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Chapter 6 FORCE SYSTEMS IN SPACE

This chapter discusses force systems in three-dimensional space. It defines the components of a force in space along the x, y, and z axes. It also provides equations to calculate the magnitude of a force in space and the direction cosines. The chapter then covers calculating the resultant of concurrent force systems in space by summing the components along each axis. It also discusses the conditions for equilibrium of concurrent space forces where the sum of each force component and moment is zero. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating resultants and moments of forces in three-dimensional space.

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1K views11 pages

Chapter 6 FORCE SYSTEMS IN SPACE

This chapter discusses force systems in three-dimensional space. It defines the components of a force in space along the x, y, and z axes. It also provides equations to calculate the magnitude of a force in space and the direction cosines. The chapter then covers calculating the resultant of concurrent force systems in space by summing the components along each axis. It also discusses the conditions for equilibrium of concurrent space forces where the sum of each force component and moment is zero. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating resultants and moments of forces in three-dimensional space.

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Jayson Valdez
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Chapter 6

FORCE SYSTEMS IN SPACE

FORCE SYSTEM IN SPACE


CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss on how to solve the components and resultant of force systems in space.

6.1. INTRODUCTION:

In 3 dimensional force system, we will consider x,y & z


coordinate. A force in space has 3 components, Fx, Fy & Fz.

Where:
F= Force in space
Fx, Fy, Fz= components of force F parallel to x,y, & z axes
respectively
𝜭x, ϴy, & ϴz = the respective angles Fx, Fy, & Fz components make
with the force F.

Forces in Space (3D Forces)


Magnitude of a force F in space

F=√𝐹𝑥2 + 𝐹𝑦2 + 𝐹𝑧2


Components of a force in space
Fx=Fcosθx
Fy=Fcosθy
Fz=Fcosθz
Direction cosines
cosθx=Fx/F
cosθy=Fy/F
cosθz=Fz/F

Proportion of components
Fx/x=Fy/y=Fz/z=F/d

d = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
6.2.Resultant of Concurrent Force Systems in Space
Spatial concurrent forces(forces in three dimensional space) meer at a
commom point but do not lie in a single plane. The resultant can be found
as follows:
Components of the resultant
Rx=ΣFx
Ry=ΣFy
Rz=ΣFz
Magnitude of the resultant
R2=Rx2+Ry2+Rz2

6.3.Equilibrium of Concurrent Space Forces


Spatial concurrent forces (forces in 3-dimensional space)meet at a
common point but do not lie in a single plane. The resultant can be
found as follows:

The resultant of all forces is zero


ΣFx=0
ΣFy=0
ΣFz=0
The sum of moment is zero
ΣMx=0
ΣMy=0
ΣMz=0

1.4. Moment Of a force abount an axis


The component Fx which is parallel axis,it is impossible for fx to
rotate the structure about the axis. From the another point of view
we could say that Fx intersects the X axis at infinity and therefore
has no moment arm about the axis. In any event, we conclude that has
no moment about a parallel axis. Therefore, the moment of F about the
X axis we obtain,

Mx= Fy. Z – Fz . y

In general, the moment of a force about any axis is due to the


components of the force lying in the plane perpendicular to the axis
of moments.
Illustrative Example 6:

Determine the resultant of the system of concurrent forces having the


following magnitudes and passing through the origin and indicated
points: P= 200 lb( +4, +3, +5); Q=400 lb (+6,-3,-5); F=300 lb (-3,6,-
4).

Solution:

It is convenient to tabulate the components of distances and of


forces as follows:

Force Components of Distance Resultant Forces


distance d
X Y Z X-Comp Y Comp Z Comp
P=200 +4 +3 +5 7.07 +113.2 +84.9 +141.4
Q=400 +6 -3 -5 8.37 +286.7 -143.4 -239
F=300 -3 +6 -4 7.81 -115.2 +230.5 -153.7
Totals +284.7 +172 -251.3

The terms in the column headed distance are found from:

𝑑 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2

𝑑 = √42 + 32 + 52

d= 7.07

The magnitudes of the components are determined from:

𝐹𝑥 𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑧 𝐹
= = =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑍 𝑑

For P:
𝑃𝑥 𝑃𝑦 𝑃𝑧 200
= = =
4 3 5 7.07

Px=113.3 N

Py=84.8 N

Pz=141.4 N

From the tables columns, we have

ΣFx =+284.8N

ΣFy=+171.9 N

ΣFz=-251.3 N

The magnitude and directions cosines of the resultant are determined


from the following equations;

2
𝑅 = √(∑ 𝑥)2 + (∑ 𝑌)2 + (∑ 𝑍)

𝑅 = √(284.7)2 + (172)2 + (251.3)2

R=416.881 N ans

∑𝑋
cosθx= 𝑅
284.7
cosθx=416.881 = 0.683

θx=46.93°

∑𝑌
cosθy= 𝑅
172
cosθy=416.881 = 0.413

θy=65.63°

∑𝑧
cosθz= 𝑅
251.3
cosθz=416.881 = 0.603

θy=52.93°
Illustrative Example 6

As shown in Figure,a 200 N force F passes through point A to point B.


Compute the moment of force F about each coordinate axis.

Solution:

Determine the components of Force F acting at A.

𝑑 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2

𝑑 = √42 + 42 + 42

d= 6.928

𝐹𝑥 𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑧 𝐹
= = =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑍 𝑑

𝐹𝑥 𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑧 𝐹
= = =
4 4 4 6.928
Whence the magnitude of the components are,

Fx=125 N, Fy=125 N, Fz= 125 N


To determine the moment Mx about X axis, we observe that Fx is
parallel to the X-axis and hence has no moment about it; that Fz
intersects that X axis and therefore also does not contribute to
Mx.Assume clockwise moments to be positive, we obtain

Mx=Fyx4=125x4=500 N.m CW Ans

To determine the moment My about the Y axis, we assume that clockwise


moments are positive.Since Fy is parallel to the Y axis it produces
zero moment, whence

My=Fx(4)-Fz(6)=0

= 125(4)- 125(6)

= -250 N.m CCW

To determine Mz, the moment of F about the Z axis, we observe that


the moment is due only to Fx and Fy. In this case the FZ intersects
the Z axis and produce zero moments.

Mz=-Fyx6= 125x6= -750 N.m CCW


Exercises 6

Problem 6.1. Determine the magnitude of the resultant, its pointing,


and its direction cosines for the following of non-
coplanar,concurrent forces. 400 N(+3,-4,+6), 300 N( -2, +4,-5), 200 N
(-4,+5,-3)

Problem6.2

A force of 100 N is directed from A toward B in the cube.

a. Determine the moment about the x-axis


b. Determine the moment about the y-axis
c. Determine the moment about the z-axis
Problem 6.3. The framework shown in fig. consists of three members
AB,AC, and AD whose lower ends are in the same horizontal plane. A
horizontal force of 1000 N acting parallel to the x-axis is applied
at A.

a. Determine the force in each member AB


b. Determine the force in each member AC
c. Determine the force in each member AD

Problem6.4. The points B, C and D of the cantilever framework shown


are attached to a vertical wall. The 400 N load is parallel to the Z
axis and the 1200 N load is vertical.
a. Compute the force in member AB
b. Compute the force in member AC
c. Compute the force in member AD

Problem6.5. The plate shown carries a load of 1000 KN applied at E


and is supported in a horizontal position by three vertical cable
attached at A, B and C.Compute the tension in each cable.
References:

Barry Onouye, Kevin Kane, C 2012, Statics and Strength of


Materials for Architecture and Building Construction 4th
edition, Pearson Education, Inc., Prentice Hall, One Lake Street
,Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

R. C. HIBBELER,C 2013, Engineering Mechanics Statics 13th


edition, Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

https://mathalino.com/

J.L. Meriam & L.G. Kraige, C 2002, Engineering Mechanics Volume


1 Statics Fifth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,New York

Singer,Ferdinand L,C 1954,Engineering Mechanics, 2nd


edition,Harper & Row, New York, Evanston & London

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