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Laser Communications

The document discusses laser communications, which provides wireless connections through atmospheric transmission of laser beams similarly to fiber optic links. Key points covered include: - How laser transmitters and receivers work, using components like laser diodes, telescopes, and detectors. - Different modulation techniques used like AM, PWM, and PFM. - Advantages like high data rates and security, and disadvantages like beam dispersion in various weather conditions. - Applications including long-range voice/video transmission and high-speed data transfer without licensing constraints.

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139 views19 pages

Laser Communications

The document discusses laser communications, which provides wireless connections through atmospheric transmission of laser beams similarly to fiber optic links. Key points covered include: - How laser transmitters and receivers work, using components like laser diodes, telescopes, and detectors. - Different modulation techniques used like AM, PWM, and PFM. - Advantages like high data rates and security, and disadvantages like beam dispersion in various weather conditions. - Applications including long-range voice/video transmission and high-speed data transfer without licensing constraints.

Uploaded by

sampu809691
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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www.studymafia.

org

Seminar
On
Laser
Communications

Submitted To: Submitted By:


www.studymafia.org www.studymafia.org
 Introduction
 How does it Work?
 One-way Laser communication system
 Application
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 Reference
 Laser communications systems are wireless
connections through the atmosphere.
 They work similarly to fiber optic links, except
the beam is transmitted through free space.
 While the transmitter and receiver must
require line-of-sight conditions, they have the
benefit of eliminating the need for broadcast
rights and buried cables.
Optical fiber link

Laser Transmitter Receiver

Direct Link
 The Transmitter involves a
signal processing circuit,
and a laser.

 A laser diode is used to


create the laser signal.

 Laser Diodes include


Photodiodes for feedback
to insure consistent output.
The receiver involves:

 Telescope(‘antenna’)
 Signal processor
 Detector
 PIN diodes
 Avalanche Photo Diodes(APD)
 Single or multiple detectors
 AM

Easy with gas lasers, hard with diodes

 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)

Used by Ramsey in their kit

 PFM (Pulsed FM)

Potentially the highest bandwidth (>100kHz)


 Transmitter

• Maximum output power

• Minimum divergence

 Receiver

• Maximum lens area

• Clarity

• Tight focus on detector


 Sun shade over detector

 Shade in front of lens

 Detector spectral response

 Colored filters

• Absorb ~50% of available light

• Difficult to find exact frequency


 Mounts and stands need only be as accurate as beam
divergence
 Good laser diodes will be 1-2mR (milliRadian)
 A 32 pitch screw at the end of a 2' mount will yield 1mR per
revolution. Since quarter turns (even eighth turns) are
possible, this is more than accurate enough
 Higher thread pitches allow shorter mounts which may be
more stable (against wind, vibration, wires)
 1mR is 1.5' of divergence every 1000', 3' at 2000 ', etc.
 GPS and Compass
 Scopes and Binoculars
 Strobe lights, large handheld floods, headlights
 HTs to yell when laser light is seen at remote
location
 Transmit voice for miles line-of-sight

 Use weak signal modes for ?cloud scatter?

 Transmit video with cheap pens

 Transmit high speed data without WEP

 Blind flies for easy extermination


 Ease of deployment
 Can be used to power devices
 License-free long-range operation (in contrast with radio
communication)
 High bit rates
 Low bit error rates
 Immunity to electromagnetic interference
 Full duplex operation
 Protocol transparency
 Increased security when working with narrow
beam(s)[citation needed]
 No Fresnel zone necessary
 For terrestrial applications, the principal limiting factors are:
 Beam dispersion
 Atmospheric absorption
 Rain
 Fog (10..~100 dB/km attenuation)
 Snow
 Scintillation
 Interference from background light sources (including the
Sun)
 Shadowing
 Pointing stability in wind
 Pollution / smog
 Laser communications offers a viable alternative to RF
communications for inter satellite links and other
applications where high-performance links are a necessity.

 High data rate, small antenna size, narrow beam divergence,


and a narrow field of view are characteristics of laser
communications that offer a number of potential advantages
forsystem design.
 www.studymafia.org
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
Thanks

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