Name______________________________Teacher________________________ Period________

Precalculus Advanced
Unit 0: Algebra Review

1
Precal Adv. Day 1 Factoring Warm Up

What do you remember about factoring? What is the first step?

1) 12a b  96a b  84ab

3 2
2) 12𝑥 2 𝑦 5 + 27𝑥𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 3 𝑦 3

Try factoring the following expressions completely.

3) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 4) 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 4 5) 𝑥2 − 9

6) 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 12 7) 6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 5 8) xy5 16xy

9) −𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 25 10) x3 – 2x2 + 3x – 6

Sum/Difference of Cubes formulas:

11) x 3  8 12) u  27v

3 3

2
 What should I know on the 1st day of Precalculus Advanced?

Factor each of the following completely.

Always check to see if a GCF (greatest common factor) can be factored out first.

1) 24x y  30x y 2) 9 x  21x

4 3 3 2 2 4

3) x  6 x  9 4) x  5x  4
2 2

5) x2 – 9 6) x2 – 1

7) 81a  16b c 8) 36x  49 y

2 2 2 2 2

9) x 4  y 4 10) y  625
4

3
11) 6 x  13x  15 12) 6 x  21x  18x
2 3 2

13) 10x  19x  6

2
14) 5a 4  80

15) x y  7 x y  6xy 16) 2 x  162x

3 2 5

17) 3x  x  4 18) 2a  12a  18

2 4 2

4
Simplify.

x 2 7 x12 4 x2 - 4 2
• 20) •
19) 12 x4 2x - 4 x  2

x2  x - 2 x2 - 5x - 6 x 2  3x -10 x 2  2 x - 3
21) • 22) •
x 2 - 4 x -12 x 2 - 2 x  1 x2 - 7 x  6 x2  x - 6

x 2 - 7 x  12 x 2 -16 x 2 - 64 x  8
23)  2 24) 
x2 - x - 6 x  x-2 x 2 -16 x  4

Adding and subtracting fractions (remember: you need a common denominator for these):

x 3x 5x x  4
25)  26) 
5 4 7 2

2 5 x x 1
27)  28)  2
x x 1 x  1 x  3x  2

5
Simplify. That means: ____________________________________________________

29) (8x y )( xy ) 30) (3xy )( 2 x y )

3 2 2 4 3 2

72 x 8 y 2  27 x 7 y 2
31) 32)
9 x6 y  9x6 y 4

33) (6 x  5 y  4 z )  (7 x  8 y  z ) 34) (5h  h  7)  (3h  4h  6)

5 3 5

35) (6 x  4 y  5 z )  (8x  3 y  z ) 36) (3x  7 x  7)  ( x  3x  2)

2 2

37) (3x  6)( x  2) 38) ( x  2)( x  2x  5)

2

39) (x + 5)2 40) x2(x – 3)2

x 1 x
41) 42)
x  2x  3
2
x  5x
2

6
43) – (5x2 – 1) – (–3x2 + 5) 44) 5x – [3x – (10x + 8)]

1 
45) 4x  x  3  46) (3x – 5)(2x + 1)
8 

47) (x2 – x + 1)(x2 + x + 1) 48) (2x + 3)2

49) (2x – 1)(x + 3) + 3(x + 3) 50) (5 – 8x)2

7
Solve. That means: _________________________________________________

1) x2 – 81 = 0 2) 16x2 = 36

3) x2 + x – 2 = 0 4) x2 – 30x + 200 = 0

5) 3x2 = 5x – 2 6) 5x2 + 26x + 5 = 0

7) 9x2 – 3x = 2 8) x3 – x2 + 2x – 2 = 0

9) 6x3 + 3x2 = 2x + 1 10) x3 = 9x

11) 2x2 + 4x – 2x3 = 0 12) x4 – 4x3 + x2 – 4x = 0

8
13) x3 – 8 = 0 14) 7 – 2x = 25

15) 3(x + 3) = 5(1 – x) – 1 16) 3x  5  2

5x  4 2 13 5
17)  18) 10   4
5x  4 3 x x

19) (x + 1)2 + 2(x – 2) = (x + 1)(x – 2) 20) 6x2 + 3x = 0

21) x2 – 2x – 8 = 0 22) 2x2 = 19x + 33

9
23) x2 = 11 24) (x – 12)2 = 16

25) 2x2 – 5x – 3 = 0 26) 5x3 + 30x2 + 45x = 0

27) x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 6 = 0 28) 2x  10  0

3
29) 3
2x  5  3  0 30) 4x  1 
x

31) ( x  5) 2  ( x  4) 2 32) x  31  9x  5

10
Notes: Parent Functions and Even/Odd Functions

PARENT FUNCTIONS
EQUATION NAME GRAPH DOMAIN/ CRITICAL ODD/EVEN/
RANGE Attributes NEITHER

yx

y  x2

y x

1
y
x

y  bx

y  logb x

y  x3

y3 x

y x

11
Notes: Even and Odd Functions

Even Function: Meaning:

What does this mean about x and y values?

Odd Function: Meaning:

What does this mean about x and y values?

Neither:

12
Worksheet Even/Odd and Parent Functions NONCALCULATOR

Graph the following functions with at least 3 accurate points. Tell whether they are even, odd, or neither.

1. y  x2  3 2. y  x4 3. 𝑦 = 2x

1
4. y 5. y  x3  2 6. y  x 3
x3

7. y  ( x  4) 3 8. y  log(x  3)  1

13
9. A function f is _______________ when, for each x in the domain of f, f(–x) = f(x).

Determine if the function is even, odd or neither. Prove.

10. k ( x)  5 11. h( x)  x2  4

12. f ( x)  1  x 13. g(t )  3 t 1

16. Let f be an even function. Determine whether g is even, odd or neither. Explain.

a) g ( x)   f ( x) b) g ( x)  f ( x)

c) g ( x)  f ( x)  2 d) g ( x)   f ( x  2)

14
Notes: Piecewise-Defined Functions

2 x  3, x  0
1) Sketch the graph of f ( x )  
 3  x, x  0

Continuous or discontinuous?

1  ( x  1)2 , x  2
2) Sketch the graph of f ( x )  
 x  2, x2

Continuous or discontinuous?

 x  2, x  3
3) Sketch the graph of f ( x )  
 4, x 3

Continuous or discontinuous?

15
Notes: Compositions and Combinations of Functions NONCALCULATOR

Arithmetic Combinations of Functions

1) Given f(x) = x2 + 3x – 2 and g(x) = 1 – x, find:
a) (f + g)(x) b) (f – g)(x)

2) Given f(x) = x2 + 2 and g(x) = 1 – x, find (fg)(x).

3) Given f(x) = x2 – 9 and g(x) = x + 3, find  f ( x) .

 g
 

4) Given f(x) = 3x2 – 9 and g(x) = 2x + 5, find each of the following:

f 
a) (f + g)(2) b) (fg)(1) c)   (3)
g 

Composition of Functions
Let f and g be functions of x. The composition of  f g  x  is defined by f  g  x   .

5) Given f(x) = x  3 and g(x) = x2 + 4, find the following:

a) (f  g)(x) b) (g  f )(x) c) (g f ) 3  

16
6) Given f(x) = 2x + 5 and g(x) = 4x2 + 1, find the following:
 1
a) (f  g)(x) b) (g  f )(x) c) ( f  g) 
 2

3
8x
7) Find two functions f and g such that (f  g)(x)  h(x) where h(x) = .
5

4
8) Find two functions f and g such that (f  g)(x)  h(x) where h( x )  .
(5x  2)2

Compositions of Functions Graphically

9) Use the graphs of f(x) and g(x) to find the following:

( f g )(2) a)

( g f )(1) b)

( g g )(1) c)

17
Notes: Inverse Functions NONCALCULATOR

What is an
inverse? f(x) = x + 4: { (1, ___), (2, ___), (3, ___), (4, ___) }

The inverse function of f, denoted f-1, is found by interchanging the

first and second coordinates of each ordered pair.

f-1(x) = x – 4: { (5, 1), (6, 2), (7, 3), (8, 4) }

Domain/Range
of inverses The domain of f is equal to the ___________ of f -1

The range of f is equal to the ____________ of f -1

Inverses-“Undo”
The inverse functions f and f-1 have the effect of “undoing”
each other:

Two functions are inverses of each other if:

f(f-1(x)) = x and f-1(f(x)) = x

Finding Inverses
Algebraically To find the inverse equation of f(x) algebraically:
1) Replace f(x) with y.
2) Interchange the x and y.
3) Solve the new equation for y.
4) New equation will be the inverse equation, f -1(x).

Verifying
Inverses Algebraically Show that: f(f-1(x)) = x or f-1(f(x)) = x

1) Find the inverse of f ( x)  x  4 Then verify that both f(f-1(x)) and f-1(f(x)) are equal to the identity
function (y=x).

18
2) Which of these functions is the inverse of f(x) = 7x + 4?
x4 x 7
g( x )  or h( x) 
7 4

Graphs of Inverse
Functions If the point (a, b) lies on the graph of f, then the point (b, a)
must lie on the graph of f-1.
How do inverses look
on a graph? The graph of f-1 is a reflection of the graph of f in the line
y = x.

In other words, the line y = x is the line of symmetry for 2

inverse functions.

1
3) Sketch the graphs of the inverse functions f(x) = x2 + 1, x  0 and f ( x )  x  1 on the same
coordinate system, and show that the graphs are reflections of each other in the line y = x.

(draw the line y = x as a dotted line to show

symmetry)

One-to-One Functions

Horizontal Line Test

for Inverse Functions A function f has an inverse function if and only if no horizontal line
intersects the graph of f at more than one point.

What does one-to-one

mean? A function f is one-to-one if each value of the dependent variable
(y) corresponds to exactly one value of the independent variable
(x). A function f has an inverse function if and only if f is one-to-
one. (y-values cannot repeat)

19
 3x
4) Use the graph of the function f(x) = and the Horizontal Line Test to determine whether the
2
function has an inverse.

5) Are the given functions one-to-one? Do they have an inverse function? If so, find the inverse.

a. f(x) = x3 b. f(x) = x2 – 2 c. f(x) = x2 – 2, x  0

6) Find the inverse of f(x) = –4x – 9. 7) Find the inverse of f ( x )  3 10  x .

20
 Worksheet 1.5/1.6

Match the graph of the function with the graph of its inverse function. {The graphs of the inverse
functions are labeled (a), (b), (c), and (d)}

1. 2. 3. 4.

a. b. c. d.

Show that f and g are inverse functions algebraically.

x
5. f(x) = 2x g(x) = 6. f(x)  x  4 g(x)  x2  4,x  0
2

7. Does the function have an inverse? What 8. Does the function have an inverse function?
number must be added to the x-values to Is the function even, odd, or neither?
make this function even? (Hint: plot points
from table)
x -1 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) -2 1 2 1 -2 -6

21
For 9 and 10:
(a) Find the inverse function of f, (b) graph both f and 𝑓 −1 on the same set of coordinate axes, (c)
describe the relationship between the graphs of f and 𝑓 −1, and (d) state the domain and range
of f and 𝑓 −1.
9. f(x) = 2x - 3 10. f(x) = √𝑥

Determine whether the function has an inverse function. If it does, find the inverse function.
x
11. f  x   x 4 12. f  x  
8

13. f(x) = (𝑥 + 3)2 , x≥ −3 14. f(x) = √2𝑥 + 3

Determine whether each function is even, odd, or neither.

15. 16. 17.

22
Determine whether each function is even, odd, or neither.
1
18. f ( x)  19. f ( x)  x 4  3 20. f ( x)  3 x
x

f
21. Given: f(x) = x2 + x – 12 and g(x) = x + 4 find (f+g)(x) and   (x)
g

22. Given: f(x) = x2 – 25 and g(x) = x + 5 find (f – g)(x) and (fg)(x)

Given the functions f(x) and g(x) perform the following operations:

23. f(x) = 2x – 3, g(x) = 3x + 5 24. f(x) = x2 – 25, g(x) = x + 5

a) f g  ( x) a)  f g  ( x)

b) f g  (0) b) f g  ( 1)

c)  g f  (3) c)  g f  ( x)

d)  g g  ( x ) d)  f f  (3)

23
 1 1
25. f(x) = , g(x) = 2
x x

a) g f  ( x)

b) g f  (3)

c) f g  ( x)

26. Using the two graphs below, evaluate the following.

f(x) g(x)

a) f (8) b) g (-3)

c) g(f(1)) d) f(g(0))

24