AoPS Community Baltic Way Shortlist 2017+ Geometry

geometry problems from Baltic Way (BW) shortlists since 2017, contains 2017, 2019 so far
www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c2659348
by parmenides51, math163, Tintarn, MarkBcc168

– 2017

g1 Let Da , Eb , and Fc be three collinear points on the sides BC, CA, and AB of triangle ABC. Let
Db and Dc be on BC such that Db Eb and Dc Fc are parallel. Let Ec and Ea be on CA such that
Ec Fc and Ea Da are parallel. Let Fa and Fb be on AB such that Fa Da and Fb Eb are parallel. Show
that the three midpoints of Ea Fa , Fb Db , and Dc Ec are collinear.

g2.11 Let H and I be the orthocenter and incenter, respectively, of an acute-angled triangle ABC. The
circumcircle of the triangle BCI intersects the segment AB at the point P different from B. Let
K be the projection of H onto AI and Q the reflection of P in K. Show that B, H and Q are
collinear.
Proposed by Mads Christensen, Denmark

g3 Let ABC be an acute triangle with circumcircle Γ, circumcenter O, and AB < AC. Let D be
the midpoint of AB, and E a point on AC such that BE = CE. The circumcircle ω of BDE
intersects Γ at F 6= B. Let K be the orthogonal projection of B onto AO, and suppose that A
and K lie on different sides of BE. Show that the lines DF and CK intersect at a point on Γ.

g4 Triangle ABC has angles ∠A = 80o , ∠B = 70o and ∠C = 30o . Point P lies on the angle bisector
at A, satisfying ∠BP C = 130o . Drop perpendiculars P X, P Y, P Z onto the edges BC, AC, AB,
respectively. Prove that

AY 3 + BZ 3 + CX 3 = AZ 3 + BX 3 + CY 3 .

g5.12 Line ` touches circle S1 in the point X and circle S2 in the point Y . We draw a line m which is
parallel to ` and intersects S1 in a point P and S2 in a point Q. Prove that the ratio XP/Y Q does
not depend on the choice of m.

g6 AD, BE and CF are heights of triangle ABC with obtuse angle B. Point T is midpoint of the
segment AD, point S is midpoint of the segment CF . Point M is symmetrical to T with respect
to line BE. Point N is symmetrical to T with respect to line BD. Prove that the circumcircle of
triangle BM N passes through S.

g7 Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. Let P be a point in the interior of ABC such
that P B > P C and ∠P BA = ∠P CB. Let M be the midpoint of the side BC. Let O be the
circumcenter of the triangle AP M . Prove that ∠OAC = 2∠BP M .

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AoPS Community Baltic Way Shortlist 2017+ Geometry

g8.13 Let ABC be a triangle in which ∠ABC = 60◦ . Let I and O be the incentre and circumcentre
of ABC, respectively. Let M be the midpoint of the arc BC of the circumcircle of ABC, which
does not contain the point A. Determine ∠BAC given that M B = OI.

g9 Let ABCD be a parallelogram. Points X and Y lie on the sides BC and CD, respectively. Seg-
ments BY and DX intersect each other at P . Prove that the line passing through midpoints of
the segments BD and XY is parallel to AP .

g10 (version 1) Let ABC be a triangle with incenter I and denote the midpoints on the sides BC,
CA and AB by MA ,MB and MC respectively. The point K is the reflection of I over MA , and `
is the line through K parallel with BC. We define P and Q as the intersections of ` with MA MB
and MA MC respectively. Show that the excircle opposite MA of M P MA Q goes through the
A-excenter of M ABC .
(version 2) Let ABCD be a parallelogram where M is the midpoint of BD . Let I be the incenter
of M ABD, and ` the line through I parallel with BD. We let MD , MB be the midpoints of AB,
AD. Show that if P = M MD ∩ ` and Q = M MB ∩ ` then the excircle of M P M Q opposite M
passes through the C-excenter of M BCD .

g11 Let IA , IB and Ic be the excenters opposite of A, B and C, respectively, of M ABC . Prove that
the Euler lines of triangles BIA C ,CIB A and AIC B all concur on the circumcircle of M ABC .

g12.14 Let P be a point inside the acute angle ∠BAC. Suppose that ∠ABP = ∠ACP = 90◦ . The points
D and E are on the segments BA and CA, respectively, such that BD = BP and CP = CE. The
points F and G are on the segments AC and AB, respectively, such that DF is perpendicular
to AB and EG is perpendicular to AC. Show that P F = P G.

g13 Let A0 be the result of reflection of vertex A of triangle ABC through line BC and let B 0 be the
result of reflection of vertex B through line AC. Given that ∠BA0 C = ∠BB 0 C , can the largest
angle of triangle ABC be located:
i) At vertex A?
ii) At vertex B?
iii) At vertex C?

g14.15 Let n ≥ 3 be an integer. What is the largest possible number of interior angles greater than 180◦
in an n-gon in the plane, given that the n-gon does not intersect itself and all its sides have the
same length?

– 2019

g1 Let ω1 and ω2 be two circles with centers O1 and O2 , respectively, with O2 lying on ω1 . Let A be
a common point of ω1 and ω2 . A line through A intersects ω1 in B 6= A and ω2 in C 6= A such

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AoPS Community Baltic Way Shortlist 2017+ Geometry

that A lies between B and C. The ray O2 O1 intersects ω2 in D and contains a point E such that
∠EAD = ∠DCO2 and D lies between O2 and E. Show that BO2 bisects CE.

g2 Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral such that |AD| < |AB| and |CD| < |CB|. Prove that
∠ABC < ∠ADC.

g3 Two points M and N have been selected from the edge BC of a tetrahedron ABCD so that the
point M lies between B and N , the point N lies between M and C, and the angle between the
planes AN D and ACD is equal to the angle between the planes AM D and ABD. Prove that
MB NB | M ABD|
+ ≥2
MC NC | M ACD|
where| M ABD| is the area of the triangle M ABD , and similarly | M ACD| is the area of M ACD .
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g4.11 Let ABC be a triangle with AB = AC. Let M be the midpoint of BC. Let the circles with diam-
eters AC and BM intersect at points M and P . Let M P intersect AB at Q. Let R be a point on
AP such that QR k BP . Prove that CP bisects ∠RCB.

g5 Let ABC be a scalene triangle. Let P be an interior point of ABC such that AP ⊥ BC. Assume
that BP and CP intersect AC and AB at X and Y , respectively. Prove that AX = AY iff there
exists a circle with centre lying on BC and tangent to AB and AC at points Y and X, respectively.

g6.12 Let ABC be a triangle and H its orthocenter. Let D be a point lying on the segment AC and let
E be the point on the line BC such that BC ⊥ DE. Prove that EH ⊥ BD if and only if BD
bisects AE.

g7 Let ABC be a triangle and H its orthocenter. Let P be an arbitrary point on segment BC. Prove
that H lies on the line passing through reflections of P with respect to AB and AC iff triangle
ABC is right angled.

g8.13 Let ABCDEF be a convex hexagon in which AB = AF , BC = CD, DE = EF and ∠ABC =

∠EF A = 90◦ . Prove that AD ⊥ CE.

g9 Let X, Y be points on AB, AC of triangle ABC, respectively such that B, C, X, Y lie on one
circle. The median of triangle ABC from A intersects perpendicular bisector of XY at P . Find
∠BAC, if P XY is equilateral.

g10 A circle with center O passes through the vertices B and C of the triangle ABC and intersects
for the second time segments AB and AC in points C1 and B1 correspondingly. The lines AO,
BB1 and CC1 are concurrent. Prove that triangle ABC is isosceles.

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g11.14 Let ABC be a triangle with ∠ABC = 90◦ , and let H be the foot of the altitude from B. The
points M and N are the midpoints of the segments AH and CH, respectively. Let P and Q be
the second points of intersection of the circumcircle of the triangle ABC with the lines BM and
BN , respectively. The segments AQ and CP intersect at the point R. Prove that the line BR
passes through the midpoint of the segment M N .

g12.15 Let n ≥ 4, and consider a (not necessarily convex) polygon P1 P2 . . . Pn in the plane. Suppose
that, for each Pk , there is a unique vertex Qk 6= Pk among P1 , . . . , Pn that lies closest to it. The
polygon is then said to be hostile if Qk 6= Pk±1 for all k (where P0 = Pn , Pn+1 = P1 ).
(a) Prove that no hostile polygon is convex.
(b) Find all n ≥ 4 for which there exists a hostile n-gon.

– 2020 (renamed as) longlist

g1.11 Let ABC be a triangle with AB > AC. The internal angle bisector of ∠BAC intersects the side
BC at D. The circles with diameters BD and CD intersect the circumcircle of 4ABC a second
time at P 6= B and Q 6= C, respectively. The lines P Q and BC intersect at X. Prove that AX is
tangent to the circumcircle of 4ABC.

g2 Let ABCDE be a convex pentagon inscribed in a circle ω such that CD k BE. The line tangent
to ω at B intersects the line AC at a point F such that A lies between the points C and F . The
lines BD and AE intersect at G. Prove that the line F G is tangent to the circumcircle of ADG.

g3.12 Let ABC be a triangle with circumcircle ω. The internal angle bisectors of ∠ABC and ∠ACB
intersect ω at X 6= B and Y 6= C, respectively. Let K be a point on CX such that ∠KAC = 90◦ .
Similarly, let L be a point on BY such that ∠LAB = 90◦ . Let S be the midpoint of arc CAB of
ω. Prove that SK = SL.

g4 Let ω be a semicircle with diameter XY . Let M be the midpoint of XY . Let A be an arbitrary

point on ω such that AX < AY . Let B and C be points lying on the segments XM and Y M ,
respectively, such that BM = CM . The line through C parallel to AB intersects ω at P . The
line through B parallel to AC intersects ω at Q. The line P Q intersects the line XY at a point S.
Prove that the line AS is tangent to ω

g5.13 Let ABC be an acute triangle with circumcircle ω. Let ` be the tangent line to ω at A. Let X and
Y be the projections of B onto lines ` and AC, respectively. Let H be the orthocenter of BXY .
Let CH intersect ` at D. Prove that BA bisects angle CBD.

g6 Let ω and I be the incircle and the incentre of a triangle ABC, respectively. Let E and F be the
tangency points of ω with the sides AC and AB, respectively. The perpendicular bisector of AI
intersects AC at a point P . Point Q lies on AB and satisfies QI ⊥ F P . Prove that EQ ⊥ AB.

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g7.14 An acute triangle ABC is given and let H be its orthocenter. Let ω be the circle through B, C
and H, and let Γ be the circle with diameter AH. Let X 6= H be the other intersection point of ω
and Γ, and let γ be the reflection of Γ over AX.
Suppose γ and ω intersect again at Y 6= X, and line AH and ω intersect again at Z 6= H. Show
that the circle through A, Y, Z passes through the midpoint of segment BC.

g8 Consider the Euclidean plane, the points A = (0, 0) and B = (1, 0) and the open half-strip

S = {(x, y) : 0 < x < 1, y > 0}

with width 1 and vertices A and B.

Find all functions f : S → S satisfying the following conditions for all P, Q ∈ S:
(i) f (f (P )) = P
(ii) If P, Q, A are collinear, then f (P ), f (Q) and B are collinear.
(iii) Iff (P ) = P and f (Q) = Q, then there is a circle containing A, B, P and Q.

g9 Let A, B, C, P and Q five pairwise different points in the plane. Suppose that A, B and C are not
collinear and that
AP AQ 21 BP BQ 20
= = , = = .
BP BQ 20 CP CQ 19
Prove that the line P Q contains the circumcentre of the triangle ABC.

g10.15 On a plane, Bob chooses 3 points A0 , B0 , C0 (not necessarily distinct) such that A0 B0 + B0 C0 +
C0 A0 = 1. Then he chooses points A1 , B1 , C1 (not necessarily distinct) in such a way that
A1 B1 = A0 B0 and B1 C1 = B0 C0 .
Next he chooses points A2 , B2 , C2 as a permutation of points A1 , B1 , C1 . Finally, Bob chooses
points A3 , B3 , C3 (not necessarily distinct) in such a way that A3 B3 = A2 B2 and B3 C3 = B2 C2 .
What are the smallest and the greatest possible values of A3 B3 + B3 C3 + C3 A3 Bob can obtain?

g11 Figure shows two non-intersecting circles α and β in space. We say that circle α devours circle
β since one chord of β (solid) is strictly contained in a chord of α (dashed).
The question is whether it is possible to place three circles α, β and γ in space so as to have α
devouring β devouring γ devouring α. The radii of the circles need not be equal.
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