REVIEWER

Set A
1. What are the salient feature of k -12?
The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four
years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of
concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills
development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

Salient Features
*Strengthening Early Childhood Education (Universal Kindergarten)
* Making the Curriculum Relevant to Learners (Contextualization and Enhancement)
*Ensuring Integrated and Seamless Learning (Spiral Progression)
* Building Proficiency through Language (Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education)
*Gearing Up for the Future (Senior High School)
*Nurturing the Holistically Developed Filipino (College and Livelihood Readiness, let Century Skills)

2. How are you going to manage your different resources like MOOE, SEF and
canteen resources?

I will spend resources coming from MOOE, SEF and canteen fund according to the priority needs of the school
specially that we are now in pandemic situation like school supplies, coupon bond and ink for the printing of
modules, repair for the school’s physical facilities, payment for electricity bill, and other expenses for the school
improvement and welfare of our pupils.

*develop a list of priorities. your budget priorities should be based on your school's vision. .

*ask for feedback from staff.
*analyze all measures for student success.
A. MOOE
The Department of Education continues to upgrade its services to enhance teaching standards and learning outcomes. As
also stated, financial management helps meet payment deadlines. It also keeps better track of the principal’s invoicing and
debt collection processes. Spending of public funds for goods and services for the people,
foremost endeavor as the Department identifies bottlenecks and budget underutilization. Connectedly, Department of
Education Order 13, s. 2016 otherwise known as ―Implementing Guidelines on the Direct Release and Use of Maintenance
and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE) Allocations of Schools, including Other Funds Managed by Schools was issued to
deepen the decentralization of education management. The formula and the parameter in managing the school MOOE is as
follows:

 School’s MOOE = Fixed amount + (Allowable amount x Number of Classrooms) + (Allowable amount x Number of
Teachers) + (Allowable amount x Number of Learners)
 There are two components in the formula, the fixed and variable costs. The fixed amounts for every Elementary
School would be P40, 000 and for High School P80, 000. The variable costs are the following:
 
 For every classroom: Elementary: P3,000.00 Secondary: P6,000.00
 For every teacher: Elementary: P 4,000.00 Secondary: P 8,000.00
 For every learner: Elementary: P200.00 Secondary: P400.00
 
 Applying the formula: P40,000 + (P3,000 x 10) + (P4,000.00 x 8) + (P200 x 230) =
P40, 000.00 + P30, 000 + 32,000 + P46, 000.00 = P148, 000.00 (the school’s MOOE)

B. SEF

The school principals managed Special Education Fund (SEF) to a high extent because of its utmost share in
developing learning for which it is allocated by the LGU. The school principals disbursed SEF to its intended
purposes and sought the approval of school community as to where to spend the said resource.

C. Canteen Resources

 School principals managed their canteen funds to help improve learners’ health and nutrition.

The school principals recorded operational costs after utilizing 25% canteen income. They too, managed to share
the fund for school development projects after realizing the target canteen income.
 The net income derived from the operation of the canteen shall be utilized for, but not limited to the following:

 Supplementary feeding program for undernourished pupils/students - (35%)

 School clinic fund (5%)

 Faculty and student development fund (15%)

 H.E. instructional fund (10%)

 School operations fund (35%)

3. What is the significant of long term planning process in the educational

setting?

A teacher’s long-term plan should help him/her to ensure that a broad and balanced curriculum is taught and that
continuity and progression are promoted throughout each term of the school year. The format selected can be based
on individual preference and may vary depending on the subject of the plan.

4. Why education cannot be separated from economic, political and social

realities of the country?

Education raises people’s productivity, creativity, and promotes entrepreneurship and technological advances. In
addition, it plays a very crucial role in securing economic and social progress and improving income distribution.

While education systems alone can- not eliminate social and economic disadvantages, they can either increase or

decrease their impacts. A sustained long-term growth requires governments to ensure all segments of the population
have equitable access to quality education.

5. Explain and discuss strategies planning process in the educational system.

Strategic planning is the process of setting goals, deciding on actions to achieve those goals and mobilizing the
resources needed to take those actions. A strategic plan describes how goals will be achieved through the use of
available resources.

Strategic planning is a process of setting long-term goals and then defining a clear and structured path to reach
them. It is a means to see the big picture as opposed to tactical planning that targets short-term tasks. In teaching,
it’s like building an annual curriculum versus a lesson plan.

6. What challenges need to be addressed to foster learner success and

retention in an online environment?
#1 Online Learning Challenges – Adaptability  
Students find it difficult to adapt to an online learning environment immediately after
traditional classroom learning. Due to the sudden change, they are not able to adapt to the
commuter based learning. Students who have been always studying in the traditional classroom
mindset are not able to focus on online platforms. It is important for them to accept the new
learning environment with an open mind. 
How to overcome the challenge?
Nowadays adaptive learning is using Artificial intelligence to adjust the content according to
individual needs. It helps in providing personalised courses to identify their weaknesses and
strengths for better learning outcomes.
#2 Online Learning Challenges – Technical Issues
Many students are not well equipped with a high internet connection that is required for online
learning. Due to this, they face problems in going live for virtual learning and other platforms
that require internet connection. They face technical issues as they are not much aware of
technology and computer applications. A slow and high internet connection can play an
important role in how quickly you can attend the class and do not miss any live sessions. There
is a possibility of poor connectivity if you find difficulty in downloading some information
related to the subject, blurred videos, etc. 
How to overcome the challenge?  
You just need to find a high-speed internet connection at your home. And know where you can
get technical support for your connection and other technical issues related to software and
tools for effective learning. 

#3 Online Learning Challenges – Computer Knowledge  

Lack of computer education is a major concern in today’s world. There are many students who
still cannot operate basic computers with MS word and PowerPoint. And whenever some
technical issues emerge, they find it difficult to solve the problem in such a scenario. They face
difficulties with live classes, usage of appropriate icons, MS office, communication-related apps
and websites, browsing study materials, etc. Sometimes they do not know technology proficiency
like login, live classes, creating and submitting work, communicating with teachers and
friends. 
How to overcome the challenge?
Students should be provided access to support devices that can help them solve technical
problems via call, email or live chat. You should pay attention to your instructor during the
process of solving the issues.
#4 Online Learning Challenges – Time Management  
In many cases students find difficulty in managing their time with online learning. Online
learning is completely new for them and requires intensive work. They need a scheduled planner
to manage their time in an effective manner. Online learning provides flexible time unlike
traditional classrooms. But some face difficulties in adjusting to the time required for online
learning. 
How to overcome the challenge?
Time management is the most important factor in online learning. It needs time and effort for
better learning outcomes. You should know the factors that can affect your timings during the
learning process such as 
Avoid Distractions  – Try to avoid distractions that can affect your learning. There are many
platforms that can engage you for entertainment and communication. But make sure that you set
time for breaks and focus on learning as scheduled to avoid missing live classes or sessions.
Create To-Do List  – You can prepare a list of activities on an everyday basis. Try to break
down large activities into smaller ones for better learning outcomes. Use this list to tackle each
task. Make sure that you adhere to the list and establish the routine that can make time
management practices easy.  
Seek Help  – To manage time during online learning seek help from your parents, friends and
families. So that you will not miss out on learning and at the same time work will be done. 
Avoid Multitasking   – Do not try to take up multiple tasks at the same time. Complete one task
at a time as it can make your work less effective and productive.  
#5 Online Learning Challenges – Self Motivation  
Students start losing hope once they find difficulty in online learning. It requires motivation to
complete tasks and engage students with their learning. Lack of motivation is a common
challenge for all students. 
How to overcome the challenge?
Involve Yourself   – You should show up for all the activities and learning during the sessions.
Make sure that you log in every day, check for the status and appear in all the sessions and
discussions. Connect with your friends and teachers for asking and sharing information. 
Schedule Time for Learning   – You have to stick to a study plan for effective learning. Take a
break and resume back to learning with the same interest and enthusiasm.  
Stay Positive   – Make sure that you are positive towards online learning. Make use of the time
in the best way and gain knowledge for better learning outcomes.
#6 Online Learning Challenges – Distraction
Learning from home is an amazing experience. You might expect things around you to be like a
school campus. But at home things are different for example, you might want a massive
classroom, parks, playgrounds, canteens, friends, teachers around you to guide and learn. But
with online learning, you have to manage everything in one room with parents around you. You
can be easily distracted by small things at home. 
How to overcome the challenge?
You should inform your parents and friends about the time of online learning so that there will
be no distractions from their side. Restrict the study area for others to come during live
sessions and video calls. Make sure you relax in the breaks set in the time table. In this way,
you will concentrate on learning and spend quality time with your friends and family. 
#7 Online Learning Challenges – Learning Styles
Most of the students have learned in the physical classroom. Online learning can make you
adapt to different styles of learning. There are some students who can adapt to these styles
quickly but what about the students who need time? In such cases, they lack concentration,
inability to understand the live classes, difficulty in creating projects and assignments using
technology.
How to overcome the challenge?
 To get better learning outcomes, it is important to understand the learning styles. You can learn
through interaction, visual presentations, audio classes or written notes. Follow your own
learning style that helps in enhancing your learning experience.  

#8 Online Learning Challenges – Communication

Students lack effective communication skills during online learning. Teachers give assignments
for improving reading and writing skills but there is a possibility that they might not be able to
write so convincingly that educators understand the concept behind their assignments. There
are some students who feel shy to communicate with their teachers and friends due to the new
model of learning. It might happen due to lack of interest, poor technological skills with apps
and video calls or unable to express themselves via live chats, emails or text messages.
How to overcome the challenge?
You should become aware of the importance of communication for better learning. Online
learning enhances your learning experience. It provides a platform for communication and
interaction with others. In this way, you are able to learn from them and improve their
knowledge and skills. If you have any issues in communication, then seek help from teachers
and friends. Ask them tools that can help you improve your communication skills. You read,
write and interact for better communication.
#9 Online Learning Challenges – Virtual Engagement
Online classes help teachers to provide reading material, assignments, communication via
email, live chats or messages and delivering content by live sessions, presentations, recorded
videos or lectures for the students. In spite of all these activities, still some students do not find
engaging compared to a traditional one. Students find it difficult to communicate in person who
struggles with understanding concepts. Many times these students do not even approach
teachers to clear their doubts. 
How to overcome the challenge?
You can communicate with your teachers in private to clear doubts either through virtual
learning platforms or calls. Your teachers might be able to help you out more clearly. And they
can help you with some of the easy reading materials that are simple to understand. You can
also take extra time with your teachers and friends after the online classes for a better
understanding of the subject. 
#10 Online Learning Challenges – Feedback  
Every student needs feedback for their performance during the learning process so that they can
improve their learning abilities. They are not only observed during the tests or exams but also
for each assignment and project. Research reveals that the students hardly visit their
assignments to check their suggestions and comments. The feedback model with respect to
online will be difficult for them to understand and implement.   
How to overcome the challenge?
You can approach your teachers for feedback related to your performance. Teachers can give
your personalized guidance for improvement and identify your weaknesses and strengths. You
can improve your learning pattern based on the feedback. Unless you receive feedback from
teachers, there are chances of less improvement in your learning.

The challenges need to be addressed to foster learner success and retention in an online
environment are: Adaptability, technical issues, internet connectivity, computer knowledge,
time management, discipline, and learning styles,

7. Why are the school administrators and curriculum managers important to

curriculum implementation?
The school administrators play an important role in shaping the school curriculum because they are the people
who are responsible in the formulation of the schools' vision, philosophy, mission and objectives. They
provide necessary leadership in evaluating teaching personnel and school program.

8. What are the major functions of administrator and supervision?

Functions are “self-contained” modules of code that accomplish a specific task. Functions are usually “take in” data,
process it and return as a result. Once a functions is written, it can be used over and over again. Nine functions of
administration and five for supervision were listed here. They are the following, for administration:

a) Planning- the process of determining the nature of educational enterprise or methods of approaching
problems.
b) Organizing- it primarily involves placing job materials and ideas in a structure.
c) Directing- it includes a myriad task carried out daily by the school administrator.
d) Supervising- the activity of determining that essential conditions are provided which will insure the
achievement of educational goals and purposes.
 e) Coordinating- it is needed to overcome the limitations of planning and organizing as well as inherent
limitations of personnel.
f) Evaluating- it is used by the administration to discover the strength and weaknesses of the teaching
personnel.
g) Providing leadership- in the operation of school system, the administration on the school should be
professional leader of the teaching staff, working and scientifically, conscientiously and democratically.
h) Promoting close school-community relationship- education to be effective, must be administered and
supervised in an atmosphere of sympathy and understanding between the school personnel and the public.
i) Recording and reporting-it is an administrative function to insure the results with maximum delegation of
authority.
FOR Supervision, the major functions are as follows:
a) Inspection- the study of existing school conditions
b) Research- formulating plan to remedy the weakness or to solve the problem discovered.
c) Training- based on democratic principle of supervision – keep up with the best prevailing standard of
improving the total teaching-learning situation.
d) Guidance- stimulate, direct guide and encourage the teachers to apply instructional procedures,
techniques, principles and devices.
-assisting the teachers to accomplish his purpose and to solve the
problems that arise in his teaching.
e) Evaluation- appraise that outcomes and factors conditioning the outcomes
of instruction and to improve the products and processes of instruction.

The major functions of administration and supervision are the following:

 Coordinating
 Directing
 Recording and reporting
 Providing Leadership
 Evaluating
 Supervising
 organizing

9. What is constructive alignment and how does it differ from traditional

teaching and assessment?
Constructive Alignment is a teaching principle that combines constructivism, the idea that learners construct or
create meaning out of learning activities and what they learn, and alignment, a curriculum design concept that
emphasizes the importance of defining and achieving intended learning outcomes.
Traditional teaching is the expectation that students will learn because we tell them to. It isn't so much that “kids
learn differently these days” or even that there are boundless opportunities for learning and discovery in our
technology-rich world – though both are true and part of the push

Constructive alignment is a principle used for devising teaching and learning activities, and assessment tasks, that
directly address the intended learning outcomes in a way not typically achieved in traditional lectures, tutorial
classes and examination.

10. Explain the civil service policies and rules on government employees
as to:
a. Recruitment, selection and placement
Recruitment, selection and placement of human resource is a major part of an organization overall resourcing
strategies which identify and secure people needed for the organization to survive and succeed.
Better recruitment and selection procedure results in improved organizational outcomes.
b. Performance
Sec. 95. An employee should have obtained at least a Very Satisfactory performance rating in the
last rating period prior to the assessment or screening for promotion or transfer.” Based on the foregoing,
only the last rating of the employee in his current position is required for purposes of promotion or transfer

c. Promotion
Criteria for the promotion of civil servants
*Right qualification.
*The length of service required to obtain a higher post.
*Satisfactory discharge of duties.
*Decent behavior, successful passing of the regular interviews and examinations
 c. Retirement
Unless the service is extended by appropriate authorities, retirement shall be compulsory for an employee at
sixty-five (65) years of age with at least fifteen (15) years of service: Provided, That if he has less than fifteen
(15) years of service, he may be allowed to continue in the service in accordance with 

A. Recruitment, selection and placement

The agency shall publish vacant position/s in the Civil Service Commission (CSC) Bulletin of Vacancies or
through other modes of publication pursuant to RA 7041 (Requiring the Regular Publication of Existing Vacant
Positions in Government Officers). Announce vacant position/s to be filled and post in at least three (3)
conspicuous places for at least fifteen (15) working days. Conduct preliminary evaluation of the qualifications
of all applicants. Require them to undergo Psychological tests done by accredited institution. Prepare selection
line-up which shall reflect the qualifications of candidates. Notify all applicants of the outcome of the
preliminary evaluation. Submit the selection line up to the PSB/C for deliberation. The Personnel Selection
Board (PSB) shall: Evaluate and deliberate the qualifications of those listed in the selection line . Conduct
further assessment such as: written examination, skills tests, interview and others of qualified candidates.
Submit to the appointing authority the short list of five ranking candidates The Appointing Official shall: Assess
the list of top five candidates for appointment submitted by the PSB/C. Select from among the top five
candidates the one deemed most qualified for appointment to the vacant position. Issue appointment in
accordance with existing Civil Service rules and regulations. The Personnel Office shall post the appointment a
day after its issuance for fifteen (15) calendar days in at least three (3) conspicuous places of the agency. The
date of posting should be indicated in the notice

B. Performance
Performance rating is a basic recruitment for promotion, designation, appointment or/and transfer. The
performance rating of the candidate for the last three (3) rating periods prior to screening should be at least
Very Satisfactory.

C. Promotion
The Personnel Selection Board/Committee (PSB/C) shall evaluate the candidate for promotion using this
criteria: performance, experience, outstanding accomplishments, education, training, psychosocial attributes
and potential. Every criterion has assigned equivalent points depend on the documents submitted by the
applicants. This points assignments shall be uniformly applied and implemented for all promotions in the
Central, Region, and Division Offices.

SET B

1. What is the difference between manager and leader?

A leader is the person who leads or commands in a group, organization or country. A manager
is a person responsible for controlling or administering all or part of a company in similar
organization.
The main difference between them is that leader have people to follow them while managers
have people who work for them. A successful business owner needs to be both a strong leader
and manager to get their team on board to follow them towards their vision of success.

A Leader is a person who influences his subordinates to achieve a specified goal, while a manager is a person who
manages the organization and responsible for planning, diction, coordination, and control.

2. Explain the principles of school governance.

Collective participation, accountability, transparency, and integrity are the spirit of SBM and crucial to the smooth
operation of incorporated management committee. School governance can be viewed as a system which operates
under the principle that education is a shared responsibility and accountability among school community
stakeholder.
 Basic Principles of Good School-based Governance
a. Collective Participation- In the school context, participation is often used to refer to the
interactivity of teaching strategies seen as conducive to students' motivation but without serious
consequences for their influence. Similarly, participation sometimes simply means taking part
in a class discussion.
b. Accountability- Literally the process by which students, teachers, and administrators give
an account of their progress, accountability is a means by which policy makers at the state and
district levels—and parents and taxpayers—monitor the performance of students and schools
c. Transparency- the institutionalized strategies for peaceful conflict resolution. The principal
openly shares information with the staff and provides access to it. The principal clearly
communicates laws, regulations, expectations and possibilities for the teachers
d. Integrity- is defined as being strong enough to do what you know is right. Integrity is also
knowing the difference between right and wrong and choosing to do the right thing, even when
it is difficult.

3. According to DepEd in order to improve quality in education and elevate

its standards the five order should be given explain in planning.

Five order should be given explain in planning

1. Collection and analysis of statistical information
2. Evolving policy proposals
3. Projections programming and Project Analysis
4. Costing Educational Plans
5. Decision, Implementation and Evaluation

by further devolving the governance of education to schools, empowering school teams and
personnel, expanding community participation and involvement, and making the delivery of
education services to the learners more responsive, efficient, and effective through an
enhanced school planning and communication process.

In order to improve quality in education and elevate standards, five order should be given in planning:
1. Collection and analysis of statistical information. Collect, analyze and use data to improve the quality of
education. Focus on how to plan and use interventions.
2. Evolving policy proposals. Changing the school policies that benefit students, promote health and safety and
improvement of the school system.
3. Projection programming and project analysis. Projection based on the underlying assumptions that determine
projection results to a large extent. For example, enrollment projection depends on the census population projection
for the various age groups in the community that attend school.
4. Costing educational plans. To develop a comprehensive cost estimate on school expenditures in maintenance and
operations of the school, physical facilities and staff development, etc.
5. Decision, implementation and evaluation. Planning and assessment for learning have a significant impact on
students learning outcomes. Planning, implementation and evaluation is a continuous cycle. The processes are
taken separately but are connected with each other and embedded in a dynamic change that happens in educational
development.

4. What significant relations do you see between the teacher education

institution and the DepEd as for as the pre-service is concerned.
Pre-service education of teacher means education of teachers before they enter into a service as teacher. During
this period of teacher education programmes, teaching practice goes side by side, while they are getting knowledge
about theory papers. A good deal of improvement in the teacher education program is needed.

Pre-service teacher education is the education and training provided to student teachers before they have undertaken
any teaching. DepEd provides learning opportunities for practicing teachers.
5. Differentiate between personal and position power as exercising leadership
model.
Personal power leaders are person centered. They focused on the people around them-
understanding that successful outcomes lie within these relationship, not in instructions, tasks
and orders. They achieved authenticity through knowing their own strength and weaknesses,
those of their team members. Position power is the power given to the leader by the
organization. It is the power granted to the leader based on the job title. It is the power other
people give to the leader that includes the leader’s subordinates, peers and bosses.
Personal power is your own skill and ability to influence people and events whether or not you
have any formal authority.
Position power is the authority wield by virtue of position in the organization’s structure and
hierarchy.

6. Differentiate between
A. Population and sample- A population is the entire group that you want to
draw conclusions about. A sample is the specific group that you will collect data
from. The size of the sample is always less than the total size of the population. In
research, a population doesn't always refer to people.

B. T-test and z- test- T-test refers to a univariate hypothesis test based on t-

statistic, wherein the mean is known, and population variance is approximated from
the sample. On the other hand, Z-test is also a univariate test that is based on
standard normal distribution.

C. Chi- square and pearsons’ r- The t-test is used to test whether a

sample Pearson correlation differs from 0. The (Pearson) chi-square coefficient is
primarily used with one or two categorical variables. The coefficient is a measure
of difference between observed and expected scores.

Population - is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about.
Sample - is the specific group that you will collect data from. The size of the sample is always less
than the total size of the population.
 
T-test - Is used when sample size is large or the population variance is known and it is also a
calculations used to test hypothesis.
 
z- test - Is used when sample size is small and population variance is known.
 
Chi- square - evaluates if there is a relationship between two variables and it also focuses on any
differences.
 
pearsons’ r - evaluates whether there is a linear relationship and focuses on differences in a direction.

7. What are the different roles of assessment in the instruction decisions?

Assessment is an integral part of instruction, as it determines whether or not the goals
of education are being met. Assessment affects decisions about grades, placement,
advancement, instructional needs, curriculum, and, in some cases, funding.
Assessment enhances learning in the instructional processes if the result provides feedbacks to
both students and teachers

The different roles of assessment in the instructional decisions are:

 Prior to instruction (pre-test, aptitude test, readiness)
 During instruction (formative and diagnostic test)
 At the end of instruction (summative, achievement test, and rating scale)

Roles of assessment in instruction decisions

1. PLACEMENT. To determine the students' entry behaviour
 2. INTRUCTIONAL: To determine the objectives has been attained or not
3. DIAGNOSTIC: To determine students' strength and weakness
4. PREDICTIVE: To rate the students' performance for the purpose of giving grades
5. ADMINISTRATIVE: To improve teaching-learning process.
6. GUIDANCE. Guidance in making decisions about courses and careers.
7. MOTIVATION: To motivate, direct, inspire and involve students in learning.
8. DEVELOPMENT: To modify, improve and develop teaching strategies and learning.
9. RESEARCH: Helps provide data for research generalization.
10. COMMUNICATION: To communicate the results of progress to students and parents.

8. Differentiate between assessment, testing, measurement and evaluation

Test, measurement, and evaluation are concepts used in education to explain how the progress of learning and the
final learning outcomes of students are assessed.
These measurement tools are held to standards and can be used to obtain reliable results. ... In
education, evaluation is the process of using the measurements gathered in the assessments. Teachers use this
information to judge the relationship between what was intended by the instruction and what was learned.

Assessment – is the systematic process of collecting and interpreting information to make decisions about students
achievement.
Testing – Is a method use to determine student’s ability to complete certain tasks or demonstrate mastery of a skill
or knowledge of content.
Measurement – refers to the set of procedures and the principles for how to use the procedures in educational tests
and assessments.
Evaluation – is a process that critically examines a program. It involves collecting and analyzing information about
programs and activities.

9. What do you mean by “Teach themselves”?

Teach themselves means someone learning without a formal teacher or program, but having knowledge or skills
acquired by ones' own efforts without formal instruction.

Self-taught typically meant someone learning without a formal teacher or program, but access

to teaching materials was fair game. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines self-taught as, “having knowledge
or skills acquired by one's own efforts without formal instruction.”

10. What are the curriculum innovation in our education curriculum? Cite
one.
Teaching through Smart Boards.
A SMART Board is a brand of interactive whiteboard. It allows teachers and students to control the computer
through touching the screen. ... This technology can help make lessons interesting to students by allowing them to play
important roles in the lesson by interacting with the technology.

Teaching through Flipping Classrooms.

Means a learning model where students go through their study materials at home and do their assignments in the
classroom. Students have gotten used to the idea of doing homework at home, while they read the chapters and make
notes in the classroom. With the flipped approach, teachers aim to make the learning process more engaging.

Teaching through collaboration.
Collaborative learning is the educational approach of using groups to enhance learning through working together.
Groups of two or more learners work together to solve problems, complete tasks, or learn new concepts.

Teaching through Virtual Reality.

Virtual reality can improve education by providing students with memorable and immersive experiences that would
otherwise not be possible. ... VR is accessible to every student and can be easily monitored by
teachers. Virtual experiences have the power to engage and inspire students in a unique and powerful way.
 Teaching through 3D printing technology.
3D printing technology is returning to the spotlight as K–12 educators use the classroom technology to teach coding
and problem-solving skills. ... 3D modeling and printers can bring almost any educational concept to life, while
building practical skills such as problem-solving, creative coding and design

Set A
1. Explain how to determine the priorities and formulation of the school plan to
affect the organizational development and reflectiveness.
Based on our experiences, here are five key elements of an effective school improvement plan.
1. Start with a vision. What should your vision for improvement look like? ...
2. Conduct a needs assessment. ...
3. Identify goals and objectives. ...
4. Outline specific action steps. ...
5. Involve all stakeholders in the process

1.  A. What is School Improvement Planning? School improvement Planning is a process by which members of the school
– community conducts a thorough evaluation of their school’s educational programming in the previous school years
and the development of a written school plan that:
• establishes the starting point for ongoing evaluation of efforts and
• unifies independently organized school improvement efforts from various areas of the total school program into a
single, focused process.
2. B. What is a School Improvement Plan? A School Improvement Plan (SIP) is:
• a road map that establishes the changes that the school needs to improve student achievement and shows how and
when these changes will be made.
• a three-year education development plan that embodies the vision and mission of the school. It contains the profile of
the school and the community, problems and needs, goals, objectives, standards and targets, implementation plan,
monitoring and evaluation plan, communication and advocacy plan, documentation and reporting to stakeholders and
signatories. It is translated into an Annual Implementation Plan. These SIPs serve as the major bases of the Division
Education Development Plan (DEDP).
3. a comprehensive overview of major priorities to which the school will commit its resources including activities which
are supportive of the national program of the Department and best/effective practices to be sustained.
• a document which embodies what a school wants to achieve and the manner with which to achieve it ensuring that the
school maintains its prevent strengths towards an enhanced learning environment for students.
• an instrument by which the community can hold a certain school accountable for student performance.

2. Discuss the application of competency based curriculum in your respective setting in

order to enhance the performance of the learners.
The learner is therefore the central figure in the curriculum implementation process. There are various factors that
influence Curriculum Implementation like the learners, resource materials and facilities, the teacher, the school
environment, culture and ideology, instructional supervision and assessment.

3. What are the limitations and advantages of Distance Education?

Limitations
No Physical Interaction. ...
Less Motivational. ...
Distance Learning Don't Help In Developing Oral Skills And Social Interactions. ...
Difficult To Choose A Quality Educational Program. ...
Employer's Reluctance To Accept Distance Mode Of Training. ...
Important To Have Good Time Management Skills. ...
Technical Difficulties
Advantages
 You can fit your learning around your work and home life.
You get to decide exactly when and where you study.
You can get a degree from anywhere in the world.
Distance learning courses often cost less than full-time degrees, so you can save
money.

4. Discuss briefly the importance of educational facilities as an indispensable component

of both elementary and secondary schools.
School facilities improve the quality of the study environment in the school, thus improving the quality of education. For
example, if the classroom layout considers the room's acoustics, then the students will be able to focus and concentrate more
on their studies with teachers facing fewer distractions.

Any schools or campuses that envision to provide good quality education to their students must provide adequate school
facilities, resources and appropriate maintenance services which will, in fact, contribute a more effective learning
environment to their users. 

5. Discuss other sources of funds, which will help finance public educational
facilities.
Financing of education in the Philippines is mainly by the government (public) and by households (private), and since the
1990's there has been a shift in the public/private mix in education financing towards higher private share.

National Funds
Financial Aid Assistance to Public Secondary Schools
Share of Local Government
Special Education Fund
Tuition and other School Fees
Income from other Sources

6. Efficiency and effectiveness are two interrelated terms in administration and

supervision. When and how one can be an efficient and effective leader of a school
system?
Dictionary defines efficiency as effective operation as measured by a comparison of production with cost while effectiveness
is producing a decided, decisive or desired effect. Being an efficient leader is that he can perform the tasks given to him.
Being effective is that when that leader produce or yield a fruitful labor. In short, efficient leader can comply to the things
needed to be done and he becomes effective when his subordinates apply or put into actions the things they gained or learned
from him

7. Explain how important is the actual plan mapping in having specific school site and as
location.
Unlike an ordinary map that by its very nature is static, school mapping gives a dynamic and prospective vision of how the
education service should look in the future, showing its buildings, teachers, and facilities, to enable the implementation of
education policies.

The school location is an essential factor, however the site should be characterized by a lot more desirable features, such
as: ‡ The site should be easily accessible to present or future school populations to be served, and should allow the
public to use this property for educational or recreational purposes.

8. Explain the application of planning management by objectives in your school on how

to improve the delivery of educational recipient to the clients.
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a strategic approach to enhance the performance of an organization. It is a process
where the goals of the organization are defined and conveyed by the management to the members of the organization.
Organizational structures with the intention to achieve each objective.
It is a functional approach, giving importance to the goal-setting process. It is a systematic approach to set goals and helps
every individual department to set their own goals. ... This helps employees to keep themselves motivated and committed to
the process. MBO is a result-oriented strategy.

This concept emphasizes the establishment of common objectives by managers and their subordinates acting together and
the use of these objectives as the primary basis of motivation, evaluation, and control efforts.

9. Why educational planning must be taught and established as a continuous process to

must emerging needs.
Educational planning has become very important because: It makes sure an institution's success. It considers the significant
issues, constraints, conditions, and factors of education. The focus is on potential objectives, goals, and vision.

Planning is a continuous process as after each plan another one is executed. Planning is a continuous process since
new plans, one after another are needed to be formulated and executed. This is so because only one plan is not sufficient for
any organisation to survive in dynamic business environment.

10. Explain outcome based education as a model.

"Outcomes based education (OBE) is a process that involves the restructuring of curriculum, assessment and reporting
practices in education to reflect the achievement of high order learning and mastery rather than the accumulation of course
credits.”

Outcome-based education is a model of education that rejects the traditional focus on what the school provides to students,
in favor of making students demonstrate that they "know and are able to do" whatever the
required outcomes are. OBE reforms emphasize setting clear standards for observable, measurable outcomes.