FINAL TEST

COURSE : PHYSICS 1/FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS:

MECHANICS AND HEAT
COURSE CODE : PHY430/433
TEST : 4 AUGUST 2021
TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS

1. This question paper consists of four (4) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions and email the scanned copy of your answer to your
respective lecturer at the end of the 2 hours.

3. There is a List of Formula and a List of Constants attached at the end of the test
questions.

4. Answer ALL questions in English.

QUESTION 1

a)
∘
An angstrom (symbol A) is a unit of length defined as 10−10 m. Determine how many
nanometers are in 1.0 angstrom.
(3 marks)

b) A jet airliner moving initially at 480 km/h to the east, suddenly enters a region where
the wind is blowing at 160 km/h toward the direction 30.0 north of east. Determine
the new speed and direction of the aircraft relative to the ground.
(7 marks)

c) A small airplane must reach a speed of at least 27.8 m/s (100 km/h) before takeoff
and it can accelerate at 2.00 m/s2.
i) If the runway in a small airport is 150 m long, can this airplane reach the
required speed for takeoff?
ii) Determine the minimum length of the runway needed for this airplane to
takeoff.
(7 marks)

d) A helicopter is ascending vertically with a speed of 8.00 m/s. At a height of 200 m

above the earth, a package is dropped from a window of the helicopter. Determine
the time it takes for the package to reach the ground.
(8 marks)

QUESTION 2

a) A block of mass m1 lying on a frictionless inclined plane is connected to a mass m 2

over a pulley as shown in Figure 1. Ignore friction and the masses of the pulley and
the string.
i) Draw a free-body diagram for each block
ii) Determine the acceleration of the system and the tension in the string in
terms of m1, m2, angle  and the acceleration due to gravity g.

Figure 1 (11 marks)

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b) A device for training astronauts and jet fighter pilots is designed to rotate a trainee
in a horizontal circle of radius 12.0 m. Determine how fast the devise is rotating if
the force felt by the trainee on her back is 7.50 times her own weight. Express your
answer in m/s and rev/s.
(6 marks)

c) A box of mass m = 3.50 kg is pushed a distance d = 2.50 m along a rough horizontal

floor by a constant applied force of magnitude F = 20.0 N directed at an angle  =
30.0 as shown in Figure 2. The kinetic friction acting on the box due to the floor is
1.50 N. Determine the work done on the box by
i) the applied force,
ii) the normal force exerted by the floor,
iii) the gravitational force,
iv) the kinetic friction force, and
v) the net force on the box.

Figure 2
(8 marks)

QUESTION 3

a) A radioactive nucleus at rest decays into 3 parts: a second nucleus, an electron and
a neutrino. The electron and neutrino are emitted at right angles and have momenta
of 9.30  10−23 kgm/s and 5.40 10−23 kgm/s, respectively. Determine the magnitude
and direction of the momentum of the second nucleus.
(6 marks)

b) A uniform sphere of mass 10.0 kg rolls without slipping on a horizontal surface. At a

certain instant, its centre of mass has a speed of 10.0 m/s. Determine
i) the translational kinetic energy of its centre of mass,
ii) the rotational kinetic energy of its centre of mass, and
iii) its total energy.
(5 marks)
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c) A tendon of initial length 16 cm was stretch by 3.8 mm when a 13.5 N force is exerted
on it. If the average diameter of the tendon is 8.4 mm, determine the Young’s
modulus of this tendon.
(4 marks)

d) A 10 000 N crate is supported by a cable attached to a 5.00 m rod that is pivoted at

the base against a wall as shown in Figure 3. Ignore the weight of the rod. Determine
i) the tension in the cable between the rod and wall,
ii) the horizontal force and
iii) the vertical force exerted on the base of the rod.
wall

Figure 3
(10 marks)

QUESTION 4

a) An undersea spherical research chamber has an external diamater of 5.50 m. It is

anchored to the sea bottom by a cable. If the mass of the chamber when occupied
is 75,000 kg, determine
i) the bouyant force on the chamber, and
ii) the tension in the cable.
(7 marks)

b) A 0.70-kg mass at the end of a spring vibrates 3.0 times per second with an
amplitude 0.15 m. Determine
i) the velocity when its passes the equilibrium point,
ii) the velocity when it is 0.10 m from equilibrium, and
iii) the total energy of the system.
(7 marks)

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c) Determine the mass of steam at 100C that must be added to 2.00 kg of ice at 0C
to yield liquid water at 25C.
(6 marks)

d) The pressure in an ideal gas is slowly reduced while being kept in a container with
rigid walls. In the process 280 kJ of heat left the gas. During this process, determine
i) the work done,
ii) the change in internal energy, and
iii) whether the temperature of the gas increase, decrease or remains the same.
(5 marks)

END OF TEST QUESTIONS

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 LIST OF FORMULA
M
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟 u 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
k 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
1
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 2𝑎𝑡 2 𝑣 2 a 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝑎= 𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔′ 𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 =
𝑟 s 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑜2 + 2𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜 ) 𝑎 = 𝜔2 𝑟 u 𝐹
r 𝑃=
𝐴
𝑣 + 𝑣𝑜 𝜔 = 𝜔𝑜 +a𝛼𝑡 𝐹𝑏 = 𝑊𝑑𝑓
𝑣̅ = 1
2 t
𝜃 − 𝜃𝑜 = 𝜔𝑜 𝑡 + 𝛼𝑡 2
2
𝜔2 = 𝜔02 + 2𝛼(𝜃 − 𝜃0 )
𝑚𝑣 2 𝜏⃗ = 𝑟⃗ × 𝐹⃗ 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝐴𝑣
𝐹=
𝑟

𝑓 = 𝜇𝑁 𝜏 = 𝐼𝛼 1 2
𝑃+ 𝜌𝑣 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ
2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑎
𝑊 = 𝐹⃗ ∙ 𝑑⃗ 𝛼= 𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝜃
𝑟
1
𝐾 = 2𝑚𝑣 2 1 2 𝑄 = 𝑚𝐿
𝐾= 𝐼𝜔
2
𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ 𝐿 = 𝐼𝜔 𝑊
𝑃=
𝑡
1 1
𝑈 = 2𝑘𝑥 2 ∆𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑄 − 𝑊
𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 𝑀𝑅 2
2
𝐸 =𝐾+𝑈 2 𝑊 = 𝑃∆𝑉
𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 𝑀𝑅 2
5
𝑘
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = √
𝑚
𝑝⃗ = 𝑚𝑣⃗ ∆𝐿 = 𝛼𝐿𝑜 Δ𝑇
𝐿
𝑇 = 2𝜋√
𝑔
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚1 𝑚2
(∑ 𝐹⃗ ) Δ𝑡 = Δ𝑝⃗ 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 𝐹=𝐺
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑟2

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 LIST OF CONSTANTS

Acceleration due to gravity of the earth, g 9.80 m/s2

Young’s modulus for steel 200  109 N/m2
Specific heat of water 4,186 J/kg.K
Specific heat of ice 2,090 J/kg.K
Specific heat of steam 2,010 J/kg.K
Specific heat of aluminium 900 J/kg.K
Latent heat of fusion of water 3.33  105 J/kg
Latent heat of vaporization of water 2.26  106 J/kg
Density of water 1,000 kg/m3
Density of sea water 1,024 kg/m3
Pressure of 1 atm 1.01  105 Pa