5-1 Bisectors of Triangles ANSWER: 

 
14

Find each measure. 3. LP

1. XW

SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:  
Given that
Given that So LM = LP, by the Perpendicular Bisector
By the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem, XW = XY. Theorem.
Therefore, XW = 12. Therefore,
Solve for x.
ANSWER:  
12

2. AC

 
Substitute x = 2 in the expression for LP.
SOLUTION:  
In the figure, AB = BC. By the converse of the
Perpendicular Bisector Theorem,  is a 
perpendicular bisector of ANSWER:  
Therefore, AC = DC. 15
Since AD = 7, DC = 7.
  4. ADVERTISING Four friends are passing out flyers
By the Segment Addition Postulate, at a mall food court. Three of them take as many
flyers as they can and position themselves as shown.
The fourth one keeps the supply of additional flyers.
Copy the positions of points A, B, and C. Then
position the fourth friend at D so that she is the same
ANSWER:   distance from each of the other three friends.
14

3. LP

SOLUTION:  
You will need to find the circumcenter of the triangle
SOLUTION:   formed by points A, B, and C. This can be done by
constructing the perpendicular bisectors of each side
Given that of the triangle and finding their point of concurrency.
So LM = LP, by the Perpendicular Bisector Point D, as shown in the diagram, is where the 4th
Theorem. friend should position herself so that she is equidistant
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Therefore, to the others.  Page 1

Solve for x.
 ANSWER:  
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles
15

4. ADVERTISING Four friends are passing out flyers Find each measure.
at a mall food court. Three of them take as many 5. CP
flyers as they can and position themselves as shown.
The fourth one keeps the supply of additional flyers.
Copy the positions of points A, B, and C. Then
position the fourth friend at D so that she is the same
distance from each of the other three friends.

SOLUTION:  
Given:  is the angle bisector of  ,
.
By the Angle Bisector Theorem,
So, CP = 8.
SOLUTION:  
You will need to find the circumcenter of the triangle ANSWER:  
formed by points A, B, and C. This can be done by 8
constructing the perpendicular bisectors of each side
of the triangle and finding their point of concurrency.
Point D, as shown in the diagram, is where the 4th 6. 
friend should position herself so that she is equidistant
to the others. 

SOLUTION:  
Given:
 bisects   by the converse of the Angle 
Bisector Theorem.
  Therefore,

ANSWER:   ANSWER:  

7. QM

SOLUTION:  

Find each measure. From the figure,  is the angle bisector of 

5. CP
   .
By the Angle Bisector Theorem,

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SOLUTION:  
Given:  is the angle bisector of  ,
 Bisector Theorem.
Therefore,

ANSWER:  
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles ANSWER:  
18.8

7. QM Find each measure.

9. NP

SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:  
From the figure,  is the angle bisector of  From the figure,
   .  
By the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem, LP = NP.
By the Angle Bisector Theorem,

 
Substitute x = 9 in the expression for NP.

ANSWER:  
  14

10. PS

ANSWER:  
12

8. SENSE-MAKING  if Q is the incenter of ,

find JQ. SOLUTION:  
Given that
By the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem, PS = PQ.
Therefore, PS = 9.

ANSWER:  
9
SOLUTION:  
11. KL
Since Q is the incenter of ,  
Use the Pythagorean Theorem in triangle JPQ.

ANSWER:  
18.8 SOLUTION:  
Here JM = LM. By the converse of the
Find each measure. Perpendicular Bisector Theorem,  is a 
9. NP
perpendicular bisector of
Therefore, JK = KL.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3
 By the Perpendicular Bisector Theorem, PS = PQ.
Therefore, PS = 9.

ANSWER:  
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles ANSWER:  
9 10

11. KL 13. CD

SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
Here JM = LM. By the converse of the Given: AB = AD. By the converse of the
Perpendicular Bisector Theorem,  is a  Perpendicular Bisector Theorem,  is a 
perpendicular bisector of perpendicular bisector of
Therefore, JK = KL. Therefore, BC = CD

ANSWER:  
4

14. SW
ANSWER:  
6

12. EG

SOLUTION:  
WT = TS by the converse of the Perpendicular
Bisector Theorem.
SOLUTION:   That is,
 
Given: GD = ED. By the converse of the
Solve for x.
Perpendicular Bisector Theorem,  is a 
perpendicular bisector of
Therefore, GF = FE = 5.

 
ANSWER:   Substitute x = 3 in the expression for WT.
10

13. CD
ANSWER:  
16

15. STATE FAIR The state fair has set up the location

of the midway, livestock competition, and food
vendors. The fair planners decided that they want to
SOLUTION:  
locate the portable restrooms the same distance from
Given: AB = AD. By the converse of the each location. Copy the positions of points M, L, and
Perpendicular Bisector Theorem,  is a  F. Then find the location for the restrooms and label
perpendicular bisector of it R. 
Therefore,
eSolutions Manual -BC = CD
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ANSWER:  
 ANSWER:  
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles
16

15. STATE FAIR The state fair has set up the location 16. SCHOOL A school system has built an elementary,
of the midway, livestock competition, and food middle, and high school at the locations shown in the
vendors. The fair planners decided that they want to diagram. Copy the positions of points E, M, and H.
locate the portable restrooms the same distance from Then find the location for the bus yard B that will
each location. Copy the positions of points M, L, and service these schools so that it is the same distance
F. Then find the location for the restrooms and label from each school.
it R. 

SOLUTION:  
To find the best place for the bus yard, you will need
SOLUTION:  
to construct the perpendicular bisector of each side
You can find point R by constructing the of the triangle. Their point of concurrency is point B,
perpendicular bisectors of each side of the triangle which is the same distance from each point H, E, and
formed by points F, L, and M . Their point of M. 
concurrency, R, is equidistant from each vertex of  
the triangle. 

ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  

16. SCHOOL A school system has built an elementary,

middle, and high school at the locations shown in the
diagram. Copy the positions of points E, M, and H. Point D is the circumcenter of . List any
Then find the location for the bus yard B that will segment(s) congruent to each segment.
service these schools so that it is the same distance
from each school.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5

17. 
 the triangle ABC.
Therefore,

ANSWER:  
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles

Point D is the circumcenter of . List any Find each measure.

segment(s) congruent to each segment.

21. AF

17.  SOLUTION:  
By the Angle Bisector Theorem, AF = AD = 11.
SOLUTION:  
Circumcenter D is equidistant from the vertices of ANSWER:  
the triangle ABC. 11

22. m DBA
ANSWER:  
SOLUTION:  
by the converse of the
Angle Bisector Theorem.
18. 
ANSWER:  
SOLUTION:   17
is the perpendicular bisector of . So,
23. 
SOLUTION:  
ANSWER:  
The converse of the Angle Bisector Theorem says

That is,
19. 
Solve the equation for x.
SOLUTION:  
is the perpendicular bisector of . So,

ANSWER:  
Now,

20. 
SOLUTION:  
Circumcenter D is equidistant from the vertices of
the triangle ABC.
Therefore,
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:   88

24. XA
Find each measure.
SOLUTION:  
By the Angle Bisector Theorem, XA = ZA= 4.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6
ANSWER:  
4
 ANSWER:  
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles ANSWER:  
88 30

24. XA STRUCTURE  If P is the incenter of ,

find each measure.
SOLUTION:  
By the Angle Bisector Theorem, XA = ZA= 4.

ANSWER:  
4

25. m PQS
SOLUTION:  
In triangle QRS, 27. PB
SOLUTION:  
Substitute the known values.
Use the Pythagorean Theorem in the right triangle
ABP.

By the converse of the Angle Bisector Theorem,

 Therefore 
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  
7.1
42

26. PN 28. DE
SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
Here , by the Angle Bisector Theorem. is the angle bisector of  By the Angle 
Bisector Theorem, PD = PB. Or PD = 7.1.
In triangle PDE,

 
Substitute x = 8 in the expression for PN. ANSWER:  
13.1

29. m DAC

ANSWER:   SOLUTION:  
30 By the Converse of the Angle Bisector Theorem,
 is the angle bisector of  . Therefore,
STRUCTURE  If P is the incenter of , m
find each measure.
ANSWER:  
33

30.  DEP
SOLUTION:  
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By SAS postulate, Page 7
So,
27. PB
ANSWER:  
  is the angle bisector of  . Therefore,
m
Find the point of concurrency of the angle bisectors
ANSWER:  
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles of the triangle, the incenter. This point is equidistant
33 from each side of the triangle.

30.  DEP Determine whether there is enough information

given in each diagram to find the value of x.
SOLUTION:   Explain your reasoning.
By SAS postulate,
So,

ANSWER:  
32. 
28.5
SOLUTION:  
31. INTERIOR DESIGN You want to place a There is not enough information to find the value of
centerpiece on a corner table so that it is located the x. In order to determine the value of x, we would
same distance from each edge of the table. Make a need to see markings indicating whether the
sketch to show where you should place the segments drawn from the bisecting ray are
centerpiece. Explain your reasoning. perpendicular to each side of the angle being
bisected. Since there are no markings indicating
perpendicularity, no conclusion can be made. 

ANSWER:  
No; we need to know if the segments are
perpendicular to the rays.
SOLUTION:  

33. 
SOLUTION:  
Find the point of concurrency of the angle bisectors There is not enough information to find the value of
of the triangle, the incenter. This point is equidistant x. In order to determine the value of x, we would
from each side of the triangle. need to see markings indicating whether the
segments drawn from the ray are congruent to each
ANSWER:   other. Since there are no markings indicating
congruence, no conclusion can be made. 

ANSWER:  
No; we need to know if the perpendicular segments
are equal to each other.

Find the point of concurrency of the angle bisectors

of the triangle, the incenter. This point is equidistant
from each side of the triangle.
34. 
Determine whether there is enough information SOLUTION:  
given in each diagram to find the value of x.
There is not enough information to find the value of
Explain your reasoning.
x. In order to determine the value of x, we would
need to see markings indicating whether the segment
bisector is perpendicular to the side of the triangle
that is bisected. Since there are no markings
32.  indicating perpendicularity, no conclusion can be
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero made.  Page 8
SOLUTION:  
There is not enough information to find the value of ANSWER:  
x. In order to determine the value of x, we would No; we need to know if the segment bisector is a
 congruence, no conclusion can be made. 

ANSWER:  
No; we need
5-1 Bisectors to know if the perpendicular segments
of Triangles
are equal to each other. a. Describe where the goalkeeper should stand.
Explain your reasoning.
b. Copy . Use a compass and a straightedge
to locate point G, the desired place for the
goalkeeper to stand.
c. If the ball is kicked so it follows the path from P to
34.  R, construct the shortest path the goalkeeper should
take to block the shot. Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:  
There is not enough information to find the value of SOLUTION:  
x. In order to determine the value of x, we would a. The goalkeeper should stand along the angle
need to see markings indicating whether the segment bisector of the opponent’s shot angle, since the
bisector is perpendicular to the side of the triangle distance to either side of the angle is the same along
that is bisected. Since there are no markings this line.
indicating perpendicularity, no conclusion can be  
made.  b. To determine a point, construct the angle bisector
ANSWER:   of ∠P and then mark point G anywhere on  .
No; we need to know if the segment bisector is a
perpendicular bisector.

 
c. We can find the shortest distance from point G to
either side of ∠RPL by constructing a line that is
35.  perpendicular to each side of the angle that passes
SOLUTION:   through point G. The shortest distance to a line from
a point not on the line is the length of the segment
There is not enough information to find the value of
perpendicular to the line from the point.
x. According to the Converse of the Perpendicular
Bisector Theorem, we would need to know if the
point of the triangle is equidistant to the endpoints of
the segment. Since we don't know if the hypotenuses
of the two smaller triangles are congruent, we can't
assume that the other side of the big triangle is
bisected. ANSWER:  
a. The goalkeeper should stand along the angle
ANSWER:  
bisector of the opponent’s shot angle, since the
No; we need to know whether the hypotenuses of distance to either side of the angle is the same along
the triangles are congruent. this line.
b.
36. SOCCER A soccer player P is approaching the
opposing team’s goal as shown in the diagram. To
make the goal, the player must kick the ball between
the goal posts at L and R. The goalkeeper faces the
kicker. He then tries to stand so that if he needs to
dive to stop a shot, he is as far from the left-hand c.
side of the shot angle as the right-hand side.

The shortest distance to a line from a point not on the

a. Describe where the goalkeeper should stand.
line is the length of the segment perpendicular to the
Explain your reasoning.
line from the point.
b. Copy . Use a compass and a straightedge
eSolutions Manual
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point G, theby desired
Cognero place for the Page 9
PROOF Write a two-column proof.
goalkeeper to stand. 37. Theorem 5.2
c. If the ball is kicked so it follows the path from P to Given:
 8. E is the midpoint of . (Definition of midpoint)
9. (CPCTC)
The shortest distance to a line from a point not on the 10.  form a linear pair.(Definition 
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles
line is the length of the segment perpendicular to the of linear pair)
line from the point.
11.  are supplementary. 
PROOF Write a two-column proof. (Supplementary Theorem)
37. Theorem 5.2 12. (Definition of
Given: supplementary)
13. (Substitution
Prove: C and D are on the perpendicular bisector
Property)
of 14. (Substitution Property)
15. (Division Property)
16.  are right angles.(Definition of
right angle)
17. (Definition of Perpendicular lines)
18.  is the perpendicular bisector of  .
(Definition of perpendicular bisector)
19. C and D are on the perpendicular bisector of
SOLUTION:  
. (Definition of point on a line)
As in all proofs, you need to think backwards. What
would you need to do to prove that a segment in a ANSWER:  
perpendicular bisector? You can prove it in two parts
Statement(Reasons)
- first, that and are perpendicular to each
1. (Given)
other and then, that  is bisected. This will involve 
proving two triangles are congruent so that you can 2. (Congruence of segments is reflexive.)
get congruent corresponding parts (CPCTC). Start 3. (SSS)
by considering which triangles you can make 4. (CPCTC)
congruent to each other using the given information. 5. (Congruence of segments is reflexive.)
There are three pairs of triangles in the diagram, so
6. (SAS)
mark the given information to lead you to the correct
pair. Once you have determined that 7. (CPCTC)
, then think about what congruent 8. E is the midpoint of . (Definition of midpoint)
corresponding parts you need to make 9. (CPCTC)
. To prove that two segments are 10.  form a linear pair.(Definition 
perpendicular, consider what CPCTC you need to of linear pair)
choose that would eventually prove that two
11.  are supplementary. 
segments form a right angle. In addition, which
(Supplementary Theorem)
CPCTC would you choose to prove that a segment is
bisected?  12. (Definition of
supplementary)
 
Proof: 13.  (Substitution 
Statement(Reasons) Property)
14. (Substitution Property)
1. (Given)
15.  (Division Property)
2. (Congruence of segments is reflexive.) 16.  are right angles.(Definition of
3. (SSS) right angle)
4. (CPCTC) 17.  (Definition of Perpendicular lines)
5. (Congruence of segments is reflexive.) 18.  is the perpendicular bisector of  .
6. (SAS) (Definition of perpendicular bisector)
7. (CPCTC) 19. C and D are on the perpendicular bisector of
8. E is the midpoint of . (Definition of midpoint) . (Definition of point on a line)
9. (CPCTC)
10.  form a linear pair.(Definition  38. Theorem 5.6
of linear pair)
Given: , angle bisectors and
11.  are supplementary. 
(Supplementary Theorem)
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10
12. (Definition of Prove:
supplementary)
 18.  is the perpendicular bisector of  .
?
(Definition of perpendicular bisector)  
19. C and D are on the perpendicular bisector of
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles Given:  is the   bisector of 
. (Definition of point on a line)
E is a point on CD.
Prove: EA = EB
38. Theorem 5.6
Given: , angle bisectors and

Prove:

Proof:  is the ⊥ bisector of  By the definition

of bisector, D is the midpoint of  Thus, 
 by the Midpoint Theorem.  CDA and
CDB are right angles by the definition of
SOLUTION:   perpendicular. Since all right angles are congruent,
Consider what it means if are CDA   CDB. Since E is a point on  
all angle bisectors and meet at point K. The key to EDA and EDB are right angles and are
this proof is the Angle Bisector Theorem.  congruent. By the Reflexive Property,
   Thus  EDA   EDB by SAS.
Proof:
Statement(Reasons)  because CPCTC, and by definition of 
congruence, EA = EB.
1.  angle bisectors and
 (Given) ANSWER:  
2. KP = KQ, KQ = KR, KP = KR (Any point on the Given:  is the   bisector of 
angle bisector is equidistant from the sides of the E is a point on CD.
angle.) Prove: EA = EB
3. KP = KQ = KR(Transitive Property)

ANSWER:  
Proof:
Statement(Reasons)
1.  angle bisectors and
 (Given) Proof:  is the ⊥ bisector of  By the definition
2. KP = KQ, KQ = KR, KP = KR (Any point on the of bisector, D is the midpoint of  Thus, 
angle bisector is equidistant from the sides of the
angle.)  by the Midpoint Theorem.  CDA and
3. KP = KQ = KR(Transitive Property) CDB are right angles by the definition of
  perpendicular. Since all right angles are congruent,
CDA   CDB. Since E is a point on  
CONSTRUCT ARGUMENTS  Write a  EDA and EDB are right angles and are
paragraph proof of each theorem. congruent. By the Reflexive Property,
39. Theorem 5.1
 Thus  EDA   EDB by SAS.
SOLUTION:    because CPCTC, and by definition of 
If we know that is the perpendicular bisector to congruence, EA = EB.
, then what two congruent triangle pairs can we
get from this given information? Think about what 40. Theorem 5.5
triangles we can make congruent to prove that
? SOLUTION:  
  If PD and PE are equidistant to the sides of ,
then they are also perpendicular to those sides.If you
Given:  is the   bisector of 
can prove , then consider what
E is a point on CD.
CPCTC would need to be chosen to prove that
Prove: EA = EB
is an angle bisector of  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 11
 
Given: BAC
P is in the interior of BAC
 SOLUTION:   right triangles by the definition of right triangles. By
If PD and PE are equidistant to the sides of , the Reflexive Property,  Thus, 
then they are also perpendicular to those sides.If you  by HL.  DAP   EAP because
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles
can prove , then consider what CPCTC, and  is the angle bisector of  BAC by
CPCTC would need to be chosen to prove that the definition of angle bisector.
is an angle bisector of  
  COORDINATE GEOMETRY Write an
equation in slope-intercept form for the
Given: BAC
perpendicular bisector of the segment with the
P is in the interior of BAC given endpoints. Justify your answer.
PD = PE 41. A(–3, 1) and B(4, 3)
Prove:  is the angle bisector of  BAC
SOLUTION:  

The slope of the segment AB is  or   So, the 

slope of the perpendicular bisector is

The perpendicular bisector passes through the
Proof: Point P is on the interior of BAC of midpoint of the segment AB. The midpoint of AB is
 and PD = PE. By definition of congruence,
 or  
 and   since the 
distance from a point to a line is measured along the  
perpendicular segment from the point to the line. The slope-intercept form for the equation of the
ADP and AEP are right angles by the definition perpendicular bisector of AB is:
of perpendicular lines and  and   are 
right triangles by the definition of right triangles. By
the Reflexive Property,  Thus, 
 by HL.  DAP   EAP because
CPCTC, and  is the angle bisector of  BAC by
the definition of angle bisector.

ANSWER:   ANSWER:  
Given: BAC
P is in the interior of BAC ; The perpendicular bisector bisects
PD = PE the segment at the midpoint of the segment. The
Prove:  is the angle bisector of  BAC
midpoint is . The slope of the given segment

is , so the slope of the perpendicular bisector is

.

Proof: Point P is on the interior of BAC of 42. C(–4, 5) and D(2, –2)

 and PD = PE. By definition of congruence, SOLUTION:  
.  and   since the 
distance from a point to a line is measured along the The slope of the segment CD is  or   So, 
perpendicular segment from the point to the line.
ADP and AEP are right angles by the definition the slope of the perpendicular bisector is
of perpendicular lines and  and   are 
right triangles by the definition of right triangles. By The perpendicular bisector passes through the
midpoint of the segment CD. The midpoint of CD is
the Reflexive Property,  Thus, 
 by HL.  DAP   EAP because  or  
CPCTC, and  is the angle bisector of  BAC by  
the definition of angle bisector. The slope-intercept form for the equation of the
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 12
COORDINATE GEOMETRY Write an perpendicular bisector of CD is:
equation in slope-intercept form for the
perpendicular bisector of the segment with the
 an angle bisector makes two angles congruent. 
 
is , so the slope of the perpendicular bisector is
Given: bisects QPR. and
5-1 Bisectors
. of Triangles
Prove:
Proof:
42. C(–4, 5) and D(2, –2)
SOLUTION:  

The slope of the segment CD is  or   So, 

the slope of the perpendicular bisector is

The perpendicular bisector passes through the
midpoint of the segment CD. The midpoint of CD is Statements (Reasons)
1. bisects QPR, and .
 or   (Given)
  2. (Definition of angle bisector)
The slope-intercept form for the equation of the 3. PYX and PZX are right angles. (Definition of
perpendicular bisector of CD is: perpendicular)
4. (Right angles are congruent.)
5. (Reflexive Property)
6.
7. (CPCTC)

ANSWER:  
Given: bisects QPR. and
ANSWER:   .
; The perpendicular bisector bisects the Prove:
Proof:
segment at the midpoint of the segment. The
midpoint is   . The slope of the given segment

is  , so the slope of the perpendicular bisector 

is .
Statements (Reasons)
43. PROOF Write a two-column proof of Theorem 5.4. 1. bisects QPR, and .
SOLUTION:   (Given)
The key to this proof is to think about how to get 2. (Definition of angle bisector)
. Use your given information to 3. PYX and PZX are right angles. (Definition of
get congruent corresponding parts. Remember that perpendicular)
an angle bisector makes two angles congruent.  4. (Right angles are congruent.)
  5. (Reflexive Property)
Given: bisects QPR. and 6.
7. (CPCTC)
Prove:
Proof: 44. MULTI-STEP  Mykia is designing a logo for her
school. The logo will be sewn onto a 3-foot by 5-foot
piece of white fabric. Her logo consists of a circle
inside an isosceles triangle with a height of 5 feet.
Mykia wants the circle to be as large as possible so
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero she can put a picture of the school’s mascot inPage
the 13
center of the circle.
a. Create a design for the logo, including the center
Statements (Reasons)
 blue piece of fabric must at least have dimensions
44. MULTI-STEP  Mykia is designing a logo for her that are equal to the diameter of the circle. 
school. The logo will be sewn onto a 3-foot by 5-foot  
piece of white fabric. Her logo consists of a circle c. I assumed that Mykia will purchase her fabric in
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles
inside an isosceles triangle with a height of 5 feet. rectangular pieces.
Mykia wants the circle to be as large as possible so
she can put a picture of the school’s mascot in the ANSWER:  
center of the circle. a. Sample answer: white fabric: 3 ft by 5 ft, red
a. Create a design for the logo, including the center fabric: 3 ft by 5 ft, blue fabric: diameter of the circle
of the circle. If Mykia wants the triangle to be red by the diameter of the circle
fabric and the circle to be blue fabric, how can she
determine how much fabric of each color to buy?
b. Describe and evaluate your solution process.
c. What assumptions did you make?
SOLUTION:  
a. We need to find the incenter of the triangle by
finding the intersection point of the angle bisectors.
To make the circle, place your compass on the
incenter, mark a radius that is perpendicular to each b. Sample answer: First, I drew a rectangle to
side (the shortest length) and make a circle.When the represent the 3-foot by 5-foot piece of white fabric.
circle is as large as possible, it will touch all three Then, inside the rectangle, I drew an
sides of the pennant. 
isosceles triangle with a base on one of the 3-foot
sides and a height of 5 feet. Next, I drew the angle
bisectors of the triangle. The
point of intersection of the three angle bisectors will
be the center of the circle. In order to create the
largest circle possible, I drew a circle with the
center I found that touched all three sides of the
triangle. The base of the triangle is 3 feet long, and
the height of the triangle is 5 feet. The area of the
  triangle is 7.5 ft2. This is the minimum amount of red
b. First, I drew a rectangle to represent the 3-foot fabric needed, at least 3 ft by 5 ft. To determine
by 5-foot piece of white fabric. Then, inside the how much blue fabric to buy, measure along one of
rectangle, I drew an isosceles triangle with a base the other angle bisectors, from the center of the
on one of the 3-foot sides and a height of 5 feet. circle to the edge of the circle to find its radius. The
Next, I drew the angle bisectors of the triangle. The blue piece of fabric must at least have dimensions
point of intersection of the three angle bisectors will that are equal to the diameter of the circle. 
be the center of the circle. In order to create the c. I assumed that Mykia will purchase her fabric in
largest circle possible, I drew a circle with the rectangular pieces.
center I found that touched all three sides of the
triangle. The base of the triangle is 3 feet long, and COORDINATE GEOMETRY Find the
the height of the triangle is 5 feet. The area of the coordinates of the circumcenter of the triangle
triangle is 7.5 ft2. This is the minimum amount of red with the given vertices. Explain.
45. A(0, 0), B(0, 6), C(10, 0)
fabric needed, at least 3 ft by 5 ft. To determine
how much blue fabric to buy, measure along one of SOLUTION:  
the other angle bisectors, from the center of the Graph the points.
circle to the edge of the circle to find its radius. The
blue piece of fabric must at least have dimensions
that are equal to the diameter of the circle. 
 
c. I assumed that Mykia will purchase her fabric in
rectangular pieces.
ANSWER:  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 14
a. Sample answer: white fabric: 3 ft by 5 ft, red
fabric: 3 ft by 5 ft, blue fabric: diameter of the circle Since the circumcenter is formed by the
 circle to the edge of the circle to find its radius. The
blue piece of fabric must at least have dimensions The equation of a line of one of the perpendicular
that are equal to the diameter of the circle.  bisectors is y = 3. The equation of a line of another
c. I assumed perpendicular bisector is x = 5. These lines intersect
5-1 Bisectors of that Mykia will purchase her fabric in
Triangles at (5, 3). The circumcenter is located at (5, 3).
rectangular pieces.

COORDINATE GEOMETRY Find the 46. J(5, 0), K(5, –8), L(0, 0)

coordinates of the circumcenter of the triangle
with the given vertices. Explain. SOLUTION:  
45. A(0, 0), B(0, 6), C(10, 0) Since the circumcenter is formed by the
perpendicular bisectors of each side of the triangle,
SOLUTION:   we need to draw the perpendicular bisectors of the
Graph the points. two legs of the triangle and see where they intersect.
 
The equation of a line of one of the perpendicular
bisectors is y = –4 because it is a horizontal line
through point (5, –4), the midpoint of the vertical leg. 
 
The equation of a line of another perpendicular
bisector is x = 2.5, because it is a vertical line through
the point (2.5, 0), the midpoint of the horizontal leg. 
 
These lines intersect at (2.5, –4), because it will have
Since the circumcenter is formed by the the x-value of the line x = 2.5 and the y-value of the
perpendicular bisectors of each side of the triangle, line y = –4. 
we need to draw the perpendicular bisectors of the  
two legs of the triangle and see where they intersect. The circumcenter is located at (2.5, –4).
 
The equation of a line of one of the perpendicular
bisectors is y = 3 because it is a horizontal line
through point (0,3), the midpoint of the vertical leg. 
 
The equation of a line of another perpendicular
bisector is x = 5, because it is a vertical line through
the point (5,0), the midpoint of the horizontal leg. 
 
These lines intersect at (5, 3), because it will have
the x-value of the line x=5 and the y-value of the line
y=3. 
 
The circumcenter is located at (5, 3). ANSWER:  
The equation of a line of one perpendicular bisector
ANSWER:   is y = –4. The equation of a line of another
The equation of a line of one of the perpendicular perpendicular bisector is x = 2.5. These lines
bisectors is y = 3. The equation of a line of another intersect at (2.5, –4). The circumcenter is located at
perpendicular bisector is x = 5. These lines intersect (2.5, –4).
at (5, 3). The circumcenter is located at (5, 3).
47. LOCUS Consider  . Describe the set of all 
46. J(5, 0), K(5, –8), L(0, 0) points in space that are equidistant from C and D.

SOLUTION:  
Since the circumcenter is formed by the
perpendicular bisectors of each side of the triangle,
we need to draw the perpendicular bisectors of the
two legs of the triangle and see where they intersect. SOLUTION:  
  Since we are considering all points in space, we
The equation of a line of one of the perpendicular need to consider more than just the perpendicular
bisectors is y = –4 because it is a horizontal line bisector of CD. The solution is a plane that is
through point (5, –4), the midpoint of the vertical leg.  perpendicular to the plane in which  lies and 
eSolutions
  Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 15

The equation of a line of another perpendicular bisects .

bisector is x = 2.5, because it is a vertical line through  
 The equation of a line of one perpendicular bisector
is y = –4. The equation of a line of another ANSWER:  
perpendicular bisector is x = 2.5. These lines
intersect atof(2.5,
5-1 Bisectors –4). The circumcenter is located at
Triangles a plane perpendicular to the plane in which  lies 
(2.5, –4). and bisecting .

47. LOCUS Consider  . Describe the set of all  48. ERROR ANALYSIS Claudio says that from the
points in space that are equidistant from C and D. information supplied in the diagram, he can conclude
that K is on the perpendicular bisector of .
Caitlyn disagrees. Is either of them correct? Explain
your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  
Since we are considering all points in space, we
need to consider more than just the perpendicular
bisector of CD. The solution is a plane that is
perpendicular to the plane in which  lies and  SOLUTION:  
bisects . Caitlyn is correct; Based on the markings, we only
  know that J is the midpoint of . We don't know if
  is perpendicular to .

ANSWER:  
Caitlyn; K is only on the perpendicular bisector of
if , but we are not given this
information in the diagram.

49. OPEN-ENDED Draw a triangle with an incenter

located inside the triangle but a circumcenter located
outside. Justify your drawing by using a straightedge
and a compass to find both points of concurrency.
ANSWER:  
SOLUTION:  
a plane perpendicular to the plane in which  lies 
Knowing that the incenter of a triangle is always
and bisecting . found inside any triangle, the key to this problem is to
think about for which type of triangle the
48. ERROR ANALYSIS Claudio says that from the circumcenter would fall on the outside. Experiment
information supplied in the diagram, he can conclude with acute, right and obtuse triangles to find the one
that K is on the perpendicular bisector of . that will work. 
Caitlyn disagrees. Is either of them correct? Explain
your reasoning.

SOLUTION:  
Caitlyn is correct; Based on the markings, we only
know that J is the midpoint of . We don't know if  
is perpendicular to .
ANSWER:  
ANSWER:   Sample answer:
Caitlyn; K is only on the perpendicular bisector of
if , but we are not given this
information in the diagram.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 16
49. OPEN-ENDED Draw a triangle with an incenter
located inside the triangle but a circumcenter located
outside. Justify your drawing by using a straightedge
 SOLUTION:  
ANSWER:   It is the circumcenter, formed by the perpendicular
Caitlyn; K is only on the perpendicular bisector of bisectors, that is equidistant to the vertices of a
if
5-1 Bisectors , but we are not given this
of Triangles triangle. Consider for what type of triangle the
information in the diagram. incenter, formed by the angle bisectors, would be the
same location as the circumcenter. Sometimes; if the
49. OPEN-ENDED Draw a triangle with an incenter triangle is equilateral, then this is true, but if the
located inside the triangle but a circumcenter located triangle is isosceles or scalene, the statement is false.
outside. Justify your drawing by using a straightedge
and a compass to find both points of concurrency.
SOLUTION:  
Knowing that the incenter of a triangle is always
found inside any triangle, the key to this problem is to
think about for which type of triangle the
circumcenter would fall on the outside. Experiment
with acute, right and obtuse triangles to find the one
that will work. 

ANSWER:  
Sample answer:

JQ = KQ = LQ

ANSWER:  
Sometimes; if the triangle is equilateral, then this is
true, but if the triangle is isosceles or scalene, the
statement is false.

CONSTRUCT ARGUMENTS Determine

whether each statement is sometimes, always, or
never true. Justify your reasoning using a
counterexample or proof.
50. The angle bisectors of a triangle intersect at a point
that is equidistant from the vertices of the triangle.
SOLUTION:   .
It is the circumcenter, formed by the perpendicular
bisectors, that is equidistant to the vertices of a
triangle. Consider for what type of triangle the
incenter, formed by the angle bisectors, would be the
same location as the circumcenter. Sometimes; if the
triangle is equilateral, then this is true, but if the
eSolutions Manual
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is isosceles orCognero
scalene, the statement is false. Page 17
 7.
8.
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles 9. is the angle bisector of ABC. (Definition of
angle bisector)
.
ANSWER:  
Always.
Given: is isosceles with legs and ;
is the bisector of .
Prove: is the angle bisector of ABC.
Proof:

JQ = KQ = LQ

51. In an isosceles triangle, the perpendicular bisector of Statements (Reasons)

the base is also the angle bisector of the opposite 1.  is isosceles with legs and . (Given)
vertex. 2. (Def. of isosceles )
SOLUTION:   3. is the bisector of .(Given)
Always. It is best to show this through a proof that 4. D is the midpoint of . (Def. of segment
would show that, given an isosceles triangle divided bisector)
by a perpendicular bisector, that it creates two 5. (Def. of midpoint)
congruent triangles. Therefore, by CPCTC, the two
angles formed by the perpendicular bisector are 6. (Reflexive Property)
congruent and form an angle bisector.  7.
Given: is isosceles with legs and ; 8.
is the bisector of . 9. is the angle bisector of ABC. (Def.
Prove: is the angle bisector of ABC.  bisector)
Proof:
CONSTRUCT ARGUMENTS Write a two-
column proof for each of the following.
52. Given: Plane Y is a perpendicular 
bisector of  .
Prove:

Statements (Reasons)
1.  is isosceles with legs and . (Given)
2. (Definition of isosceles triangle)
3. is the bisector of .(Given)
4. D is the midpoint of . (Definition of segment
bisector) SOLUTION:  
A plane that is a perpendicular bisector of a segment
5. (Definition of midpoint)
behaves the same way as a segment that is a
6. (Reflexive Property) perpendicular bisector. It creates two right angles
7. and two congruent corresponding segments. Use
8. them to prove two triangles congruent in this
diagram. 
9. is the angle bisector of ABC. (Definition of
 
angle bisector)
Proof:
ANSWER:  
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Statements (Reasons) Page 18
Always. 1. Plane Y is a perpendicular bisector of . (Given)
Given: is isosceles with legs and ; 2. DBA and CBA are right angles,
 7. 4. (Reflexive Property)
5. (SAS)
8.
6. (CPCTC)
9. is the
5-1 Bisectors of angle bisector of
Triangles ABC. (Def.
 
 bisector)

CONSTRUCT ARGUMENTS Write a two- 53. Given: Plane Z is an angle bisector of

column proof for each of the following. .
52. Given: Plane Y is a perpendicular 
Prove:
bisector of  .
Prove:

SOLUTION:  
A plane that is an angle bisector of a segment
behaves the same way as a segment that is an angle
bisector. It creates two congruent angles. Use these
SOLUTION:   angles, along with the other given and the diagram, to
A plane that is a perpendicular bisector of a segment prove two triangles congruent.
behaves the same way as a segment that is a  
perpendicular bisector. It creates two right angles Proof:
and two congruent corresponding segments. Use Statements (Reasons)
them to prove two triangles congruent in this
1. Plane Z is an angle bisector of KJH;
diagram. 
(Given)
 
2. (Definition of angle bisector)
Proof:
Statements (Reasons) 3. (Reflexive Property)
1. Plane Y is a perpendicular bisector of . (Given) 4.
2. DBA and CBA are right angles, 5. (CPCTC)
 (Definition of   bisector) ANSWER:  
3. (Right angles are congruent.)
Proof:
4. (Reflexive Property) Statements (Reasons)
5. (SAS) 1. Plane Z is an angle bisector of KJH;
6. (CPCTC) (Given)
2.  (Definition of angle bisector)
ANSWER:  
3.  (Reflexive Property)
Proof:
Statements (Reasons) 4.
1. Plane Y is a perpendicular bisector of . (Given) 5. (CPCTC)
2. DBA and CBA are rt. s,  (Def.  54. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the
of   bisector) perpendicular bisectors and angle bisectors of a
3. (Right angles are congruent.) triangle. How are they alike? How are they
4. (Reflexive Property) different? Be sure to compare their points of
5. (SAS) concurrency.
6. (CPCTC) SOLUTION:  
  Start by making a list of what the different bisectors
do. Consider what they bisect, as well as the point of
concurrency they form. Discuss the behaviors of
53. Given: Plane Z is an angle bisector of
these points of concurrency in different types of
. triangles. Are they ever found outside the triangle?
Prove: Inside the triangle? On the triangle? 
 
The bisectors each bisect something, but the
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 19
perpendicular bisectors bisect segments while angle
bisectors bisect angles. They each will intersect at a
point of concurrency. The point of concurrency for
 2.  (Definition of angle bisector) perpendicular bisectors is the circumcenter. The
point of concurrency for angle bisectors is the
3.  (Reflexive Property)
incenter. The incenter always lies in the triangle,
4.
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles while the circumcenter can be inside, outside, or on
5. (CPCTC) the triangle.

54. WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the 55. Stephanie is designing a kite using the figure. What is
perpendicular bisectors and angle bisectors of a the length of   ?
triangle. How are they alike? How are they  
different? Be sure to compare their points of
concurrency.
SOLUTION:  
Start by making a list of what the different bisectors
do. Consider what they bisect, as well as the point of  
concurrency they form. Discuss the behaviors of A4
these points of concurrency in different types of
B5
triangles. Are they ever found outside the triangle?
C 14
Inside the triangle? On the triangle? 
  D 28
The bisectors each bisect something, but the  
perpendicular bisectors bisect segments while angle SOLUTION:  
bisectors bisect angles. They each will intersect at a In kite PQRS, PR = 3x + 2, and PS = 5x - 6.
point of concurrency. The point of concurrency for  
perpendicular bisectors is the circumcenter. The Since this is a kite, these sides are congruent. Set
point of concurrency for angle bisectors is the their measures equal, solve for x, then substitute to
incenter. The incenter always lies in the triangle, find PR.
while the circumcenter can be inside, outside, or on  
the triangle.
3x + 2 = 5x – 6
ANSWER:   3x + 8 = 5x
The bisectors each bisect something, but the 8 = 2x
perpendicular bisectors bisect segments while angle 4 = x
bisectors bisect angles. They each will intersect at a  
point of concurrency. The point of concurrency for 3(4) + 2 = 14
perpendicular bisectors is the circumcenter. The
point of concurrency for angle bisectors is the ANSWER:  
incenter. The incenter always lies in the triangle, C
while the circumcenter can be inside, outside, or on
the triangle. 56. A triangular-shaped garden is shown. Can a fountain
be placed at the circumcenter and still be inside the
55. Stephanie is designing a kite using the figure. What is garden?
the length of   ?  
   

SOLUTION:  
  This triangle is obtuse and the circumcenter of an
A4 obtuse triangle is in the exterior of the triangle, so the
fountain cannot be inside the garden and be at its
B5
circumcenter. 
C 14
D 28 ANSWER:  
  No, the circumcenter of an obtuse triangle is in the
SOLUTION:   exterior of the triangle. 
In kite PQRS, PR = 3x + 2, and PS = 5x - 6. 57. In the figure, point P is the circumcenter of ΔJKL.
 
Since
eSolutions this is
Manual a kite, by
- Powered these sides are congruent. Set
Cognero Page 20
their measures equal, solve for x, then substitute to
find PR.
 circumcenter.  Choice D includes statements II and III only, so the
correct answer is D. 
ANSWER:  
No, the circumcenter
5-1 Bisectors of Trianglesof an obtuse triangle is in the ANSWER:  
exterior of the triangle.  D

57. In the figure, point P is the circumcenter of ΔJKL. 58.  is the perpendicular bisector of .

What is the perimeter of ΔABC?

Which of the following statements must be true?
I. PX = PY A 5 cm
II. PJ = PK B 9 cm
III. PK = PL C 14 cm
D 18 cm
A I only
B II only SOLUTION:  
C III only To find the perimeter of ΔABC, use the Perpendicula
D II and III only find the length of each leg of ΔABC.
E I, II, and III  
 is the perpendicular bisector of  . By the defi
SOLUTION:  
bisector, AD = CD = 4cm. So, AC = 8 cm. 
Consider each statement. 
Point B is on the perpendicular bisector of and by
Statement I is not true. The circumcenter is the point
Bisector Theorem is equidistant from points A and C.
of concurrency of the perpendicular bisectors of a
 AB = BC       Perpendicular Bisector T
triangle. Thus, each leg of the triangle is divided into
7x – 9 = 2x + 1    Substitution
two congruent segments by the perpendicular
 5x = 10    Add 9 to each side. Subt
bisectors. However, there is no guarantee that the
 x = 2     Divide each side by 5.
lengths of the perpendicular bisectors from the leg of
 
the triangle to the circumcenter are congruent. 
Since x = 2, AB = 7x – 9 = 5 and BC = 2x + 1 = 5. 
 
 
Statements II and III are true. The Circumcenter
The perimeter of the triangle is AB + BC + AC = 18
Theorem states that the perpendicular bisectors of a
answer is D. 
triangle intersect at a point that is equidistant from
the vertices of the triangle. Since P is the ANSWER:  
circumcenter of the triangle and J, K, and L are D
vertices of the triangle, PJ = PK = PL.
  59. MULTI-STEP  Given: MQ = 0.9, MP = 2.9, and
Choice D includes statements II and III only, so the MN = 1.8 
correct answer is D. 

ANSWER:  
D

58.  is the perpendicular bisector of .

 
a. What is the value of NQ?
b. What is the relationship of triangle MPQ and
triangle NPQ?
c. What is the perimeter of triangle MPN?
What is the perimeter of ΔABC?  
A 2.9
A 5 cm B 5.6
B 9 cm C 7.6
C 14Manual
eSolutions cm - Powered by Cognero D 9.4 Page 21
D 18 cm SOLUTION:  
SOLUTION:   a. Since MQ = 0.9 and MN = 1.8, we know that NQ
 The perimeter of the triangle is AB + BC + AC = 18
answer is D. 

ANSWER:  
5-1 Bisectors of Triangles
D

59. MULTI-STEP  Given: MQ = 0.9, MP = 2.9, and

MN = 1.8 

 
a. What is the value of NQ?
b. What is the relationship of triangle MPQ and
triangle NPQ?
c. What is the perimeter of triangle MPN?
 
A 2.9
B 5.6
C 7.6
D 9.4
SOLUTION:  
a. Since MQ = 0.9 and MN = 1.8, we know that NQ
= 1.8 – 0.9 = 0.9
b. The triangles are congruent. Because it is
perpendicular and divides MN into equal parts,  
is the perpendicular bisector of . Since point P is
on the perpendicular bisector of , P is equidistant
from M and N. So, MP = NP = 2.9, NQ = MQ, and
PQ = PQ. All three corresponding sides are 
congruent, which makes the triangles congruent. 
 
c. The perimeter of triangle MPN = 1.8 + 2.9 + 2.9 =
7.6, which is answer choice C. 
 

ANSWER:  
a.  0.9
b. The triangles are congruent. Because it is
perpendicular and divides MN into equal parts,  
is the perpendicular bisector of . Since point P is
on the perpendicular bisector of , P is equidistant
from M and N. So, MP = NP = 2.9, NQ = MQ, and
PQ = PQ. All three corresponding sides are 
congruent, which makes the triangles congruent. 
c. C

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