SEMI-DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN GRADE 10 SCIENCE

I. OBJECTIVES

a. Define Electric Motor and Generator

b. Appreciate the components of generator and parts of electric motor by classifying

through a matrix box.

c. Make a simple electric motor using the given materials.(fine sand paper, duck
tape,cutter, battery, marker, magnet wire, clips, small neodymium magnet)

II. SUBJECT MATTER

a. Topic: The Operation of Simple Electric Motor and Generator

b. Materials: Manila paper, cartolina, glue, pentel pen, bondpaper, tablet.

c.Reference:     
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Puhagan_geothermal_plant.jpghttps://www.pickpik.com/solar-flare-sun-
eruption-energy-fireball-orange-110243
III. PROCEDURE

 Preliminary Activities

 Cleanliness

 Greetings

 Checking of Attendance

MOTIVATION

 The teacher will give instruction to the students.

 The teacher will show some picture.

 The teacher will call a student to answer.

 The students should identify the picture.

ANALYSIS

 What is generator?

 How does a generator work?

 How water, wind, and steam make electricity through generator?

 What is an Electric motor?

 How does Electric motors work?

 What are the parts of an Electric motor?

ABSTRACTION

 A generator converts Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy. It produces an electric

current when a coil of wire is wrapped around an iron core and rotated near a
magnet

 An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy obtained from an

external source into electrical energy as the output.
Principle of Electromagnetic Induction in Generator Modern generators can be
attributed to Michael Faraday’s principle of ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.
Faraday discovered that when a conductor moves in a magnetic field, electrical
charges could be created and directed to create a flow of current.    At its most
basic, an electrical generator is nothing more than an electromagnet – moving wire
near a magnet to direct the flow of electricity. It’s similar to how a pump pushes
water. It is important to understand that a generator does not actually “create”
electrical energy. Instead, it uses the mechanical energy supplied to it to force
the movement of electric charges present in the wire of its windings through an
external electric circuit. This flow of electric charges constitutes the output electric
current supplied by the generator. This mechanism can be understood by
considering the generator to be similar to a water pump, which causes the flow of
water but does not actually create the water flowing through it.

 Water – Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate

electricity. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of the falling water into mechanical
energy. Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into
electrical energy.
Wind - The wind turns the blades of the windmill, known as the turbine, which, in
turn, spins the shaft that turns the coil inside the magnet, known as the generator,
and it produces the electricity.
Fossil Fuel/Steam/Heat - Oil is burned to heat water which makes steam. Steam
moves the turbine blades that turn a shaft inside the generator. The shaft spins the
coil of wire inside a magnet in the generator that produces a current of electricity.

 A DC generator is an electrical machine which converts mechanical energy into

direct current electricity.

 The main components of a DC generator :

 Stator - The main function of the stator is to provide magnetic fields where the
coil spins. A stator includes two magnets with opposite
polarity facing each other. These magnets are located to fit in the region of
the rotor.

 Rotor - A rotor in a DC machine includes slotted iron laminations with slots

that are stacked to shape a cylindrical armature core. The function of the
lamination is to decrease the loss caused due to “Eddy Current”.
  Commutator - A commutator works like a rectifier that changes AC voltage to
DC voltage within the armature winding. It is designed with a copper segment,
and each copper segment is protected from each other with the help of mica
sheets. It is located on the shaft of the machine.

 Brushes – The Brushes are in constant contact with the commutator and are
attached to the wires leading from the generator. The commutator spins while
the brushes remain stationary, transferring current from the commutator.

 Shaft – The shaft transfers mechanical energy to the generator and turns the
coil
through the magnetic field. The shaft may be turned by a turbine that
operates with water, steam or air, or by other means.

 Difference between the AC Generator and the DC Generator. AC generator produces AC

electrical power whereas DC generator produces DC electrical power In DC generator
the current flows in one direction whereas in the AC generators current reverses
periodically. In DC generator split rings are used they wear out quickly in AC generator
slip rings are used, so they have high efficiency.AC generators are used for small
domestic applications whereas DC generators used to power large motors.
Uses of Generator:
Back -Up power for your house
Stand-by power for businesses
Temporary power in a construction site.
Permanent power to a farm
Helping main source of electricity to supply the total power required
Pop concerts, events, and exhibitions
Caravans/Camping in remote locations Outdoor catering facilities

 Electric Motor anything that changes electricity into motion, meaning electrical energy
into mechanical energy is called an electric motor.
Basic Principles Danish physicist HANS CHRISTIAN ØRSTED began a new
scientific era when he discovered that electricity and magnetism are linked. He
showed by experiment that an electric current flowing through a wire could move a
nearby magnet.

 The discovery of ELECTROMAGNETISM set the stage for the eventual development
of our modern technology-based world.

 Motors work through the principles of ELECTROMAGNETISM. If you run electricity

 through a wire, it creates a magnetic field. If you coil the wire around a rod and run
electricity through the wire, it creates a magnetic field around the rod. One end of the
rod will have a north magnetic pole and the other will have a south pole. Opposite
poles attract one another, like poles repel. When you surround that rod with other
magnets, the rod will rotate from the attractive and repulsive forces. Electric motor
designs can vary quite a lot, though in general they have three main parts: a rotor, a
stator and a commutator.

These three parts use the attractive and repulsive forces of electromagnetism, causing the
motor to spin continually as long as it receives a steady flow of electric current.

 THE STATOR-Every electric motor has two essential parts; one stationary, and one that
rotates. The stationary part is the stator. Though configurations vary, the stator is most
often a permanent magnet or row of magnets lining the edge of the motor casing, which
is usually a round plastic drum.

 THE ROTOR-the coil that is mounted on an axle and spins at high speeds, providing
rotational mechanical energy to the system.
THE COMMUTATOR- allows the rotor to spin by reversing the current each time the coil
does a half turn.

 POWER SOURCE- supplies an electromotive force which causes current to flow in the
system.

 BRUSHES- these are connected to the terminals of the power source, allowing electric
power to flow into commutator.

 WINDING OR ‘’COIL’’- copper wires wound around a core to used to create or receive
electromagnetic energy.

Difference between the AC Motor and the DC Motor

In the AC Motor, the source of power is AC mains supply whereas in DC motor power
is obtained from batteries. In AC motors no commutators and brushes are used whereas
in DC motors these play an important part in their operation. In AC motors the armature
is stationary and the magnetic field rotates whereas in DC motors it is vice versa.
AC motors are suitable for large industrial applications whereas DC motors
are suitable for domestic applications.

APPLICATION

Directions: Each group should classify the components and parts of electric motor and
generator through a matrix box.
EVALUATION

Test I

1. Converts Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy.

2. Anything that changes electricity into motion, meaning electrical into mechanical energy is
called?

3. Who is the Danish physicist that began a new scientific era when he he discovered that
electricity and magnetism are linked?

4. Motors work through the principles of?

5. Is an electrical machine which converts mechanical energy into direct current electricity.

Enumeration

6-10. What are the main components of a DC generator?

Assignment

Research about male and female reproductive system.

Prepared by:    Jesell Jean P. Villaran

Answer key

1. Generator

2. Electric motor

3. Hans Christian Orsted

4. Electromagnetism

5. DC Generator

6. Stator

7. Rotor

8. Commutator

9. Brushes

10. Shaft