Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

SESSIONAL REPORT

Course No. EE 2210

Experiment No. 05
Name of the Experiment. Study and demonstration of Op-Amp as an Inverting,
Non-inverting, Summing and Subtracting Amplifier.

Remarks

Name: Thasin mohammad zaman

Date of Performance 20.10.2022 Roll No: 1903069
Date of Submission 27.10.2022 Group: B1-2
Year: 2nd
Semester: 2𝑛𝑑
Objectives:
1. To know Op-Amp as an amplifier.
2. To observe the output of Op-Amp as an Inverting, Non-inverting, Summing and
Subtracting Amplifier.
3. To learn the importance of Op-Amp as an amplifier.

Introduction:
An operational amplifier is a DC coupled high gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential
input and usually, a single ended output. It is a very high gain amplifier having very high input
impedance and low output impedance. The op-amp can be connected in a large number of circuits
to provide various operating characteristics. Some of them, there are four types of op-amp circuits
which are described below:

Inverting Amplifier:
An inverting amplifier is a type of operational amplifier circuit which produces an output which is
out of phase with respect to its input by 180", It is the most widely used constant gain amplifier as
shown in Fig 9.1. The output is obtained by multiplying the point by fixed or constant gain, set by
the input resistor (R1) and feedback resistor ( RF). So
Rf
We can write, Vo = - V1
R1
Non - inverting amplifier:
Non- inverting amplifier is an op- amp based amplifier with positive voltage gain. The connection
of Fig 9.2 shows an op -amp that works as a non-inverting amplifier. It should be noted that the
inverting amplifier connection is more widely used because it has better frequency stability. To
determine the voltage gain of the circuit, we can use the equivalent representation in Fig 9-2 (b).
The voltage across R1 is V1 since V1= 0V. This must be equal to the output voltage, through a
voltage divider of R1 and Rf so that,
R Rf
V1= Vo =Vo/V1 = 1 + .
R1+R2 R1
Summing Amplifier:
A summing amplifier produces an output equal to the sum of the input voltages applied at its
inverting terminal. Probably the most used of the op-amp circuits is the summing amplifier circuit
shown in Fig 9.3:
The circuit shows a three- input summing amplifier circuit, which provides a means of algebraically
summing three voltages each multiplied by a constant gain factor. We can express the output
voltage in terms of input as,
Rf Rf Rf
Vo = - ( V1+ V2+ V3)
R1 R2 R2
Subtracting Amplifier:
A subtracting amplifier is also called a subtractor, uses both the inverting and non-inverting inputs
to produces an output signal which is the difference between the two input voltages V1 and v2
allowing one signal to be subtracted from another as shown in Fig 9.4:
So, we can express the output voltage of subtractor is,
Rf
Vo =R1 (V2 – V1)
Apparatus required:

Table 6.1: List of required apparatus:

S.L. Name of the apparatus Ratings Quantity
No.
1 DC power supply 12Vdc 1
2 Oscilloscope − 1

3 Op-Amp IC LM741 1

4 Resistor 1kΩ, 10kΩ, 2

5 Electronic VOM — 1
6 Breadboard — 1
7 Connecting wires & — As
probes required

Experimental setup:

Fig 5.1:Circuit diagram of inverting amplifier. Fig 5.2:Circuit diagram of non inverting amplifier

Fig 5.3: Circuit diagram of subtracter. Fig 5.4: Circuit diagram of adder.
Experimental Data:
In an inverting amplifier,
we see from the waveshape that, when the input voltage,
Vi = 156mV, the output voltage amplitude, Vo = 6.88V.
6.88
∴ voltage gain = 0.156 = 44.10 and it is 180o shifted.

Similarly in a non-inverting amplifier,

Input voltage, Vi = 240mV
Output voltage, Vo = 11.2V
11.20
∴ voltage gain = 0.240 = 46.67
From Fig 5.4 in an summing amplifier,
the amplitudes of 2 input voltage are,
V1 = 10V
V2 = 5V
We get, Vo = 14.80V
And from Fig 5.3 in an subtracting amplifier the amplitude of the input voltage are,
V1 = 10
V2 = 5V
We get, Vo = 4.81V

Graph:

Input & Output waveshape of inverting amplifier Input & Output waveshape of non inverting amplifier

Input & output waveshape of summing amplifier Input & output waveshape of subtracting amplifier
Result and Calculation:
In an inverting amplifier,
we know,
𝑅𝑓
gain = - 𝑅1
45𝑘
= 1𝑘
= 45
45−44.10
Error = × 100 %
45
= 2%
In non inverting amplifier,
we know,
𝑅𝑓
gain = 1+ 𝑅1
45𝑘
=1+ 1𝑘
= 46
46−46.67
Error = 46 × 100 %
= 1.46%
In a subtracting amplifier,
Input voltage, V1 =10V and V2 =5V
𝑅2
So output V0 = 𝑅1 (𝑣2 − 𝑣1) = 1(10-5) = 5V
5−4.81
Error = × 100 %
5
= 3.8%
In a adder,
Input voltage, V1 =10V and V2 =5V
𝑅2
So output V0 = 𝑅1 (𝑣2 + 𝑣1) = 1(10+5) = 15V
15−14.80
Error = × 100 %
15
= 1.33%

Discussion:
This experiment has led to the introduction of the op-amp. Additionally, we learned about
summing, subtracting, and inverting amplifiers. Using the amplitude from the wave form, we
looked at the input and output waveshape of these four different types of amplifiers. Additionally,
we now understand the significance of Op-Amps as amplifiers. Additionally, the gain value of
these amplifiers was computed. We made some mistakes when calculating gain. The inaccuracies
we received are quite little and insignificant. We may now use an op-amp for a variety of purposes,
including summing, subtracting, non-inverting, and inverting. The mistakes we made are helpful.

Conclusion: Following the conclusion of this experiment, we now have a comprehensive

understanding of the inverting, non-inverting, summing, and subtracting amplifiers. We calculated
the overall gain and examined the output waveform of those amplifiers. Working with these
amplifiers is made possible by this understanding. These amplifiers serve a variety of functions.
The experiment's goal has thus been achieved.