Back effect, Raman spectroscopy. Statement of
Bloch’s function. Bands iii solids, velocity of Bloch’s electron and effective mass. Distinction
between metals. insulators and semiconductors. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, law of
mass action. Determination of energy gap in semiconductors. Donors and acceptor levels.

19
Superconductivity, critical magnetic field. Meissner effect. Isotope effect. Type-I and II
superconductors, Josephson’s effect DC and AC, Squids. Introduction to high Tc
superconductors. Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A and B coefficients.
Population inversion, He-Ne and Ruby lasers. Ammonia and Ruby masers, Holography-Note.
Optical fiber. Physical structure. basic theory. Mode type, input output characteristics of
optical fiber and applications. Illumination: laws of illumination, luminous flux, luminous
intensity, candle power, brightness.
Practical
To find the frequency of A.C. supply using an electrical vibrator; To find the low resistance
using Carey Foster bridge without calibrating the bridge wire; To determine dielectric
constant of material using De Sauty’s bridge; To determine the value of specific charge (e/m)
for electrons by helical method; To study the induced e.m.f. as a function of velocity of the
magnet; To obtain hysteresis curve (B-H curve) on a C.R.O. and to determine related
magnetic quantities; To study the variation of magnetic field with distance along the axis of a
current carrying circular coil and to detuning the radius of the coil; To determine the energy
band gap in a semiconductor using a p-n Junction diode; To determine the slit width from
Fraunhofer diffraction pattern using laser beam; To find the numerical aperture of optical
fiber: To set up the fiber optic analog and digital link; To study the phase relationships in L.R.
circuit; To study LCR circuit; To study the variations of thermo emf of a copper-constantan
thermo-couple with temperature; To find the wave length of light by prism.
Suggested Readings
Brijlal and Subrahmanyam. Text Book of optics. S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.
Sarkar Subir Kumar. Optical State Physics and Fiber Optics. S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.
Gupta S L, Kumar V Sharma R C. Elements of Spectroscopy. Pragati Prakasam, Meeruth.
Saxena B S and Gupta R C. Solid State Physics. Pragati Prakasam, Meeruth.
Srivastava B N. Essentials of Quantum Mechanics. Pragati Prakasam, Meeruth.
Vasudeva D N. Fundamentals of Magnetism and Electricity. S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.

5. Engineering Chemistry 3 (2+1)

Theory
Phase rule and its application to one and two component systems. Fuels: classification.
calorific value. Colloids: classification. properties. Corrosion: causes. types and method of
prevention. Water: temporary and permanent hardness. disadvantages of hard water, scale and
sludge formation in boilers, boiler corrosion. Analytical methods like thermo-gravimetric.
polarographic analysis. nuclear radiation. detectors and analytical applications of radioactive
materials. Enzymes and their use in the manufacturing of ethanol and acetic acid by
fermentation methods. Principles of food chemistry. Introduction to lipids, proteins,
carbohydrates, vitamins, food preseltators, colouring and flavouring reagents of food.
Lubricants: properties. mechanism. classification and tests. Polymers. types of
polymerization. properties. uses and methods for the determination of molecular weight of
polymers. Introduction to IR spectroscopy.
Practical
Determination of temporary and permanent hardness of water by EDTA method: Estimation
of chloride in water: Estimation of dissolved oxygen in water: Determination of BOD in
water sample: Determination of COD in water sample: Estimation of available chlorine in
bleaching powder: Determination of viscosity of oil: Estimation of activity of water sample:
Estimation of alkalinity of water sample: Determination of carbonate and non- carbonate
hardness by soda reagent: Determination of coagulation of water and chloride ion content:
Determination of specific rotation of an optically active compound: Determination of Xnax
and verification of Beer Lambert Law: Determination of calorific value of fuel: Identification
of functional groups (alcohol, aldelyde, ketones, carboxylic acid and amide) by IR:

20
Chromatographic analysis: Determination of molar refraction of organic compounds.
Suggested Readings
Jain P L and Jain M. 1994. Engineering Chemistry. Danpat Rai publishing company Pvt.
Ltd., Delhi.
Bahl B S, Arun Bahl and Tuli B D. 2007. Essentials of Physical Chemistry. S.Chand and Co.
Ltd., Delhi.

6. Engineering Mathematics – I 3(2+1)

Theory
Matrices: Elementary transformations, rank of a matrix, reduction to normal form, Gauss-
Jordon method to find inverse of a matrix, Eigen values and Eigen vectors, Cayley-
Hamiltontheorem, linear transformation, orthogonal transformations, diagonalisation of
matrices, quadratic forms. PAQ form, Echelon form, Solution of linear equations, nature of
rank, using Cayley-Hamilton theorem to find inverse of A. Differential calculus: Taylor’s
and Maclaurin’s expansions; indeterminate form; curvature, function of two or more
independent variables, partial differentiation, homogeneous functions and Euler’s theorem,
composite functions, total derivatives, maxima and minima. Integral calculus: volumes and
surfaces of revolution of curves; double and triple integrals, change of order of integration,
application of double and triple integrals to find area and volume. Vector calculus:
Differentiation of vectors, scalar and vector point functions, vector differential operator Del,
Gradient of a scalar point function, Divergence and Curl of a vector point function and their
physical interpretations, identities involving Del, second order differential operator; line,
surface and volume integrals, Stoke’s, divergence and Green’s theorems (without proofs).
Practical
Tutorials on rank of a matrix, reduction to normal form, consistency and solution of linear
equations, eigen values and eigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, diagonalization of
matrices, quadratic forms; Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s expansion, indeterminate form,
curvature, tracing of curves, partial differentiation, maxima and minima, volume and surface
of revolution, multiple integrals, Beta and Gama functions, differentiation of vectors,
gradient, divergence and curl of a vector point function, line, surface and volume integrals,
Stoke’s divergence and Green’s Theorems.
Suggested Readings
Narayan Shanti. 2004. Differential Calculus. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi. Narayan
Shanti. 2004. Integral Calculus. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
Grewal B S. 2004. Higher Engineering Mathematics. Khanna Publishers Delhi. Narayan
Shanti. 2004. A Text Book of Vector. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

7. Engineering Mathematics – II 3(2+1)

Theory
Ordinary differential equations: Exact and Bernoulli’s differential equations, equations
reducible to exact form by integrating factors, equations of first order and higher degree,
Clairaut’s equation, Differential equations of higher orders, methods of finding
complementary functions and particular integrals, method of variation of parameters,
Cauchy’s and Legendre’s linear equations, simultaneous linear differential equations with
constant coefficients, series solution techniques, Bessel’s and Legendre’s differential
equations. Functions of a Complex variable: Limit, continuity and analytic function, Cauchy-
Riemann equations, Harmonic functions. Infinite series and its convergence, periodic
functions, Fourier series, Euler’s formulae, Dirichlet’s conditions, functions having arbitrary
period, even and odd functions, half range series, Harmonic analysis. Fourier Sine and Cosine
Series, Fourier series for function having period 2L, Elimination of one and two arbitrary
function. Partial differential equations: Formation of partial differential equations Higher

21
order linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients, solution of non-linear
partial differential equations, Charpit’s method, application of partial differential equations
(one dimensional wave and heat flow equations, Laplace Equation.
Practical
Tutorials on solution of ordinary differential equations of first and higher orders. Series
solutions of differential equations. Bessel’s and Legendre’s differential equations,
Convergence of infinite series. Fourier series, harmonic analysis, analytical functions,
Cauchey-Riemann equations, harmonic functions, Solution of partial differential equations,
Application of partial differential equations.
Suggested Readings
Narayan Shanti. 2004. A Text Book of Matrices. S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
Grewal B S. 2004. Higher Engineering Mathematics. Khanna Publishers Delhi. Ramana B V.
2008. Engineering Mathematics. Tata McGraw-Hill. New Delhi.

8. Engineering Mathematics – III 3(2+1)

Theory
Numerical analysis and Laplace transformation: finite difference, various difference
operators and their relationships. factorial notation, interpolation with equal integrals.
Newton’s forward and backward interpolation formula. Bessel's and Stirling’s difference
interpolation formulae. Interpolation with unequal intervals. Newton's divided difference
formula. Lagrange’s interpolation formula. numerical differentiations, numerical integrations,
difference equations and their solutions, numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations
by Picard’s Taylor’s series. Fuller’s and modified Fuller’s methods. Runga-Kutta method;
Laplace transformation and its applications to the solutions of ordinary and simultaneous
differential equations. Testing of Hypothesis-Level of Significance-Degrees of freedom-
Statistical errors, Large sample test (Z-test), Small sample test t-test (One tailed, two tailed
and Paired tests), Testing of Significance through variance (F-test), Chi -Square test,
contingency table, Correlation, Regression.

Practical
Interpolation, Numerical differentiation and integration solutions of difference equations,
numerical solution of ordinary differential equations of first order and first degree, Laplace
and inverse Laplace transformations and their application to solution of ordinary and
simultaneous differential equations. Problems on One Sample, Two sample Z-tests when
Population S.D. is known and unknown, Problems on one sample, Two sample and paired t-
test Chi-Square test – 2x2 and m x n, Calculation of Correlation coefficient and its testing,
Contingency Table and F-test.
Suggested Readings
Chandel SRS. A Hand book of Agricultural Statistics. Achal Praskasam Masndir, Kanpur.
Agrawal B L. Basic Statistics. Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Age International Ltd.
Nageswara Rao G. Statistics for Agricultural Sciences. BS Publications.
Rangaswamy R. A Text Book of Agricultural Statistics. New Age Int. publications Ltd. Gupta
S.C. Fundamental Applied Statistics.

9. Communication Skills and Personality Development 2 (1+1)

Theory
Communication Skills: Structural and functional grammar; meaning and process of
communication, verbal and non-verbal communication; listening and note taking, writing
skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic
procedures. Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles, precis writing,
summarizing, abstracting; individual and group presentations, impromptu presentation, public

22
speaking; Group discussion. Organizing seminars and conferences.
Practical
Listening and note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record;
indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and comprehension of general and
technical articles, precis writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual and group
presentations.
Suggested Readings
Balasubramanian T. 1989. A Text book of Phonetics for Indian Students. Orient Longman,
New Delhi.
Balasubrmanyam M. 1985. Business Communication. Vani Educational Books, New Delhi.
Naterop, Jean, B. and Rod Revell. 1997. Telephoning in English. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge.

Mohan Krishna and Meera Banerjee. 1990. Developing Communication Skills. Macmillan
India Ltd. New Delhi.
Krishnaswamy,. N and Sriraman, T. 1995. Current English for Colleges. Macmillan India
Ltd. Madras.
Narayanaswamy V R. 1979. Strengthen your writing. Orient Longman, New Delhi.
Sharma R C and Krishna Mohan. 1978. Business Correspondence. Tata Mc Graw Hill
publishing Company, New Delhi.

10. Entrepreneurship Development and Business Management 3 (2+1)

Theory
Entrepreneurship, management – Management functions – planning- Organizing -Directing –
motivation – ordering – leading – supervision-Communication and control – Capital –
Financial management – importance of financial statements – balance sheet – profit and loss
statement, Analysis of financial statements – liquidity ratios – leverage ratios, Coverage ratios
turnover ratios – profitability ratios, Agro-based industries – Project – project cycle – Project
appraisal and evaluation techniques – undiscounted measures – payback period – proceeds
per rupee of outlay, Discounted measures – Net Present Value (NPV) – Benefit-Cost Ratio
(BCR) – Internal Rate of Return (IRR) – Net benefit investment ratio (N / K ratio) –
sensitivity analysis-Importance of agribusiness in Indian economy International trade-WTO
agreements – Provisions related to agreements in agricultural and food commodities.
Agreements on agriculture (AOA) – Domestic supply, market access, export subsidies
agreements on sanitary and phyto-sanitary (SPS) measures, Trade related intellectual property
rights (TRIPS). Development (ED): Concept of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship Assessing
overall business environment in Indian economy– Entrepreneurial and managerial
characteristics- Entrepreneurship development Programmes (EDP)- Generation incubation
and commercialization of ideas and innovations- Motivation and entrepreneurship
development- Globalization and the emerging business entrepreneurial environment-
Managing an enterprise: Importance of planning, budgeting, monitoring evaluation and
follow-up managing competition. Role of ED in economic development of a country-
Overview of Indian social, political systems and their implications for decision making by
individual entrepreneurs- Economic system and its implications for decision making by
individual entrepreneurs- Social responsibility of business. Morals and ethics in enterprise
management- SWOT analysis- Government schemes and incentives for promotion of
entrepreneurship. Government policy on small and medium enterprises (SMEs)/SSIs/MSME
sectors- Venture capital (VC), contract farming (CF) and joint ventures (JV), public-private
partnerships (PPP)- Overview of agricultural engineering industry, characteristics of Indian
farm machinery industry.

23
Practical
Preparation of business – Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)
analysis, Analysis of financial statements (Balance Sheet, Profit loss statement).
Compounding and discounting, Break-even analysis Visit to agro-based industries – I, Visit to
agro-based industries – II Study of Agro-industries Development Corporation , Ratio analysis
I, Ratio analysis – II, Application of project appraisal technique – I(Undiscounted measures),
Application of project appraisal technique – II(Discounted Measures), Formulation of project
feasibility reports – Farm Machinery Project proposals as entrepreneur
individual and group - Presentation of project proposals in the class.
Suggested Readings
Harsh, S.B., Conner, U.J. and Schwab, G.D. 1981. Management of the Farm Business.
Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey.
Joseph, L. Massie. 1995. Essentials of Management. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
Omri Rawlins, N. 1980. Introduction to Agribusiness. Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey
Gittenger Price, J. 1989. Economic Analysis of Agricultural Projects. John Hopkins
University, Press, London.
Thomas W Zimmer and Norman M Scarborough. 1996. Entrepreneurship. Prentice-Hall, New
Jersey. Mark J Dollinger. 1999. Entrepreneurship Strategies and Resources. Prentice-Hall,
Upper Saddal
Rover, New Jersey.
Khanka S S. 1999. Entrepreneurial Development. S. Chand and Co. New Delhi.
Mohanty S K. 2007. Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship. Prentice Hall India Ltd., New Delhi.

11. Environmental Science and Disaster Management 3 (2+1)

Theory
Environmental Studies:Scope and importance. Natural Resources: Renewable and non-
renewable resources Natural resources and associated problems. a) Forest resources: Use and
over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their
effects on forest and tribal people. b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and
ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. c) Mineral
resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral
resources, case studies. d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by
agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water
logging, salinity, case studies. e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and
non-renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. f) Land
resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and
desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of
resources for sustainable lifestyles. Ecosystems: Concept, Structure, function, Producers,
consumers, decomposers, Energy flow, ecological succession, food chains, food webs,
ecological pyramids. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the
forest, grassland, desert and aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans,
estuaries). Biodiversity and its conservation:- Introduction, definition, genetic, species &
ecosystem diversity and bio-geographical classification of India. Value of biodiversity:
consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at
global, National and local levels, India as a mega-diversity nation. Hot-sports of biodiversity.
Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts. Endangered
and endemic species of India. Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation
of biodiversity. Environmental Pollution: definition, cause, effects and control measures of a.
Air pollution b. Water pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise pollution f.
Thermal pollution g. Nuclear hazards. Solid Waste Management: causes, effects and control

24
measures of urban and industrial wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.
Pollution case studies. Social Issues and the Environment from Unsustainable to Sustainable
development, Urban problems related to energy. Water conservation, rain water harvesting,
watershed management. Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions, climate change,
global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. dies.
Wasteland reclamation. Consumerism and waste products. Environment Protection Act. Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act.
Wildlife Protection Act. Forest Conservation Act. Issues involved in enforcement of
environmental legislation. Public awareness. Human Population and the Environment:
population growth, variation among nations, population explosion, Family Welfare
Programme. Environment and human health: Human Rights, Value Education, HIV/AIDS.
Women and Child Welfare. Role of Information Technology in Environment and human
health.
Disaster Management: Natural Disasters and nature of natural disasters, their types and
effects. Floods, drought, cyclone, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions,
Heat and cold waves, Climatic change: global warming, Sea level rise, ozone depletion. Man
Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire, coal
fire, forest fire, oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, industrial waste water
pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents. Disaster Management-
Effect to migrate natural disaster at national and global levels. International strategy for
disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management
framework; financial arrangements; role of NGOs, community-based organizations and
media. Central, state, district and local administration; Armed forces in disaster response;
Disaster response; Police and other organizations.
Practical
Case Studies and Field work. Visit to a local area to document environmental assets
river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain, Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/ Rural/ Industrial/
Agricultural, study of common plants, insects, birds and study of simple ecosystems-pond,
river, hill slopes, etc. Expected impact of climate change on agricultural production and water
resources, Mitigation Strategies, Economics of climate change. Disaster Management
introduction, Natural and Manmade Disaster Studies, Informatics for Disaster Management,
Quantitative Techniques for Disaster Management Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
and Disaster Management Disaster Management Policy Environmental Modelling.
Suggested Readings
Bharucha Erach. 2005. Text Book of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses.
University Grants Commission, University Press, Hyderabad.
Sharma J P. 2003. Introduction to Environment Science. Lakshmi Publications.
Chary Manohar and Jaya Ram Reddy. 2004. Principles of Environmental Studies. BS
Publishers, Hyderabad.
Kaul S N, Ashuthosh Gautam. 2002. Water and Waste Water Analysis. Days Publishing
House, Delhi.
Gupta P K. 2004. Methods in Environmental Analysis – Water. Soil and Air. Agro bios,
Jodhpur.
Climate change.1995: Adaptation and mitigation of climate change-Scientific Technical
Analysis Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Sharma, R.K. & Sharma, G. 2005. Natural Disaster. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
Husain Majid. 2013. Environment and Ecology: Biodiversity, Climate Change and Disaster
Management. online book.

25
(iv) Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 10 (7+3)
1. Watershed Hydrology 2(1+1)
Theory
Hydrologic cycle, precipitation and its forms, rainfall measurement and estimation of mean
rainfall, frequency analysis of point rainfall. Mass curve, hyetograph, depth-area-duration
curves and intensity-duration-frequency relationship. Hydrologic processes-Interception,
infiltration -factors influencing, measurement and indices. Evaporation - Estimation
and measurement. Runoff - Factors affecting, measurement, stage - discharge rating curve,
estimation of peak runoff rate and volume, Rational method, Cook’s method and SCS curve
number method. Geomorphology of watersheds – Linear, aerial and relief aspects of
watersheds- stream order, drainage density and stream frequency. Hydrograph - Components,
base flow separation, unit hydrograph theory, S-curve, synthetic hydrograph, applications and
limitations. Stream gauging - discharge rating curves, flood peak, design flood and
computation of probable flood. Flood routing – channel and reservoir routing. Drought –
classification, causes and impacts, drought management strategy.

Practical
Visit to meteorological observatory and study of different instruments. Design of rain gauge
network. Exercise on intensity - frequency - duration curves. Exercise on depth - area -
duration and double mass curves. Analysis of rainfall data and estimation of mean rainfall by
different methods. Exercise on frequency analysis of hydrologic data and estimation of
missing data, test for consistency of rainfall records. Exercise on computation of infiltration
indices. Computation of peak runoff and runoff volume by Cook’s method and rational
formula. Computation of runoff volume by SCS curve number method. Study of stream
gauging instruments - current meter and stage level recorder. Exercise on geomorphic
parameters of watersheds. Exercise on runoff hydrograph. Exercise on unit hydrograph.
Exercise on synthetic hydrograph. Exercise on flood routing.
Suggested Readings
Chow, V.T., D.R. Maidment and L.W. Mays. 2010. Applied Hydrology, McGraw Hill
Publishing Co., New York.
Jaya Rami Reddy, P. 2011. A Text Book of Hydrology. University Science Press, New Delhi.
Linsley, R.K., M.A. Kohler, and J.L.H. Paulhus. 1984. Hydrology for Engineers. McGraw-
Hill Publishing Co., Japan.
Mutreja, K.N. 1990. Applied Hydrology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Raghunath, H.M. 2006. Hydrology: Principles Analysis and Design. Revised 2nd Edition,
New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi.
Subramanya, K. 2008. Engineering Hydrology. 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Co., New Delhi.
Suresh, R. 2005. Watershed Hydrology. Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi. Varshney,
R.S. 1986. Engineering Hydrology. Nem Chand and Brothers, Roorkee, U.P.

2. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 3(2+1)

Theory
Soil erosion - Introduction, causes and types - geological and accelerated erosion, agents,
factors affecting and effects of erosion. Water erosion - Mechanics and forms - splash, sheet,
rill, gully, ravine and stream bank erosion. Gullies - Classification, stages of development.
Soil loss estimation – Universal soil loss equation (USLE) and modified USLE. Rainfall
erosivity - estimation by KE>25 and EI30 methods. Soil erodibility - topography, crop
management and conservation practice factors. Measurement of soil erosion - Runoff plots,
soil samplers. Water erosion control measures - agronomical measures - contour farming,
strip cropping, conservation tillage and mulching. Engineering measures– Bunds and terraces.

26
Bunds - contour and graded bunds - design and surplussing arrangements. Terraces - level
and graded broad base terraces, bench terraces - planning, design and layout procedure,
contour stonewall and trenching. Gully and ravine reclamation - principles of gully control -
vegetative measures, temporary structures and diversion drains. Grassed waterways and
design. Wind erosion- Factors affecting, mechanics, soil loss estimation and control measures
- vegetative, mechanical measures, wind breaks and shelter belts and stabilization of sand
dunes.Land capability classification. Rate of sedimentation, silt monitoring and storage loss in
tanks.
Practical
Study of different types and forms of water erosion. Exercises on computation of rainfall
erosivity index. Computation of soil erodibility index in soil loss estimation. Determination of
length of slope (LS) and cropping practice (CP) factors for soil loss estimation by USLE and
MUSLE. Exercises on soil loss estimation/measuring techniques. Study of rainfall simulator
for erosion assessment. Estimation of sediment rate using Coshocton wheel sampler and
multi- slot devisor. Determination of sediment concentration through oven dry method.
Design and layout of contour bunds. Design and layout of graded bunds. Design and layout of
broad base terraces. Design and layout of bench terraces. Design of vegetative waterways.
Exercises on rate of sedimentation and storage loss in tanks. Computation of soil loss by wind
erosion. Design of shelterbelts and wind breaks for wind erosion control. Visit to soil erosion
sites and watershed project areas for studying erosion control and water conservation
measures.

Suggested Readings
Singh Gurmel, C. Venkataraman, G. Sastry and B.P. Joshi. 1996. Manual of Soil and Water
Conservation Practices. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Mahnot, S.C. 2014. Soil and Water Conservation and Watershed Management. International
Books and Periodicals Supply Service, New Delhi.
Mal, B.C. 2014. Introduction to Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. 2014. Kalyani
Publishers.
Michael, A.M. and T.P. Ojha. 2003. Principles of Agricultural Engineering. Volume II. 4th
Edition, Jain Brothers, New Delhi.
Murthy, V.V.N. 2002. Land and Water Management Engineering. 4th Edition, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
Norman Hudson. 1985. Soil Conservation. Cornell University Press, Ithaka, New York, USA.
Frevert, R.K., G.O. Schwab, T.W. Edminster and K.K. Barnes. 2009. Soil and Water
Conservation Engineering, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Suresh, R. 2014. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. Standard Publisher Distributors,
New Delhi.

3. Water Harvesting and Soil Conservation Structures 3(2+1)

Theory
Water harvesting -principles, importance and issues. Water harvesting techniques -
classification based on source, storage and use. Runoff harvesting – short-term and long-term
techniques. Short-term harvesting techniques - terracing and bunding, rock and ground
catchments. Long-term harvesting techniques - purpose and design criteria. Structures - farm
ponds - dug-out and embankment reservoir types, tanks and subsurface dykes. Farm pond -
components, site selection, design criteria, capacity, embankment, mechanical and emergency
spillways, cost estimation and construction. Percolation pond - site selection, design and
construction details. Design considerations of nala bunds. Soil erosion control structures -
introduction, classification and functional requirements. Permanent structures for soil
conservation and gully control - check dams, drop, chute and drop inlet spillways - design

27
requirements, planning for design, design procedures - hydrologic, hydraulic and structural
design and stability analysis. Hydraulic jump and its application. Drop spillway -
applicability, types - straight drop, box-type inlet spillways - description, functional use,
advantages and disadvantages, straight apron and stilling basin outlet, structural components
and functions. Loads on head wall, variables affecting equivalent fluid pressure, triangular
load diagram for various flow conditions, creep line theory, uplift pressure estimation, safety
against sliding, overturning, crushing and tension. Chute spillway - description, components,
energy dissipaters, design criteria of Saint Antony Falls (SAF) stilling basin and its
limitations. Drop inlet spillway - description, functional use and design criteria.
Practical
Study of different types of farm ponds. Computation of storage capacity of embankment type
of farm ponds. Design of dugout farm ponds. Design of percolation pond and nala bunds.
Runoff measurement using H-flume. Exercise on hydraulic jump. Exercise on energy
dissipation in water flow. Hydrologic, hydraulic and structural design of drop spillway and
stability analysis. Design of SAF stilling basins in chute spillway. Hydrologic, hydraulic and
structural design of drop inlet spillway. Design of small earthen embankment structures.
Practice on softwares for design of soil and water conservation structures. Field visit to
watershed project areas treated with soil and water conservation measures / structures.

Suggested Readings
Singh Gurmel, C. Venkataraman, G. Sastry and B.P. Joshi. 1996. Manual of Soil and Water
Conservation Practices. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Michael, A.M. and T.P. Ojha. 2003. Principles of Agricultural Engineering. Volume II. 4th
Edition, Jain Brothers, New Delhi.
Murthy, V.V.N. 2002. Land and Water Management Engineering. 4th Edition, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
Schwab, G.O., D.D. Fangmeier, W.J. Elliot, R.K. Frevert. 1993. Soil and Water Conservation
Engineering.4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.
Suresh, R. 2014. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. Standard Publisher Distributors,
New Delhi.
Samra, J.S., V.N. Sharda and A.K. Sikka. 2002. Water Harvesting and Recycling: Indian
Experiences. CSWCR&TI, Dehradun, Allied Printers, Dehradun.
Theib Y. Oweis, Dieter Prinz and Ahmed Y. Hachum. 2012. Rainwater Harvesting for
Agriculture in the Dry Areas. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, London.
Studer Rima Mekdaschi and Hanspeter Liniger. 2013. Water Harvesting - Guidelines to Good
Practice. Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Switzerland.

4. Watershed Planning and Management 2(1+1)

Theory
Watershed - introduction and characteristics. Watershed development - problems and
prospects, investigation, topographical survey, soil characteristics, vegetative cover, present
land use practices and socio-economic factors. Watershed management - concept, objectives,
factors affecting, watershed planning based on land capability classes, hydrologic data for
watershed planning, watershed codification, delineation and prioritization of watersheds –
sediment yield index. Water budgeting in a watershed. Management measures - rainwater
conservation technologies - in-situ and ex-situ storage, water harvesting and recycling. Dry
farming techniques - inter-terrace and inter-bund land management. Integrated watershed
management - concept, components, arable lands - agriculture and horticulture, non-arable
lands - forestry, fishery and animal husbandry. Effect of cropping systems, land management
and cultural practices on watershed hydrology. Watershed programme - execution, follow-up
practices, maintenance, monitoring and evaluation. Participatory watershed management -

28
role of watershed associations, user groups and self-help groups. Planning and formulation of
project proposal for watershed management programme including cost-benefit analysis.
Practical
Exercises on delineation of watersheds using toposheets. Surveying and preparation of
watershed map. Quantitative analysis of watershed characteristics and parameters. Watershed
investigations for planning and development. Analysis of hydrologic data for planning
watershed management. Water budgeting of watersheds. Prioritization of watersheds based
on sediment yield index. Study of functional requirement of watershed development
structures. Study of watershed management technologies. Practice on softwares for analysis
of hydrologic parameters of watershed. Study of role of various functionaries in watershed
development programmes. Techno-economic viability analysis of watershed projects. Visit to
watershed development project areas.
Suggested Readings
Ghanshyam Das. 2008. Hydrology and Soil Conservation Engineering: Including Watershed
Management. 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall of India Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Katyal, J.C., R.P. Singh, Shriniwas Sharma, S.K. Das, M.V. Padmanabhan and P.K. Mishra.
1995. Field Manual on Watershed Management. CRIDA, Hyderabad.
Mahnot, S.C. 2014. Soil and Water Conservation and Watershed Management. International
Books and Periodicals Supply Service. New Delhi.
Sharda, V.N., A.K. Sikka and G.P. Juyal. 2006. Participatory Integrated Watershed
Management: A Field Manual. Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training
Institute, Dehradun.
Singh, G.D. and T.C. Poonia. 2003. Fundamentals of Watershed Management Technology.
Yash Publishing House, Bikaner.
Singh, P.K. 2000. Watershed Management: Design and Practices. E-media Publications,
Udaipur.
Singh, R.V. 2000. Watershed Planning and Management. Yash Publishing House, Bikaner.
Tideman,E.M. 1999. Watershed Management: Guidelines for Indian
Conditions. Omega Scientific Publishers, New Delhi.

(v) Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering10 (6+4)

1. Irrigation Engineering 3(2+1)
Theory
Major and medium irrigation schemes of India, purpose of irrigation, environmental impact
of irrigation projects, source of irrigation water, present status of development and
utilization of different water resources of the country; measurement of irrigation water:
weir, flumes and orifices and other methods; open channel water conveyance system :
design and lining of irrigation field channels, on farm structures for water conveyance,
control & distribution; underground pipe conveyance system: components and design; land
grading: criteria for land levelling, land levelling design methods, estimation of earth work;
soil water plant relationship: soil properties influencing irrigation management, soil water
movement, infiltration, soil water potential, soil moisture characteristics, soil moisture
constants, measurement of soil moisture, moisture stress and plant response; water
requirement of crops: concept of evapotranspiration (ET), measurement and estimation of
ET, water and irrigation requirement of crops, depth of irrigation, frequency of irrigation,
irrigation efficiencies; surface methods of water application: border, check basin and furrow
irrigation- adaptability, specification and design considerations.
Practical
Measurement of soil moisture by different soil moisture measuring instruments;
measurement of irrigation water; measurement of infiltration characteristics; determination of
bulk density, field capacity and wilting point; estimation of evapotranspiration; land grading

29
methods; design of underground pipeline system; estimation of irrigation efficiency; study of
advance, recession and computation of infiltration opportunity time; infiltration by inflow-
outflow method; evaluation of border irrigation method; evaluation of furrow irrigation
method; evaluation of check basin irrigation method.
Suggested Readings
Michael A.M. 2012. Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Vikas Publishing House New Delhi.
Majumdar D. K. 2013. Irrigation Water Management Principles. PHI learning Private Limited
New Delhi 2nd Edition.
Allen R. G., L. S. Pereira, D. Raes, M. Smith. 1998. Crop Evapotranspiration guidelines for
computing crop water requirement. Irrigation and drainage Paper 56, FAO of United Nations,
Rome.
Murthy VVN. 2013. Land and Water Management Engineering. Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
Israelsen O W. and Hansen V. E and Stringham G. E. 1980. Irrigation Principles and Practice,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USA.
2. Drainage Engineering 2(1+1)
Theory
Water logging- causes and impacts; drainage, objectives of drainage, familiarization with
the drainage problems of the state; surface drainage coefficient, types of surface drainage,
design of surface drains; sub-surface drainage: purpose and benefits, investigations of design
parameters-hydraulic conductivity, drainable porosity, water table; derivation of Hooghoudt’s
and Ernst’s drain spacing equations; design of subsurface drainage system; drainage
materials, drainage pipes, drain envelope; layout, construction and installation of drains;
drainage structures; vertical drainage; bio- drainage; mole drains; salt balance, reclamation of
saline and alkaline soils, leaching requirements, conjunctive use of fresh and saline water.
Practical
In-situ measurement of hydraulic conductivity by single auger hole and inverse auger hole
method; Estimation of drainage coefficients; installation of piezometer and observation
wells; preparation of iso-bath and isobar maps; determination of drainable porosity; design of
surface drainage systems; design of gravel envelop; design of subsurface drainage systems;
determination of chemical properties of soil and water; study of drainage tiles and pipes;
installation of sub-surface drainage system; cost analysis of surface and sub-surface drainage
system.
Suggested Readings
Bhattacharya AK and Michael AM. 2013. Land Drainage, Principles , Methods and
Applications.
Vikas Publication House, Noida (UP).
Ritzema H.P.1994 Drainage Principles and Applications, ILRI Publication 16, Second Edition
(Completely Revised).
Michael AM. and Ojha TP. 2014. Principles of Agricultural Engineering Vol-II 5th Edition.
Jain Brothers Publication, New Delhi.
Kadam U.S., Thokal R.T., Gorantiwar S.D. and Powar A.G. 2007. Agricultural Drainage-
Principles and Practices, Westville Publishing House.
FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 6, 9, 15, 16, 28 and 38. Rome, Italy.

3. Groundwater, Wells and Pumps 3(2+1)

Theory
Occurrence and movement of ground water; aquifer and its types; classification of wells, fully
penetrating tubewells and open wells, familiarization of various types of bore wells; design
of open wells; groundwater exploration techniques; methods of drilling of wells: percussion,
rotary, reverse rotary; design of tubewell and gravel pack, installation of well screen,

30
completion and development of well; groundwater hydraulics- determination of aquifer
parameters by different method such as Theis, Jacob and Chow’s, Theis recovery method;
well interference, multiple well systems, estimation of ground water potential, quality of
ground water; artificial groundwater recharge techniques; pumping systems: water lifting
devices; different types of pumps, classification of pumps, component parts of centrifugal
pumps, priming, pump selection, installation and trouble shooting, performance curves, effect
of speed on capacity, head and power, effect of change of impeller dimensions on
performance characteristics; hydraulic ram, propeller pumps, mixed flow pumps and their
performance characteristics; deep well turbine pump and submersible pump.
Practical
Verification of Darcy's Law; study of different drilling equipments; sieve analysis for gravel
and well screens design; estimation of specific yield and specific retention; testing of well
screen; estimation of aquifer parameters by Theis method, Coopers-Jacob method, Chow
method; Theis Recovery method; well design under confined and unconfined conditions;
well losses and well efficiency; estimating ground water balance; study of artificial ground
water recharge structures; study of radial flow and mixed flow centrifugal pumps,
multistage centrifugal pumps, turbine, propeller and other pumps; installation of centrifugal
pump; testing of centrifugal pump and study of cavitations; study of hydraulic ram; study and
testing of submersible pump.
Suggested Readings
Michael AM, Khepar SD. and SK Sondhi. 2008. Water Well and Pumps, 2nd Edition, Tata
Mc-Graw Hill.
Todd David Keith and Larry W. Mays. 2004. Groundwater Hydrology, 3rd Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, New York (International Book Distributing Company Lucknow).
Michael AM. and Ojha TP. 2014. Principles of Agricultural Engineering Vol-II, 5th Edition.
Jain Brothers Publication, New Delhi.
4. Sprinkler and Micro irrigation Systems 2(1+1)
Theory
Sprinkler irrigation: adaptability, problems and prospects, types of sprinkler irrigation
systems; design of sprinkler irrigation system: layout selection, hydraulic design of lateral,
sub-main and main pipe line, design steps; selection of pump and power unit for sprinkler
irrigation system; performance evaluation of sprinkler irrigation system: uniformity
coefficient and pattern efficiency;
Micro Irrigation Systems: types-drip, spray, & bubbler systems, merits and demerits, different
components; Design of drip irrigation system: general considerations, wetting patters,
irrigation requirement, emitter selection, hydraulics of drip irrigation system, design steps;
necessary steps for proper operation of a drip irrigation system; maintenance of micro
irrigation system: clogging problems, filter cleaning, flushing and chemical treatment;
fertigation: advantages and limitations of fertigation, fertilizers solubility and their
compatibility, precautions for successful fertigation system, fertigation frequency, duration
and injection rate, methods of fertigation.
Practical
Study of different components of sprinkler irrigation system; design and installation of
sprinkler irrigation system; determination of precipitation pattern, discharge and uniformity
coefficient; cost economics of sprinkler irrigation system; study of different components of
drip irrigation; design and installation of drip irrigation system; determination of pressure
discharge relationship and emission uniformity for given emitter; study of different types of
filters and determination of filtration efficiency; determination of rate of injection and
calibration for chemigation/fertigation; design of irrigation and fertigation schedule for crops;
field visit to micro irrigation system and evaluation of drip system; cost economics of drip
irrigation system.

31
Suggested Readings
Keller Jack and Bliesner Ron D. 2001. Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation. Springer Science+
business Media, New York .
Mane M.S. and Ayare B.L.2007. Principles of Sprinkler Irrigation systems, Jain Brothers,
New Delhi.
Mane M.S and Ayare B.L. and MagarS.S.2006.Principles of Drip Irrigation systems, Jain
Brothers, New Delhi.
Michael AM, Shrimohan and KR Swaminathan. Design and evaluation of irrigation methods,
(IARI Monograph No.1). Water Technology Centre, IARI New Delhi.
Michael A.M. 2012. Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Vikas Publishing Vikas Pub. House New
Delhi. Choudhary M.L and Kadam U.S 2006. Micro irrigation for cash crops Westville
Publishing House.

(vi) Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering 14 (8+6)

1. Farm Machinery and Equipment-I 3(2+1)
Theory
Introduction to farm mechanization. Classification of farm machines. Unit operations in crop
production. Identification and selection of machines for various operations on the farm.
Hitching systems and controls of farm machinery. Calculation of field capacities and field
efficiency. Calculations for economics of machinery usage, comparison of ownership with
hiring of machines. Introduction to seed-bed preparation and its classification. Familiarization
with land reclamation and earth moving equipment. Introduction to machines used for
primary tillage, secondary tillage, rotary tillage, deep tillage and minimum tillage.
Measurement of draft of tillage tools and calculations for power requirement for the tillage
machines. Introduction to tillage machines like mould-board plough, disc plough, chisel
plough, sub- soiler, harrows, cultivators, Identification of major functional components.
Attachments with tillage machinery. Introduction to sowing, planting & transplanting
equipment. Introduction to seed drills, no-till drills, and strip-till drills. Introduction to
planters, bed-planters and other planting equipment. Study of types of furrow openers and
metering systems in drills and planters. Calibration of seed-drills/ planters. Adjustments
during operation. Introduction to materials used in construction of farm machines. Heat
treatment processes and their requirement in farm machines. Properties of materials used for
critical and functional components of agricultural machines. Introduction to steels and alloys
for agricultural application. Identification of heat treatment processes specially for the
agricultural machinery components.
Practical
Familiarization with different farm implements and tools. Study of hitching systems,
Problems on machinery management. Study of primary and secondary tillage machinery –
construction, operation, adjustments and calculations of power and draft requirements. Study
of sowing and planting equipment – construction, types, calculation for calibration and
adjustments. Study of transplanters – paddy, vegetable, etc. Identification of materials of
construction in agricultural machinery and study of material properties. Study of heat
treatment processes subjected to critical components of agricultural machinery.
Suggested Readings
Kepner RA, Roy Barger & EL Barger. Principles of Farm Machinery. Smith HP and LH
Wilkey. Farm Machinery and Equipment.
Culpin Claude. Farm Machinery.
Srivastava AC. Elements of Farm Machinery.
Lal Radhey and AC Datta. Agricultural Engineering.

32
 2. Farm Machinery and Equipment-II 3(2+1)
Theory
Introduction to plant protection equipment – sprayers and dusters. Classification of sprayers
and sprays. Types of nozzles. Calculations for calibration of sprayers and chemical
application rates. Introduction to interculture equipment. Use of weeders – manual and
powered. Study of functional requirements of weeders and main components. Familiarization
of fertilizer application equipment. Study of harvesting operation – harvesting methods,
harvesting terminology. Study of mowers – types, constructional details, working and
adjustments. Study of shear type harvesting devices – cutter bar, inertial forces, counter
balancing, terminology, cutting pattern. Study of reapers, binders and windrowers – principle
of operation and constructional details. Importance of hay conditioning, methods of hay
conditioning, and calculation of moisture content of hay. Introduction to threshing systems –
manual and mechanical systems. Types of threshing drums and their applications. Types of
threshers- tangential and axial, their constructional details and cleaning systems. Study of
factors affecting thresher performance. Study of grain combines, combine terminology,
classification of grain combines, study of material flow in combines. Computation of combine
losses, study of combine troubles and troubleshooting. Study of chaff cutters and capacity
calculations. Study of straw combines – working principle and constructional details. Study of
root crop diggers – principle of operation, blade adjustment and approach angle, and
calculation of material handled. Study of potato and groundnut diggers. Study of Cotton
harvesting – Cotton harvesting mechanisms, study of cotton pickers and strippers, functional
components. Study of maize harvesting combines. Introduction to vegetables and fruit
harvesting equipment and tools.
Practical
Familiarization with plant protection and interculture equipment. Study of sprayers, types,
functional components. Study of dusters, types and functional components. Calculations for
chemical application rates. Study of nozzle types and spread pattern using patternator.
Familiarization with manual and powered weeding equipment and identification of functional
components. Study of fertilizer application equipment including manure spreaders and
fertilizer broadcasters. Study of various types of mowers, reaper, reaper binder. Study of
functional components of mowers and reapers. Familiarization with threshing systems,
cleaning systems in threshers. Calculations of losses in threshers. Familiarization with
functional units of Grain combines and their types. Calculations for grain losses in a combine.
Study of root crop diggers and familiarization with the functional units and attachments.
Familiarization with the working of cotton and maize harvesters. Familiarization with
vegetable and fruit harvesters.
Suggested Readings
Kepner RA, Roy Barger & EL Barger. Principles of Farm Machinery. Smith HP and LH
Wilkey. Farm Machinery and Equipment.
Culpin Claude. Farm Machinery.
Srivastava AC. Elements of Farm Machinery.
Lal Radhey and AC Datta. Agricultural Engineering Principles of Farm Machinery.

3. Tractor and Automotive Engines 3(2+1)

Theory
Study of sources of farm power –conventional & non-conventional energy sources.
Classification of tractors and IC engines. Review of thermodynamic principles of IC (CI &
SI) engines and deviation from ideal cycle. General energy equation and heat balance sheet.
Study of mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiencies. Study of engine components their
construction, operating principles and functions. Study of engine strokes and comparison of 2-
stroke and 4-stroke engine cycles and CI and SI engines. Study of Engine Valve systems,

33
valve mechanism, Valve timing diagram, and valve clearance adjustment Study of Cam
profile, valve lift and valve opening area. Study of importance of air cleaning system. Study
of types of air cleaners and performance characteristics of various air cleaners. Study of fuel
supply system. Study of fuels, properties of fuels, calculation of air-fuel ratio. Study of tests
on fuel for SI and CI engines. Study of detonation and knocking in IC engines. Study of
carburetion system, carburetors and their main functional components. Study of fuel injection
system – Injection pump, their types, working principles. Fuel injector nozzles – their types
and working principle. Engine governing – need of governors, governor types and governor
characteristics. Study of lubrication system – need, types, functional components. Study of
lubricants – physical properties, additives and their application. Engine cooling system –
need, cooling methods and main functional components. Study of need and type of thermostat
valves. Additives in the coolant. Study of radiator efficiency. Study of ignition system of SI
engines. Study of electrical system including battery, starting motor, battery charging, cut-out,
etc. Comparison of dynamo and alternator. Familiarization with the basics of engine testing
Practical
Introduction to different systems of CI engines; Engine parts and functions, working
principles etc. Valve system – study, construction and adjustments; Oil & Fuel –
determination of physical properties; Air cleaning system; Fuel supply system of SI engine;
Diesel injection system & timing; Cooling system, and fan performance, thermostat and
radiator performance evaluation; Part load efficiencies & governing; Lubricating system &
adjustments; Starting and electrical system; Ignition system; Tractor engine heat balance and
engine performance curves; Visit to engine manufacturer/ assembler/ spare parts agency.
Suggested Readings
Liljedahl J B and Others. Tractors and Their Power Units. Rodichev V and G Rodicheva.
Tractors and Automobiles.
Mathur ML and RP Sharma. A course in Internal Combustion Engines. Singh Kirpal.
Automobile Engineering – Vol II.
Heitner Joseph. Automotive Mechanics : Principles and Practices.

4. Tractor Systems and Controls 3(2+1)

Theory
Study of need for transmission system in a tractor. Transmission system – types, major
functional systems. Study of clutch – need, types, functional requirements, construction and
principle of operation. Familiarization with single plate, multi-plate, centrifugal and dual
clutch systems. Study of Gear Box – Gearing theory, principle of operation, gear box types,
functional requirements, and calculation for speed ratio. Study of differential system – need,
functional components, construction, calculation for speed reduction. Study of need for a final
drive. Study of Brake system – types, principle of operation, construction, calculation for
braking torque. Study of steering system – requirements, steering geometry characteristics,
functional components, calculation for turning radius. Familiarization with Ackerman
steering. Steering systems in track type tractors. Study of Hydraulic system in a tractor –
Principle of operation, types, main functional components, functional requirements.
Familiarization with the Hydraulic system adjustments and ADDC. Study of tractor power
outlets – PTO. PTO standards, types and functional requirements. Introduction to traction.
Traction terminology. Theoretical calculation of shear force and rolling resistance on traction
device. Study of wheels and tyres – Solid tyres and pneumatic tyres, tyre construction and
tyre specifications. Study of traction aids. Study of tractor mechanics – forces acting on the
tractor. Determination of CG of a tractor. Determination and importance of moment of inertia
of a tractor. Study of tractor static equilibrium, tractor stability especially at turns.
Determination of maximum drawbar pull. Familiarization with tractor as a spring-mass
system. Ergonomic considerations and operational safety. Introduction to tractor testing.

34
Deciphering the engine test codes.
Practical
Introduction to transmission systems and components; Study of clutch functioning, parts and
design problem on clutch system; Study of different types of gear box, calculation of speed
ratios, design problems on gear box; Study on differential and final drive and planetary gears;
Study of brake systems and some design problems; Steering geometry and adjustments; Study
of hydraulic systems in a tractor, hydraulic trainer and some design problems; Appraisal of
various controls in different makes tractors in relation to anthropometric measurements.
Determination of location of CG of a tractor, Moment of Inertia of a tractor. Traction
performance of a traction wheel.
Suggested Readings
Liljedahl J B and Others. Tractors and Their Power Units. Rodichev V and G Rodicheva.
Tractors and Automobiles. Singh Kirpal. Automobile Engineering – Vol I.
Heitner Joseph. Automotive Mechanics: Principles and Practices. C.B.Richey. Agricultural
Engineering Handbook.
John Deere. Fundamentals of Service Hydraulics. Relevant BIS Test Codes for Tractors.

5. Tractor and Farm Machinery Operation and Maintenance 2(0+2)

Practical
Familiarization with different makes and models of agricultural tractors. Identification of
functional systems including fuels system, cooling system, transmission system, steering and
hydraulic systems. Study of maintenance points to be checked before starting a tractor.
Familiarization with controls on a tractor. Safety rules and precautions to be observed while
driving a tractor. Driving practice of tractor. Practice of operating a tillage tool (mould-board
plough/ disc plough) and their adjustment in the field. Study of field patterns while operating
a tillage implement. Hitching & De-hitching of mounted and trail type implement to the
tractor. Driving practice with a trail type trolley – forward and in reverse direction.
Introduction to tractor maintenance – precautionary and break-down maintenance. Tractor
starting with low battery charge. Introduction to trouble shooting in tractors. Familiarization
with tools for general and special maintenance. Introduction to scheduled maintenance after
10, 100, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 hours of operation. Safety hints. Top end overhauling. Fuel
saving tips. Preparing the tractor for storage. Care and maintenance procedure of agricultural
machinery during operation and off-season. Repair and maintenance of implements –
adjustment of functional parameters in tillage implements. Replacement of broken
components in tillage implements. Replacement of furrow openers and change of blades of
rotavators. Maintenance of cutter bar in a reaper. Adjustments in a thresher for different
crops. Replacement of V-belts on implements. Setting of agricultural machinery workshop.

Suggested Readings
Ghosh RK and S Swan. Practical Agricultural Engineering. Black PO and WE Scahill. Diesel
Engine Manual.
Southorn N. Tractor operation and maintenance.
Jain SC and CR Rai. Farm Tractor Maintenance and Repair. Operators manuals of tractors.
Service manuals provided by manufacturers.

35
(vii) Department of Processing and Food Engineering13 (8+5)

1. Engineering Properties of Agricultural Produce 2 (1+1)

Theory
Classification and importance of engineering properties of Agricultural Produce, shape, size,
roundness, sphericity, volume, density, porosity, specific gravity, surface area of grains, fruits
and vegetables, Thermal properties, Heat capacity, Specific heat, Thermal conductivity,
Thermal diffusivity, Heat of respiration; Co-efficient of thermal expansion, Friction in
agricultural materials; Static friction, Kinetic friction, rolling resistance, angle of internal
friction, angle of repose, Flow of bulk granular materials, Aero dynamics of agricultural
products, drag coefficients, terminal velocity. Rheological properties; force, deformation,
stress, strain, elastic, plastic and viscous behaviour, Newtonian and Non-Newtonian liquid,
Visco-elasticity, Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid, Pseudo-plastic, Dilatant, Thixotropic,
Rheopectic and Bingham Plastic Foods, Flow curves. Electrical properties; dielectric loss
factor, loss tangent, A.C. conductivity and dielectric constant, method of determination.
Application of engineering properties in handling processing machines and storage structures
Practical
Determination of the shape and size of grains, fruits and vegetables, Determination of bulk
density and angle of repose of grains, Determination of the particle density/true density and
porosity of solid grains, Finding the co-efficient of external and internal friction of different
crops, Finding out the terminal velocity of grain sample and study the separating behaviour in
a vertical wind tunnel, Finding the thermal conductivity of different grains, Determination of
specific heat of some food grains, Determination of hardness of food material and
determination of viscosity of liquid foods.
Suggested Readings
Mohesin, N.N. 1980. Physical Properties of Plants & Animals. Gordon & Breach Science
Publishers
, New York.
Mohesin, N.N. 1980. Thermal Properties of Foods and Agricultural Materials. Gordon &
Breach Science Publishers , New York.
Prentice, J.H. 1984. Measurement in Rheological Properties of Food Stuffs. Elsevier Applied
science Pub. Co. Inc. New York.
Rao, M.A. and Rizvi, S.H., 1995. Engineering Properties of Foods. Marcel Dekker Inc. New
York.
Singhal OP & Samuel DVK. 2003. Engineering Properties of Biological Materials. Saroj
Prakashan.

2. Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control 3( 2+1)

Theory
Planning and layout of farmstead. Scope, importance and need for environmental control,
physiological reaction of livestock environmental factors, environmental control systems and
their design, control of temperature, humidity and other air constituents by ventilation and
other methods, Livestock production facilities, BIS Standards for dairy, piggery, poultry and
other farm structures. Design, construction and cost estimation of farm structures; animal
shelters, compost pit, fodder silo, fencing and implement sheds, barn for cows, buffalo,
poultry, etc. Storage of grains, Causes of spoilage, Water activity for low and high moisture
food and its limits for storage, Moisture and temperature changes in grain bins; Traditional
storage structures and their improvements, Improved storage structures (CAP, hermetic
storage, Pusa bin, RCC ring bins), Design consideration for grain storage godowns, Bag

36
storage structures, Shallow and Deep bin, Calculation of pressure in bins, Storage of seeds.
Rural living and development, rural roads, their construction cost and repair and maintenance.
Sources of water supply, norms of water supply for human being and animals, drinking water
standards and water treatment suitable to rural community. Site and orientation of building in
regard to sanitation, community sanitation system; sewage system and its design, cost and
maintenance, design of septic tank for small family. Estimation of domestic power
requirement, source of power supply and electrification of rural housing.
Practical
Measurements for environmental parameters and cooling load of a farm building, Design and
layout of a dairy farm, Design and layout of a poultry house, Design and layout of a goat
house/sheep house, Design of a farm fencing system, Design of a feed/fodder storage
structures, Design of grain storage structures, Design and layout of commercial bag and bulk
storage facilities, Study and performance evaluation of different domestic storage structure,
Estimation of a Farm building.
Suggested Readings
Pandey, P.H. Principles and practices of Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control,
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
Ojha, T.P and Michael, A.M. Principles of Agricultural Engineering, Vol. I, Jain Brothers,
Karol Bag, New Delhi.
Nathonson, J.A. Basic Environmental Technology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
Venugopal Rao, P. Text Book of Environmental Engineering, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi.
Garg, S.K. Water Supply Engineering, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi-6.
Dutta, B.N. Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering, Duttta & CO, Lucknow.
Khanna, P.N. Indian Practical Civil Engineer’s Hand Book, Engineer’s Publishers, New
Delhi.
Sahay, K.M. and Singh, K.K. Unit Operations of Agricultural Processing, Vikas publishing
pvt. Ltd, Noida.
Banerjee, G.C. A Text Book of Animal Husbandry, Oxford IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi.

3. Post Harvest Engineering of Cereals, Pulses and Oil Seeds 3(2+1)

Theory
Cleaning and grading, aspiration, scalping; size separators, screens, sieve analysis, capacity
and effectiveness of screens. Various types of separators: specific gravity, magnetic, disc,
spiral, pneumatic, inclined draper, velvet roll, colour sorters, cyclone, shape graders. Size
reduction: principle, Bond’s law, Kick’s law, Rittinger’s law, procedure (crushing, impact,
cutting and shearing), Size reduction machinery: Jaw crusher, Hammer mill, Plate mill, Ball
mill. Material handling equipment. Types of conveyors: Belt, roller, chain and screw.
Elevators: bucket, Cranes & hoists. Trucks (refrigerated/ unrefrigerated), Pneumatic
conveying. Drying: moisture content and water activity; Free, bound and equilibrium
moisture content, isotherm, hysteresis effect, EMC determination, Psychrometric chart and its
use in drying, Drying principles and theory, Thin layer and deep bed drying analysis, Falling
rate and constant rate drying periods, maximum and decreasing drying rate period, drying
equations, Mass and energy balance, Shedd’s equation, Dryer performance, Different
methods of drying, batch-continuous; mixing-non-mixing, Sun-mechanical, conduction,
convection, radiation, superheated steam, tempering during drying, Different types of grain
dryers: bin, flat bed, LSU, columnar, RPEC, fluidized, rotary and tray. Mixing: Theory of
mixing of solids and pastes, Mixing index, types of mixers for solids, liquid foods and pastes.
Milling of rice: Conditioning and parboiling, advantages and disadvantages, traditional
methods, CFTRI and Jadavpur methods, Pressure parboiling method, Types of rice mills,
Modern rice milling, different unit operations and equipment. Milling of wheat, unit

37
operations and equipment. Milling of pulses: traditional milling methods, commercial
methods, pre-conditioning, dry milling and wet milling methods: CFTRI and Pantnagar
methods. Pulse milling machines, Milling of corn and its products. Dry and wet milling.
Milling of oilseeds: mechanical expression, screw press, hydraulic press, solvent extraction
methods, preconditioning of oilseeds, refining of oil, stabilization of rice bran., Extrusion
cooking: principle, factors affecting, single and twin screw extruders. By-products utilization.
Practical
Performance evaluation of different types of cleaners and separators, Determination of
separation efficiency, Study of different size reduction machines and performance evaluation,
Determination of fineness modulus and uniformity index, Study of different types of
conveying and elevating equipments, Study of different types of mixers. Measurement of
moisture content: dry basis and wet basis, Study on drying characteristics of grains and
determination of drying constant, Determination of EMC (Static and dynamic method), Study
of various types of dryers, Study of different equipments in rice mills and their performance
evaluation, Study of different equipments in pulse mills and their performance evaluation,
Study of different equipments in oil mills and their performance evaluation, Type of process
flow charts with examples relating to processing of cereals pulses and oil seeds, Visit to grain
processing industries.

Suggested Readings
Chakraverty, A. Post Harvest Technology of cereals, pulses and oilseeds. Oxford & IBH
publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Dash, S.K., Bebartta, J.P. and Kar, A. Rice Processing and Allied Operations. Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
Sahay, K.M. and Singh, K.K. 1994. Unit operations of Agricultural Processing. Vikas
Publishing house Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
Geankoplis C. J. Transport processes and unit operations, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New
Delhi
Earle, R.L. 2003. Unit Operations in Food Processing. Pergamon Press. Oxford. U.K.
Henderson, S.M., and Perry, R. L. Agricultural Process Engineering, Chapman and hall,
London
McCabe, W.L., Smith J.C. and Harriott, P. Unit operations of Chemical Engineering.
McGraw Hill.
Singh, R. Paul. and Heldman, R.Dennis. 2004. Introduction to Food Engineering. 3rd
Edition. Academic Press, London.

4. Post Harvest Engineering of Horticultural Crops 2 (1+1)

Theory
Importance of processing of fruits and vegetables, spices, condiments and flowers.
Characteristics and properties of horticultural crops important for processing, Peeling:
Different peeling methods and devices (manual peeling, mechanical peeling, chemical
peeling, and thermal peeling), Slicing of horticultural crops: equipment for slicing, shredding,
crushing, chopping, juice extraction, etc., Blanching: Importance and objectives; blanching
methods, effects on food (nutrition, colour, pigment, texture), Chilling and freezing:
Application of refrigeration in different perishable food products, Thermophilic, mesophilic &
Psychrophilic micro-organisms, Chilling requirements of different fruits and vegetables,
Freezing of food, freezing time calculations, slow and fast freezing, Equipment for chilling
and freezing (mechanical & cryogenic), Effect on food during chilling and freezing, Cold
storage heat load calculations and cold storage design, refrigerated vehicle and cold chain
system, Dryers for fruits and vegetables, Osmo-dehydration, Packaging of horticultural
commodities, Packaging requirements (in terms of light transmittance, heat, moisture and gas

38
proof, micro organisms, mechanical strength), Different types of packaging materials
commonly used for raw and processed fruits and vegetables products, bulk and retail
packages and packaging machines, handling and transportation of fruits and vegetables, Pack
house technology, Minimal processing, Common methods of storage, Low temperature
storage, evaporative cooled storage, Controlled atmospheric storage, Modified atmospheric
packaging, Preservation Technology, General methods of preservation of fruits and
vegetables, Brief description and advantages and disadvantages of different physical/
chemical and other methods of preservation, Flowcharts for preparation of different finished
products, Important parameters and equipment used for different unit operations, Post harvest
management and equipment for spices and flowers, Quality control in Fruit and vegetable
processing industry. Food supply chain.
Practical
Performance evaluation of peeler and slicer, Performance evaluation of juicer and pulper,
Performance evaluation of blanching equipment, Testing adequacy of blanching, Study of
cold storage and its design, Study of CAP and MAP storage, Minimal processing of
vegetables, Preparation of value added products, Visit to fruit and vegetable processing
industry, Visit to spice processing plant
Suggested Readings
Arthey, D. and Ashurst, P. R. 1966. Fruit Processing. Chapman and Hall, New York.
Pantastico, E.C.B. 1975. Postharvest physiology, handling and utilization of tropical and
subtropical fruits and vegetables AVI Pub. Co., New Delhi.
Pandey, R.H. 1997. Postharvest Technology of fruits and vegetables (Principles and
practices). Saroj Prakashan, Allahabad.
Sudheer, K P. and Indira, V. 2007. Post Harvest Engineering of horticultural crops. New india
Publishing House.

5. Dairy and Food Engineering 3 (2+1)

Theory
Deterioration in food products and their controls, Physical, chemical and biological methods
of food preservation. Nanotechnology: History, fundamental concepts, tools and techniques
nanomaterials, applications in food packaging and products, implications, environmental
impact of nanomaterials and their potential effects on global economics, regulation of
nanotechnology. Dairy development in India, Engineering, thermal and chemical properties of
milk and milk products, Process flow charts for product manufacture, Unit operation of
various dairy and food processing systems. Principles and equipment related to receiving of
milk, pasteurization, sterilization, homogenization, centrifugation and cream separation.
Preparation methods and equipment for manufacture of cheese, paneer, butter and ice cream,
Filling and packaging of milk and milk products; Dairy plant design and layout, Plant
utilities; Principles of operation and equipment for thermal processing, Canning, Aseptic
processing, Evaporation of food products: principle, types of evaporators, steam economy,
multiple effect evaporation, vapour recompression, Drying of liquid and perishable foods:
principles of drying, spray drying, drum drying, freeze drying, Filtration: principle, types of
filters; Membrane separation, RO, Nano-filtration, Ultra filtration and Macro-filtration,
equipment and applications, Non-thermal and other alternate thermal processing in Food
processing.
Practical
Study of pasteurizers, Study of sterilizers, Study of homogenizers, Study of separators, Study
of butter churns, Study of evaporators, Study of milk dryers, Study of freezers, Study of
filtration, Design of food processing plants & preparation of layout, Visit to multi-product
dairy plant, Estimation of steam requirements, Estimation of refrigeration requirements in
dairy & food plant, Visit to Food industry.

39
Suggested Readings
Ahmed, T. 1997. Dairy Plant Engineering and Management. 4th Ed. Kitab Mahal.
McCabe, W.L. and Smith, J. C. 1999. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering. McGraw
Hill.
Rao, D.G. Fundamentals of Food Engineering. PHI learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. Singh, R.P.
& Heldman, D.R. 1993. Introduction to Food Engineering. Academic Press. Toledo, R. T.
1997. Fundamentals of Food Process Engineering. CBS Publisher.
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering 9(6+3)

6. Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Sources 3 (2+1)

Theory
Concept and limitation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Criteria for assessing the
potential of RES, Classification of RES, Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Biomass, Ocean energy
sources, Comparison of renewable energy sources with non renewable sources. Solar
Energy: Energy available from Sun, Solar radiation data, solar energy conversion into heat
through, Flat plate and Concentrating collectors, different solar thermal devices, Principle of
natural and forced convection drying system, Solar Photo voltaics: p-n junctions. Solar cells,
PV systems, Stand alone, Grid connected solar power station, Calculation of energy through
photovoltaic power generation and cost economics. Wind Energy: Energy available from
wind, General formula, Lift and drag. Basis of Wind energy conversion, Effect of density,
Frequency variances, Angle of attack, Wind speed, Types of Windmill rotors, Determination
of torque coefficient, Induction type generators, Working principle of wind power plant. Bio-
energy: Pyrolysis of Biomass to produce solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Biomass gasification,
Types of gasifier, various types of biomass cook stoves for rural energy needs. Biogas: types
of biogas plants, biogas generation, factors affecting biogas generation and usages, design
consideration, advantages and disadvantages of biogas spent slurry.
Practical
Study of different types of solar cookers, solar water heating system, natural convection solar
dryer, forced convection solar dryer, solar desalination unit, solar greenhouse for agriculture
production, biogas plants, biomass gasifiers, biomass improved cook-stoves, solar
photovoltaic system.
Suggested Readings
Rai, G.D. 2013. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Khanna Publishers, Delhi. Rai, G.D.,
Solar Energy Utilization, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.
Khandelwal, K.C. & S. S. Mahdi. 1990. Biogas Technology- A Practical Handbook.
Rathore N. S., Kurchania A. K., Panwar N. L. 2007. Non Conventional Energy Sources,
Himanshu Publications.
Tiwari, G.N. and Ghoshal, M.K. 2005. Renewable Energy Resources: Basic Principles and
Applications. Narosa Pub. House. Delhi.
Rathore N. S., Kurchania A. K., Panwar N. L. 2007. Renewable Energy, Theory and Practice,
Himanshu Publications.

7. Renewable Power Sources 3 (2+1)

Theory
Energy consumption pattern & energy resources in India. Renewable energy options,
potential
and utilization. Biogas technology and mechanisms, generation of power from biogas, Power
generation from urban, municipal and industrial waste. Design & use of different commercial
sized biogas plant. Solar thermal and photovoltaic Systems for power generation. Central
receiver (Chimney) and distributed type solar power plant, OTEC, MHD, hydrogen and fuel
cell technology. Wind farms. Aero-generators. Wind power generation system. Power

40
generation from biomass (gasification & Dendro thermal), Mini and micro small hydel plants.
Fuel cells and its associated parameters.
Practical
Performance evaluation of solar water heater; Performance evaluation of solar cooker;
Characteristics of solar photovoltaic panel; evaluation of solar air heater/dryer; Performance
evaluation of biomass gasifier engine system (throatless & downdraft), Performance
evaluation of a fixed dome type biogas plant; Performance evaluation of floating drum type
biogas plant; Estimation of calorific value of biogas & producer gas; Testing of diesel engine
operation using dual fuel and gas alone.
Suggested Readings
Garg H.P. 1990. Advances in Solar Energy Technology; D. Publishing Company, Tokyo.
Alan L: Farredbruch & R.H. Buse. 1983. Fundamentals of Solar Academic Press, London.
Bansal N.K., Kleemann M. & Meliss Michael. 1990. Renewable Energy Sources &
Conversion Technology; Tata Mecgrow Publishing Company, New Delhi.
Rathore N. S., Kurchania A. K. & N.L. Panwar. 2007. Non Conventional Energy Sources,
Himanshu Publications.
Mathur, A.N. & N.S. Rathore. 1992. Biogas Production Management & Utilization.
Himanshu Publications, Udaipur.
Khandelwal, K.C. & S.S. Mahdi. 1990. Biogas Technology.
Rai, G.D. 2013. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.
Mathur A.N. & N.S. Rathore. Renewable Energy Sources Bohra Ganesh Publications,
Udaipur.

8. Bio-Energy Systems: Design and Applications 3 (2+1)

Theory
Fermentation processes and its general requirements, An overview of aerobic and anaerobic
fermentation processes and their industrial application. Heat transfer processes in anaerobic
digestion systems, land fill gas technology and potential. Biomass Production: Wastelands,
classification and their use through energy plantation, selection of species, methods of field
preparation and transplanting. Harvesting of biomass and coppicing characteristics. Biomass
preparation techniques for harnessing (size reduction, densification and drying). Thermo-
chemical degradation. History of small gas producer engine system. Chemistry of
gasification. Gas producer – type, operating principle. Gasifier fuels, properties, preparation,
conditioning of producer gas. Application, shaft power generation, thermal application and
economics. Trans-esterification for biodiesel production. A range of bio-hydrogen production
routes. Environmental aspect of bio-energy, assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation
potential.
Practical
Study of anaerobic fermentation system for industrial application, Study of gasification for
industrial process heat, Study of biodiesel production unit, Study of biomass densification
technique (briquetting, pelletization, and cubing), Integral bio energy system for industrial
application, Study of bio energy efficiency in industry and commercial buildings, Study and
demonstration of energy efficiency in building, Measuring efficiency of different insulation
technique, Study of Brayton, Striling and Rankine cycles, Study of modern greenhouse
technologies.
Suggested Readings
British BioGen. 1997, Anaerobic digestion of farm and food processing practices- Good
practice guidelines, London, available on www.britishbiogen.co.UK.
Butler, S. 2005. Renewable Energy Academy: Training wood energy professionals.
Centre for biomass energy. 1998. Straw for energy production; Technology- Environment-
Ecology. Available: www.ens.dk.

41
 ELECTIVE COURSES
Each Institute will have option to offer 3 (three) need based elective courses equivalent to 9
Credit Hours as per the need of the state/industries/other stake holders under the proposed list
of Elective Courses.
Floods and Control Measures 3(2+1)
Theory
Floods - causes of occurrence, flood classification - probable maximum flood, standard
project flood, design flood, flood estimation - methods of estimation; estimation of flood peak
- rational method, empirical methods, unit hydrograph method. Statistics in hydrology, flood
frequency methods - log normal, Gumbel’s extreme value, log-Pearson type-III distribution;
depth-area-duration analysis. Flood forecasting. Flood routing - channel routing, Muskingum
method, reservoir routing, modified Pul’s method. Flood control - history of flood control,
structural and non-structural measures of flood control, storage and detention reservoirs,
levees, channel improvement. Gully erosion and its control structures - design and
implementation. Ravine control measures. River training works, planning of flood control
projects and their economics. Earthen embankments - functions, classification - hydraulic fill
and rolled fill dams - homogeneous, zoned and diaphragm type, foundation requirements,
grouting, seepage through dams, flow net and its properties, seepage pressure, seepage line in
composite earth embankments, drainage filters, piping and its causes. Design and construction
of earthen dam, stability of earthen embankments against failure by tension, overturning,
sliding etc., stability of slopes - analysis of failure by different methods. Subsurface dams -
site selection and constructional features. Check dam - Small earthen embankments - types
and design criteria. Subsurface dams - site selection and constructional features.
Determination of flood stage-discharge relationship in a watershed. Determination of flood
peak-area relationships. Determination of frequency distribution functions for extreme flood
values using Gumbel’s method. Determination of confidence limits of the flood peak
estimates for Gumbel’s extreme value distribution. Determination of frequency distribution
functions for extreme flood values using log-Pearson Type-III distribution. Determination of
probable maximum flood, standard project flood and spillway design flood. Design of levees
for flood control. Design of jetties. Study of vegetative and structural measures for gully
stabilization. Design of gully/ravine control structures and cost estimation. Designing,
planning and cost- benefit analysis of a flood control project. Study of different types,
materials and design considerations of earthen dams. Determination of the position of phreatic
line in earth dams for various conditions, stability analysis of earthen dams against head water
pressure, foundation shear, sudden draw down condition etc. Stability of slopes of earth dams
by friction circle and other methods. Construction of flow net for isotropic and anisotropic
media. Computation of seepage by different methods. Determination of settlement of earth
dam. Input-output-storage relationships by reservoir routing. Visit to sites of earthen dam and
water harvesting structures.
Suggested Readings
Michael, A.M. and T.P. Ojha. 2003. Principles of Agricultural Engineering. Volume II. 4th
Edition, Jain Brothers, New Delhi.
Murthy, V.V.N. 2002. Land and Water Management Engineering. 4th Edition, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
Suresh, R. 2014. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. Standard Publisher
Distributors, New Delhi.
Mutreja, K.N. 1990. Applied Hydrology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York,
Delhi.
Subramanya, K. 2008. Engineering Hydrology. 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Co., New Delhi.
Bureau of Reclamation. 1987. Design of Small Dams. US Department of Interior,

42
Washington DC, USA.
Arora, K.R. 2014. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (Geotechnical Engineering).
Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
Garg, S.K. 2014. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Khanna Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
Stephens Tim. 2010. Manual on Small Earth Dams - A Guide to Siting, Design and
Construction.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.

Wasteland Development 3(2+1)

Theory
Land degradation – concept, classification - arid, semiarid, humid and sub-humid regions,
denuded range land and marginal lands. Wastelands - factors causing, classification and
mapping of wastelands, planning of wastelands development - constraints, agro-climatic
conditions, development options, contingency plans. Conservation structures - gully
stabilization, ravine rehabilitation, sand dune stabilization, water harvesting and recycling
methods. Afforestation - agro-horti-forestry-silvipasture methods, forage and fuel crops -
socioeconomic constraints. Shifting cultivation, optimal land use options. Wasteland
development – hills, semi-arid, coastal areas, water scarce areas, reclamation of waterlogged
and salt-affected lands. Mine spoils- impact, land degradation and reclamation and
rehabilitation, slope stabilization and mine environment management. Micro-irrigation in
wastelands development. Sustainable wasteland development - drought situations, socio-
economic perspectives. Government policies. Participatory approach. Preparation of proposal
for wasteland development and benefit-cost analysis.
Mapping and classification of wastelands. Identification of factors causing wastelands.
Estimation of vegetation density and classification. Planning and design of engineering
measures for reclamation of wastelands. Design and estimation of different soil and water
conservation structures under arid, semiarid and humid conditions. Planning and design of
micro-irrigation in wasteland development. Cost estimation of the above
measures / structures. Visit to wasteland development project sites.
Suggested Readings
Abrol, I.P., and V.V. Dhruvanarayana. 1998. Technologies for Wasteland Development.
ICAR, New Delhi.
Ambast, S.K., S.K. Gupta and Gurcharan Singh (Eds.) 2007. Agricultural Land Drainage -
Reclamation of Waterlogged Saline Lands. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal,
Haryana.
Hridai Ram Yadav. 2013. Management of Wastelands. Concept Publishing Company. New
Delhi.
Karthikeyan, C., K. Thangaraja, C. Cinthia Fernandez and K. Chandrakandon. 2009. Dryland
Agriculture and Wasteland Management. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
Rattan Lal and B.A. Stewart (Ed.). 2015. Soil Management of Smallholder Agriculture.
Volume 21 of Advances in Soil Science. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Florida,
USA.
Robert Malliva and Thomas Missimer. 2012. Arid Lands Water Evaluation and Management.
Springer Heidelberg, New York.
Swaminathan, M.S. 2010. Science and Integrated Rural Development. Concept Publishing
Company
(P) Ltd., Delhi.
The Energy and Resources Institute. 2003. Looking Back to Think Ahead-Green India 2047.
Growth with Resource Enhancement of Environment and Nature. New Delhi.

43
Virmani, S.M. (Ed.). 2010. Degraded and Wastelands of India: Status and Spatial
Distribution. ICAR, New Delhi.
Information Technology for Land and Water Management 3(2+1)
Theory
Concept of Information Technology (IT) and its application potential. Role of IT in natural
resources management. Existing system of information generation and organizations involved
in the field of land and water management. Application and production of multimedia.
Internet application tools and web technology. Networking system of information. Problems
and prospects of new information and communication technology. Development of database
concept for effective natural resources management. Application of remote sensing,
geographic information system (GIS) and GPS. Rational data base management system.
Object oriented approaches. Information system, decision support systems and expert
systems. Agricultural information management systems - use of mathematical models and
programmes. Application of decision support systems, multi sensor data loggers and overview
of software packages in natural resource management. Video-conferencing of scientific
information.
Practical
Multimedia production. Internet applications: E-mail, voice mail, web tools and technologies.
Handling and maintenance of new information technologies and exploiting their potentials.
Exercises on database management using database and spreadsheet programmes. Usage of
remote sensing, GIS and GPS survey in information generation and processing. Exercises on
running computer software packages dealing with water balance, crop production, land
development, land and water allocation, watershed analysis etc. Exercises on simple decision
support and expert systems for management of natural resources. Multimedia production
using different softwares. Exercises on development of information system on selected
theme(s). Video-conferencing of scientific information.

Suggested Readings
Climate-Smart Agriculture – Source Book. 2013. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
Daniel P. Loucks and Eelco van Beek. 2005. Water Resources Systems Planning and
Management - An Introduction to Methods, Models and Applications. UNESCO, Paris.
Dipak De and Basavaprabhu Jirli (Eds.). 2010. Communication
Suppor for Sustainable Development. Ganga Kaveri Publishing House, Varanasi –
221001.
FAO. 1998. Land and Water Resources Information Systems. FAO Land and Water Bulletin
7, Rome.
Fuling Bian and Yichun Xie (Eds.). 2015. Geo-Informatics in Resource Management and
Sustainable Ecosystem. Springer, New York.
ICFAI Business School (IBS). 2012. Information Technology and Systems. IBS Centre for
Management Research, Hyderabad.
Robert Malliva and Thomas Missimer. 2012. Arid Lands Water Evaluation and Management.
Environmental Science. Springer, New York.
Sarvanan. R. 2011. Information and Communication Technology for Agriculture and Rural
Development. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
Soam, S.K., P.D. Sreekanth and N.H. Rao (Eds.). 2013. Geospatial Technologies
for Natural Resources Management. New India Publishing Agency, Delhi.

Remote Sensing and GIS Applications 3(2+1)

Theory
Basic component of remote sensing (RS), advantages and limitations of RS, possible use of
RS techniques in assessment and monitoring of land and water resources; electromagnetic

44
spectrum, energy interactions in the atmosphere and with the Earth’s surface; major
atmospheric windows; principal applications of different wavelength regions; typical spectral
reflectance curve for vegetation, soil and water; spectral signatures; different types of sensors
and platforms; contrast ratio and possible causes of low contrast; aerial photography; types
of aerial photographs, scale of aerial photographs, planning aerial photography- end lap and
side lap; stereoscopic vision, requirements of stereoscopic photographs; air-photo
interpretation- interpretation elements; photogrammetry- measurements on a single vertical
aerial photograph, measurements on a stereo-pair- vertical measurements by the parallax
method; ground control for aerial photography; satellite remote sensing, multispectral
scanner- whiskbroom and push-broom scanner; different types of resolutions; analysis of
digital data- image restoration; image enhancement; information extraction, image
classification, unsupervised classification, supervised classification, important consideration
in the identification of training areas, vegetation indices; microwave remote sensing. GI Sand
basic components, different sources of spatial data, basic spatial entities, major components of
spatial data, Basic classes of map projections and their properties, Methods of data input into
GIS, Data editing, spatial data models and structures, Attribute data management, integrating
data (map overlay) in GIS, Application of remote sensing and GIS for the management of
land and water resources.
Practical
Familiarization with remote sensing and GIS hardware; use of software for image
interpretation; interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite imagery; basic GIS operations
such as image display; study of various features of GIS software package; scanning,
digitization of maps and data editing; data base query and map algebra. GIS supported case
studies in water resources management.
Suggested Readings
Reddy Anji, M. 2006. Textbook of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems.
BS Publications, Hyderabad.
Elangovan, K. 2006. GIS Fundamentals Applications and Implementations. New India
Publication Agency, New Delhi.
George Joseph. 2005. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing. 2nd Edition. Universities Press
(India) Private Limited, Hyderabad.
Jensen, J.R. 2013. Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective.
Pearson Education Limited, UK.
Lillesand, T., R.W. Kiefer and J. Chipman. 2015. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation.
7th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Singapore Pvt. Ltd., Singapore.
Sabins, F.F. 2007. Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation. Third Edition, Waveland
Press Inc., Illinois, USA.
Sahu, K.C. 2008. Text Book of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems.
Atlantic Publishers and Distributors (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
Shultz, G.A. and E.T. Engman. 2000. Remote Sensing in Hydrology and Water
Management.
Springer, New York

Management of Canal Irrigation System3 (2+1)

Theory
Purpose benefits and ill effects of irrigation; typical network of canal irrigation system
and its different physical components; canal classification based on source of water, financial
output, purpose, discharge and alignment; canal alignment: general considerations for
alignment; performance indicators for canal irrigation system evaluation, Estimation of water
requirements for canal command areas and determination of canal capacity; water duty and
delta, relationship between duty, base period and delta, factors affecting duty and method of

45
improving duty; silt theory: Kennedy’s theory, design of channels by Kennedy’s theory,
Lacey’s regime theory and basic regime equations, design of channels by Lacey’s theory,
maintenance of unlined irrigation canals, measurement of discharge in canals, rostering (canal
running schedule) and warabandhi, necessity of canal lining: advantages and disadvantages,
types of canal lining and desirable characteristics for the suitability of lining materials; design
of lined canals; functions of distributary head and cross regulators; canal falls, their necessity
and factors affecting canal fall; sources of surplus water in canals and types of canal escapes;
requirements of a good canal outlet and types of outlet.
Practical
Estimation of water requirement of canal commands; determination of canal capacity; layout
of canal alignments on topographic maps, drawing of canal sections in cutting, full banking
and partial cutting and partial banking; determination of longitudinal section of canals;
design of irrigation canals based on silt theories; design of lined canals; formulation of
warabandhi; Study of canal outlets, regulators, escapes and canal falls.
Suggested Readings
Arora, K.R. 2001. Irrigation, Water Power and Water Resources Engineering. Standard
Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
Garg S. K. 2014. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Khanna Publishers New
Delhi.
Sahasrabudhe SR. 2011. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic structures. SK Kataria & Sons
Reprint 2015.
Minor Irrigation and Command Area Development 3(2+1)
Theory
Factors affecting performance of irrigation projects; types of minor irrigation systems
in India; lift irrigation systems: feasibility, type of pumping stations and their site selection,
design of lift irrigation systems; tank Irrigation: grouping of tanks, storage capacity,
supply works and sluices; command area development (CAD) programme- components,
need, scope, and development approaches, historical perspective, command area development
authorities-functions and responsibilities; on farm development works, reclamation works,
use of remote sensing techniques for CAD works; water productivity: concepts and measures
for enhancing water productivity; Farmers’ participation in command area development;
Practical
Preparation of command area development layout plan; Irrigation water requirement of
crops; Preparation of irrigation schedules; Planning and layout of water conveyance system;
design of surplus weir of tanks; determination of storage capacity of tanks; design of intake
pipe and pump house.
Suggested Readings
Arora, K.R. 2001. Irrigation, Water Power and Water Resources Engineering. Standard
Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
Garg S. K. 2014. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Khanna Publishers New
Delhi.
Michael A.M. 2012. Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Vikas Publishing Vikas Publ.House New
Delhi.
Sahasrabudhe SR. 2011. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic structures. SK Kataria & Sons
Reprint 2015.

Precision Farming Techniques for Protected Cultivation 3 (2+1)

Theory
Protected cultivation: Introduction, History, origin, development, National and International
Scenario, components of green house, perspective, Types of green houses, polyhouses /shed
nets, Cladding materials, Plant environment interactions – principles of limiting factors, solar

46
radiation and transpiration, greenhouse effect, light, temperature, relative humidity, carbon
dioxide enrichment, Design and construction of green houses – site selection, orientation,
design, construction, design for ventilation requirement using exhaust fan system, selection of
equipment, Greenhouse cooling system – necessity, methods – ventilation with roof and side
ventilators, evaporative cooling, different shading material fogging, combined fogging and
fan-pad cooling system, design of cooling system, maintenance of cooling and ventilation
systems, pad care etc. Greenhouse heating – necessity, components, methods, design of
heating system. Root media – types – soil and soil less media, composition, estimation,
preparation and disinfection, bed preparation. Planting techniques in green house cultivation.
Irrigation in greenhouse and net house – Water quality, types of irrigation system,
components, design, installation and material requirement. Fogging system for greenhouses
and net houses – introduction, benefits, design, installation and material requirement.
Maintenance of irrigation and fogging systems. Fertilization – nutrient deficiency symptoms
and functions of essential nutrient elements, principles of selection of proper application of
fertilizers, fertilizer scheduling, rate of application of fertilizers, methods, automated fertilizer
application. Greenhouse climate measurement, control and management. Insect and disease
management in greenhouse and net houses Selection of crops for greenhouse cultivation,
major crops in greenhouse – irrigation requirement, fertilizer management, cultivation,
harvesting and post harvest techniques; Economic analysis.

Practical
Estimation of material requirement for construction of greenhouse ; Determination of
fertilization schedule and rate of application for various crops; Estimation of material
requirement for preparation of root media; Root media preparation, bed preparation and
disinfections; Study of different planting techniques ; Design and installation of irrigation
system; Design and installation of fogging system ; Greenhouse heating; Study of different
greenhouse environment control instruments; Study of operation maintenance and fault
detection in irrigation system; Study of operation maintenance and fault detection in fogging
system; Economic analysis of greenhouses and net houses; Visit to greenhouses.
Suggested Readings
Singh Brahma and Balraj Singh. 2014. Advances in protected cultivation, New India
Publishing Company.
Sharma P. 2007. Precision Farming. Daya Publishing House New Delhi.

Water Quality and Management Measures 3 (2+1)

Theory
Natural factors affecting quality of surface water and groundwater, water quality objectives in
relation to domestic, industrial and agricultural activities, drinking water quality standards,
irrigation water quality classification as per USSL and All Indian Coordinated Research
Project (AICRP) criteria, point and non-point water pollution sources, water contamination
due to inorganic and organic compounds, water contamination related to agricultural
chemicals, food industry, hydrocarbon and synthetic organic compounds. Arsenic and
fluoride contamination in groundwater and remedial measures, water decontamination
technologies, cultural and management practices for using poor quality water for irrigation.
Practical
Water quality analysis and classification according to USSL and AICRP criteria; soil
chemical analysis and estimation of lime and gypsum requirements; study of salinity
development under shallow and deep water table conditions; study of contamination
movement and transport in soil profile; study of different water decontamination techniques;
study of different cultural and management practices for using poor quality water for
irrigation; field visit to industrial effluent disposal sites.

47
Suggested Readings
FAO. 1996. Control of water pollution from agriculture - FAO irrigation and drainage paper
55.
Gray, N.F. Water Technology. Raj Kamal Electric Press, Kundli, Haryana.
Hussain, S.K. 1986. Text Book of Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering. Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co. New Delhi.
Manahan, S.E. 2009. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry. CRC Press, New York.
McGauhey, P.H. 1968. Engineering Management of water quality. McGraw Hill Book
Company, New York.
Minhas, P.S. and Tyagi, N.K. 1998. Guidelines for irrigation with saline and alkali waters.
Bull. No, 1/98, CSSRI, Karnal, p. :36.
Punmia, B.C. and Lal, P.B.B. 1981. Irrigation and water power engineering. Standard
Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
Landscape Irrigation Design and Management 3 (2+1)
Theory
Conventional method of landscape irrigation- hose irrigation system, quick release coupling
system and portable sprinkler with hose pipes; Modern methods of landscape irrigation- pop-
up sprinklers, spray pop-up sprinkler, shrub adopter, drip irrigation and bubblers; Merits and
demerits of conventional and modern irrigation systems, types of landscapes and suitability of
different irrigation methods, water requirement for different landscapes, Segments of
landscape irrigation systems, Main components of modern landscape irrigation systems and
their selection criteria; Types of pipes, pressure ratings, sizing and selection criteria;
Automation system for landscape irrigation- main components, types of controllers and their
application, Design of modern landscape irrigation systems, operation and maintenance of
landscape irrigation systems.
Practical
Study of irrigation equipments for landscapes; Design and installation of irrigation system for
landscape, determination of water requirement. Determination of power requirement, pump
selection. Irrigation scheduling of landscapes, Study of irrigation controllers and other
equipments, Use of AutoCAD in irrigation design: blocks & symbols, head layout, zoning
and valves layout, pipe sizing, Pressure calculations etc., Visit to landscape irrigation system
and its evaluation.
Suggested Readings
Michael A.M. 2012. Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Vikas Publishing Vikas Publ. House
New Delhi.
Singh Neeraj Partap. 2010. Landscape Irrigation and Floriculture Terminology, Bangalore.
Smith Stepehen W. Landscape Irrigation and Management. Amazon. com.

Plastic Applications in Agriculture 3(2+1)

Theory
Introduction of plasticulture - types and quality of plastics used in soil and water
conservation, production agriculture and post harvest management. Quality control measures.
Present status and future prospective of plasticulture in India. Water management - use of
plastics in in-situ moisture conservation and rain water harvesting. Plastic film lining in canal,
pond and reservoir. Plastic pipes for irrigation water management, bore-well casing and
subsurface drainage. Drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. Use of polymers in control of
percolation losses in fields. Soil conditioning - soil solarisation, effects of different colour
plastic mulching in surface covered cultivation. Nursery management - Use of plastics in
nursery raising, nursery bags, trays etc. Controlled environmental cultivation - plastics as
cladding material, green / poly / shade net houses, wind breaks, poly tunnels and crop covers.
Plastic nets for crop protection - anti insect nets, bird protection nets. Plastic fencing. Plastics

48
in drying, preservation, handling and storage of agricultural produce, innovative plastic
packaging solutions for processed food products. Plastic cap covers for storage of food grains
in open. Use of plastics as alternate material for manufacturing farm equipment and
machinery. Plastics for aquacultural engineering and animal husbandry - animal shelters,
vermi-beds and inland fisheries. Silage film technique for fodder preservation. Agencies
involved in the promotion of plasticulture in agriculture at national and state level. Human
resource development in plasticutlure applications.
Practical
Design, estimation and laying of plastic films in lining of canal, reservoir and water
harvesting ponds. Study of plastic components of drip and sprinkler irrigation systems, laying
and flushing of laterals. Study of components of subsurface drainage system. Study of
different colour plastic mulch laying. Design, estimation and installation of green, poly and
shade net houses, low tunnels etc. Study on cap covers for food grain storage, innovative
packaging solutions - leno bags, crates, bins, boxes, vacuum packing, unit packaging, CAS
and MAP and estimation. Study on use of plastics in nursery, plant protection, inland
fisheries, animal shelters, preparation of vermi-bed and silage film for fodder preservation.
Study of plastic parts in making farm machinery. Visits to nearby manufacturing units/dealers
of PVC pipes, drip and sprinkler irrigation systems, greenhouse/ polyhouse/shadehouse/
nethouse etc. Visits to farmers’ fields with these installations.
Suggested Readings
Brahma Singh, Balraj Singh, Naved Sabir and Murtaza Hasan. 2014.Advances in Protected
Cultivation. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi.
Brown, R.P. 2004. Polymers in Agriculture and Horticulture. RAPRA Review Reports :
Vol. 15, No. 2, RAPRA Technology Limited, U.K.
Central Pollution Control Board. 2012. Material on Plastic Waste Management. Parivesh
Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032.
Charles A. Harper. 2006. Handbook of Plastics Technologies. The Complete Guide to
Properties and Performance. McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
Dubois. 1978. Plastics in Agriculture. Applied Science Publishers Limited, Essex, England.
Manas Chanda, Salil K. Roy. 2008. Plastics Fundamentals, Properties, and Testing. CRC
Press. Ojha,T.P. and Michael, A.M., 2012, Principles of Agricultural Engineering - I. Jain
Brothers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi.
Pandey, P.H. 2014. Principles and Practices of Agricultural Structures and Environmental
Control. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India.
Shankar, A.N. 2014. Integrated Horticulture Development in Eastern Himalayas, Plasticulture
in Agri-Horticulture Systems, 241-247.
Srivastava, R.K., R.C. Maheswari, T.P. Ojha, and A. Alam. 1988. Plastics in Agriculture. Jain
Brothers, Karol Bagh, New Delhi.

Mechanics of Tillage and Traction 3(2+1)

Theory
Introduction to mechanics of tillage tools, engineering properties of soil, principles and
concepts, stress strain relationship, design of tillage tools principles of soil cutting, design
equation, force analysis, application of dimensional analysis in soil dynamics and traction
prediction equation. Introduction to traction and mechanics, off road traction and mobility,
traction model, traction improvement, tyre size, tyre lug geometry and their effects, tyre
testing, soil compaction and plant growth, variability and application of GIS in soil dynamics.
Practical
Measurement of static and dynamic soil parameters related to tillage, soil parameters related
to puddling and floatation, draft for passive rotary and oscillating tools, slip and sinkage under
dry and wet soil conditions and load and fuel consumption for different farm operations;

49
Weight transfer and tractor loading including placement and traction aids; Studies on tyres,
tracks and treads under different conditions, and soil compaction and number of operations.
Suggested Readings
Vandenberg and Gill. Tillage and Traction. Liljedahl JB and others. Tractor and Power Units.
Daniel Hill. Fundamentals of Soil Physics.
Terzaghi K & Peck Ralph B. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practices.

Farm Machinery Design and Production 3(2+1)

Theory
Introduction to design parameters of agricultural machines & design procedure.
Characteristics of farm machinery design. Research and development aspects of farm
machinery. Design of standard power transmission components used in agricultural machines:
mechanical & hydraulic units. Introduction to safety in power transmission. Application of
design principles to the systems of selected farm machines. Critical appraisal in production of
Agricultural Machinery; Advances in material used for agricultural machinery. Cutting tools
including CNC tools and finishing tools. Advanced manufacturing techniques including
powder metallurgy, EDM (Electro-Discharge Machining), Heat Treatment of steels including
pack carburizing, shot pining process, etc. Limits, Fits & Tolerances, Jigs & Fixtures.
Industrial lay-out planning, Quality production management. Reliability. Economics of
process selection. Familiarization with Project Report.
Practical
Familiarization with different design aspects of farm machinery and selected components.
Solving design problems on farm machines & equipment Visit to Agricultural machinery
manufacturing industry, Tractor manufacturing industry Jigs and Fixtures – study in relation
to agricultural machinery. Fits, tolerances and limits; Layout planning of a small scale
industry; Problems on Economics of process selection; Preparation of a project report; Case
study for manufacturing of simple agricultural machinery.
Suggested Readings
Richey, C.B. Agricultural Engineering Handbook. Adinath M and AB Gupta. Manufacturing
Technology. Sharma PC and DK Aggarwal. Machine Design.
Narula V. Manufacturing process.
Singh S. Mechanical Engineer’s Handbook. Chakrabarti NR. Data book for Machine Design.

Human Engineering and Safety 3(2+1)

Theory
Human factors in system development – concept of systems; basic processes in system
development, performance reliability, human performance. Information input process, visual
displays, major types and use of displays, auditory and factual displays. Speech
communications. Biomechanics of motion, types of movements, Range of movements,
strength and endurance, speed and accuracy, human control of systems. Human motor
activities, controls, tools and related devices. Anthropometry: arrangement and utilization of
work space, atmospheric conditions, heat exchange process and performance, air pollution.
Dangerous machine (Regulation) act, Rehabilitation and compensation to accident victims,
Safety gadgets for spraying, threshing, Chaff cutting and tractor & trailer operation etc.
Practical
Calibration of the subject in the laboratory using bi-cycle ergo-meter. Study and calibration of
the subject in the laboratory using mechanical treadmill; Use of respiration gas meter from
human energy point of view. Use of Heart Rate Monitor. Study of general fatigue of the
subject using Blink ratio method, Familiarization with electro-myograph equipment,
anthropometric measurements of a selected subjects. Optimum work space layout and
locations of controls for different tractors. Familiarization with the noise and vibration

50
equipment. Familiarization with safety gadgets for various farm machines.
Suggested Readings
Chapanis A. 1996. Human Factors in System Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Dul J. and Weerdmeester B.1993. Ergonomics for Beginners. A Quick Reference Guide.
Taylor and Francis, London.
Mathews J. and Knight A. A. 1971. Ergonomics in Agricultural Equipment Design. National
Institute of Agricultural Engineering.
Astrand P. And and Rodahl K. 1977. Textbook of Work Physiology. Mc Hill Corporation,
New York.
Mark S. Sanders and Ernest James McCormick. 1993. Human Factors in Engineering and
Design.
Mc Hill Corporation, New York.
Keegan J J, Radke AO. 1964. Designing vehicle seats for greater comfort. SAE
Journal;72:50~5.
Yadav R, Tewari V.K. 1998. Tractor operator workplace design-a review. Journal of Terra
mechanics 35: 41-53.

Tractor Design and Testing 3(2+1)

Theory
Procedure for design and development of agricultural tractor, Study of parameters for
balanced design of tractor for stability & weight distribution, traction theory, hydraulic lift
and hitch system design. Design of mechanical power transmission in agricultural tractors:
single disc, multi disc and cone clutches. Rolling friction and anti-friction bearings. Design of
Ackerman Steering and tractor hydraulic steering. Study of special design features of tractor
engines and their selection viz. cylinder, piston, piston pin, crankshaft, etc. Design of seat and
controls of an agricultural tractor. Tractor Testing.
Practical
Design problem of tractor clutch – (Single/ Multiple disc clutch). Design of gear
box(synchromesh/constant mesh), variable speed constant mesh drive; Selection of tractor
tires – Problem solving. Problem on design of governor. Design and selection of hydraulic
pump. Engine testing as per BIS code. Drawbar performance in the lab; PTO test and
measure the tractor power in the lab/field; Determining the turning space, turning radius and
brake test, hydraulic pump performance test and air cleaner and noise measurement test; Visit
to tractor testing centre/industry.

Suggested Readings
Liljedahl J B & Others. Tractors and Their Power Units.
Raymond N, EA Yong and S Nicolas. Vehicle Traction Mechanics. Maleev VL. Internal
Combustion Engines.
Kirpal Singh. Automobile Engineering – Vol I and Vol II. Richey C.B. Agricultural
Engineering Handbook.
Mehta ML, SR Verma, SK Mishra, VK Sharma. Testing & Evaluation of Agricultural
Machinery.

Hydraulic Drives and Controls 3(2+1)

Theory
Hydraulic Basics: Pascal's Law, Flow, Energy, Work, and Power. Hydraulic Systems, Color
Coding, Reservoirs, Strainers and Filters, Filtering Material and Elements. Accumulators,
Pressure Gauges and Volume Meters, Hydraulic Circuit, Fittings and Connectors. Pumps,
Pump Classifications, operation, performance, Displacement, Design ofGear Pumps, Vane

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Pumps, Piston Pumps. Hydraulic Actuators, Cylinders, Construction and Applications,
Maintenance, Hydraulic Motors. Valves, Pressure-Control Valves, Directional- Control
Valves, Flow-Control Valves, Valve. Installation, Valve Failures and Remedies, Valve
Assembly, Troubleshooting of Valves Hydraulic Circuit Diagrams and Troubleshooting,
United States of American Standards Institute USASI Graphical Symbols Tractor hydraulics,
nudging system, ADDC. Pneumatics: Air services, logic units, Fail safe and safety systems
Robotics: Application of Hydraulics and Pneumatics drives in agricultural systems,
Programmable Logic Controls (PLCs).
Practical
Introduction to hydraulic systems. Study of hydraulic pumps, hydraulic actuators. Study of
hydraulic motors, hydraulic valves, colour codes and circuits. Building simple hydraulic
circuits, hydraulics in tractors. Introduction to pneumatics, pneumatics devices, pneumatics in
agriculture; Use of hydraulics and pneumatics for robotics.
Suggested Readings
Kepner RA, Roy Barger & EL Barger. Principles of Farm Machinery. Anthony E. Fluid
Power and Applications.
Majumdar. Oil Hydraulic System. Merit. Hydraulic Control Systems.
John Deere. Fundamentals of Service Hydraulics.

Precision Agriculture and System Management 3(2+1)

Theory
Precision Agriculture – need and functional requirements. Familiarization with issues relating
to natural resources. Familiarization with equipment for precision agriculture including
sowing and planting machines, power sprayers, land clearing machines, laser guided land
levellers, straw-chopper, straw-balers, grain combines, etc. Introduction to GIS based
precision agriculture and its applications. Introduction to sensors and application of sensors
for data generation. Database management. System concept. System approach in farm
machinery management, problems on machinery selection, maintenance and scheduling of
operations. Application to PERT and CPM for machinery system management
Practical
Familiarization with precision agriculture problems and issues. Familiarization with various
machines for resource conservation. Solving problems related to various capacities, pattern
efficiency, system limitation, etc. Problems related to cost analysis and inflation and problems
related to selection of equipment, replacement, break-even analysis, time value of money etc.
Suggested Readings
Kuhar J E. The Precision Farming Guide for Agriculturist. Dutta SK. Soil Conservation and
land management.
Sigma and Jagmohan. Earth Moving Machinery. Wood and Stuart. Earth Moving Machinery.
DeMess MN. Fundamentals of Geographic Information System. Hunt Donnell. Farm Power
and Machinery Management.
Sharma DN and S Mukesh. Farm Power and Machinery Management Vol I.

Food Quality and Control 3(2+1)

Theory
Basics of Food Science and Food Analysis, Concept, objectives and need of food quality.
Measurement of colour, flavour, consistency, viscosity, texture and their relationship with
food quality and composition. Sampling; purpose, sampling techniques, sampling procedures
for liquid, powdered and granular materials, Quality control, Quality control tools, Statistical
quality control, Sensory evaluation methods, panel selection methods, Interpretation of
sensory results. Instrumental method for testing quality. Food adulteration and food safety.

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TQM and TQC, consumer preferences and acceptance, Food Safety Management Systems
GAP, GHP, GMP, Hazards and HACCP (Hazard analysis and critical control point),
Sanitation in food industry (SSOP), Food Laws and Regulations in India, FSSAI, Food grades
and standards BIS, AGMARK, PFA, FPO, ISO 9000, 22000 Series. CAC (Codex
Alimantarious Commission),Traceability and Quality Assurance system in a process plant,
Bio safety and Bioterrorism.
Practical
Examination of cereals & pulses from one of go-downs and market shops in relation to FPO
and BIS specifications, Detection of adulteration and examination of ghee for various
standards of AGMARK & BIS standards, Detection of adulteration and examination of spices
for AGMARK and BIS standards, Detection of adulteration and examination of milk and
milk products for BIS standards, Detection of adulteration and examination of fruit products
such as jams, jellys, marmalades for FPO specification, Visit to quality control laboratory,
Case study of statistical process control in food processing industry, Study of registration
process and licensing procedure under FSSAI, Study of sampling techniques from food
processing establishments, Visit to food processing laboratory and study of records and
reports maintained by food processing laboratory.
Suggested Readings
Ranganna S. Hand book of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruit and Vegetable Products.
Srilakshmi B, Food Science.
Sharma Avanthi. A text book of Food Science and Technology. Mudambi Sumati R, Rao
Shalini M and Rajagopal M.V. Food Science. Potter NN and Hotchkiss JH, Food Science.
Dev Raj, Rakesh Sharma and Joshi V.K, Quality for Value Addition in Food Processing.
The Food Safety and Standards Act along with Rules & Regulations. Commercial Law
Publishers (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Food Plant Design and Management 3 (2+1)

Theory
Food plant location, selection criteria, Selection of processes, plant capacity, Requirements of
plant building and its components, Project design, flow diagrams, selection of equipment,
process and controls, Objectives and principles of food plant layout. Salient features of
processing plants for cereals, pulses, oilseeds, horticultural and vegetable crops, poultry, fish
and meat products, milk and milk products. Introduction to Finance, Food Product Marketing,
Food Business Analysis and Strategic Planning, Introduction to Marketing, Food Marketing
Management, Supply chain management for retail food products, Entrepreneurship
development in food industry, SWOT analysis, generation, incubation and commercialization
of ideas and innovations, New product development process, Government schemes and
incentive for promotion of entrepreneurship, Govt. policy on small and medium scale food
processing enterprise, export and import policies relevant to food processing sector, procedure
of obtaining license and registration under FSSAI, Cost analysis and preparation of feasibility
report.
Practical
Preparation of project report, Preparation of feasibility report, Salient features and layout of
pre processing house, Salient features and layout of Milk and Milk product plants, Evaluation
of given layout, Salient features, design and layout of modern rice mill, Salient features,
design and layout of Bakery and related product plant, Study of different types of records
relating to production of a food plant, Study of different types of records relating to finance of
a food plant, Study of different types of records relating to marketing of a food business,
Brain storming and SWOT analysis to start a food processing business.
Suggested Readings
Hall, H.S. and Rosen, Y.S. Milk Plant Layout. FAO Publication, Rome. López Antonio.

53
Gómez. Food Plant Design.
Robberts Theunis C. Food plant engineering systems by, CRC Press, Washington. Maroulis Z
B and Saravacos G D. Food plant economics. Taylor and Francis, LLC Mahajan M.
Operations Research. Dhanpat Rai and Company Private Limited, Delhi
Maroulis Z B. Food Process Design. Marcel Dekker, Inc ,Cimarron Road, Monticello, New
York 12701, USA.

Food Packaging Technology 3 (2+1)

Theory
Factors affecting shelf life of food material during storage, Interactions of spoilage agents
with environmental factors as water, oxygen, light, pH, etc. and general principles of control
of the spoilage agents; Difference between food infection, food intoxication and allergy.
Packaging of foods, requirement, importance and scope, frame work of packaging strategy,
environmental considerations, Packaging systems, types: flexible and rigid; retail and bulk;
levels of packaging; special solutions and packaging machines, technical packaging systems
and data management packaging systems, Different types of packaging materials, their key
properties and applications, Metal cans, manufacture of two piece and three piece cans,
Plastic packaging, different types of polymers used in food packaging and their barrier
properties. manufacture of plastic packaging materials, profile extrusion, blown film/ sheet
extrusion, blow molding, extrusion blow molding, injection blow molding, stretch blow
molding, injection molding. Glass containers, types of glass used in food packaging,
manufacture of glass and glass containers, closures for glass containers. Paper and paper
board packaging, paper and paper board manufacture process, modification of barrier
properties and characteristics of paper/ boards. Relative advantages and disadvantages of
different packaging materials; effect of these materials on packed commodities. Nutritional
labelling on packages, CAS and MAP, shrink and cling packaging, vacuum and gas
packaging; Active packaging, Smart packaging, Packaging requirement for raw and processed
foods, and their selection of packaging materials, Factors affecting the choice of packaging
materials, Disposal and recycle of packaging waste, Printing and labelling, Lamination,
Package testing: Testing methods for flexible materials, rigid materials and semi rigid
materials; Tests for paper (thickness, bursting strength, breaking length, stiffness, tear
resistance, folding endurance, ply bond test, surface oil absorption test, etc.), plastic film and
laminates (thickness, tensile strength, gloss, haze, burning test to identify polymer, etc.),
aluminium foil (thickness, pin holes, etc.), glass containers (visual defects, colour,
dimensions, impact strength, etc.), metal containers (pressure test, product compatibility, etc.).
Practical
Identification of different types of packaging materials, Determination of tensile/ compressive
strength of given material/package, To perform different destructive and non-destructive tests
for glass containers, Vacuum packaging of agricultural produces, Determination of tearing
strength of paper board, Measurement of thickness of packaging materials, To perform
grease- resistance test in plastic pouches, Determination of bursting strength of packaging
material, Determination of water-vapour transmission rate, Shrink wrapping of various
horticultural produce, Testing of chemical resistance of packaging materials, Determination of
drop test of food package and visit to relevant industries.
Suggested Readings
Coles, R., McDowell, D., Kirwan, M .J. 2003. Food Packaging Technology. Blackwell
Publishing Co.
Gosby, N.T. 2001. Food Packaging Materials. Applied Science Publication John, P.J. 2008. A
Handbook on Food Packaging Narendra Publishing House,
Mahadevia, M., Gowramma, R.V. 2007. Food Packaging Materials. Tata McGraw Hill
Robertson, G. L. 2001. Food Packaging and Shelf life: A Practical Guide. Narendra

54
Publishing House.
Robertson, G. L. 2005. Food Packaging: Principles and Practice. Second Edition. Taylor and
Francis Pub.
Development of Processed Products 3 (2+1)
Theory
Process design, Process flow chart with mass and energy balance, Unit operations and
equipments for processing, New product development, Technology for value added products
from cereal, pulses and oil seeds, Milling, puffing, flaking, Roasting, Bakery products, snack
food. Extruded products, oil extraction and refining, Technology for value added products
from fruits, vegetables and spices, Canned foods, Frozen foods, dried and fried foods, Fruit
juices, Sauce, Sugar based confection, Candy, Fermented food product, spice extracts,
Technology for animal produce processing , meat, poultry, fish, egg products, Health food,
Nutra-ceuticals and functional food, Organic food.
Practical
Process design and process flow chart preparation, preparation of different value added
products, Visit to roller wheat flour milling, rice milling, spice grinding mill, milk plant, dal
and oil mill, fruit/vegetable processing plants & study of operations and machinery, Process
flow diagram and study of various models of the machines used in a sugar mill.

Suggested Readings
Geankoplis C. J. Transport processes and unit operations, Prentice-Hall.
Rao, D. G. Fundamentals of Food Engineering PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. Norman N.
Potter and Joseph H. Hotchikss. Food Science. Chapman and Hall Pub. Acharya, K T
Everyday Indian Processed foods. National Book Trust.
Mudambi Sumati R., Shalini M. Rao and M V Rajgopal. Food Science. New Age
International Publishers.
Negi H.P.S., Savita Sharma, K. S. Sekhon. Hand book of Cereal technology. Kalyani Pub.

Process Equipment Design 3 (2+1)

Theory
Introduction on process equipment design, Application of design engineering for processing
equipments, Design parameters and general design procedure, Material specification, Types
of material for process equipments, Design codes, Pressure vessel design, Design of cleaners.
Design of tubular heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger and plate heat exchanger,
Design of belt conveyer, screw conveyer and bucket elevator, Design of dryers. Design of
milling equipments. Optimization of design with respect to process efficiency, energy and
cost, Computer Aided Design.
Practical
Design of pressure vessel, cleaners, milling equipments, tubular heat exchanger, shell and
tube type heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger, dryer, belt conveyor, bucket elevator, screw
conveyor.
Suggested Readings
Mahajani, V. V. and Umarji, S. B., Process equipment design, Macmillan.
Bhattacharyya, B. C., Introduction to Chemical Equipment design, CBS Publishers and
Distributors.
Geankoplis C. J. Transport processes and unit operations, Prentice-Hall.
Rao, D. G. Fundamentals of Food Engineering PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.

55
 Photovoltaic Technology and Systems 3(2+1)
Theory
Solar PV Technology: Advantages, Limitations, Current Status of PV technology, SWOT
analysis of PV technology. Types of Solar Cell, Wafer based Silicon Cell, Thin film
amorphous silicon cell Thin Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Cell, Copper Indium Gallium
Selenide (CiGS) Cell, Thin film crystalline silicon solar cell. Solar Photo Voltaic Module:
Solar cell, solar module, solar array, series & parallel connections of cell, mismatch in cell,
fill factor, effect of solar radiation and temperature on power output of module, I-V and
power curve of module. Balance of Solar PV system: Introduction to batteries, battery
classification, lead acid battery, Nicked Cadmium battery, comparison of batteries, battery
parameters, Charge controller: types of charge controller, function of charge controller, PWM
type, MPPT type charge controller, Converters: DC to DC converter and DC to AC type
converter. Application of Solar PV system. Solar home lighting system, solar lantern, solar
fencing, solar street light, solar water pumping system, Roof top solar photovoltaic power
plant and smart grid.
Practical
Study of V-I characteristics of solar PV system, smart grid technology and application,
manufacturing technique of solar array, different DC to DC and DC to AC converter,
domestic solar lighting system, various solar module technologies, safe measurement of PV
modules electrical characteristics and Commissioning of complete solar PV system.
Suggested Readings
Rai GD. 1998. Non-conventional Sources of Energy. Khanna Pub.
Rathore N.S., Kurchania A.K., Panwar N.L. 2006. Renewable Energy: Theory & Practice,
Himanshu Publications,.
Solanki C.S. 2011. Solar Photovoltaic: Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications, PHI
Learning Private Ltd.
Meinel & Meinel. Applied Solar Energy.
Derrick, Francis and Bokalders, Solar Photo-voltaic Products.

Waste and By-Products Utilization 3 (2+1)

Theory
Types and formation of by-products and waste; Magnitude of waste generation in different
food processing industries; Uses of different agricultural by-products from rice mill,
sugarcane industry, oil mill etc., Concept, scope and maintenance of waste management and
effluent treatment, Temperature, pH, Oxygen demands (BOD, COD), fat, oil and grease
content, metal content, forms of phosphorous and sulphur in waste waters, microbiology of
waste, other ingredients like insecticide, pesticides and fungicides residues, Waste utilization
in various industries, furnaces and boilers run on agricultural wastes and byproducts,
briquetting of biomass as fuel, production of charcoal briquette, generation of electricity using
surplus biomass, producer gas generation and utilization, Waste treatment and disposal,
design, construction, operation and management of institutional community and family size
biogas plants, concept of vermin-composting, Pre-treatment of waste: sedimentation,
coagulation, flocculation and floatation, Secondary treatments: Biological and chemical
oxygen demand for different food plant waste– trickling filters, oxidation ditches, activated
sludge process, rotating biological contractors, lagoons, Tertiary treatments: Advanced waste
water treatment process-sand, coal and activated carbon filters , phosphorous, sulphur,
nitrogen and heavy metals removal, Assessment, treatment and disposal of solid waste; and
biogas generation, Effluent treatment plants, Environmental performance of food industry to
comply with ISO-14001 standards.
Practical
Determination of temperature, pH, turbidity solids content, BOD and COD of waste water,

56
 Determination of ash content of agricultural wastes and determination of un-burnt carbon in
ash, Study about briquetting of agricultural residues, Estimation of excess air for better
combustion of briquettes, Study of extraction of oil from rice bran, Study on bioconversion of
agricultural wastes, Recovery of germ and germ oil from by-products of cereals, Visit to
various industries using waste and food by-products.

Suggested Readings
Markel, I.A. 1981. Managing Livestock Waste, AVI Publishing Co.
Pantastico, ECB. 1975. Post Harvest Physiology, Handling and utilization of Tropical and
Sub-tropical fruits and vegetables, AVI Pub. Co.
Shewfelt, R.L. and Prussi, S.E. 1992. Post-Harvest Handling – A Systems approach,
Academic Press Inc.
USDA. 1992. Agricultural Waste Management Field Hand book. USDA, Washington DC.
Weichmann J. 1987. Post Harvest Physiology of vegetables, Marcel and Dekker Verlag.
V.K. Joshi & S.K. Sharma. Food Processing Waste Management: Treatment & Utilization.
New India Publishing Agency.
Vasso Oreopoulou and Winfried Russ (Edited). 2007. Utilization of By-products and
Treatment of waste in the Food Industry. Springer Science & Business media, LLC 233 New
York.
Prashar, Anupama and Bansal, Pratibha. 2007-08. Industrial Safety and Environment. S.K.
Kataria and sons, New Delhi
Garg, S K. 1998. Environmental Engineering (Vol. II) – Sewage Disposal and Air Pollution
Engineering. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
Bhatia, S.C.. 2001. Environmental Pollution and Control in Chemical Process Industries.
Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.

Artificial Intelligence 3(3+0)

Theory
Foundation and history of artificial intelligent, problems and techniques – AI programming
languages, introduction to LISP and PROLOG- problem spaces and searches, blind search
strategies, Breadth first- Depth first- heuristic search techniques Hill climbing: best first-A*
algorithm AO* algorithm- game tree, Min max algorithms, game playing- alpha beta pruning.
Knowledge representation issues, predicate logic- logic programming, semantic nets- frames
and inheritance, constraint propagation, representing knowledge using rules, rules based
deduction systems. Reasoning under uncertainty, review of probability, Baye’s probabilistic
interferences and Dempster shafer theory, Heuristic methods, symbolic reasoning under
uncertainty, Statistical reasoning, Fuzzy reasoning, Temporal reasoning, Non monotonic
reasoning. Planning and planning in situational calculus, representation for planning, partial
order planning algorithm, learning from examples, discovery as learning, learning by analogy,
explanation based learning, neural nets, genetic algorithms. Principles of Natural language
processing, rule based systems architecture, Expert systems, knowledge acquisition concepts,
AI application to robotics, and current trends in intelligent systems.
Suggested Readings
Russell, S. and P. Norvig. 1998. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Prentice Hall.
Rich, Elain and Kevin Knight. 1991. Artificial Intelligence. TMH. rd
Patrick Henry Winston. 1992. Artificial intelligence. Addition Wesley 3 Ed. Nilson Nils J.
Principles of Artificial Intelligence. Norsa Publishing House.

Mechatronics 3(2+1)
Theory
Definition of mechatronics, measurement system, control systems, microprocessor based

57
controllers, mechatronics approach. Sensors and transducers, performance terminology,
Displacement, Position & Proximity Sensors, photo-electric transducers, flow transducers,
optical sensors and transducers. Actuators, Mechanical Actuation Systems, Hydraulic &
Pneumatic Actuation Systems, Electrical Actuation Systems, A.C. Motor, D.C. Motor,
Stepper Motor. Signal conditioning process, filtering digital signal, multiplexers, data
acquisition, digital signal processing, measurement system, pulse modulation, data
presentation systems. System modelling & control, Mathematical Models, Engineering
Systems, Electro-mechanical & Hydraulic-mechanical Systems, Modelling Dynamic
Systems, Transfer Functions, Control Modes, PID Controller. Micro-processor & computer,
Computer and Interfacing, Micro-computer Structure, Micro-controllers, Application of
Microcontrollers, PLC. Robotics, Robot components, robot classification and specification,
Work envelopes, other basic parameters of robots. Robot applications, Robot applications in
manufacturing, Material transfer and machine loading/unloading, Processing operations like
Welding & painting, Assembly operations, Inspection automation, Future applications.
Practical
Selection of sensor for a particular application from Catalogue/Internet. Design a
mechatronics product/system and incorporate application of mechatronics for enhancing
product values. To study the hardware and software of mechatronics kit. To move a table in
X-direction within the range of proximity sensors using Control-X software. To run a motor
with PLC. To run a conveyor with computer. To study the movement of actuating cylinders
and sensors.
Suggested Readings Bolton, W. Mechatronics. Pearson Education Asia.
Wolfram, Stadler. Analytical Robotics and Mechatronics. Mc-Graw Hill. Doeblin E.O.
Measurement Systems. Mc-Graw Hill.
Mahind, A.P. Introduction to Digital Computer Electronics. TMH.
Niku, S.Y. Introduction to Robotics: Analysis, systems and applications”, Pearson Education
Asia.
Craig, J.J. Introduction to Robotics. Pearson

58