Chemical Equilibrium

Physical Equilibrium 14201s Haole

Equilibrium

Chemical Equilibrium Haig 1219 E 214119

Homogeneous Eq

Heterogeneous Eq

OPEN VESSEL

Caco s I Cao s Co2 g

CLOSED VESSEL I

a A t bB E CC t dD At Equilibrium Rf Rb

b d
A 91B
Kf Kyla D
1

keg

Kg 44,1

At Equilibrium all macroscopic properties of systemstop changing

with time

Equilibrium is dynamic in nature

Equilibrium can be achievedfrom either direction

A catalyst only changes the speed with whichequilibrium is attained

not the keg

At Eq DG O TAG 2.303 RTlog keg

Araistheslopefthegraph

A Dog ie of Gibbsfree

g p energy plotted against

the extent
of reaction

or Dra Difference btw the chemical potentials partialmolar gibbs

at the composition of

energies of reactants products

Rx mixture

Gm Products Gm Reactants

For RM A B M Not RT In P

MB Ma MB RT In PB NY RT InPa
DrG t RT In Q

DrG MB Ma t RT In
Pgp

Rx is spontaneous MB
when Ma
Non spontaneous when TB Ma

At Equilibrium when Ma MB

t
I
iIt

im

e
g Caco Is I Cao is 021g ang 1
ng

Kp Kc Rt

Kp Kx P I P Total pressure at Equilibrium

atm m

units of Kp

ke moeLyong

Kx unitless

O 4 as Ron
Q
Iffy

2 A t 3B E C 2D
goes FWD

At Eg Qe Keg

iff

product reactant

Rx is productfavorable

High 7103

Magnitude of keg

low 10
3 Rx is reactantfavorable

Product Reactants

doesn't depend on conc of

Ky various reactants products presence

of catalyst Pressure volume

depends only on Temp

given by Van't Holt Equation

Variation of keg with Temp was

As per Gibbs Helmholtz Ean

f2fY p
Dlt

substitute DG T RT In Kp t we get

Int BE

Henkel


M with Temp M

If DH 0 then Kp T

If Dti O then Kp t I with Temp A

K2

d enka at

k 2

ink

An g I na lg

to a o

Totalmolesat Eg a n tnx

AtEg a se n

a it n nd

Mass
of
reactants Mass
ofentire system

a than a itch na M
YF

mix Mmix

t.de

also vD

MEI g
sso atio

Le Chatelier'sPrinciple

If a system at equilibrium is subjected to

disturbance or stress that
a

changes any of the factors that determine the state of equilibrium the

system will react in such a as to minimize the effect

way of this

disturbance


Elteet concentration

of

Reactants T FWD

At 2B E Ct D

reactants I BWD

Products T BUD

Products I FWD

Effect
ofvolume change at const temp

Pat

volume T 7 Pressure I Ryn tries to 4 the pressure

and goes where gaseous

moles are greater

e g Nalg t 3421g E 2MHzIg Volume T BWD

Caco 15 E Cao s t 0219 volume P FWD

1119 11218 E 2111 4

In charge

Dng 0

Addition Inert gas

of

at const volume No change at all

514

219 t 34219 I 2MHzIg

1 Paa

Ket KI

4
t

t.SI
but partial pressure of any component

untamed

Protae M

at constant pressure volume increases

Ran goes where gaseous

mores are greater

Nalg t 3421g E 2MHz1g Edd BW D

Caco is E Caois 021g Fadd FWD

Hylg t 121g I 2111 g

1ns No change