Chapter - 1

Number Systems
Exercise No. 1.1
Multiple Choice Questions:
Question:
Write the correct answer in each of the following:

1. Every rational number is

(A) a natural number
(B) an integer
(C) a real number
(D) a whole number

Solution:
We know that every real number is either an irrational number or rational number.
Therefore, every rational number is a real number.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

2. Between two rational numbers

(A) there is no rational number
(B) there is exactly one rational number
(C) there are infinitely many rational numbers
(D) there are only rational numbers and no irrational numbers

Solution:
We know that between two rational number there are infinitely many rational number for
exam:
Rational number between 5 and 6.
5.1,5.2,5.22....

Hence, the correct option is (C).

3. Decimal representation of a rational number cannot be

(A) terminating
(B) non-terminating
(C) non-terminating repeating
(D) non-terminating non-repeating

Solution:
We know that, the decimal representation of a rational number cannot be non-terminating and
non-repeating.
 Number Systems

Hence, the correct option is (D).

4. The product of any two irrational numbers is

(A) always an irrational number
(B) always a rational number
(C) always an integer
(D) sometimes rational, sometimes irrational

Solution:
We know that, the product of any two irrational numbers is sometimes rational and
sometimes irrational.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

5. The decimal expansion of the number √2 is

(A) a finite decimal
(B) 1.41421
(C) non-terminating recurring
(D) non-terminating non-recurring

Solution:
The decimal expansion of the number 2 is 1.41421…, which is non-terminating and
nonrecurring.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

6. Which of the following is irrational?

4
(A) 9
12
(B) 3

(C) 7
(D) 81

Solution:
4 2

(A) 9 3 ,Which is rational number.
12 43 2 3
  2
(B) 3 3 3 , Which is rational number.
(C) 7 is a irrational number.
(D) 81  9  9 , which is a rational number.
2

Hence, the correct option is (C).

7. Which of the following is irrational?

(A) 0.14
(B) 0.1416
(C) 0.1416
(D) 0.4014001400014...

Solution:
(A) 0.14 is a terminating decimal. Hence, it can’t be an irrational number.
(B) 0.1416 is a non-terminating and recurring decimal. Hence, it can’t be an irrational
number.
(C) 0.1416 is a non-terminating and recurring decimal. Hence, it can’t be an irrational
number.
(D) 0.4014001400014... is a non-terminating and non-recurring decimal. Hence, it is an
irrational number.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

8. A rational number between 2 and 3 is

2 3
(A) 2
2 3
(B) 2
(C) 1.5
(D) 1.8

Solution:
We know that,
2  1.4142135 and 3  1.732050807
1.5 is a rational number which lies between 2  1.4142135 and 3  1.732050807 .

Hence, the correct option is (C).

p
9. The value of 1.999… in the form , q where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
, is
19
(A) 10
 1999
(B) 1000
(C) 2
1
(D) 9

Solution:
Let x = 1.999…  1.9 … (I)
Then, 10x = 19.999…  19.9 … (II)

Subtracting (I) and (II), get:

9x = 18
x=2
p 2
Therefore, the value of 1.999… in the form is 2 or .
q 1
Hence, the correct option is (C).

10. 2√3 + √3 is equal to

(A) 2√6
(B) 6
(C) 3√3
(D) 4√6

Solution:
2 3 3 3 3
Hence, the correct option is (C).

11. 10  15 is equal to
(A) 6 5
(B) 5 6
(C) 25
(D) 10 5

Solution:
10  15  5  2  5  3  5 6

Hence, the correct option is (B).

1
12. The number obtained on rationalising the denominator of is
7 2
7 2
(A)
3
 Number Systems
7 2
(B)
3
7 2
(C)
5
7 2
(D)
45

Solution:
Rationalizing the denominator as follows:
1 1 7 2
 
7 2 7 2 7 2
7 2

 
2
7  22

7 2

74
7 2

3
Hence, the correct option is (A).

1
13. is equal to
9 8
(A)
1
2
3 2 2 
1
(B)
3 2 2
(C) 3 2 2
(D) 3 2 2

Solution:
1 1 9 8
 
9 8 9 8 9 8
9 8

 9  8
2 2

32  23

98
 3 2 2
Hence, the correct option is (D).
 7
14. After rationalizing the denominator of , we get the
3 32 2
denominator as
(A) 13
(B) 19
(C) 5
(D) 35

Solution:
7 7 3 32 2
 
3 32 2 3 32 2 3 32 2



7 3 32 2 
3 3    2 2 
2 2

7 3 3  2 2 

27  8



7 3 32 2 
19
Hence, the correct option is (B).

32  48
15. The value of is equal to
8  12
(A) 2
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 8

Solution:
32  48 16  2  16  3

8  12 4 2  43
4 24 3

2 22 3


4 2 3 
2 2 3
2
Hence, the correct option is (B).
 Number Systems
2 1
16. If 2  1.4142 , then is equal to
2 1
(A) 2.4142
(B) 5.8282
(C) 0.4142
(D) 0.1718

Solution:
2 1 2 1 2 1
 
2 1 2 1 2 1

 2  1
2


 2  1
2
2

 2  1
2


2 1

 
2
2 1

1
 1.4142  1
 0.4142
Hence, the correct option is (C).

17. 4 3
22 equals
1

(A) 2 6
(B) 26
1
(C) 2 6

(D) 26

Solution:
1
4 3
22  4
 22  3
1
 2 4
  23 
 
2 1

2 3 4

1
 26
Hence, the correct option is (C).
18. The product 3 2  4 2  12 32 equals
(A) 2
(B) 2
(C) 12 2
(D) 12 32

Solution:
1 1 1
3
2  4 2  12 32  2 2  2 4   25 12
1 1 5
 2 3  2 4  212
1 1 5
 
2 3 4 12

4  3 5
2 12

12
2 12

2
Hence, the correct option is (B).
19. Value of 4  81
2
is
1
(A)
9
1
(B)
3
(C) 9
1
(D)
81

Solution:
2
1
81
2
4
4 
 81 
1
2
1 4
 
 81 
1
 1 2
 
 81 
1

9
Hence, the correct option is (A).
 Number Systems
20. Value of  256    256 
0.16 0.09
is
(A) 4
(B) 16
(C) 64
(D) 256.25

Solution:
 256    256    256 
0.16 0.09 0.16  0.09

 2560.251
1
 256 4

1
4
4 4
4
Hence, the correct option is (A).

21. Which of the following is equal to x?

12 5
(A) x  x 7 7

1
(B) 12
x  4 3

 x
2

(C) 3 3

12 7
(D) x 7  x12

Solution:
12 5
(A) x 7  x 7  x

(B)
1 4

x 
12
12 4 3
 x3
1
 43 12
x 
 
4 1

x 3 12

1
x x 9

 
2 3 2

(C) x 3 3
 x2 3
x
 12 7 12 7 193

(D) x 7  x12  x 7  x 84  x
12

Hence, the correct option is (C).

 Exercise No. 1.2
Short Answer Questions with Reasoning:
Question:
1.
Let x and y be rational and irrational numbers, respectively. Is x + y
necessarily an irrational number? Give an example in support of your
answer.

Solution:
True, x + y is necessary an irrational number.
Let x = 6 and 3 .
Now, x + y = 6 + 3 = 6 + 1.732… which is non-terminating and non-repeating.
Therefore, x + y is an irrational number.

2.
Let x be rational and y be irrational. Is xy necessarily irrational? Justify
your answer by an example.

Solution:
Let x = 0 is a rational number and y = 3 is a irrational number.
xy  0  3  0 Which is an irrational number.
Therefore, xy is not necessarily an irrational number.

3.
State whether the following statements are true or false? Justify your
answer.
2
(i) is a rational number.
3
(ii) There are infinitely many integers between any two integers.
(iii) Number of rational numbers between 15 and 18 is finite.
p
(iv) There are numbers which cannot be written in the form , q  0, p, q
q
both are integers.
(v) The square of an irrational number is always rational.
12
(vi) is not a rational number as 12 and 3 are not integers.
3
 15 p
(vii) is written in the form , q  0 and so it is a rational number.
3 q

Solution:
2
(i) is a rational number.
3
(ii) We know that, in between two integer there are infinitely many integer.

(iii) Rational number between 15 and 18 is finite.

p
(iv) There are number which can be written in the form , q  0 , p, q both are not
q
integers.
(v) The square of an irrational number is always rational.
12
(vi) cab not be a rational number as 12 and 3 are not integers.
3
15 p
(vii) can be written in the form , where q  0 so it a rational number.
3 q

4. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational with

justification:
(i) 196
(ii) 3 18
9
(iii)
27
28
(iv)
343
(v)  0.4
12
(vi)
75
(vii) 0.5918
(viii) 1  5    4  5 
(ix) 10.124124
(x) 1.010010001...

Solution:
(i) 196  142  14 , which is a rational number.
(ii) 3 18  9 2 , which is an irrational number.
9 1
(iii)  , which is an irrational number.
27 3
 28 4 2
(iv)   , which is a rational number.
343 49 7
2
(v)  0.4   , which is an irrational number.
10
12 4 2
(vi)   , which is a rational number.
75 25 5
(vii) 0.5918 is terminating decimal, Therefore, it is a rational number.
(viii)    
1  5  4  5  3 , which is a rational number.
(ix) 10.124124... is a decimal expansion which is non-terminating but recurring. Hence,
it is a rational number.
(x) 1.010010001... is a decimal expansion which is non-terminating but recurring.
Hence, it is a rational number.
 Exercise No. 1.3
Short Answer Questions:
Question:
1.
Find which of the variables x, y, z and u represent rational numbers and
which irrational numbers:
(i) x  5
2

(ii) y  9
2

(iii) z  0.04
2

17
u2 
(iv) 4

Solution:
(i)
x2  5
x 5
Which is an irrational number.
(ii)
y2  9
y 9
y  3
Which is a rational number.

(iii)
z 2  0.04
z   0.04
z  0.2
Which is a rational number.
(iv)
17
u2 
4
17
u
4
17
u
2
Where, 17 is not an integer. Which is an irrational number.
2.
Find three rational numbers between
(i) -1 and -2
(ii) 0.1 and 0.11
5 6
(iii) and
7 7
1 1
(iv) and
4 5

Solution:
(i) -1.1, -1,2 and -1,3 are three rational numbers, which are lying between -1 and -2.

(ii) 0.101, 0,102, 0.103 are three rational number which are lying between 0.1 and 0.11.

5 5 10 50 6 6 10 60
(iii)    and   
7 7 10 70 7 7 10 70
50 60
51 52 53
, , are three rational numbers lying between 70 and 70 . It mean that lying
70 70 70
5 6
between 7 and 7 .

1 1 20 20 1 1 16 16
     
(iv) 4 4 20 80 and 5 5 16 80
18  9  19 1 1
2  3    ,
Now, 80  10  80 are three rational numbers lying between 4 and 5 .

3.
Insert a rational number and an irrational number between the following:
(i) 2 and 3
(ii) 0 and 0.1
1 1
(iii) 3 and 2
2 1
(iv) 5 and 2
(v) 0.15 and 0.16
(vi) 2 and 3
(vii) 2.357 and 3.121
(viii) .0001 and .001
(ix) 3.623623 and 0.484848
 Number Systems
(x) 6.375289 and 6.375738

Solution:
23 5
  2.5
(i) A rational number between 2 and 3 is: 2 2 .
(ii) 0.04 is rational number which lies between 0 and 0.1.

1 1 4 4 1 1 6 6
   and   
(iii) 3 3 4 12 2 2 6 12
5 4 6 1 1
12 is a rational number between 12 and 12 . Which is also lying between 3 and 2 .
1 1
 0.33333  0.5
Now, 3 and 2 .
Now, 0.414114111…. is a non-terminating and non-recurring decimal.
1 1
Hence, 0.414114111… is an irrational number lying between 3 and 2 .

2 1
 0.4  0.5
(iv) 5 and 2
2
0 is rational number between -0.4 and 0.5 i.e., 0 is a rational number between 5 and
1
2.
Again, 0.131131113… is a non-terminating and non-recurring decimal which lies
between -0.4 and 0.5.
2 1
Hence, 0.131131113… is an irrational number lying between 5 and 2 .

(v) 0.151 is a rational number between 0.15 and 0.16. Similarly, 0.153, 0.157, etc, are
rational number lying between 0.15 and 0.16.
0.151151115 is an irrational number between 0.15 and 0.16.

(vi) 2  1.4142135 … and 3  1.732050807

Now, 1.5 which lies between 1.4142135…. and 1.732050807…
Since, 1.5 is a rational number between 2 and 3.

Now, 1.5755755557… is an irrational number lying between 2 and 3 .

(vii) 3 is a rational number between 2.357 and 3.121.

Again, 3.101101110 is an irrational number between 2.357 and 3.121.

(viii) 0.00011 is a rational number between 0.0001 and 0.001

Again, 0.0001131331333 is an irrational number between 0.0001 and 0.001.
(ix) 1 is a rational number between 0.484848 and 3.623623.
Again, 1.909009000… is an irrational number lying between 0.484848 and 3.623623.

(x) 6.3753 is an rational number between 6.375289 and 6.375738.

Again, 6.37541411411… is an irrational number lying between 6.375289 and
6.375738.

4. Represent geometrically the following numbers on the number line:

3 12
7, 7.2, ,
2 5

Solution:

5. Locate 5, 10 and 17 on the number line.

Solution:
Presentation of 5 on number line:
We can write 5 as the sum of the square of two natural numbers:
5  1 4
 12  22
On the number line, take OA = 2 units.
Draw BA = 1 unit, perpendicular to OA join OB.
By Pythagoras theorem, OB  5
Using a compass with center O and radius OB, draw an arc which intersects the number line
at a point C. Then, C corresponds to 5 .

Presentation of 10 on number line:

We can write 10 as the sum of the square of two natural numbers:
10  1  9
 12  32
On the number line, take OA = 3 units.
Draw BA = 1 unit, perpendicular to OA join OB.

By Pythagoras theorem, OB  10
Using a compass with center O and radius OB, draw an arc which intersects the number line
at a point C. Then, C corresponds to 10 .
Presentation of 17 on number line:
We can write 17 as the sum of the square of two natural numbers:
10  1  16
 12  42
On the number line, take OA = 4 units.
Draw BA = 1 unit, perpendicular to OA join OB.
By Pythagoras theorem, OB  17
Using a compass with center O and radius OB, draw an arc which intersects the number line
at a point C. Then, C corresponds to 17 .

6. Represent geometrically the following numbers on the number line:

(i) 4.5
 Number Systems
(ii) 5.6
(iii) 8.1
(iv) 2.3

Solution:
(i) Presentation of 4.5 on number line:

Mark the distance 4.5 units from a fixed point A on a given line to obtain a point B such that
AB = 4.5 units. From B, mark a distance of 1 units and mark the new points as C.
Find the mid-point of AC and mark that points as O. Draw a semicircle with center O and
radius OC.
Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing through B and intersecting the semicircle at D.
Then, BD = 4.5 .
Now, draw an arc with center B and B radius BD, which intersects the number line in E.
Thus, E represent 4.5 .

(ii) Presentation of 5.6 on number line:

Mark the distance 5.6 units from a fixed point A on a given line to obtain a point B such that
AB = 5.6 units. From B, mark a distance of 1 units and mark the new points as C.

Find the mid-point of AC and mark that points as O. Draw a semicircle with center O and
radius OC.
Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing through B and intersecting the semicircle at D.
Then, BD = 5.6 .
Now, draw an arc with center B and B radius BD, which intersects the number line in E.
Thus, E represent 5.6 .

(iii) Presentation of 8.1 on number line:

Mark the distance 8.1 units from a fixed point A on a given line to obtain a point B such that
AB = 8.1 units. From B, mark a distance of 1 units and mark the new points as C.

Find the mid-point of AC and mark that points as O. Draw a semicircle with center O and
radius OC.
Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing through B and intersecting the semicircle at D.
Then, BD = 8.1 .

Now, draw an arc with center B and B radius BD, which intersects the number line in E.
Thus, E represent 8.1 .

(iv) Presentation of 2.3 on number line:

Mark the distance 2.3 units from a fixed point A on a given line to obtain a point B such that
AB = 2.3 units. From B, mark a distance of 1 units and mark the new points as C.

Find the mid-point of AC and mark that points as O. Draw a semicircle with center O and
radius OC.
Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing through B and intersecting the semicircle at D.
Then, BD = 2.3 .
Now, draw an arc with center B and B radius BD, which intersects the number line in E.
Thus, E represent 2.3 .

p
7. Express the following in the form , where p and q are integers and
q
q  0:
(i) 0.2
(ii) 0.888…
(iii) 5.2
(iv) 0.001
(v) 0.2555...
(vi) 0.134
(vii) 0.00323232...
(viii) 0.404040...

Solution:
2 1
0.2  
(i) 10 5

(ii) Let x = 0.888…= 0.8 …(I)

10x = 8.8 … (II)
 NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 9 Math’s
Chapter 1
Number Systems
Subtracting (I) from (II), get:
9x = 8
8
x
Therefore, 9.

(iii) Let x  5.2  5.2222... …(I)

Multiplying both sides by 10, get:

10 x  52.222...  52.2 … (II)

Subtracting (I) from (II), get:

10 x  x  47
9 x  47
47
x
9
47
5.2 
Hence, 9 .

(iv) Let x  0.001  0.001001 …(I)

1000x = 1.001001… … (II)

Subtracting (I) from (II), get:

999x = 1
1
x
Hence, 999 .

(v) Let x = 0.2555…= 0.25 . So,

10 x  2.5 … (I)
And:
100 x  25.5 … (II)

Subtracting (II) from (III), get:

90x =23
23
x
90

(vi) Let x  0.134  0.1343434 …(I)

Multiplying both sides by 100, get:

100 x  13.43434  13.434 … (II)

Subtracting (I) from (II), get:

 Exercise No. 1.4
Long Answer Questions:
Question:
p
1. Express 0.6  0.7  0.47 in the form , where p and q are integers
q
and q ≠ 0.

Solution:
Consider the expression:
0.6  0.7  0.47
We have:
6
0.6 
10
Let
x  0.7  0.777... … (I)
And: 10 x  7.77... … (II)

Subtract equation (I) from equation (II), get:

9x =7
7
x
9

Similarly: Let y  0.47  0.4777...

Now, 10 y  4.7 … (III)
100 y  47.7 … (IV)

Subtract equation (III) from equation (IV), get:

90 y  43
43
y
90
43
0.47 
90
Now,
6 7 43
0.6  0.7  0.47   
10 9 90
54  70  43

90
167

90
 167 p
Therefore, 90 in the form q and q  0 .

2. Simplify:
7 3 2 5 3 2
 
10  3 6 5 15  3 2

Solution:
Consider the expression:
7 3 2 5 3 2
 
10  3 6 5 15  3 2

Simplify the above expression as follows:

7 3 2 5 3 2 7 3 10  3 2 5 6 5 3 2 15  3 2
       
10  3 6 5 15  3 2 10  3 10  3 6 5 6 5 15  3 2 15  3 2


7 3    2 5  6  5   3 2  15  3 2 
10  3

 10    3   6    5   15   3 2 
2 2 2 2 2 2

7 3  10  3  2 5  6  5  3 2  15  3 2 
  
10  3 65 15  18


7 3  10  3   2 5 6 5  3 2 15  3 2 
7 1 3
 3  
10  3  2 5  6 5  2  15  3 2 
 30  3  2 30  10  30  6
 9  10
1

4 3
3. If 2  1.414, 3  1.732 , then find the value of  .
3 32 2 3 32 2

Solution:
Consider the expression:
4 3

3 32 2 3 32 2

Rationalization the above expression as follows:

 4 3 4 3 32 2 3 3 32 2
    
3 32 2 3 32 2 3 32 2 3 32 2 3 32 2 3 32 2



4 3 32 2   33 3  2 2 
3 3    2 2  3 3    2 2 
2 2 2 2

4 3 3  2 2  33 3  2 2 
 
27  8 27  8
12 3  8 2  9 3  6 2

27  8
12 3  8 2  9 3  6 2

19
21 3  2 2

19
Substitute 1.414 for 2 and 1.732 for 3 in the above expression.

211.732  2 1.414
 2.063
19

3 5 1
4. If a  , then find the value of a 2  2 .
2 a

Solution:
Given:
3 5
a
2
The value of a 2 will be:
2
 3 5 
a  
2

 2 
956 5

4
14  6 5

4
73 5

2
Now,
1 2
2

a 73 5
2 73 5
 
73 5 73 5



2 73 5 
7  3 5 
2
2

2 7  3 5 

49  45



2 73 5 
4
73 5

2

1
The value of a 2 is:
a2
1 73 5 73 5
a2  2  
a 2 2
73 5 73 5

2
14

2
7

3 2 3 2
5. If x  and y  , then find the value of x 2  y 2 .
3 2 3 2

Solution:
Given:
3 2 3 2
x and y 
3 2 3 2

Rationalization the x as follows:

3 2 3 2
x 
3 2 3 2

 
2
3 2

 3   2 
2 2
  3   2 
2 2
 2 3  2

3 2
3  2  2 6

1
 5 2 6

Similarly: y  5  2 6
Now,
x y  5 2 6 52 6
 10
And,
3 2 3 2
xy  
3 2 3 2
1

Therefore,
x  y  10   1
2 2

 100  1
 99

 3 
Simplify:  256 
 2 
6. 4 

Solution:
Consider the expression:
 3 
 256   4 
 2

Now, simplify the above expression as follows:

 3 
 3  8 4 2 
 
 256 
 2 
4  2  

 2 3 
8 2 2 
 
2  

 
  28 
 23

1
  28 

8

1
8
2 8

 21
1

2
 Number Systems
4 1 2
7. Find the value of 2
 3
 1
 216   256   243
  
3 4 5

Solution:
Consider the expression:
4 1 2
2
 3
 1
 216  3  256  4  243 5
  

Simplify the above expression as follows:

4 1 2 2 3 1

2
 3
 1
 4     
216 3  256 4  2   5
243
 216  3  256  4  243 5
  

2 3 1
 4   216  3   256  4  2   243 5
2 3 1
3 4 5
 4 6 3
4 4
 23 5

 4  6 2  43  2  3
 144  64  6
 214