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4 - Point Starter

The document discusses the construction and working principle of a four point starter used with DC motors. A four point starter has four terminals - L (line), A (armature), F (field), and N (no voltage coil). Unlike a three point starter, the no voltage coil in a four point starter is connected directly across the power supply through terminal N with a resistor, making its operation independent of changes in the field circuit. This ensures the no voltage coil always produces enough force to hold the starter handle in the run position. The four point starter otherwise functions similar to a three point starter to gradually apply power to the motor and limit starting current like a protective device.

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1K views3 pages

4 - Point Starter

The document discusses the construction and working principle of a four point starter used with DC motors. A four point starter has four terminals - L (line), A (armature), F (field), and N (no voltage coil). Unlike a three point starter, the no voltage coil in a four point starter is connected directly across the power supply through terminal N with a resistor, making its operation independent of changes in the field circuit. This ensures the no voltage coil always produces enough force to hold the starter handle in the run position. The four point starter otherwise functions similar to a three point starter to gradually apply power to the motor and limit starting current like a protective device.

Uploaded by

npavank
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sanskrithi School of Engineering

(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapur & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)


Puttaparthi-515 134.

4.18 Four Point Starter |


4.18.1 Working Principle and Construction of Four Point Starter

The 4 point starter like in the case of a 3 point starter also acts as a protective device that helps
in safeguarding the armature of the shunt or compound excited DC motor against the high starting
current produced in the absence of back emf at starting. The 4 point starter has a lot of constructional
and functional similarity to a three point starter, but this special device has an additional point and a coil
in its construction. This naturally brings about some difference in its functionality, though the basic
operational characteristic remains the same. The basic difference in circuit of 4 point starter as compared
to 3 point starter is that the holding coil is removed from the shunt field current and is connected directly
across the line with current limiting resistance in series. Now to go into the details of operation of 4
point starter, lets have a look at its constructional diagram, and figure out its point of difference with a
3 point starter.

4.18.2 Construction and Operation of Four Point Starter


Sanskrithi School of Engineering
(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapur & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
Puttaparthi-515 134.

A 4 point starter as the name suggests has 4 main operational points, namely
 'L' Line terminal. (Connected to positive of supply.)
 'A' Armature terminal. (Connected to the armature winding.)
 'F' Field terminal. (Connected to the field winding.)
Like in the case of the 3 point starter, and in addition to it there is, A 4th point N. (Connected to the
No Voltage Coil NVC)
The remarkable difference in case of a 4 point starter is that the No Voltage Coil is connected
independently across the supply through the fourth terminal called 'N' in addition to the 'L', 'F' and 'A'.
As a direct consequence of that, any change in the field supply current does not bring about any
difference in the performance of the NVC. Thus it must be ensured that no voltage coil always produce
a force which is strong enough to hold the handle in its 'RUN' position, against force of the spring, under
all the operational conditions. Such a current is adjusted through No Voltage Coil with the help of fixed
resistance R connected in series with the NVC using fourth point 'N' as shown in the figure above.
Apart from this above mentioned fact, the 4 point and 3 point starters are similar in all other ways
like possessing is a variable resistance, integrated into number of sections as shown in the figure above.
The contact points of these sections are called studs and are shown separately as OFF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
RUN, over which the handle is free to be maneuvered manually to regulate the starting current with
gathering speed. Now to understand its way of operating lets have a closer look at the diagram given
above. Considering that supply is given and the handle is taken stud No.1, then the circuit is complete
and line current that starts flowing through the starter.
In this situation we can see that the current will be divided into 3 parts, flowing through 3 different
points.
 Part flows through the starting resistance (R1+ R2+ R3…..) and then to the armature.
 A 2nd part flowing through the field winding F.
 A 3rd part flowing through the no voltage coil in series with the protective resistance R.

So the point to be noted here is that with this particular arrangement any change in the shunt
field circuit does not bring about any change in the no voltage coil as the two circuits are independent of
each other. This essentially means that the electromagnet pull subjected upon the soft iron bar of the
handle by the no voltage coil at all points of time should be high enough to keep the handle at its RUN
position, or rather prevent the spring force from restoring the handle at its original OFF position,
Sanskrithi School of Engineering
(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapur & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
Puttaparthi-515 134.

irrespective of how the field rheostat is adjusted. This marks the operational difference between a 4
point starter and a 3 point starter. As otherwise both are almost similar and are used for limiting the
starting current to a shunt wound DC motor or compound wound DC motor, and thus act as a protective
device.

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