Research

SOLAR PV-WIND HYBRID POWER

GENERATION SYSTEM

Name: Adel Mohamed Abdelmohsen

Code: 1064
Department: Wind Energy

Dr/Ahmed Abo Oqail

INTRODUCTION
We all know that the world is facing a major threat of fast depletion of the fossil fuel reserves.
Most of the present energy demand is met by fossil and nuclear power plants. A small part is met
by renewable energy technologies such as the wind, solar, biomass, geothermal etc. There will
soon be a time when we will face a severe fuel shortage. As per the law of conservation of energy,
“Energy can neither be created, nor be destroyed, but it can only be converted from one form to
another”. Most of the research now is about how to conserve the energy and how to utilize the
energy in a better way. Research has also been into the development of reliable and robust
systems to harness energy from non conventional energy resources. Among them, the wind and
solar power sources have experienced a remarkably rapid growth in the past 10 years. Both are
pollution free sources of abundant power. With high economic growth rates and over 17 percent
of the world’s population, India is a significant consumer of energy resources. Despite the global
financial crisis, India’s energy demand continues to rise. India consumes its maximum energy in
Residential, commercial and agricultural purposes in comparison to China, Japan, and Russia.[1]
Solar energy is energy from the Sun. It is renewable, inexhaustible and environmental pollution
free. Solar charged battery systems provide power supply for complete 24 hours a day
irrespective of bad weather. By adopting the appropriate technology for the concerned
geographical location, we can extract a large amount of power from solar radiations. More over
solar energy is expected to be the most promising alternate source of energy. The global search
and the rise in the cost of conventional fossil fuel is making supply-demand of electricity product
almost impossible especially in some remote areas. Generators which are often used as an
alternative to conventional power supply systems are known to be run only during certain hours
of the day, and the cost of fueling them is increasingly becoming difficult if they are to be used
for commercial purposes. Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with the movement of
atmospheric air. It has been used for hundreds of years for sailing, grinding grain and for
irrigation. Wind energy systems convert this kinetic energy to more useful forms of power. Wind
energy systems for irrigation and milling have been in use since ancient times and at the
beginning of the 20th century it is being used to generate electric power. Windmills for water
pumping have been installed in many countries particularly in the rural areas. Wind turbines
transform the energy in the wind into mechanical power, which can then be used directly for
grinding etc. or further converting to electric power to generate electricity. Wind turbines can be
used singly or in clusters called ’wind farms.
There is a growing awareness that renewable energy such as photovoltaic system and Wind
power have an important role to play in order to save the situation. Hybrid power system consist
of a combination of renewable energy source such as wind generators, solar etc of charge
batteries and provide power to meet the energy demand, considering the local geography and
other details of the place of installation. These types of systems are not connected to the main
utility grid. They are also used in stand-alone applications and operate independently and
reliably. The best application for these type of systems are in remote places, such as rural villages,
in telecommunications etc. The importance of hybrid systems has grown as they appear to be
the right solution for a clean and distributed energy production.[1] This paper presents the Solar-
Wind hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energies in Sun and Wind to generate
and supply electricity to a private house, farm house, a small company, an educational institution
or an apartment house depending on the need at the site where used.
 SOLAR WIND HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM

Solar-Wind hybrid Power system is the combined power generating system by wind mill and solar
energy panel. It also includes a battery which is used to store the energy generated from both
the sources. Using this system power generation by windmill when wind source is available and
generation from PV module when light radiation is available can be achieved. Both units can be
generated power when both sources are available. By providing the battery uninterrupted power
supply is possible when both sources are idle. Fig.1. shows the functional block diagram of hybrid
wind solar energy system. The power generated from wind mill is of AC voltage which is
converted through AC-DC rectifier. A special type of converter is used to step up or step down
through MOSFET switching called “SEPIC” converter for wind mill. For solar system cuk converter
is used for the regulation. The micro controller incorporated in this scheme, which regularly
refers the operation of sources and switches the corresponding converters and fed into change
the battery or to the load through inverters. The output of the inverter is connected with the
load and after that the voltage is stepped up by a transformer. The driver circuit is used to give
the gate signal for the MOSFET of converters.

IMPLEMENTATION OF HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM

Intermittent energy resources and energy resources unbalance are the most important reason to install a
hybrid energy supply system. The Solar PV wind hybrid system suits to conditions where sunlight and wind
has seasonal shifts.[2] As the wind does not blow throughout the day and the sun does not shine for the
entire day, using a single source will not be a suitable choice. A hybrid arrangement of combining the
power harnessed from both the wind and the sun and stored in a battery can be a much more reliable
and realistic power source. The load can still be powered using the stored energy in the batteries even
when there is no sun or wind. Hybrid systems are usually built for design of systems with lowest possible
cost and also with maximum reliability. The high cost of solar PV cells makes it less competent for larger
capacity designs. This is where the wind turbine comes into the picture,
cheap cost as compared to the PV cells. Battery system is needed to store solar and wind energy produced
during the day time. During night time, the presence of wind is an added advantage, which increases the
reliability of the system. In the monsoon seasons, the effect of sun is less at the site and thus it is apt to
use a hybrid wind solar system. The system components are as follows

1.Photovoltaic solar power

Solar panels are the medium to convert solar energy into the electrical energy. Solar panels can convert
the energy directly or heat the water with the induced energy. PV (Photo-voltaic) cells are made up from
semiconductor structures as in the computer technologies. Sun rays are absorbed with this material and
electrons are emitted from the atoms .This release activates a current. Photovoltaic is known as the
process between radiation absorbed and the electricity induced. Solar power is converted into the electric
power by a common principle called photo electric effect. The solar cell array or panel consists of an
appropriate number of solar cell modules connected in series or parallel based on the required current
and voltage.

2. Wind Power
The wind energy is a renewable source of energy. Wind turbines are used to convert the wind power into
electric power. Electric generator inside the turbine converts the mechanical power into the electric
power. Wind turbine systems are available ranging from 50W to 3-4 MW. The energy production by wind
turbines depends on the wind velocity acting on the turbine. Wind power is able to feed both energy
production and demand in the rural areas. It is used to run a windmill which in turn drives a wind generator
or wind turbine to produce electricity

3. Batteries
The batteries in the system provide to store the electricity that is generated from the wind or the solar
power. Any required capacity can be obtained by serial or parallel connections of the batteries. The
battery that provides the most advantageous operation in the solar and wind power systems are
maintenance free dry type and utilizes the special electrolytes. These batteries provide a perfect
performance for long discharges.

4. Inverter
Energy stored in the battery is drawn by electricals loads through the inverter, which converts DC power
into AC power. The inverter has in-built protection for Short-Circuit, Reverse Polarity, Low Battery Voltage
and Over Load.

5. Microcontroller
The microcontroller compares the input of both Power system and gives the signal to the particular relay
and charges the DC Battery. The DC voltage is converted into AC Supply by Inverter Circuit. The MOSFET
(IRF 540) is connected to the Secondary of the centre tapped transformer. By triggering of MOSFET
alternatively, the current flow in the Primary winding is also alternative in nature and we get the AC supply
in the primary winding of the transformer.
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The hardware of Solar PV Wind hybrid energy system is implemented and the output is fed to the load is
shown in fig... The current and voltage values from the wind turbine, solar panels, battery group and load
are measured in the implemented system. Production and consumption of power for each module are
calculated

CONCLUSION
In the present work a Solar PV Wind Hybrid Energy System was implemented. A portion of the energy
requirement for a private house, farm house, a small company, an educational institution or an apartment
house depending on the need at the site where used has been supplied with the electricity generated
from the wind and solar power. It reduces the dependence on one single source and has increased the
reliability. Hence we could improve the efficiency of the system as compared with their individual mode
of generation.
 Wind power generator V/I output characteristic curve experiment
Experiment Step:
1) Select the wind turbine interface, the wind power controller interface, and the DC current
meter (0 to 5A), as well as the variable resistor (100W, 0-30 ohms) on the terminal board.
Connect the circuit according to Figure 5.4 above, and after verifying it is correct, switch
on the power circuit breaker to put the equipment into standby mode
2) First, turn the speed control knob on the control panel to the minimum value
(counterclockwise). Then set the variable resistor to its maximum value and keep it fixed.
Release the emergency stop switch and press the green start button once. The green
indicator light will illuminate, indicating that the wind turbine generator's prime mover
(DC brushless motor) is enabled. Slowly turn the speed control knob clockwise to increase
the motor speed starting from 0. When the speed is adjusted to the following values,
observe the three-phase AC wind turbine generator meters and read the voltage and
current values for one phase (the directly measured voltage and current values are line
voltage and line current). Record the values in the table below and observe the voltage
and current changes with the speed variation. The characteristics of the other two phases
of the wind turbine generator will be the same as the recorded characteristics and do not
need to be recorded entirely.
3) Next, adjust the variable resistor, but before doing so, it is essential to understand the
characteristics of the resistor. The power rating of the variable resistor in the equipment
is 100%, meaning the maximum current passing through the resistor should not exceed
1.824. Exceeding current may damage the resistor, so during adjustment, constantly
monitor the current meter reading. Finally, record the voltage and current values
displayed on the two DC meters in the table (these values represent voltage and current
at the output terminal of the controller). Then, plot the characteristic curve of voltage
and current on a Cartmian coordinate system
4) Through the above experiment, fill in the data in the table. As the resistance decreases
(current increases), observe the changes in voltage, current, and speed. After completing the
experiment, press the red stop button to stop the equipment