Find three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 511 and 911.

Ans: Let us convert 511 and 911 into decimal form, to get

57=0.714285....and911=0.818181....

Three irrational numbers that lie between 0.714285.... and 0.818181.... are:

0.73073007300073...

0.74074007400074....

0.76076007600076....

4. Which of the following rational numbers have terminating decimal representation?

(i)35

(ii)213

(iii)4027

(iv)237

Ans: (i)35

5. How many rational numbers can be found between two distinct rational numbers?

(i) Two

(ii) Ten

(iii) Zero

(iv) Infinite

Ans: (iv) Infinite

6. The value of (2+3–√)(2-3–√) in

(i) 1

(ii) -1

(iii) 2

(iv) none of these

Ans: (i) 1

7. (27)-2/3 is equal to

(i) 9

(ii) 1/9
(iii) 3

(iv) none of these

Ans: (ii) 1/9

8. Every natural number is

(i) not an integer

(ii) always a whole number

(iii) an irrational number

(iv) not a fraction

Ans: (ii) always a whole number

9. Select the correct statement from the following

(i) 7945

(ii) 2639

(iii) -23-45

(iv)-57-34

Ans: (iii) −23>−45

10. 7.2¯¯¯ is equal to

(i) 689

(ii) 649

(iii) 659

(iv) 639

Ans: (iii) 659

11. 0.83458456...... is

(i) an irrational number

(ii) rational number

(iii) a natural number

(iv) a whole number

Ans: (i) an irrational number

12. A terminating decimal is

(i) a natural number

(ii) a rational number

(iii) a whole number

(iv) an integer.

Ans: (ii) a rational number

13. The pq form of the number 0.8 is

(i) 810

(ii) 8100

(iii) 18

(iv) 1

Ans: (i) 810

14. The value of 1000−−−−√3 is

(i) 1

(ii) 10

(iii) 3

(iv) 0

Ans: (ii) 10

15. The sum of rational and an irrational number

(i) may be natural

(ii) may be irrational

(iii) is always irrational

(iv) is always rational

Ans: (iii) is always rational

16. The rational number not lying between 35 and 23 is

(i) 4975

(ii) 5075
(iii) 4775

(iv) 4675

Ans: (B) 5075

17. 0.123¯¯¯ is equal to

(i) 12290

(ii) 122100

(iii) 12299

(iv) None of these

Ans: (a) 122990

18. The number (1+3–√)2 is

(a) natural number

(b) irrational number

(c) rational number

(d) integer

Ans: (b) irrational number

19. The simplest form of 600−−−√ is

(i) 1060−−√

(ii) 1006–√

(iii) 203–√

(iv) 106–√

Ans: (D) 106–√

20. The value of 0.23¯¯¯¯¯+0.22¯¯¯¯¯ is

(i) 0.45¯¯¯

(ii) 0.44¯¯¯

(iii) 0.45¯¯¯¯¯

(iv) 0.44¯¯¯¯¯

Ans: (A) 0.23¯¯¯¯¯=0.232323....

0.22¯¯¯¯¯=0.222222....

0.23¯¯¯¯¯+0.22¯¯¯¯¯=0.454545....

=0.45¯¯¯¯¯

21. The value of 213 × 2-43 is

(i) 2

(ii) 12

(iii) 3

(iv) None of these

Ans: (B) 213×2−43=213−43=21−43=2−33

22. 1613−−√ ÷ 952−−√

is equal to

(i) 39

(ii) 98

(iii) 89

(iv) None of these

Ans: 1613−−√÷952−−√

1613√952√=1691352−−√=89

23. 8–√ is an

(i) natural number

(ii) rational number

(iii) integer

(iv) irrational number

Ans: (D) 8–√ is an irrational number

∴4×2−−−−√=22–√

2 Marks Questions

1. Is zero a rational number? Can you write it in the form pq, where p and q are
integers and q≠0?

Ans: Consider the definition of a rational number. A rational number is the one
that can be written in the form pq, where p and q are integers and q≠0.
Zero can be written as 01,02,03,04,05......

So, we arrive at the conclusion that 0 can be written in the form pq, where qis any
integer.

Therefore, zero is a rational number.

2. Find six rational numbers between 3 and 4.

Ans: We know that there are infinite rational numbers between any two numbers.

A rational number is the one that can be written in the form of pq, where p and q
are integers and q≠0.

We know that the numbers 3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5 and 3.6 all lie between 3 and 4.

We need to rewrite the numbers 3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5 and 3.6 in pq form to get the
rational numbers between 3 and 4.

So, after converting we get 3210,3210,3310,3410,3510, and 3610, into lowest

fractions.

On converting the fractions into lowest fractions, we get 165,175,72 and 185.

Therefore, six rational numbers between 3 and 4are 3110,165,3310,175,72

and 185.

3. Find five rational numbers between 35 and 45.

Ans: We know that there are infinite rational numbers between any two numbers.

A rational number is the one that can be written in the form of pq, where p and q
are integers and q≠0.

We know that the numbers 35 and 45 can also be written as 0.6 and 0.8.

We can conclude that the numbers0.61,0.62,0.63,0.64 and 0.65 in pq

form to get the rational numbers between 3 and 4.

So, after converting, we get 61100,62100,63100,64100 and 65100.

We can further convert the rational numbers 62100,64100 and 65100 into lowest
fractions.

On converting the fractions, we get 3150,1625 and 1320.

Therefore, six rational numbers between 3 and 4 are 61100,3150,63100,1650 and 1350.

4. Show how 5–√ can be represented on the number line.

Ans: According to Pythagoras theorem, we can conclude that

(5–√)2=(2)2+(1)2.

We need to draw a line segment AB of 1unit on the number line. Then draw a straight
line segment BC of 2 units. Then join the points C and A, to form a line segment
BC.

Then draw the arc ACD, to get the number 5–√ on the number line.

5. You know that 17=0.142857..... Can you predict what the decimal expansion of
27,37,47,57,67 are, without actually doing the long division? If so, how?

(Hint: Study the remainder while finding the value of 17 carefully.)

Ans: We are given that 17=0.142857¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ or 17=0.142857....

We need to find the value of 27,37,47,57 and 67

, without performing long division.

We know that 27,37,47,57 and 67

can be rewritten as

2×17,3×17,4×17,5×17 and 6×17.

On substituting value of 17 as 0.142857...., we get

2×17=2×0.142857....=0.285714....

3×17=3×0.142857....=0.428571....

4×17=4×0.142857....=0.571428....

5×17=5×0.142857....=0.714285....

6×17=6×0.142857....=0.857142....

Therefore, we conclude that, we can predict the values of 27,37,47,57 and 67

, without performing long division, to get

27=0.285714¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯,37=0.428571¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯,47=0.571428¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯,57
=0.714285¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯,67=0.857142¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

6. Express 0.99999....in the form pq. Are you surprised by your answer? Discuss why
the answer makes sense with your teacher and classmates.

Ans: Let x=0.99999.... ......(a)

We need to multiply both sides by 10 to get

10x=9.9999.... ......(b)

We need to subtract (a) from (b), to get

10x=9.99999....

x=0.99999....

_____________

9x=9
We can also write 9x=9 as x=99 or x=1.

Therefore, on converting 0.99999.... in the pq form, we get the answer as 1.

Yes, at a glance we are surprised at our answer. But the answer makes sense when we
observe that 0.99999.... goes on forever. So there is no gap between 1 and
0.9999.... and hence they are equal.

7. Visualize 3.765 on the number line using successive magnification.

Ans: We know that the number 3.765 will lie between 3.764 and 3.766.

We know that the number 3.764and 3.766 will lie between 3.76 and 3.77.

We know that the number 3.76 and 3.77. will lie between 3.7 and 3.8.

We know that the number 3.7 and 3.8 will lie between 3 and 4.

Therefore, we can conclude that we need to use the successive magnification, after
locating numbers 3 and 4 on the number line

(Image will be uploaded soon)

(Image will be uploaded soon)

(Image will be uploaded soon)

8. Visualize 4.26¯¯¯¯¯ on the number line, upto 4decimal places.

Ans: We know that the number 4.26¯¯¯¯¯ can also be written as4.262.....

We know that the number 4.262.... will lie between 4.261 and 4.263.

We know that the number 4.261 and 4.263 will lie between 4.26 and 4.27.

We know that the number 4.26 and 4.27 will lie between 4.2 and 4.3.

We know that the number 4.2 and 4.3 will lie between 4 and 5.

Therefore, we can conclude that we need to use the successive magnification, after
locating numbers 4 and 5 on the number line.

(Image will be uploaded soon)

(Image will be uploaded soon)

(Image will be uploaded soon)

(Image will be uploaded soon)

9. Recall, πis defined as the ratio of the circumference (say c) of a circle of its
diameter (say d). That is, π=cd. This seems to contradict the fact that π is
irrational. How you resolve this contradiction?

Ans: We know that when we measure the length of the line or a figure by using a
scaleneory device, we do not get an exact measurement. In fact, we get an
approximate rational value. So, we are not able to realize that either the
circumference (c) or diameter (d) of a circle is irrational.

Therefore, we can conclude that as such there is not any contradiction regarding
the value of π and we realize that the value of π is irrational.

10. Represent 9.3 on the number line.

Ans: Mark the distance 9.3 units from a fixed point A on a given line to obtain a
point B such that AB=9.3 units. From B mark a distance of 1 unit and call the new
point as C. Find themid-point of AC and call that point as O. Draw a semi-circle
with centre O and radius OC=5.15units. Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing
through B cutting the semi-circle at D.

Then BD=9.3−−−√.

(Image will be uploaded soon)

11. Find (i) 6415 (ii) 3215 (iii) 12513

Ans:

(i) 6412

We know thata1n=a−−√n, where a>0

We conclude that 6412 can also be written as 64−−√2=8×8−−−−√2

64−−√2=8×8−−−−√2=8

Therefore, the value of 6412 will be 8.

(ii) 3215

We know thata1n=a−−√n, where a>0

We conclude that 3215can also be written as 32−−√5=2×2×2×2×2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√5

32−−√5=2×2×2×2×2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√5=2

Therefore, the value of 3215will be 2.

(iii) 12513

We know thata1n=a−−√n, where a>0

We conclude that 12513can also be written as 125−−−√3=5×5×5−−−−−−−−√3

125−−−√3=5×5×5−−−−−−−−√3=5

Therefore, the value of 12513will be 5.

12. Simplify 2–√3×3–√4

Ans: 2–√3×3–√4

213×314

The LCM of 3 and 4 is 12

∴213=2412=(24)112=16112

314=3312=(33)112=27112

213×314=16112×27112=(16×27)112

=(432)112

13. Find the two rational numbers between12 and 13.

Ans: First rational number between 12 and 13

=12[12+13]⇒12[3+26]⇒512

=12,512 and 13

Second rational number between 12 and 13

=12[12+512]⇒12[6+512]⇒1124

=512 and 1124 are two rational numbers between 12 and 13.

14. Find two rational numbers between 2 and 3.

Ans: Irrational numbers between 2 and 3 is 2×3−−−−√=6–√

Irrational number between 2 and 3 is 6–√.

2×6–√−−−−−−√=212×614=22×14×614

=(22)14×614=414×614=(24)14=24−−√4

6–√ and 24−−√ are two rational numbers between 2 and 3.

15. Multiply (3−5–√) by (6+2–√).

Ans: (3−5–√)(6+2–√)

=3(6−2–√)−5–√(6+2–√)

=18+32–√−65–√−5–√×2–√

=18+32–√−65–√−10−−√

16. Evaluate (i) 125−−−√3 (ii) 1250−−−−√4

Ans:

(i) 125−−−√3=(5×5×5)13=(53)13=5
(ii) 1250−−−−√4$\begin{align}

=(2×5×5×5×5)14=(2×54)14

=214×(54)14=5×2–√4

17. Find rationalizing factor of 300−−−√.

Ans: 300−−−√=2×2×3×5×5−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√

=22×3×52−−−−−−−−−√

=2×53–√=103–√

Rationalizing factor is 3–√

18. Rationalizing the denominator 15√+2√ and subtract it from 5–√−2–√.

Ans: 15√+2√×5√−2√5√−2√

=5√−2√(5√)2−(2√)2=5√−2√5−2=5√−2√3

Difference between (5–√−2–√) and (5–√−2√3)

=5–√−2–√−(5√−2√3)

=5–√−2–√−5√3+2√3

=(5–√−5√3)−(2–√−2√3)

=25√3−22√3=23(5–√−2–√)

19. Show that 7–√−3 is irrational.

Ans: Suppose 7–√−3 is rational

Let 7–√−3=x (x is a rational number)

7–√=x+3

x is a rational number 3 is also a rational number

∴x+3 is a rational number

But is 7–√ irrational number which is contradiction

∴7–√−3 is an irrational number.

20. Find two rational numbers between 7 and 5.

Ans: First rational number =12[7+5]=122=6

Second rational number =12[7+6]=12×13=132

Two rational numbers between 7 and 5 are 6 and 132.

21. Show that 5+2–√ is not a rational number.

Ans: Let 5+2–√ is a rational number.

Say 5+2=x−−−−−√ i.e., 2–√=x−5

x is a rational number 5 is also rational number

∴x−5 is also a rational number.

But 2–√ is irrational number which is a contradiction

∴5+2–√ is an irrational number.

22. Simplify (5–√+2–√)2.

Ans: (5–√+2–√)2=(5–√)2+(2–√)2+25–√×2–√=5+2+210−−√=7+22–√

23. Evaluate 11521132.

Ans: 11521132=1152−32[∵aman=am−n]

=115−32=1122

=11

24. Find four rational numbers between 37 and 47.

Ans:

37×1010=3070 and 47×1010=4070

Take any four rational numbers between 3070 and 4070 i.e., rational numbers between
37 and 47 are 3170,3270,3370,3470,3570

25. Write the following in decimal form (i) 36100 (ii) 211

Ans:

(i) 36100=0.36

(ii) 211=0.18¯¯¯¯¯

26. Express 2.4178¯¯¯ in the form ab

Ans: x=2.4178¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

10x=24.178¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯......(1)[Multiplying both sides by 10]

10x=24.178178178....

1000×10x=1000×24.178178178....Multiplying both sides by 1000

10,000x=24178.178178....

10000x=24178.178¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ......(2)

Subtracting (1) from (2)

10,000x−x=24178.178¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−24.178¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

9990x=24154

x=241549990

2.4178¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯=241549990+120774995

27. Multiply 3–√ by 5–√3.

Ans: 3–√ and 5–√3

Or 312 and 513

LCM of 2 and 3 is 6

312=312×33=(33)16=(27)16

513=513×22=(52)16=(25)16

3–√×5–√3=(27)16×(25)16=(27×25)16

=67516=675−−−√6

28. Find the value of 2√+5√5√ if 5–√=2.236 and 10−−√=3.162.

Ans: 2√+5√5√×5√5√=10√+55=8.1625=1.6324

29. Convert 0.25¯¯¯¯¯ into rational number.

Ans: Let x=0.25¯¯¯¯¯

......(i)

x=0.252525....

Multiply both sides by 100

100x=25.252525....

100x=25.25¯¯¯¯¯ ......(ii)

Subtract (i) from (ii)

100x−x=25.25¯¯¯¯¯−0.25¯¯¯¯¯
99x=25

x=2599

30. Simplify (33–√+22–√)(23–√+32–√).

Ans: By multiplying each terms in the given product we have,

(33–√+22–√)(23–√+32–√)

=33–√(23–√+32–√)+22–√(23–√+32–√)

=18+96–√+46–√+12

=30+(9+4)6–√

=30+136–√

31. Simplify 932×9−42912.

Ans: By using the formulas of exponents with same base we get,

932×9−42912=932−42912[am.an=am−n]

9−12912=1912+12[a−m=1am]

=1922=19

3 Marks Questions

1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give

reasons for your answers.

i. Every natural number is a whole number.

Ans:

Separately, consider whole numbers and natural numbers.

We know that the whole number series is 0,1,2,3,4,5....

We know that the natural number series is 0,1,2,3,4,5....

As a result, every number in the natural number series may be found in the whole
number series.

Therefore, we can safely conclude that any natural number is a whole number.

ii. Every integer is a whole number.

Ans: Separately, consider whole numbers and integers.

We know that integers are those numbers that can be written in the form of pq where
q=1.
In the case of an integer series, we now have.... 4,3,2,1,0,1,2,3,4....

We know that the whole number series is 0,1,2,3,4,5....

We can conclude that all whole number series numbers belong to the integer series.

However, the whole number series does not contain every number of integer series.

As a result, we can conclude that no integer is a whole number.

iii. Every rational number is a whole number.

Ans: Separately, consider whole numbers and rational numbers.

We know that integers are those numbers that can be written in the form of pq where
q≠0.

We know that the whole number series is 0,1,2,3,4,5....

We know that every number of whole number series can be written in the form of pq
as 01,11,21,31,41,51...

We conclude that every number of the whole number series is a rational number.

But, every rational number does not appear in the whole number series.

2. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.

i. Every irrational number is a real number.

Ans: Separately, consider irrational numbers and real numbers.

We know that irrational numbers are the numbers that cannot be converted in the
form pq, where p and q are integers and q≠0.

A real number is made up of both rational and irrational numbers, as we all know.

As a result, we might conclude that any irrational number is, in fact, a real
number.

ii. Every point on the number line is of the form m−−√, where m is a natural
number.

Ans: Consider a number line. We know that we can express both negative and positive
numbers on a number line.

We know that when we take the square root of any number, we cannot receive a
negative value.

Therefore, we conclude that not every number point on the number line is of the
form m−−√, where m is a natural number.

iii. Every real number is an irrational number.

Ans: Separately, consider irrational numbers and real numbers.

We know that irrational numbers are the numbers that cannot be converted in the
form pq, where p and q are integers and q≠0.

A real number is made up of both rational and irrational numbers, as we all know.

As a result, we can deduce that any irrational number is actually a real number.
However, not every real number is irrational.

Therefore, we conclude that every real number is not a rational number.

3. Express the following in the form pq where p and q are integers and q≠0.

i. 0.6¯¯¯

Ans:

Let x=0.6¯¯¯

⇒x=0.6666 ......(a)

Multiplying both sides by 10 we get

10x=6.6666 ......(b)

We need to subtract (a) from (b), to get

9x=6

We can also write 9x=6 as x=69 or x=23.

Therefore, on converting 0.6¯¯¯ in the pq form, we get the answer as 23.

ii. 0.47¯¯¯

Ans: Let x=0.47¯¯¯⇒x=0.47777 ......(a)

Multiplying both sides by 10 we get

10x=4.7777 ......(b)

We need to subtract (a) from (b), to get

9x=4.3

We can also write 9x=4.3 as x=4.39 or x=4390

Therefore, on converting 0.47¯¯¯ in the pq form, we get the answer as 4390.

iii. 0.001¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

Ans: Let x=0.001¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯⇒x=0.001001 ......(a)

Multiplying both sides by 1000 we get

1000x=1.001001 ......(b)

We need to subtract (a) from (b), to get

999x=1

We can also write 999x=1 as x=1999

Therefore, on converting 0.001¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ in the pq form, we get the answer as 1999.

4. What can the maximum number of digits be in the recurring block of digits in the
decimal expansion of 117 ? Perform the division to check your answer.

Ans: The number of digits in the recurring block of 117 must be determined.

To acquire the repeating block of 117 we'll use long division.

We need to divide 1 by 17, to get 0.0588235294117647.... and we got the remainder

as 1, which will continue to be 1 after carrying out 16 continuous divisions.

Therefore, we conclude that

117=0.0588235294117647
or 117=0.0588235294117647¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
which is a non-terminating decimal and recurring decimal.

5. Look at several examples of rational numbers in the form pq(q≠0) where p and q
are integers with no common factors other than 1 and having terminating decimal
representations (expansions). Can you guess what property q must satisfy?

Ans: Let us consider the examples of the form pq that are terminating decimals.

52=2.5

54=1.25

25=0.4

516=0.3125

It can be observed that the denominators of the above rational numbers have powers
of 2,5 or both.

Therefore, we can conclude that property, which q must satisfy in pq , so that the
rational number pq is a terminating decimal is that q must have powers of 2,5 or
both.

6. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational:

i. 2−5–√

Ans: 2−5–√

We know that 5–√=2.236...., which is an irrational number.

2−5–√=2−2.236....
=−0.236..., which is also an irrational number.

As a result, we can deduce that 2−5–√ is an irrational number.

ii. (3+23−−√)−23−−√

Ans: (3+23−−√)−23−−√

(3+23−−√)−23−−√=3+23−−√−23−−√=3

As a result, we can deduce that (3+23−−√)−23−−√ is a rational number.

iii. 27√77√

Ans: 27√77√

We can cancel 7–√ in the numerator and denominator to get 27√77√=27, because 7–√ is
a common number in both the numerator and denominator.

iv. 12√

Ans: 12√

We know that 2–√=1.4142..., which is an irrational number.

12√×2√2√=2√2

=1.4142...2=0.707... which is also an irrational number.

As a result, we can deduce that 12√ is an irrational number.

v. 2π

Ans: 2π

We know that π=3.1415...., which is an irrational number.

We can conclude that 2π will also be an irrational number.

As a result, we can deduce that 2π is an irrational number.

7. Simplify each of the following expression:

i. (3+33–√)(2+2–√)

Ans:

(3+33–√)(2+2–√)

Applying distributive law,

(3+33–√)(2+2–√)=3(2+2–√)3–√(2+2–√)
=6+32–√+23–√+6–√

ii. (3+33–√)3−3–√

Ans: (3+33–√)(3−3–√)

Applying distributive law,

(3+33–√)(3−3–√)=(3−3–√)+3–√(3−3–√)

=9−33–√+33–√−3

=6

iii. (5–√+2–√)2

Ans: (5–√+2–√)2

Applying the formula (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2

(5–√+2–√)2=(5–√)2+2×5–√×2–√+(2–√)2

=5+210−−√+2

=7+210−−√

iv. (5+2–√)(5+2–√)

Ans: (5+2–√)(5+2–√)

Applying the formula (a−b)(a+b)=a2−b2

(5+2–√)(5+2–√)=(5–√)2−(2–√)2

=5−2

=3

8. Find

i. 932

Ans: We know that a1n=a−−√n,a>0

As a result, we can deduce that 932 can also be written as

(9)3−−−√2=9×9×9−−−−−−−−√2=3×3×3×3×3×3−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√2

=3×3×3

=27

Therefore, the value of 932 will be 27.

ii. 3225

Ans: We know that a1n=a−−√n,a>0

As a result, we can deduce that 3225 can also be written as

(32)2−−−−√5=(2×2×2×2×2)(2×2×2×2×2)−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√5

=2×2

=4

Therefore, the value of 3225 will be 4.

iii. 1634

Ans: We know that a1n=a−−√n,a>0

As a result, we can deduce that 1634 can also be written as

(16)3−−−−√4=(2×2×2×2)(2×2×2×2)(2×2×2×2)−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√4

=2×2×2

& =8 $

Therefore, the value of 1634 will be 8.

iv. 125−13

Ans: We know that a−n=1an

As a result, we can deduce that 125−13 can also be written as 112513,or(1125)13

We know that a1n=a−−√n,a>0

1125−−−√3=(15×15×15)−−−−−−−−−−√3

=15

Therefore, the value of 125−13 will be 15.

9. Simplify

i. 223.215

Ans: We know that am.an=a(m+n)

As a result, we can deduce that 223.215=(2)23+15

223.215=(2)10+315=(2)1315

Therefore, the value of 223.215 will be (2)1315.

ii. (313)7
Ans: We know that am.an=a(m+n)

As a result, we can deduce that (313)7 can also be written as 373

iii. 11121114

Ans: We know that aman=a(m−n)

As a result, we can deduce that $\begin{align}

11121114=1112−1114

=112−14=1114

Therefore, the value of 11121114 will be 1114.

iv. 712.812

Ans: We know that am.bm=(a×b)m

As a result, we can deduce that 712.812=(7×8)12.

712.812=(7×8)12=(56)12.

Therefore, the value of 712.812 will be (56)12.

10. Express 0.8888.... in the form pq.

Ans: Let us assume that the given decimal as,

x=0.8888

x=0.8¯¯¯......(1)

10x=10×0.8888 (Multiply both sides by 10)

10x=8.8888

10x=8.8¯¯¯.....(2)

10x−x=8.8¯¯¯−0.8¯¯¯ (Subtracting (1) from (2))

9x=8

x=89

11. Simplify by rationalizing denominator 7+35√7−35√.

Ans: We are given the fraction to rationalize. By rationalizing the denominator we

get,

7+35√7−35√=7+35√7−35√×7+35√7+35√

=(7+35√)272−(35√)2
=72+(35√)2+2×7×35√49−32×5

=49+9×5+425√49−45

=49+45+425√4

=94+425√4

=944+4245–√

=472+2125–√

12. Simplify {[625−12]−14}2.

Ans: Let us take the given expression to simplify and using the exponents formulas
we get,

{[625−12]−14}2

={(162512)−14}2

=⎧⎩⎨⎪⎪(1(252)12)−14⎫⎭⎬⎪⎪2(a−m=1am)

={(125)−14×2}

=(125−12)=1(52)−12=15−1=5

13. Visualize 3.76 on the number line using successive magnification.

Ans:

(Image will be uploaded soon)

14. Prove that 11+xb−a+xc−a+11+xa−b+xc−b+11+xa−c+xb−c=1

Ans: We are asked to prove the expression,

11+xb−a+xc−a+11+xa−b+xc−b+11+xa−c+xb−c=1

Let us take the LHS of the given expression that is,

LHS=11+xb.x−a+xc.x−a+11+xa.x−b+xc.x−b+11+xa.x−c+xb.x−c

=1x−a.xa+xb.x−a+xc.x−a+1xb.x−b+xa.x−b+xc.x−b+1xc.x−c+xa.x−c+xb.x−c

=1x−a(xa+xb+xc)+1x−b(xa+xb+xc)+1x−c(xa+xb+xc)

=xa(xa+xb+xc)+xb(xa+xb+xc)+xc(xa+xb+xc)
=(xa+xb+xc)(xa+xb+xc)=1

15. Represent 3–√ on number line.

Ans: Consider a number line OD such that the construction to form two triangles is
done as shown below.

(Image will be uploaded soon)

Take OA=AB=1 unit.

And ∠A=90∘

In ΔOAB, by using the Pythagorean theorem we get,

OB2=12+12

OB2=2

OB=2–√

Now from triangle Δ OBD, using the Pythagorean theorem we get,

OD2=OB2+BD2

OD2=(2–√)2+(1)1

OD2=2+1=3

OD=3–√

Now, if the point O is 0 units then the point D represents 3–√units.

16. Simplify (32–√+23–√)2(32–√−23–√)2.

Ans: We are given the expression as,

(32–√+23–√)2(32–√−23–√)2

Now, by regrouping the terms in the above expression we have,

=(32–√+23–√)(32–√+23–√)(32–√−23–√)(32–√−23–√)

=(32–√+23–√)(32–√−23–√)(32–√+23–√)(32–√−23–√)

=[(32–√)2−(23–√)2][(32–√)2−(23–√)2]

=[9×2−4×3][9×2−4×3]

=[18−12][18−12]

=6×6=36

17. Express 2.4178¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ in the form pq.

Ans: Let pq=2.4178¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

pq=2.4178178178

Multiply by 10

10pq=24.178178
Multiply by 1000

10000pq=1000×24.178178

1000pq−pq=24178.178178−14.178178

9999pq=24154

pq=241549999

18. Simplify (27)−23÷912.3−32.

Ans: (27)−23÷912.3−32

=(3×3×3)−23×332(3×3)12[a−m=1am]

=(33)−23×332(32)12

=332−23=3−133

=1343=181√3

19. Find three rational numbers between 2.2¯¯¯ and 2.3¯¯¯.

Ans: The irrational numbers are the numbers that do not end after the decimal point
nor repeat its numbers in a sequence.

Representing the given numbers in decimal form we have,

2.2¯¯¯=2.222222222......

2.3¯¯¯=2.333333333.......

So any numbers between these two numbers that do not end nor repeat in any sequence
gives the required irrational numbers.

Three rational numbers between 2.2¯¯¯ and 2.3¯¯¯ are 2.222341365....,

2.28945187364.... and 2.2321453269....

20. Give an example of two irrational numbers whose

i. Sum is a rational number

Ans: The required two irrational numbers are 2+2–√ and 2−2–√

Sum 2+2–√+2−2–√=4 which is a rational number.

ii. Product is a rational number

Ans: The required two irrational numbers are 32–√ and 62–√

Product 32–√×62–√=18×2=36 which is rational.

iii. Quotient is a rational number

Ans: The required two irrational numbers are 2125−−−√ and 35–√

Quotient 2125√35√=231255−−−√=23×5=103

21. If 2–√=1.414 and 3–√=1.732, find the value of 52√+3√.

Ans: First let us take the given expression and by rationalizing the denominator we
get,

52√+3√×2√−3√2√−3√

5(2√−3√)(2√)2−(3√)2

=5(2√−3√)2−3

Now, substituting the required values of irrational numbers we get,

=−5[1.414−1.732]

=−5×−0.318

=1.59

22. Visualize 2.4646 on the number line using successive magnification.

Ans:

(Image will be uploaded soon)

23. Rationalizing the denominator of 14+23√.

Ans: First let us take the given expression and rationalizing the denominator by
multiplying the numerator and denominator with its conjugate we get,

14+23√=14+23√×4−23√4+23√

=4−23√(4)2−(23√)2

=4−23√16−(23√)2

=4−23√16−12

=4−23√4

=2(2−3√)4

=2−3√2

24. Visualize the representation of 5.37¯¯¯ on the number line up to 3 decimal

places.

Ans: The representation of 5.37¯¯¯ on the number line is given below:

(Image will be uploaded soon)

25. Show that 52–√

is not a rational number.

Ans: Let us assume that 52–√

is a rational number.

Take x=52–√
, with x
being rational as well.

Now,

x=52–√

⇒x5=2–√

Let us compare the terms in LHS and RHS.

In LHS, we havex5
, with x
and 5 being rational numbers (Here x
is rational, based on our assumption). So x5
is a rational number.

In RHS, we have2–√, which is not a rational number, but an irrational number.

This is a contradiction, i.e. LHS≠RHS.

So, we can conclude that 52–√

is not a rational number.

26. Simplify 3250−−−√3+716−−√3−454−−√3

.

Ans: Let us first find the cube roots of given numbers to their simplest forms by
using the prime factorization then we get,

3250−−−√3+716−−√3−454−−√3=35×5×5×2−−−−−−−−−−−√3+72×2×2×2−−−−−−−−−−−√3−43×3×3×2−−−−−
−−−−−−√3

=(3×52–√3)+(7×22–√3)−(4×32–√3)

=(152–√3)+(142–√3)−(122–√3)

=(15+14−12)2–√3

=172–√3

Thus, we get 3250−−−√3+716−−√3−454−−√3=172–√3

27. Simplify 348−−√−5213−−√+43–√

.

Ans: Let us first find the square roots of given numbers to their simplest forms by
using the prime factorization then we get,

348−−√−5213−−√+43–√=(32×2×2×2×3−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√)−[52(13−−√×3–√3–√)]+(43–√)

=(3×2×23–√)−[52(3–√3)]+(43–√)

=(123–√)−(53–√6)+(43–√)

=(12−56+4)3–√

=(72−5+246)3–√

=9163–√

Thus, we get 348−−√−5213−−√+43–√=9163–√

28. If 17=0.142857¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯. Find the value of 27,37,47

Ans: It is given that – 17=0.142857¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

Now,

(i) 27=2×17

=2×0.142857¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

=0.285714¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

⇒27=0.285714¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

(ii) 37=3×17

=3×0.142857¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

=0.428571¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

⇒37=0.428571¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

(iii) 47=4×17

=4×0.142857¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

=0.571428¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

⇒47=0.571428¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

29. Find 6 rational numbers between 65 and 75

Ans: It is possible to divide the interval between 65 and 75 into 10 equal parts.

Then we will have – 65,6.15,6.25,6.35,6.45,6.55,6.65,6.75,6.85,6.95,75

i.e. 6050,6150,6250,6350,6450,6550,6650,6750,6850,6950,7050

From these fractions, it is possible to choose 6 rational numbers between 65 and 75

Thus, 6 rational numbers between 65 and 75 are 6150,6250,6350,6450,6550,6650

30. Show how 4–√ can be represented on the number line.

Ans: Take AB=OA=1 unit on a number line.

Also, ∠A=90∘

In △OAB, apply Pythagoras Theorem,

∴OA2+AB2=OB2

⇒OB2=12+12

⇒OB2=1+1

⇒OB2=2

⇒OB=2–√

Now, draw OB=OA1=2–√

And, A1B1=1 unit with∠A1=90∘

In △OA1B1
, apply Pythagoras Theorem,

∴OA12+A1B12=OB12

⇒OB12=(2–√)2+12

⇒OB12=2+1

⇒OB12=3

⇒OB1=3–√

Now, draw OB1=OA2=3–√

And, A2B2=1 unit

with∠A2=90∘

In △OA2B2
, apply Pythagoras Theorem,

∴OA22+A2B22=OB22

⇒OB22=(3–√)2+12

⇒OB22=3+1

⇒OB22=4

⇒OB2=4–√

Now, draw OB2=OA3=4–√

Thus line segment OA3=4–√

(Image will be uploaded soon)

Short Answer Questions (4 Marks)

1. Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each
has:

i. 36100

Ans: Performing long division of 36 by 100

1000.36)36¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−0−−−−360−300−−−−−−600−600−−−−0−−−−

Thus, 36100=0.36 - this is a terminating decimal.

ii. 111

Ans: Performing long division of 1 by 11

110.0909..) 1 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−0−−−10−0−−−100−99−−−−10−0−−−100−99−−−−1

It can be seen that performing further division will produce a reminder of 1

continuously.

Thus, 111=0.09090... i.e. 111=0.09¯¯¯¯¯, this is a non-terminating, but recurring

decimal.

iii. 418

Ans: First convert the mixed fraction into an improper fraction –

418=(4×8)+18=338

Performing long division of 33 by 8

84.125) 33 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−32−−−−10−8−−−20−16−−−−40−40−−−−0

Thus, 418=4.125 - this is a terminating decimal.

iv. 313

Ans: Performing long division of 3 by 13

130.230769..) 3 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−0−−−30−26−−−−40−39−−−−10−0−−−100−91−−−−90−78−−−−120−117−−−
−3

It can be seen that performing further division will produce a reminder of 3

periodically, after every six divisions.

Thus, 313=0.230769... i.e. 313=0.230769¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

, this is a non-terminating, but recurring decimal.
v. 211

Ans: Performing long division of 2 by 11

110.1818..) 2 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−0−−−20−11−−−−90−88−−−−20−11−−−−90−88−−−−2

It can be seen that performing further division will produce a reminder of

2followed by 9 alternatively.

Thus, 211=0.181818... i.e. 211=0.18¯¯¯¯¯this is a non-terminating, but recurring

decimal.

vi. 329400

Ans: Performing long division of 33 by 8

4000.8225) 329 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−0−−−3290−3200−−−−−900−800−−−−1000−800−−−−2000−2000−−−−

−0

Thus, 329400=0.8225 - this is a terminating decimal.

2. Classify the following as rational or irrational:

i. 23−−√

Ans: It is known that the root of 23 will produce a non-terminating and non-
recurring decimal number (it is not a perfect square value), also it cannot be
represented as a fraction. Thus we can say that 23−−√ is an irrational number.

ii. 225−−−√

Ans: It is known that 225−−−√=15, which is an integer.

Thus 225−−−√ is a rational number.

iii. 0.3796

Ans: Here, 0.3796 is a terminating decimal number, and also it can be expressed as
a fraction.

i.e. 0.3796=379610000=9492500

Thus 0.3796 is a rational number.

iv. 7.478478...

Ans: Here, 7.478478... is a non-terminating, but recurring decimal number, and also
it can be expressed as a fraction.

i.e. 7.478478...=7.487¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

Converting it into fraction

If x=7.478478... (1)
Then 1000x=7478.478478... (2)

Subtract equations (2)−(1)

1000x=7478.478478...

− x= 7.478478...−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

999x=7471

Now, 999x=7471

⇒x=7471999

i.e. 7.478¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯=7471999

Thus 7.478478... is a rational number.

v. 1.101001000100001...

Ans: Here, 1.101001000100001... is a non-terminating and non-recurring decimal

number and also it cannot be represented as a fraction. Thus we can say that
1.101001000100001... is an irrational number.

3. Rationalize the denominator of the following:

(i) 17√

Ans: In order to rationalize the denominator, we multiply and divide 17√ by 7–√

17√×7√7√=7√7

Rationalizing the denominator of 17√ produces 7√7.

ii. 17√−6√

Ans: In order to rationalize the denominator, we multiply and divide 17√−6√ by 7–

√+6–√

17√−6√×7√+6√7√+6√=7√+6√(7√−6√)(7√+6√)

Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2

=7√+6√(7√)2−(6√)2

=7√+6√7−6

=7√+6√1

⇒17√−6√=7–√+6–√

Rationalizing the denominator of 17√−6√ produces 7–√+6–√.

iii. 15√+2√
Ans: In order to rationalize the denominator, we multiply and divide 15√+2√ by 5–
√−2–√

15√+2√×5√−2√5√−2√=5√−2√(5√+2√)(5√−2√)

Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2

=5√−2√(5√)2−(2√)2

=5√−2√5−2

=5√−2√3

⇒15√+2√=5√−2√3

Rationalizing the denominator of 15√+2√ produces 5√−2√3.

iv. 17√−2

Ans: In order to rationalize the denominator, we multiply and divide 17√−2 by 7–√+2

17√−2×7√+27√+2=7√+2(7√−2)(7√+2)

Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2

=7√+2(7√)2−(2)2

=7√+27−4

=7√+23

⇒17√+2=7√+23

Rationalizing the denominator of 17√−2 produces 7√+23.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

1. Write the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each
has:

i. 36100

Ans: Performing long division of 36 by 100

1000.36)36¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−0−−−−360−300−−−−−−600−600−−−−0−−−−

Thus, 36100=0.36 - this is a terminating decimal.

ii. 111

Ans: Performing long division of 1 by 11

110.0909..) 1 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−0−−−10−0−−−100−99−−−−10−0−−−100−99−−−−1

It can be seen that performing further division will produce a reminder of 1

continuously.

Thus, 111=0.09090... i.e. 111=0.09¯¯¯¯¯, this is a non-terminating, but recurring

decimal.

iii. 418

Ans: First convert the mixed fraction into an improper fraction –

418=(4×8)+18=338

Performing long division of 33 by 8

84.125) 33 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−32−−−−10−8−−−20−16−−−−40−40−−−−0

Thus, 418=4.125 - this is a terminating decimal.

iv. 313

Ans: Performing long division of 3 by 13

130.230769..) 3 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−0−−−30−26−−−−40−39−−−−10−0−−−100−91−−−−90−78−−−−120−117−−−
−3

It can be seen that performing further divisions will produce a reminder of 3

periodically, after every six divisions.

Thus, 313=0.230769... i.e. 313=0.230769¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

, this is a non-terminating, but recurring decimal.

v. 211

Ans: Performing long division of 2 by 11

110.1818..) 2 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−0−−−20−11−−−−90−88−−−−20−11−−−−90−88−−−−2

It can be seen that performing further division will produce a reminder of

2followed by 9 alternatively.

Thus, 211=0.181818... i.e. 211=0.18¯¯¯¯¯this is a non-terminating, but recurring

decimal.

vi. 329400

Ans: Performing long division of 33 by 8

4000.8225) 329 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯−0−−−3290−3200−−−−−900−800−−−−1000−800−−−−2000−2000−−−−

−0

Thus, 329400=s0.8225 - this is a terminating decimal.

4. If 5–√=2.236 and 3–√=1.732. Find the value of 25√+3√+75√−3√.

Ans: It is given that –

5–√=2.236

3–√=1.732

Now, 25√+3√+75√−3√

Taking LCM

25√+3√+75√−3√=[2(5√+3√)×(5√−3√)(5√−3√)]+[7(5√−3√)×(5√+3√)(5√+3√)]

=[2(5√−3√)(5√+3√)(5√−3√)]+[7(5√+3√)(5√−3√)(5√+3√)]

=[(25√−23√)+(75√+73√)(5√+3√)(5√−3√)]

Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2

=[25√−23√+75√+73√(5√)2−(3√)2]

=[(2+7)5√+(7−2)3√5−3]

=[95√+53√2]

Since, 5–√=2.236 and 3–√=1.732

=[(9×2.236)+(5×1.732)2]

=[20.124+8.662]

=[28.7842]

=14.392

Thus, 25√+3√+75√−3√=14.392

5. Find the value of 35√+2√+75√−2√, if 5–√=2.236 and 2–√=1.414.

Ans: It is given that –

5–√=2.236

2–√=1.414

Now, 35√+2√+75√−2√

Taking LCM

35√+2√+75√−2√=[3(5√+2√)×(5√−2√)(5√−2√)]+[7(5√−2√)×(5√+2√)(5√+2√)]

=[3(5√−2√)(5√+2√)(5√−2√)]+[7(5√+2√)(5√−2√)(5√+2√)]

=[(35√−32√)+(75√+72√)(5√+2√)(5√−2√)]

Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2

=[35√−32√+75√+72√(5√)2−(2√)2]

=[(3+7)5√+(7−3)2√5−2]
=[105√+42√3]

Since, 5–√=2.236 and 2–√=1.414

=[(10×2.236)+(4×1.414)3]

=[22.36+5.6563]

=[28.0163]

Thus, 35√+2√+75√−2√=28.0163

6. Simplify 2+5√2−5√+2−5√2+5√

Ans: 2+5√2−5√+2−5√2+5√

Taking LCM

2+5–√2−5–√+2−5–√2+5–√=[2+5–√2−5–√×(2+5–√)(2+5–√)]+[2−5–√2+5–√×(2−5–√)(2−5–√)]

=[(2+5–√)(2+5–√)(2−5–√)(2+5–√)]+[(2−5–√)(2−5–√)(2+5–√)(2−5–√)]

=[(2+5–√)2+(2−5–√)2(2−5–√)(2+5–√)]

Using the identities –

(a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2

(a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab

(a−b)2=a2+b2−2ab

=⎡⎣⎢((2)2+(5–√)2+(2×2×5–√))+((2)2+(5–√)2−(2×2×5–√))(2)2−(5–√)2⎤⎦⎥

=[(4+5+(45–√))+(4+5−(45–√))4−5]

=[9+9−1]

=[18−1]

=−18

Thus, 2+5√2−5√+2−5√2+5√=(−18)

7. Find a and b, if 3−6√3+26√=a6–√−b

Ans: 3−6√3+26√=a6–√−b

Here,

LHS=3−6√3+26√

RHS=a6–√−b

Start by rationalizing the denominator in LHS

In order to rationalize the denominator, we multiply and divide 3−6√3+26√ by 3+26–√

3−6√3+26√×3−26√3−26√=(3−6√)(3−26√)(3+26√)(3−26√)

Using the identity - (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2

=(3×3)−(3×26√)−(6√×3)+(6√×26√)(3)2−(26√)2

=(9)−(66√)−(36√)+(12)9−24

=(21)−(96√)−15

=(21)−15−(96√)−15

They are all divisible by 3

=−75+(36√)5

Thus, LHS=356–√−75

Comparing with RHS, we get –

RHS=a6–√−b

Thus,

a=35

b=