9

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Solving Problems Involving
Variations
Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Solving Word Problems Involving Variations
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

Regional Director: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion, EdD, CESO V

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage
and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own learning. Take
time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of the
following:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it !
 Let Us Learn
In this module, you will learn another interesting topic in Mathematics. After going
through this module, you are expected to:

1. Recall how to translate variation statements into mathematical equations

2. Solve word problems involving direct, inverse, joint and combined
variations.
3. Apply a step-by-step process in solving word problems involving variations.

Let Us Try

Before you will proceed to the life learning activities, let me assess your
background knowledge regarding this lesson. After answering this, you may check
the answers at the last part of this module.

Direction: Read carefully and understand the given questions. Write the letter of
your corresponding answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A car travels a distance of d km in t hours. The formula that relates d to t

is d=kt. What kind of variation is it?
a. direct b. inverse c. joint d. combined
2. If y varies directly as x and y = 12 when x =4, find y when x = 12.

a. 3 b. 4 c. 36 d. 48

3. If 51 kg of rice can feed a family for 45 days, how many kilograms of rice
are needed to feed the same family for 60 days?
a. 68 b. 36 c. 80 d. 90
4. If y varies inversely as x and y = 10 when x = 2, find y when x = 10.
a. 2 b. 10 c. 12 d. 20

5. For a given gas at constant temperature, the pressure (P) varies inversely
as the volume (V). If P = 6 when V = 24, find P when V = 36.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 144 d. 288
6. Find the equation of variation where a varies jointly as b and c, and a=36
when b=3 and c=4.
a. a=kbc b. a = bc c. a=2bc d. a=3bc

7. z varies jointly as x and y. If z=16 when x=4 and y=6, find the constant of
variation of the relation.
a. 2/3 b. 3/2 c. 2 d. 3
 8. If z varies directly as x and inversely as y, and z=9 when x=6 and y=2, find

the constant of variation.

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

9. From the relation on the previous item (item no. 8), what is the value of z

when x=8 and y=12.

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
10. What type of variation is being described in the graph?
.

a. direct b. inverse c. joint d. combined

11. Jaimee's income varies directly as the number of days that she works. If
she earns Php 12000 in 20 days, how much will she earn if she works
twice as long?
a. Php 26,000 c. Php 20,000
b. Php 24,000 d. Php 16,000
12. If a car runs at an average speed of 40kmph with some regular intervals
and takes 3 hrs to run a distance of 90 km, what time it will take to run at a
average speed of 60 kmph with same intervals to run 120 km?

a. 4. 52 hrs. b. 3. 87 hrs. c. 2.67 hrs. d. 1.38 hrs

13. The weight of a rectangular block of metal (W) varies jointly as its length
(l), width (w) and thickness (t). If the weight of a 2 dm by 3 dm by 4 dm block
of aluminum is 18 kg, find the weight of a 16 dm by 10dm by 4 dm block of
aluminum.
a. 408 kg. b. 480 kg. c. 804 kg. d. 900 kg.

14. The amount of time t, needed to dig ditches varies inversely with the of
people p, who are digging the ditches. If it takes 3 people 40 hours to dig a
ditch, how many hours will it take for 5 people to dig the same size ditch?
a. 24 hrs. b. 42 hrs. c. 50 hrs. d. 52 hrs.
 15. The number of kilograms of water in a human body is proportional to
the mass of the body If a 96 kg person contains 64 kg of water, how many
kilograms of water are in a 60 kg person?

a. 60 kg. b. 70 kg. c. 80 kg. d. 90 kg.

Let Us Study

You’ve learned from your previous lesson about the different types of variations and
the relationship between variables in order to solve a particular problem. In this
module, you will be learning the applications of variations in real-life problems.
You may recall that variation is defined by any change in some quantity due
to change in another. We often come across with different types of variation problems
in mathematics – direct, inverse, joint and combined variation.
Steps in Solving Variation Problems:

✔ Determine what type of variation is being emphasized from the given problem.
✔ Translate variation statement into mathematical equation.
✔ Solve for the constant (k).
✔ Solve for the unknown variable or quantity.
✔ Write a concluding statement to verify the answer of the question being asked
from the problem.

Direct Variation is a mathematical relationship between two variables that

can be expressed by an equation in which one variable is equal to a constant
times the other.
Examples:
“y varies directly as x”, where k is the constant of variation
“the service fee (f) of an online tutor varies directly as the number of
hours (n) rendered” f = kn

A. Direct Variation Word Problems

Example 1: The electrical current (I) (in amperes, A) varies directly as the voltage in
a simple (V) circuit. If the current is 5 A when the source voltage is 15 V, what is the
current when the source voltage is 25 V?

Solution:
Let I – electric current in ampere
V – voltage of the source

The equation is: I = kV

 Solving for k, from the first set To find the I, the source voltage is
of given data: 25 V.

I = kV I = kV
5 = k (15) I = (0.33)(25)
=k I = 8.25 A
1/3 = k or k =0.33

Thus, the electric current should be 8.25A when the source voltage is 25 V.
Example 2: The pressure p at the bottom of a swimming pool varies directly as the
depth d of the water. If the pressure is 300 Pascal when the water is 5 meters deep,
find the pressure when it is 8 meters deep.

Solution:

Let p – water pressure

d – depth of the water

The equation is: p= kd

Solving for k, from the first set To find p, the depth of the water is 8
of given data: meters.

p= kd p= kd
300 = k(5) p = (60)(8)
= p = 480 Pascal
60 = k

Thus, the pressure of the water when it is 8meters deep is 480 Pascal.

Inverse Variation works when there is a relationship between two variables

in which the product is a constant. When one variable increases the other
decreases in proportion so that the product is unchanged.

Examples:

“ y varies inversely as x” , where k is the constant of variation

“ the number of burgers p varies inversely as the number of persons

m sharing the burgers”

B. Inverse Variation Word Problems
Example 1: The number of hours required to finish a certain job varies inversely as
the number of persons on the job. If 9 persons require 10 hours to finish the job,
how long should it take for 30 persons to finish the job?

Solution:

Let t - number of hours required to finish the job

n - number of people on this job.

𝑘
The equation is : t= 𝑛

Solving for k, from the first set To find the time t, 30 persons
of given data should take to finish the job,

10 = t=
k = (9)(10) t=
k = 90 t = 3 hours

Thus, it will take 3 hours for 30 persons to finish the job.

Example 2: The time (t) required to drive a fixed distance varies inversely as the
speed (s). If it takes 5 hours at a speed of 80 km/h to drive a fixed distance, what
speed is required to do the same trip in 4.2 hours?
Solution:
Let t – number of hours required to drive a fixed distance
s – speed required to drive a fixed distance

𝑘
The equation is: t= 𝑠

Solving for k, from the first set To find the speed (s), same trip
of given data should take in 4.2 hours at a fixed
distance.
5=
t=
k = (5)(80)
4.2 =
k = 400
s=

s = 95.24 km/h
 Therefore, the speed required to do same trip in 4. 2 hours is 95.24 km/h.

Joint Variation describes a situation where one variable depends on two (or
more) other variables, and varies directly as each of them when the others
are held constant.

Examples:

“z varies jointly as x and y” z = kxy, where k is the constant of variation

“The weight of a rectangular block of metal (W) varies jointly as its length
(l), width (w) and thickness (t)” W = klw

C. Joint Variation Word Problems

Example 1: The area A of a triangle varies jointly as the base b and the altitude a of
the triangle. If A = 65 cm2, when b =10 cm and a =13 cm, find the area of a triangle
whose base is 8 cm and altitude is 11cm.

Solution:

Let A = area of the triangle

a = altitude of the triangle
b = base of the triangle

The equation is: A = kab

Solving for k, from the first set of To find the area whose base is 8cm
given data: A = 65 cm2, when b =10 and altitude is 11cm,
cm and a =13 cm.
A = 0.5ab
A = kab
A = 0.5 (8) (11)
65 = k(13)(10)
A = 44
65 = 130 k
= k

0.5 = k or k = 0.5

Thus, the area of the triangle whose base is 8cm and altitude is 11cm is 44cm2.

Example 2: The volume (V) of a cone varies jointly as its height (h) and the square of
its radius (r). If a cone with a height of 8 centimetres and a radius of 2 centimetres
has a volume of 33.5 cm3, what is the volume of a cone with a height of 6 centimetres
and a radius of 4 centimetres?

Solution:

Let V = Volume of the cone

h = height of the cone The equation is: V = khr2
r = radius of the cone

Solving for k, from the first set of To find the volume whose height is
given data: V = 33.5 cm3, h =8 cm 6 cm and a radius of 4 cm:
and r = 2 cm.
V = khr2
V= khr2
V = 1.05(6)
33.5 = k(8)
V = 1.05(6)(16)
33.5 = k(8)(4)
V = 100.8 cm3
= k

1.05 = k or k = 1.05

Thus, the volume of the cone is 100.8 cm3 when the height is 6 cm and the
radius is 4 cm.

Combined Variation describes a situation where a variable depends on two

(or more) other variables, and varies directly with some of them and varies
inversely with others (when the rest of the variables are held constant).

Examples:

“z varies directly as x and inversely as y”

z = where k is the constant of variation
“The electrical resistance (R) of a wire varies directly as its
length (L) and inversely as the square of its diameter (D)”
R = where k is the constant of variation

D. Combined Variation Word Problem

Example 1: The electrical resistance (R) of a wire varies directly as its length (L) and
inversely as the square of its diameter (D). If a wire 30 meters long and 0.75 mm in
diameter has a resistance of 25 ohms, find the length of a wire of the same material
whose resistance and diameter are 30 ohms and 1.25 mm, respectively.
 Solution:

Let R = electrical resistance of a wire D = diameter of the wire

L = length of the wire
𝑘𝐿
The equation is: R =
𝐷2

Solving for k, from the first set of To find the length of the wire: R =
given data: R = 25 ohms, L= 30 m 30 ohms and D = 1.25 mm
D = 0.75 mm.
R=
R=
30 =
25 =
30 =
25 =
(30)(1.5625) = 0.47L
25 =
46.875 = 0.47L
(25)(0.5625) = 30k
14.0625 = 30k
L = 99.73 m
=
k = 0. 47

Thus, the length of the wire is 99.73 m when R = 30 ohms and D = 1.25 mm

Let Us Practice
Activity 1: SUPPLY ME!
Direction: Cite some situations at home and make a variation statement on each type
of the following:

1. Direct Variation

2. Inverse Variation

3. Joint Variation

4. Combine Variation
Activity 2: COMPLETE THE TABLE!

Direction: Find the constant of variation and write the formula to express the
relationship
using that constant.
Variation Statements Constant (k) Formula
5. a varies directly as b and a = 15 when b = 5
6. p is jointly proportional to q and r and p = 12
when q = 8 and r = 3.
7. c varies inversely as d and c = 7 when d = 4.

8. t varies directly as the square of u and t = 6 when

u = 3.
9. e varies jointly as f and g and e = 24 when f = 3
and g = 2.
10. R varies directly as L and inversely as the
square of D and R = 4 when L = 32 and D = 8.

Let Us Practice More

Activity 3: SOLVE MY PROBLEM!

Direction: Solve the following problems applying the concepts of direct, inverse, joint
and combine variation. Show your solutions on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The time (t) it takes to travel from North Vancouver to Hope varies inversely
as the speed (v) at which one travels. If it takes 1.5 hours to travel this distance
at an average speed of 120 km/h, find the constant k and the amount of time
it would take to drive back if you were only able to travel at 60 km/h due to
an engine problem.

2. If 5 men take 8 days to type 10 books, apply the principle of variation to find
out how many days 8 men will take to type 2 books?

3. The volume (V) of gas varies directly as the temperature (T) and inversely as
the pressure (p). If the volume is 225 cc when the temperature is 300 K and
the pressure is 100 N/cm2, what is the volume when the temperature drops
to 270 K and the pressure is 150 N/cm2?

4. Hooke’s law states that the distance (d) that a spring is stretched supporting
a suspended object varies directly as the mass of the object (m). If the distance
stretched is 18 cm when the suspended mass is 3 kg, what is the distance
when the suspended mass is 5 kg?

5. The volume of a pyramid varies jointly as its height and the area of its base. A
pyramid with a height of 12 feet and a base with area of 23 square feet has a
volume of 92 cubic feet. Find the volume of a pyramid with a height of 17 feet
and a base with an area of 27 square feet.
 Let Us Remember

✔ Direct Variation is a mathematical relationship between two variables that

can be expressed by an equation in which one variable is equal to a constant
times the other.

✔ Inverse Variation works when there is a relationship between two variables

in which the product is a constant. When one variable increases the other
decreases in proportion so that the product is unchanged.

✔ Joint Variation describes a situation where one variable depends on two (or
more) other variables, and varies directly as each of them when the others are
held constant.

✔ Combined Variation describes a situation where a variable depends on two

(or more) other variables, and varies directly with some of them and varies
inversely with others (when the rest of the variables are held constant.

Steps in Solving Variation Problems:

✔ Determine what type of variation is being emphasized from the given problem.
✔ Translate variation statement into mathematical equation.
✔ Solve for the constant (k).
✔ Solve for the unknown variable or quantity.
✔ Write a concluding statement to verify the answer of the question being asked
from the problem.

Let Us Assess
Direction: Read carefully the questions/statements. Write on a separate sheet of
paper the letter of your corresponding answer.

1. If z varies directly as x and inversely as y, and z=9 when x=6 and y=2, find

the constant of variation.

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

2. From the relation on the previous item (item no. 8), what is the value of z

when x=8 and y=12.

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
3. A car travels a distance of d km in t hours. The formula that relates d to t
is d=kt. What kind of variation is it?
a. direct b. inverse c. joint d. combined
4. The weight of a rectangular block of metal (W) varies jointly as its length
(l), width (w) and thickness (t). If the weight of a 2 dm by 3 dm by 4 dm block
of aluminum is 18 kg, find the weight of a 16 dm by 10dm by 4 dm block of
aluminum.
a. 408 kg. b. 480 kg. c. 804 kg. d. 900 kg.
5. z varies jointly as x and y. If z=16 when x=4 and y=6, find the constant of

variation of the relation.

a. 2/3 b. 3/2 c. 2 d. 3
6. If y varies inversely as x and y = 10 when x = 2, find y when x = 10.

a. 2 b. 10 c. 12 d. 20

7. The amount of time t, needed to dig ditches varies inversely with the of
people p, who are digging the ditches. If it takes 3 people 40 hours to dig a
ditch, how many hours will it take for 5 people to dig the same size ditch?

a. 24 hrs. b. 42 hrs. c. 50 hrs. d. 52 hrs.

8. For a given gas at constant temperature, the pressure (P) varies inversely
as the volume (V). If P = 6 when V = 24, find P when V = 36.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 144 d. 288

9. Find the equation of variation where a varies jointly as b and c, and a=36

when b=3 and c=4.

a. a=kbc b. a = bc c. a=2bc d. a=3bc

10. If y varies directly as x and y = 12 when x =4, find y when x = 12.

a. 3 b. 4 c. 36 d. 48

11. What type of variation is being described in the graph?

a. direct b. inverse c. joint d. combined

 12. Jaimee's income varies directly as the number of days that she works. If
she earns Php 12000 in 20 days, how much will she earn if she works
twice as long?
a. Php 26,000 c. Php 20,000
b. Php 24,000 d. Php 16,000
13. If 51 kg of rice can feed a family for 45 days, how many kilograms of rice
are needed to feed the same family for 60 days?
c.

a. 68 b. 36 c. 80 d. 90
14. If a car runs at an average speed of 40kmph with some regular intervals
and takes 3 hrs to run a distance of 90 km, what time it will take to run at
an average speed of 60 kmph with same intervals to run 120 km?
a. 4. 52 hrs. b. 3. 87 hrs. c. 2.67 hrs. d. 1.38
hrs

15. The number of kilograms of water (n) in a human body is proportional to

the mass of the body (m). If a 96 kg person contains 64 kg of water, how
many kilograms of water are in a 60 kg person?

a. 60 kg. b. 70 kg. c. 80 kg. d. 90 kg.

Let Us Enhance

Let’s Do Some Exercises!

You and your classmates were planning to join the Badminton Club in your
school. As a preparation, you decided to do some simple warm-up exercises in order
to condition your body for the upcoming try-out. You want to do some jog in place,
squatting, jumping rope, lunges, and high knee. List all your observations to perform
the task below.
Things to prepare:
Sports attire Notebook bond paper
Jumping rope Ballpen
Timer Camera
Task:
1. Create at least 2 variation statements related to time, speed and pulse rate
while doing the warm up exercises.
2. Translate the variation statements into mathematical sentences.
3. Make a table of values showing your observation how the speed affects the
pulse rate.
4. Take a picture while doing some of the activities.
5. Write your output in a long bond paper.

RUBRIC

Criteria/Score 4 3 2 1
All the assigned Most of the Some of the Learners did
Completion task is assigned task assigned task not do in any
complete. is complete. is complete. assigned task.
The task The task The task The task
Timeliness received on the received a day received 2 days received 3 or
due date. after the due after the due more days after
date. date. the due date.
All the steps in All the steps in All the steps in All the steps in
doing the task doing the task doing the task doing the task
Accuracy are accurately are accurately are accurately are accurately
done. All the done. Most done. Some done. Few
answers are answers are answers are answers are
correct. correct. correct. correct.
All steps for Most steps for Some steps for Few steps for
solving solving solving solving
Showmanship problems are problems are problems are problems are
meticulously meticulously meticulously meticulously
shown. shown. shown. shown.
My work is My work is My work may My work is
clear, detailed, clear, and easy be a little hard confusing and
Representation well-organized, to follow. to follow. difficult to
and easy to follow
follow.
 Let Us Reflect

⮚ Write all the things that you have learned about variations and its
importance to real-life situations.
 Activity 3
Activity 1:
Answer may vary
Let Us Try Activity 2:
1. A 11. B. 5. k = 3; Formula: a =3b
6. k = 1/2;
2. C 12. C
Formula: p = 1/2qr
3. A 13. B 7. k = 28; Formula: c =
4. A 14. A 8. k = 2/3;
5. B 15. D Formula: t =
9. k = 4;
6. D
Formula: e = 4fg
7. A 10. k =8;
8. C Formula: R =
9. B
10. B
Answer Key
Let Us Assess
1. C 11. B
2. B 12. B
3. A 13. A
4. B 14. C
5. A 15. D
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. C
 References

Orlando A. Oronce & Marilyn O.Mendoza. (2019). E-Math. Manila: Rex Bookstore,
Inc.

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/variation-word-problems.html

https://www.math-only-math.com/problems-on-variation.html
https://opentextbc.ca/intermediatealgebraberg/chapter/2-7-variation-word-
problems/

https://www.assignmentpoint.com/science/mathematic/variation-in-
mathematics.html
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/combined-variation

http://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/joint/joint_practic
e.html
https://pngtree.com/freepng/vertical-page-turning-notebook-clip-
art_5748150.html
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Department of Education – Region XI

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Telefax:

Email Address: lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph