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DEPARTMENT OF ECE

UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Subject : Transmission lines & Wave Guides Sub Code : EC6503

Staff Name: Dr.H.UMMA HABIBA Class : V sem ECE

PART-A
UNIT-I
Transmission Line Theory

1. Define wavelength of the line. [Nov/Dec,2014]

Distance between two points along the line at which current or voltage differs in
phase by 2π radians. (or)
Distance corresponding to phase shift of 2π radians is called wave length (λ).
Where λ = 2 π/β

2. What is the significance of reflection coefficient? [Nov/Dec,2014]

We know that the reflection coefficient K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]

(i) When ZR = Z0 ,Reflection coefficient K = 0 ( No Reflection takes place)

(ii) When ZR = 0 , K=-1 i.e Amplitude is 1 and its phase difference is 180o (Reflection
is maximum)
(iii) When ZR =  , K=+1 i.e Amplitude is 1 and its phase difference is 00 (Reflection
is minimum)
K ranges from 0 to 1 in magnitude and 0 to 180 in phase angle.

3. A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 600 ohm. Determine

magnitude of reflection of coefficient if the receiving and impedance is (650-j
475) ohm. [May/June,2014]

Given:
ZO = 600 Ω
ZR = 650-j 475
447.6  83.99
K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0] = 50-j475/1250-j475 = =0.3347   63.19
1337.2 - 20.8

4. Define insertion loss. [May/June,2014]

If the power transmitted to the load before insertion is P1 and the power received by
the load after insertion is P2, then

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Insertion loss in dB= 10 log10 P1/P2

Insertion loss is defined as ratio of power delivered to the load without inserting a
filter (or) device to with inserting filter (or) device in between source and load.

5. Write the need for inductance loading of telephone cables.[Nov/Dec,2013]

Distortion less operation can be achieved by increasing the L/C ratio. The
inductance can be increased by using lumped inductors spaced at intervals along the
line. This is called inductance loading.

6. A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 400Ω and is terminated by

a load impedance of (650-j475) Ω. Determine the reflection coefficient.
[Nov/Dec,2013]
Given:
Z0 = 400 Ω ZR=650 - j475
Reflection coefficient K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]
=0.367-j0.28
= 0.465
7. A 50 coaxial cable feeds a 75 + j 20 dipole antenna. Find reflection coefficient
and standing wave ratio. (Nov/Dec 2012,R8)
Given:

Z0 = 50 ZR=75 + j20
K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]
Reflection coefficient K = 0.25
Standing wave ratio S = [ 1+ | K| ] / [ 1- | K| ]
= 1.25/0.75
= 1.66

8. At a frequency of 80 MHz, a lossless transmission line has a characteristic

impedance of 300 Ω and a wavelength of 2.5 m. Find L and C
(Nov/Dec 2012,R8)

=2.5 -------------(1)

√L/C = Z0 = 300 -------------(2)

Relate equation (1) and( 2)
Ans: L = 1.485 m H & C = 16.5 PF

9. Draw the equivalent circuit of a unit length of transmission line.

(Apr/May 2012, R8)

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Output

10. When does a finite line appear as an infinite line? (Nov/Dec 2011,R8)
(or) What is meant by infinite line? (Apr/May 2012, R8)

A finite line terminated in a load equivalent to its characteristics impedance (Z0)

appears as an infinite line.

11. If a line is to have neither frequency nor delay distortion, how do you
relate attenuation constant and velocity of propagation to frequency?
(Nov/Dec 2011,R8)
Attenuation constant and velocity of propagation can’t be functions of frequency.

12. How can distortion be reduced in a transmission line? [Apr/May 2011,R8]

α is independent of ω and β is a constant multiplied by ω.This is condition for
distortionlessline.

13. Define delay distortion.(or) What is Phase distortion?

[Nov-2010,R8,Nov-2009,Apr2008, May-2007,May-2006]
It is that type of distortion in which the time required to transmit the
various frequency components over the line and the consequent delay is not a
constant. That is, when Vp the phase velocity is independent of frequency, delay
distortion does not exist on lines. Since Vp = /,it will be independent of
frequency only when  is not a constant multiplied by .This type of distortion
is also known as phase distortion.

14. Write the expressions for the phase constant and velocity of propagation for
telephone cable. [Nov-2010,R8]
Ans: The expression for phase constant is  = RC/2
The expression for velocity of propagation is Vp =  2/ RC

15. Define characteristics impedance of a transmission line [May/June, 2013] [Apr-

2010,Nov-2006]
Characteristic impedance of a uniform transmission line may be defined as
the steady state vector ratio of the voltage to the circuit at the input of an
infinite line.

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√L/C = Z0 characteristic impedance

If an infinite number of identical symmetrical networks are connected one
after another. The impedance that, when connected to the output terminals of a
transmission.

16. What is the value of Z0 for the dissipationlessline? [May-2009]

Ans: Z0 dissipationlessline is Z0 =  (L / C)

17. Define propagation constant of a transmission line

[Nov-2007,May-2009Apr-2010]
The propagation constant per unit length of a uniform line may be defined as the
natural logarithm of the steady state vector ratio of the current or voltage at any point
to that at a point unit distance further from the source, when the line is infinitely
long. Therefore, propagation constant = loge (I1/I2)
= loge (V1/V2)

18. State the condition for distortionlessline. [May-2009]

Ans:α is independent of ω and β is a constant multiplied by ω.This is condition
for distortionlessline.

19. Find the attenuation and phase constant of a wave propagating along the
line whose propagation constant is 1.048x10-4 angle of 88.8 degree[Nov-2008]
Ans: γ =α + j=1.048x10-4 angle of 88.8 degree
α = 1.048x10-4 cos 88.8 =2.19x10-6 neper
= 1.048x10-4 sin 88.8 =1.0519x10-4 radian

20. Find the reflection coefficient of a 50 ohms transmission line when it is

terminated by a load impedance of 60+j40 ohms.[May/June,2013] [Apr-2008]
Ans: Characteristic impedance Z0 = 50Ω
Load Impedance ZR=60 + j40Ω
Reflection coefficient K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]

=[60 + j40-50 ] / [60 + j40+50]

= [10+j40] /[110+j40]

K =0.352 angle of55.98

21. Write down the primary and secondary constants for the lines of zero
Dissipation(or)Write the expression for the characteristic impedance and
propagation constant for a line of zero dissipation [Apr-2008,Nov-2003]
The line parameterL and C are termed as primary constant for the lines of zero
dissipations. Z0 =  (L/C) and γ = jω  LC are termed as secondary constants for the
lines of zero dissipation.

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22. Define wavelength (or)Briefly discuss the difference between wavelength and
period of a sine wave [Nov-2008,Nov-2007]
It is defined as the distance that a wave travels along a line inorder that the total
shift is 2 radians. It is denoted by .Its unit is meter.  = 2 ,  =(2 /)

23. Define reflection loss of a transmission line

[Apr2008, Nov-2006, May-2006,Nov-2003]
Reflection loss:
The reflection loss is defined as the number of nepers or decibels by which the
current in the load under image matched condition would exceed the current actually
flowing in the load. Thus the reflection loss involves the reciprocal of reflection
factor

24. What is frequency distortion? [May-2007,Apr 2008]

It is that type of distortion in which the various frequency components of the
signal undergoes different attenuation. This is, when the attenuation constant  is not
a function of the frequency, frequency distortion does not exist on transmission lines

25. Define reflection coefficient [Nov-2007]

Reflection coefficient is defined as the ratio of the reflected voltage at load to
the incident voltage at load. Reflection coefficient K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]

26. A 50 ohm line is terminated in load ZR=90 + j60 ohms. Determine the
reflection coefficient. [Nov-2007]
Ans: Z0 = 50 ZR=90 + j60
K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]

=[90 + j60-50 ] / [90 + j60+50] = [40+j60] /[140+j60]

=0.473angle of 75.96

27. Calculate the characteristic impedance of a transmission line if the following

measurements have been made on the line Z0c=550 angle of -60 degree ohms
and Zsc=500 angle of 30 degree ohms [Nov-2007]
Ans: Z0= Z0c X Zsc = 550 angle of -60 x500 angle of 30
= 524.404 angle of -15 degree

28. Calculate the load reflection coefficient of an open and short circuited line
[May-2007]
Reflection coefficient K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]
(i). Reflection coefficient of an short circuited lines, ZR =0
That is K= [0-ZO] / [0+Z0] = -ZO / Z0 = -1
(ii)Reflection coefficient of an short circuited lines, ZR = infinite,
That is K= ZR [1-(ZO/ ZR) ] / ZR [1+(ZO/ ZR) ] = 1

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29. How much inductance loading is required to make a 16 gauge cable

distortionless?The line parameters are R=42.1 ohms/km, G=1.5 micro
mhos/km, C=0.062 micro farad/km and L=1mH/km [Nov-2006]
Ans: [R/L] =[42.1/1x10-3] = 42.1x103
[G/L] = [1.5x 10-6] / [0.062x10-6] = 0.0242x103
[R/L] >>[G/C]

30. Give the analytical expression for input impedance of a dissipationless line
[May-2006]
The input impedance of a dissipationless line is
Zs= [Es/Is] = [ZR + jR0 tanβs] / [Z0 + jZRtanβs]

UNIT-II:
High Frequency Transmission Lines

1. List parameters of the open wire line at high frequencies. [Nov/Dec,2014]

d
L = µ0 ln H/m
a
 1
C= F/m  =
ln d/a  f
Rdc = K/πa2
Rac = K/2πa 

2. A line having characteristic impedance of 50 Ω is terminated in load

impedance (75 +j75) Ω. Determine the reflection coefficient. [Nov/Dec,2014]
Reflection coefficient K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]
Given : ZR = 75 +j75
Z0 = 50 Ω
Ans: K= 0.54  40.60

3. Give the equations for the characteristic impedance and propagation

constant of a dissipation less line. [May/June,2014]
Characteristic impedance Z0 = √L/C-----------------(i)
Propagation constant (γ)= α+jβ= √ZY = (0+j) w √LC--------------(ii)
From equ (ii) Attenuation constant α =0
Phase constant β = w √LC
For dissipation less line R= 0, and G should be negligibly small
Where Z = R+jwL = jwL Y = G+jwC = jwC

4. Write the conditions to be satisfied by a dissipation less line.[Nov/Dec,2013]

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 R =G = 0
 R/L =G/C and Attenuation constant α = 0
 Phase constant β = ω√LC
5. A lossless transmission line has a shunt capacitance of 100pF/m and a series
inductance of 4 µ H/m. Determine the characteristics impedance.
[Nov/Dec,2013]
Capacitance C = 100pF/m
Inductance L = 4 µ H/m

Characteristics impedance Z0 = √L/C = 200

6. Write the expression for VSWR in terms of

a) the reflection coefficient. b) VSWR in terms of ZL and Z0.
(or) Write the relationship between SWR and reflection coefficient.
[May/June 2013] (Nov/Dec 2012,R8) (Apr/May 2012, R8)

The ratio of the maximum to minimum magnitudes of current or voltage on a line

having standing wave is called the standing wave ratio S(or) SWR(or)VSWR. That
is
S = Emax / Emin = Imax / Imin

(a) SWR = [ 1+ | K| ] / [ 1- | K| ]

(b)Where K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]

1+ ([ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0])
SWR= ___________________ = ZR/Z0
1- ([ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0])

7. For the line of zero dissipation, what will be the values of attenuation
constant and characteristic impedance? (Nov/Dec 2011,R8)
Attenuation constant α = 0
Characteristics impedance Z0 = R0
= Wholly resistive

8. Define standing wave ratio. (Nov/Dec 2011,R8)

The ratio of maximum to minimum magnitudes of voltage or current on a line
having standing waves is called standing wave ratio.
S = Emax / Emin = Imax / Imin

9. Express standing wave ratio in terms of a reflection coefficient.

[Apr/May 2011,R8]
The ratio of maximum to minimum magnitudes of voltage or current on a line
having standing waves is called standing wave ratio

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SWR = [ 1+ | K| ] / [ 1- | K| ]
Where K= [Vr /Vi]

10. Define skin depth [Apr/May 2011,R8]

Skin depth is a measure of how far electrical conduction takes place in a
conductor, and is a function of frequency, permeability and conductivity. Skin effect
is the tendency of an electric current flow in a conductor; the alternating magnetic
flux induces the e.m.f. This emf causes current density being largest near surface of
conductor, decreasing at the interior of the wire. This is known as skin effect or skin
depth

11. Compare transmission line and wave guide. [Apr/May 2011,R8]

A TRANSMISSION LINE is a device designed to guide electrical energy from
one point to another. It is used, for example, to transfer the output RF energy of a
transmitter to an antenna. It also act as circuits elements like L, C, filters,
resonant circuits, transformers and even insulators at very high frequencies,
Example: Parallel wire, Co axial type and Wave guide.
A WAVE GUIDE is a Hallow Tube of uniform cross section. It is used for
guiding the energy by continuous reflection from inner walls of the guide. Microwave
ranges of frequencies are employed. A waveguide restricts the three dimensional "free
space" propagation of the electromagnetic wave to a single dimension.
12. Write the expressions for the input impedance of open and short circuited
dissipation less line. [Nov-2010,R8,May2007,Nov-2004]
Ans: For a short circuited line ZR =0 so that ZSC = jR0 tanβs
For a open circuited line ZR = infinite. so that ZoC = -jR0 cotβs

13. A lossless line has a characteristic impedance of 400 ohms. Determine the
standing wave ratio if the receiving end impedance is 800 +j 0.0 ohms.
[Nov-2010,R8]
Ans: SWR = [ 1+ | K| ] / [ 1- | K| ]
Where K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]
=[800-400]/[800+400]
= [400/1200] =0.33+j0
SWR = [ 1+ | K| ] / [ 1- | K| ]= [ 1+ | 0.33| ] / [ 1- | 0.33| ] =2.015

14. Compute the VSWR of a 75 ohm transmission line when it is terminated by a

load impedance of 50+j30 ohm [Nov-2010]
Ans: The reflection coefficient K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]
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= [(50+j30)-75] /[ 50+j30)+75]
=[-25+j30] / [125+j30]
=39.05 angle of 129.80 / 128.5 angle of 13.495
= 0.303angle of 116.305
| K| =0.303
VSWR = [ 1+ | K| ] / [ 1- | K| ]
= [1+0.303] / [1-0.303] = 1.303/0.697
=1.8694

15. A lowlossline has a characteristic impedance of 400 ohms.Determine the

standing wave ratio if the receiving end impedance is(650-j475) ohms[Nov-
2009]
Ans: SWR = [ 1+ | K| ] / [ 1- | K| ]
K = [ZR-ZO] / [ZR+Z0]
=[650-j475-400]/[650-j475+400] =[250-j475] / [ 850-j475]=0.551 -33.04

16. If the reflection coefficient of a line is 0.3 angle of -66 degree ,calculate the
standing wave ratio. [May-2009]
Ans: SWR = [ 1+ | K| ] / [ 1- | K| ] =[1+0.3] / [1-0.3] =1.3/0.7=13/7 =1.8

17. Give the minimum and maximum value of SWR and reflection coefficient
[Nov-2008]
Ans: Minimum and maximum value of SWR is 1 to 
Minimum and maximum value of reflection coefficient is -1 to + 1
18. Find the VSWR and Reflection coefficient of a perfectly matched line with
no reflection from load? [May-2007]
VSWR = [ 1+ | K| ] / [ 1- | K| ] and reflection coefficient K=0
Therefore K= [Vr /Vi]

19. Define standing wave ratio [May-2007] [Nov-2007] [May-2006][Nov-2006]

The ratio of the maximum to minimum magnitudes of current or voltage on a line

having standing wave is called the standing wave ratio S. That is
S = Emax / Emin = Imax / Imin

20. Why do standing waves exist on transmission lines?

[Nov-2006][ Apr-2005] [Nov-2004]
If voltage magnitudes are measured along the length of a line terminated
in a load other than R0,the plotted values appear as shown in fig. These waves are
called standing waves.

PART-B QUESTIONS

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(UNIT-I)
TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY

1. (a) Obtain the expression for current and voltage at any point along a line
which is terminated in Zo. (OR)
(b) For a transmission line terminated in Zo , prove that Zo= √ ZSC. ZoC. The
following measurement are made on a 25 km line at a frequency of 796 Hz.
ZSC = 3220 -79.29o Ω , ZoC = 1301 76.67 o Ω. Determine the primary
constants of the line. [Nov/Dec,2014]

2. a) What are the types of waveform distortion introduced by a transmission

line ? Derive the conditions for the distortion less operation of a transmission
line.
b) The constants of a transmission line are R=6
ohm/km.L=2.2.mH/Km.C=0.005μF/Km and G=0.25*10^ -3 mhos/Km.
Calculate the attenuation constant and phase constant at 1000Hz.
(Or)
a) Derive the transmission line equations and obtain expressions for the
voltage and current on a transmission line.
b) A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of (683-j138). The
propagation constant is (0.0074 + j0.0356) per Km. Determine the values
of R and L of this line if the frequency is 1000Hz. [May/June,2014]

3. (i)Derive the general solutions of transmission line terminated with any load
impedance ZR. [Nov/Dec,2013] [May/June 2013]
(or) Derive the transmission line equation and hence obtain expressions for
the voltage and current on a transmission line. [Apr/May 2012,R8]
(or) Derive the two useful forms of equations for voltage and current at any
point on a transmission line [Nov/Dec 2011,R8]

(ii)A transmission line has L = 10 m H/m, C = 10-7 F/m, R = 20 Ω/m, and

G = 10-5 mho /m. Find the input impedance at a frequency of (5000/2π)Hz,
if the line is very long. [Nov/Dec,2013]

4. (i)Explain the different types of distortions in a transmission lines and also

Derive the condition for a dissipation less (or) distortion less line
[Nov/Dec.2013][May/June 2013][Nov-2008] [Apr-2008, Apr-2004]

(ii)The characteristics impedance of a uniform transmission line is 2309.6 Ω

at 800 Hz. At this frequency, the propagation constant is
0.054(0.0366+j0.999) per km. Determine R and L. [Nov/Dec.2013]

5. A cable has the following parameters: R = 48.750 Ω/Km, L= 1.09mH/km, G =

38.75µ mho/km, C = 0.059 µ F/km. Determine the characteristics impedance,

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propagation constant and wavelength for a source of f = 1600 Hz and Es =

1V. [May/June 2013]
6. (i) Explain the condition for distortion less line. Characteristic impedance
of a transmission line at 8 MHz is (40-2j) ohm and the propagation constant
is (0.01+j0.18) per meter. Find the primary constants. (Nov/Dec 2012,R8)

7. Discuss the following:

(a)Reflection on a line not terminated in Zo.. b) Open and short circuited
lines. [May/June 2013] (Nov/Dec 2012,R8)

8. A transmission line has the following constants R = 10.4 Ω, L= 3.66 m H, C =

0.00835 µ F and G = 0.08x 10-6 mhos. Calculate its characteristics impedance,
attenuation and phase constant and phase velocity. [Apr/May 2012,R8]

9. (i)A low lossless transmission line of 100 ohms characteristics impedance is

connected to a load of 200 ohm. Calculate voltage reflection coefficient and
the standing wave ratio. [Apr/May 2012,R8]
(ii)Discuss the theory of open and short circuited lines with voltage and
current distribution diagrams and also get the input impedance expression.
10. (i) If Z = R + j ω L and Y = G + j ω C , show that the line parameter values fix
the velocity of propagation for an ideal line. [Nov/Dec 2011,R8]
(ii) Deduce the expressions for characteristic impedance and propagation
constant of a line of cascaded identical and symmetrical T sections of
impedance

11. Derive the equation of attenuation constant and phase constants of

transmission lines in terms of line constants R, L, C and G and explain the
significance of reflection coefficient and insertion loss. [Apr/May 2011,R8]

12. A generator of 1V, 1 kHz supplies power to a 100 km open wire line
terminated in 200Ω resistance. The line parameter are R = 10Ω/km L = 3.8
mH/km, G = 1 × 10-6 mho/km, C = 0.0085 µ F / km. Calculate the impedance,
reflection coefficient, power and transmission efficiency. [Apr/May 2011,R8]

13. Draw the L-type equivalent circuit model of a two – conductor transmission
line and derive the transmission line equations. [Apr-2010,R8]

14. (i).Discuss the reflection Coefficient of different types of transmission lines.

(ii).A transmission line operating at 106 rad/s has α=8 dB/m, β=1 rad/m and
z0=60+j40Ω, and is 2 meter long. If the line is connected to a source of 10 0 0
V, zg=40Ω and terminated by a load of 20+j50Ω, determine the current at the
middle of the line. [Apr-2010,R8]

15. (i) Describe the application quarter wave line [APR 2010]

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(ii) A lossless 60ohm transmission line terminated by a 60+j60 ohm load.

Find the reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio. If the input
impedance Zin = 120-j60 ohm, how for (in terms of wavelengths) is the load
from the generator. Solve this using SMITH chart.

16. A 50 ohm lossless line is to be matched with a RF load of ZL = (25+j25)ohm

at 300 M HZ using single shorted stub. Calculate the stub length, distance
between the RF load and stub using SMITH chart. [APR 2010]

17. a. Define propagation constant and characteristic impedance

b. Obtain the general solution of the transmission line and state its physical
significance(or) Develop the differential equations governing the voltage and
current at any point on a transmission line solve these to obtain the voltage and
current in terms of the load current and voltage.(or) Derive the transmission
line equation and obtain the solution of it.
[Nov-2009,Nov-2008, Apr2008, Nov-2006, Nov-2005,Nov-2003]

18. Derive the equations of attenuation constant and phase constant of a

transmission line in terms of R,L,G and C [Nov-2009,Apr2008, Nov-2005]

19. The constants of a transmission line are R=6 ohms/km, L=2.2 mH/km,
C=0.005x10-6 F/km and G=0.25x10-6 mbos/km. Determine the characteristic
impedance and propagation constant at 1000 Hz. [Nov-2009]

20. A line has the following primary constants

R=100Ω/km L=0.001H/km
G=1.5 μ mho /km C=0.062 μ F/km
Find the characteristic impedance and the propagation constant. [May-2009]

21. A generator of 1 V, 1 kHz supplies power to a 100 km transmission line

terminated in 200 Ω resistance. The line parameters are R=10Ω/km,
L=3.8mH/km, G=1 μ F/km, C=0.0085 μ F/km. [May-2009]

22. A transmission line 2 miles long operates at 10khz and has parameters
R = 30 ohms/miles ,C= 80nF/mile,L=2.2 mH/mile and G=20 nv/mile.Find the
characteristic impedance ,propagation constant ,attenuation and phase shift
per mile [Nov-2008] [Apr-2008, Apr-2004]

23. The characteristic impedance of a 805m long transmission line is 94 angle of -

23.2 degree ohm, the attenuation constant is 74.5x10-6 Np/m and the phase
shift constant is 174x10-6 rad/m at 5khz.Calculate the line parameters R,L,G
and C per meter and phase velocity on the line. [Nov-2008]

24. Derive the equations for input impedance of transmission lines.

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[Apr-2008,Nov-2007] [May-2006]

25. (i)A parallel wire transmission line is having the following line parameters at
5kHz.Series resistance (R=2.59X10-3 ohms /m),series inductance(L=2 micro
henry/m),shunt conductance(G=0 mhos/m) and capacitance between
conductors(c=5.56 pF/m).Find the characteristic impedance, attenuation
constant( Np/m),phase shift constant( rad/m),velocity of propagation and
wavelength

(ii)A 2 meter long transmission line with characteristic impedance of 60+j40

ohms is operated at() 106 rad/sec has attenuation constant of 0.921 Np/m
and phase shift constant of 0 rad/m. If the line is terminated by a load of
20+j50 ohms, determine the input impedance of this line [Apr-2008]

26. An open wire transmission line has R= 10 ohms per km, L=0.0037 Henry per
km, G=0.4 x 10-6 mhos per km and C=0.0083x 10-6 Farad per km. Determine
the characteristic impedance and propagation constant. Assume frequency as
1000Hz [Apr-2008]

27. A cable has the parameters: [Nov-2007]

-6
R= 48.75 ohms /km, L=1.09 mH/km, G=38.75 x 10 mho/km and C=0.059
Micro farad/km. Determine the characteristic impedance, propagation
constant and wavelength for a source of f=1600Hz and Es =1.0 volts

28. (i)A cable has been uniformly loaded by an inductance such that
ώl>>R. Assuming leakage conductance to be nil, deduce an expression for
attenuation and phase constant without neglecting R.

(ii)A transmission line has the following parameters per km

R= 15 ohms, L=1 mH and G=1 x 10-6 mho. Find the additional inductance to
give distortion less transmission. Calculate attenuation and phase constant for
the loaded line [Nov-2007]

29. (i)A transmission line operated at 500MHz has Z0= 80 ohms, α =0.04
Nep/m, β =1.5 rad/m. Find the line parameters series resistance, series
inductance, shunt conductance and capacitance between conductor

(ii) A DISTORTION LESS transmission line has attenuation

constant ,15x10-3 neper/m and capacitance of 0.1nf/m. The characteristic
impedance √ (L/C) =50 ohms. Find the resistance, inductance and
conductance per meter of the line. [May-2007]

30. (i)Draw and explain rotating voltage phasor systems for incident and
reflected waves for an open circuit termination

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(ii) Write a brief note on reflection coefficient and its effect an voltage and
current equations in transmission lines [May-2007]

31. (i)Discuss in detail about inductance loading of telephone cables and derive
the attenuation constant, phase constant and velocity of signal transmission
for the uniformly loaded cable

(ii) Explain in detail about the reflection on a line not terminated in its
characteristic impedance [May-2007]

32. Explain the following terms:

i. Reflection on transmission lines ii. Reflection coefficient
[Nov-2006, Nov-2004 ]
33. A telephone cable 64 km long has a resistance of 13 ohms/km and a
capacitance of 0.008 micro farad/km. Calculate the attenuation constant,
velocity and wavelength of the line at 1000Hz. [Nov-2006]

34. Explain the physical significance of the transmission line general solution
equation derived for E and I interms of Er and Ir [May-2006]

UNIT-II
High Frequency Transmission Lines

1. Explain the parameters of open wire line and coaxial cable at RF. Mention
the standard assumptions made for radio frequency line.
[Nov/Dec 2014]
2. a) Drive an expression for the input impedance of dissipation less line.
Extend yours results for open and short circuited lines also.
b) Write a brief note on impedance measurement on transmission lines.
[Nov/Dec 2014]

3. (i)Derive an expression for the input impedance of dissipationless lines.

Deduce the input impedance of open and short circuited dissipation less
line. [Nov/Dec 2013] [ Nov-2006,Nov-2005] [Nov-2004]

(ii)A lossless line in air having a characteristic impedance of 300 Ω is

terminated in unknown impedance. The first voltage minimum is located at
15 cm from the load. The standing wave ratio is 3.3 Calculate the wavelength
and terminated impedance. [Nov/Dec 2013]

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4. (i)Derive the expression that permit easy measurements of power flow on a

line of negligible losses [Nov/Dec 2011,R8]
(ii)Derive the expressions for input impedance of open and short circuited
lines.

5. Discuss the various parameters of open-wire and co-axial lines at radio

Frequency. [Nov/Dec 2011,R8]

6. Derive the expression for the input impedance of a lossless line. [Apr-2010]

7. (i).Define standing wave ratio and obtain the expression of VSWR in terms of
reflection coefficient. [May-2009]
(ii)Derive the input impedance of a quarter wave line and discuss its
applications.

8. Define and explain the following

i. Standing waves iv. Nodes and antinodes
ii. Standing wave ratio v. A method to measure SWR
iii. Relation between SWR and K
[Apr2008,Nov-2003]

9. (i)Deduce the expression for constant-s circle for the dissipation less line and
Explain
(ii)A transmission line is terminated in ZL. Measurements indicate that the
standing wave minima are 102 cm apart and that the last minimum is 35cm
from the load end of the line .The value of standing wave ratio is 2.4 and
R0=250 ohm. Determine wavelength and load impedance [Nov-2007]

10. An antenna as a load on a transmission line produces a standing wave ratio

of 2.8 with a voltage minimum 0.12λ from the antenna terminals. Find the
antenna impedance, reflection factor and reflection loss at the antenna if
R0=300 ohms for the line [Nov-2006]

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