MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF WIND SOLAR HYBRID

SYSTEM USING MATLAB/SIMULINK

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the uses of solar energy systems in various applications to define the most appropriate
system that has highly efficient and reliable. Most of the urban even rural areas that suffer from lack of
continuous power supplies it prefers to depend on hybrid systems like solar/wind systems, solar/geothermal
system, and solar/diesel-battery systems. Investigation indicates that hybrid systems could meet the required
loads in different proportions depending on the operating conditions and components of the hybrid system
compare with the separate system but has complexity regarding their components of the system with the high
initial cost. Moreover, utilize hybrid solar/thermal system is more sufficient than had systems that mentioned
as a result of the improvements at his parts to increase the overall efficiency by using phase change material
(PCM), nanofluid or a mix of PCM - nanofluid as cooling the photovoltaic (PV) panel to keep the efficiency
of the solar cells and increase thermal energy. Thus, hybrid solar/thermal systems had proven effective to meet
the required loads of electric energy and good capacity to provide thermal energy simultaneously without toxic
emissions with a negligible complexity of its components. Keywords: Irradiation, Hybrid system, PCM, Nanofluid

1. INTRODUCTION

Growing of human population growth and the associated industrial revolution leads to increasing energy
demand constantly where fossil fuels are the main source of energy which causes by a huge of carbon dioxide
emissions due to electricity generation. Many feasibility studies have conducted to determine the systems that
work as environmental friendly systems (renewable energy systems) that has a long life operation with high
reliability and efficiency, these systems have selected as an alternative to fossil fuel systems [1], adopting
alternative energy sources as non-conventional sources such as wind energy, hydropower, biogas, biomass
energy and solar photovoltaic. As a reason for the increasing demand for electricity, other causes like
increasing global warming and fluctuate of oil price and gas emission .In this context, utilize new
environmental friendly systems that called hybrid system to be a viable alternative for a single system where
the hybrid system has a suitable ability to fulfill the energy demands of consumers in isolated areas [3]. A
hybrid system is a combination of two or more systems that depend on energy sources to generate efficient
power that could supply stable power. Many scientists found that solar/geothermal system represents a suitable
option for achieving a stable energy source because it has a good feature allows to operate without emissions
and work with steady-state. Converting the excess heat energy gained from the sun during the day by units
stored energy to use it during the night to meet the required energy demands [4]. Hybrid solar/wind system is
preferred especially at the rural area, where there is no benefit could get from the grid supply due to rise the
demand for electricity which lead to heading toward the renewable. Feature of solar and wind energies is
intermittent for this reason adopting hybrid systems became a good feature to ensure the energy supply even
with the absence of one of its sources like sun or wind and thus, achieve the maximum capacity to benefit
from it [5]. Combine conventional with eco-friendly system represented by hybrid solar/diesel system that
used as a solution for areas that have to lack a grid system where select hybrid solar/diesel- battery system has
a reliable with suitable efficiency to supply the power without considerable interruption although it is a
product of toxic emissions [6], adopting on solar radiation as clean energy sources that use with a different
type of the system even hybrid or separate. Recently a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal collector is commonly
used and this system will provide by electric and thermal energy simultaneously. The main aim of the
combined PV/thermal system is achieving increasing in the overall efficiency of the PV system by cooling the
solar cells by the pipes of solar collectors that including the (water, air) or another fluid medium. Thus,
decrease the temperature of solar cells make the PV work with good efficiency adding to the thermal energy
that increases due to the heat gain from solar radiation and solar cells [7]. In Hungary, nuclear power as well
coal is dominated by producing electricity in addition to imported electricity. Recently, Hungary desires to
support its capabilities in the field of energy permanence by adopting renewable energy sources that
characterized as clean, secure and economic to meet its needs of electric power and heating, etc. [8]. Technical
and economic studies have conducted the various design of the photovoltaic system according to Hungarian
conditions with different capacities from 50 kW to 500 kW for local governments and industry sectors. The
results show that the investment in the solar energy field was good economically and technically with low
payback periods of less than 10 years. [9]. According to data of the Photovoltaic Geographical Information
System of the University of Miskolc-Hungary from 2006-2016 as seen in Fig. 1, where shows the monthly
solar irradiation estimates (Horizontal irradiation) with slope angle 37° which considered suitable to encourage
the use of solar energy in various fields.

Figure 1. Global horizontal irradiation for University of Miskolc

2 HYBRIDS SOLAR/ WIND SYSTEM

Hybrid solar Photovoltaic/Wind system is a parallel hybrid system that combined the PV array that depends
on the abundant solar radiation which is not the same intensity during the same day and wind turbine that
depend on the abundant of wind source. Thus, generate power that could meet the load consumption when the
solar radiation is available, the hand when the sun goes down the wind turbine could cover power shorting
when the wind source is available and Fig. 2, show the schematic diagram of hybrid PV/wind system [10].
Adopted both of wind and solar energy resources as one system (hybrid) by using both wind energy and solar
energy like a combined system to the resolved issue of variability and optimization the production of the
system by converting wind and solar energy into electricity that directly storage by batteries to meet the
required loads [11], Thus, to build a hybrid system it is very important to study the technical abilities of the
local consumers for knowledge of the advances that include this sector. In 2012, a study had conducted to
determine the performance and compatibility of the hybrid PV/wind system on the remote area power system
(RAPS) around the year. Therefore, data analysis funded that for each hour around the year both wind and
solar energy resources one of them completes the other with meet the specific loads without the need for
additional batteries for charging compared with converting and storing for separate PV system [12]. Therefore,
increasing utilizing hybrid systems like solar and wind systems that considered as promising energy resources
that use for residential and industrial applications. Although lowering usable in the rural areas due to the
reduction of technical capacity such as break-even distance and low population size [13]. In another hand,
hybrid solar/wind systems are a little complicated regarding to their components (non-linear properties) and
other variables parameters among both of configurations to reach optimization technique for hybrid solar/wind
system with the assistance of computer software which plays an important role to design safe energy systems
 Figure 2. PV/ Wind Hybrid System

Both systems that combined use batteries as a back-up option for the stored energy generated in the case of
one of the sources (solar radiation or wind) is not sufficiently available. However, in case of the solar hybrid
PV/wind that connected by the grid, there is no effect on the stability of the system and in case of off-grid
hybrid PV/wind system It is possible to reach stability in the system by increasing the number of batteries
[15], it is necessary at design the hybrid system to specify equipment's with taking in consideration the capacity
maintain the reliability of system when meeting the loads with reducing of system capital cost [16].

3. CONCLUSION
Accreditation on various resources of renewable energy that could ensure energy supply sustainability by
meets the load demand continuously. Adoption of the solar energy systems that have efficiency with reliability
as an alternative resource of conventional energy contributes to reducing emission and conventional energy.
This paper seeks to identify the suited hybrid system t for general applications by studying a different type of
hybrid system. Adopting hybrid solar/wind could meet the required loads but it has a little complicated
regarding their components (non-linear properties) with the assistance of computer software that has an
important role to design safe energy systems. Using a hybrid solar/geothermal system has great performance
comparing with separation systems and efficiency depends on system components which is complexity with
the high initial cost. However, hybrid solar PV/Generator with battery more suitable option economically that
could meet the load demands for rural areas but it does not evacuate from a certain value of toxic emissions
result by using it with little effects of the battery. While Hybrid solar PV/thermal system experiencing
significant growth with improvements at his parts to increase the overall efficiency of the system by use PCM,
nanofluid or a mix of PCM-nanofluid as cooling the PV panel to keep the efficiency of the solar cells and
increase thermal energy. Utilizing a hybrid solar/thermal system has proven effective to meet the required
loads of electric energy and good capacity to provide thermal energy simultaneously without toxic emissions
with a little complicated component.
 MPPT TECHNOLOGY

What is Maximum Power Point Tracking? MPPT or Maximum Power Point Tracking is a
special technology that you can apply to produce better power output from turbines and PV
solar modules in various circumstances. MPPT controller can detect in real time the
generated voltage of solar panels and track the maximum voltage and current values (the
VI), so that the system could charge the battery with the maximum power output. MPPT
can be applied in photovoltaic inverter to coordinate with solar panels, batteries and work
loads.
Many people get confused about what is MPPT in essence. Maximum Power Point
Tracking works by regulating the electrical module state so that more power can be
effectively stored in batteries. The application of MPPT can effectively solve the
conventional power using problem in remote areas and tourist areas without producing
pollution.
The output power of PV cell is related with the operating voltage of MPPT controller, it
would output a maximum value only when working in the most suitable voltage.