GEC 4 | ART APPRECIATION

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Arts
D r a m a . M u s i c . T h e a t e r.
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Learning
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

1. Analyze the purpose of drama;

2. Explain Aristotle’s Poetics
3. Enumerate the three genres of Greek drama.
4. Describe each of the elements of tragedy.
5. Differentiate Shakespearean tragedy from Aristotle
tragedy.
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A R T S

What are These refer to events that

Combined combine a variety of media or

materials which can be both

Arts ?
seen and heard, and which
exist in both space and time.
C O M B I N E D
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Combined
Arts:

Drama
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Drama

Drama, originated from the word Greek verb “dran” which means
‘to act’ or to perform, is a way of creating or recreating a situation, an
articulation of reality through impersonation or re-enactment. An action
becomes drama if it is an imitation of an earlier action (real or imagined).
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Drama
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Drama
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Drama

The Greek History of

Drama
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Drama
Greek drama evolved from religious festivals (ritual) that were celebrated to
ensure the fertility of the land and the well being of its people.
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Drama

By the 6th century BCE, Dionysus

had become a very popular God in
Greece, especially among the
ladies.
One of the most popular involved a procession
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Dramato Athens, where worshipers
from Eleuthera
lofted a giant phallus and sang songs called
dithyrambs in praise of Dionysus.

And one theory about those

dithyrambs actually is that
eventually they evolved into
theater.
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Drama

The dramatist, Thepsis, is

believed to have been the first
person to introduce the
individual actor and the
element of impersonation in
the 6th century B.C.
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Drama

Late in the 6th century BCE,

pre-democracy Athens was
ruled by a tyrant named
Peisistratus.

Peisistratus came to power

through violence but once
he was in charge he
wanted to unite and
strengthen the city.
in the 530s BCE, Peisistratus expanded
one of the god's pre-existing spring
festivals and turned Athens into city
Dionysia with a theater competition at
its center.
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Drama
3 genres of Greek drama: .

Comedy Tragedy Satyr Plays

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Drama
Comedy
The first comedies were mainly satirical and
mocked men in power for their vanity and
foolishness.

The first comedies were mainly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.
 Combined
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Drama

Satyr
Plays
The first comedies were maeinly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.

These short plays were performed

between the acts of tragedies and made
fun of the plight of the tragedy's
characters. The satyrs were mythical half-
human, half-goat figures and actors in
these plays wore large phalluses for
comic effect.
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Tragedy
Arts:
Drama

Tragedy dealt with the big themes of

love, loss, pride, the abuse of power
and the fraught relationships between
The first comedies were mainly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.
men and gods. Typically the main
protagonist of a tragedy commits some
terrible crime without realizing how
foolish and arrogant he has been.
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Arts: Greek Theory of Tragedy: Aristotle's Poetics
Drama

Aristotle argued that tragedy

cleansed the heart through pity
and terror, purging us of our petty
The first comedies were mainly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.

concerns and worries by making

us aware that there can be
nobility in suffering. He called this
experience 'catharsis'.
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Arts: Greek Theory of Tragedy: Aristotle's Poetics
Drama

Tragedy
"an imitation of an action that is serious,
complete, and of a certain magnitude; in
language
The first comedies were mainly embellished
satirical and mocked with
men in power for eachandkind
their vanity of
foolishness.
artistic ornament, the several kinds being
found in separate parts of the play; in the
form of action, not of narrative; through
pity and fear effecting the proper purgation
of these emotions."
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Drama

6 constitutive components of a tragedy

The first comedies were mainly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.
Plot Character Diction Thought spectacle Song

theme man in arrangement feelings audience harmony

of the
action artistic emotions and
language melody
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Drama
3 Elements of Tragedy
reversal recognition a scene of
suffering
'peripetia' anagnorisis
just when you think exile, suicide,
what huge psychological
happens when a trauma exile, suicide, huge
something's going okay, character finally psychological trauma
there's a change, mostly recognizes something
signaled by the arrival of
a messenger, and then
everything just gets
terrible again
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Drama Shakespearean Tragedy

Shakespeare went beyond the drama of his time

to present an imaginative vision of evil and of
The first comedies were mainlythe resources
satirical within power
and mocked men which for man confronts
their vanity evil in
and foolishness.
his extremity. Shakespeare’s tragic heroes are
prominent but imperfect (Hamlet, Lear) and
therefore serve as both compelling individual
and symbol of society.
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Drama Shakespearean Tragedy

The 9 Elements of
The first comedies were mainly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.

Shakespearean Tragedy
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Drama The 9 Elements of Shakespearean Tragedy

1. Tragic Hero
A main character cursed by fate
The first comedies were mainly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.
and possessed of a tragic flaw.

Hamlet
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Drama The 9 Elements of Shakespearean Tragedy

Hamlet
2. A Struggle Between
Good and Evil
The first comedies were mainly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.
This struggle can take place as
part of the plot or exist within
the main character.
Julius Caesar
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Drama The 9 Elements of Shakespearean Tragedy

Hamlet
3. Hamartia
The fatal character flaw
The first comedies were mainly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.
of the tragic hero.
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Drama The 9 Elements of Shakespearean Tragedy

Hamlet
4. Tragic Waste
The good being destroyed along
with the bad
The first at the
comedies were resolution ofmocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.
mainly satirical and

the play. Often played out with the

unnecessary loss of life, especially
of "good guy" characters.
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Hamlet
5. External Conflict
This can be a problem facing the hero as a result of the
plotTheorfirstacomedies
"bad wereguy" character.
mainly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.

Internal Conflict
The struggle the hero engages in with his/her fatal flaw.
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Drama The 9 Elements of Shakespearean Tragedy

Hamlet
6. Catharsis
The release of the audience's emotions through empathy with the
characters. It refers
The first comedies to the
were mainly cleansing
satirical ofinthe
and mocked men poweraudience's pent-up
for their vanity and foolishness.

emotions. In other words, Shakespearean tragedies help the

audience to feel and release emotions through the aid of
tragedy.
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Drama The 9 Elements of Shakespearean Tragedy

Hamlet
7. Supernatural Elements
Magic, witchcraft, ghosts, etc.
The first comedies were mainly satirical and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.
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Drama The 9 Elements of Shakespearean Tragedy

Hamlet
8. Lack of Poetic Justice
good is wasn't rewarded and evil
wasn'tThepunished; Things
first comedies were mainlyend
satiricalpoorly
and mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.

for everyone, including the "good

guys."
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Drama The 9 Elements of Shakespearean Tragedy

Hamlet
9. Comic Element
One or more humorous characters who participate in
scenesTheintended
first comedies to
werelighten theandmood.
mainly satirical mocked men in power for their vanity and foolishness.
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Drama

Soliloquy
Monologue and
Aside
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Drama

Mimesis
in
Literature